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{{Infobox settlement
{{Geobox|Settlement
<!-- *** Heading *** -->
| name = Bukowsko | name = Bukowsko
| category = Village | native_name =
| other_name =
<!-- *** Names **** -->
| settlement_type = Village
| etymology = Its name comes from the west slavic dialect word ''buk'', meaning "]" ('']es ]'')
| official_name = Bukowsko | image_skyline = Bukowsko kosciol gmina.jpg
| image_caption = Main street in Bukowsko, Catholic Church and city bank.
| image_flag =
| image_shield = POL Bukowsko COA old.svg
| motto = | motto =
| nickname = | nickname =
| etymology = Its name comes from the Slavic word ''buk'', meaning "]" (''] ]'')
<!-- *** Image *** -->
| subdivision_type = ]
| image = Bukowsko kosciol gmina.jpg
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| image_caption = Main street in Bukowsko, the centre of village. The latin church parish and city bank.
| subdivision_type1 = ]
<!-- *** Symbols *** -->
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Podkarpackie Voivodeship|name=Subcarpathian}}
| flag =
| subdivision_type2 = ]
| symbol = POL Bukowsko COA.svg
| subdivision_name2 = ]
| symbol_type =
| subdivision_type3 = ]
<!-- *** Country *** -->
| subdivision_name3 = ]
| country = Poland
| country_flag = true | image_map =
| state = | pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = top
| region = Sanok County
| coordinates = {{coord|49|28|44|N|22|03|37|E|display=title,inline}}
| district = Gmina Bukowsko
| coordinates_footnotes =
| municipality =
| established_title = First mentioned
<!-- *** Family *** -->
| established_date = 1361
| landmark =
| area_footnotes =
| river = Sanoczek
| area_total_km2 = 8.2
<!-- *** Locations *** -->
| area_total_sq_mi =
| location =
| elevation = 340 | area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| prominence =
| elevation_footnotes =
| lat_d =49 | lat_m =31 | lat_s =10 | lat_NS =N
| elevation_m = 340
| long_d =22 | long_m =02 | long_s =30 | long_EW =E
| highest = | elevation_ft =
| population_as_of = 31 December 2002
| highest_location = | highest_region = | highest_state =
| population_footnotes =
| highest_elevation =
| population_total = 1500
| highest_lat_d = | highest_lat_m = | highest_lat_s = | highest_lat_NS =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| highest_long_d = | highest_long_m = | highest_long_s = | highest_long_EW =
| population_density_sq_mi =
| lowest =
| population_demonym =
| lowest_location = | lowest_region = | lowest_state =
| timezone1 = ]
| lowest_elevation =
| utc_offset1 = +1
| lowest_lat_d = | lowest_lat_m = | lowest_lat_s = | lowest_lat_NS =
| timezone1_DST = ]
| lowest_long_d = | lowest_long_m = | lowest_long_s = | lowest_long_EW =
| utc_offset1_DST = +2
<!-- *** Dimensions *** -->
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| length = | length_orientation =
| width = | width_orientation =
| area = 8.2
| area_land =
| area_water =
| area_urban =
| area_metro =
<!-- *** Population *** -->
| population =1500 | population_date = ] ]
| population_urban =
| population_metro =
| population_density = auto
| population_density_urban =
| population_density_metro =
<!-- *** History & management *** -->
| established =1361
| established_type = First mentioned
| date =
| government =
| government_location = | government_region = | government_state =
| government_elevation =
| government_lat_d = | government_lat_m = | government_lat_s = | government_lat_NS =
| government_long_d = | government_long_m = | government_long_s = | government_long_EW =
| mayor =
| leader = ] Kazimierz Zadylak
<!-- *** Codes *** -->
| timezone =] | utc_offset =+1
| timezone_DST =] | utc_offset_DST =+2
| postal_code = 38 504 | postal_code = 38 504
| area_code_type =
| area_code = | area_code =
| geocode =
| area_code_type = Phone prefix
| code = KUS, RSA | iso_code =
| code_type = ] | blank_name = ]
| blank_info = KUS, RSA
<!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** -->
| whs_name =
| whs_year =
| whs_number =
| whs_region =
| whs_criteria =
| iucn_category =
<!-- *** Free fields *** -->
| free = | free_type =
<!-- *** Maps *** -->
| map = Położenie Sanoka.png
| map_caption = Location of Bukowsko in Poland
| map_background =
| map_locator =
| map1 =
| map1_caption =
| map1_background =
| map1_locator =
<!-- *** Website *** -->
| commons = Bukowsko
| statistics =
| website = http://www.bukowsko.pl | website = http://www.bukowsko.pl
| footnotes =
<!-- *** Footnotes *** -->
| footnotes =
}} }}
'''Bukowsko''' ({{IPA|pl|buˈkɔfskɔ|lang}}) is a ] in ], ], ]. It lies in the ] mountains. During the ] it was in ] ].
]. All of the cemetery was destroyed before 1942, more them 80 ] used as street floor in ]. The rest destroyed tombstones had
been use as material to the road of the Bukowsko street in 1942-1943, but about 10 tombstones remain.</small></ref>]]
[[Image:Bukowsko centrum.jpg|thumb|170px|Main street in Bukowsko<ref><small>the center of village. Building on the left is the Dom Ludowy (''Agricultural Circle'') which is used for wedding
receptions, etc. Beyond is the green kiosk (''traffica'') where you can purchase things such as magazines, maps, postcards, comic books, small toys, cigarettes, drinks and so on. On the right side of the street at the far end is the Roman Catholic church, then the ] and then the ] building with ].</small></ref>]]
'''Bukowsko''' ({{lang-yi|בוקאווסק ''Bikofsk''}}, ]: ''Буковско'') is a ] in ], ] in the ] mountains, parish ''in loco'', located near the towns of ] and ] (in northeastern ]).


==Characteristics== ==Characteristics==
Bukowsko is the administrative and cultural centre of the ]. It is crossed by the ] connecting it with Slovakia. It is especially the private sector and ] that are developing rapidly at this time.
, the band before the gig]]

] <ref><small>"... to the village of Bukowsko, where on the night of April 4 the ] bandits burned down all but eleven of the 400 houses and made more than 3,000 persons homeless."</small></ref>"]]
It is home to the Uniwersytet Ludowy, opened in 2005, which contains many artworks and effects of the folk handworks inspiration. Bukowsko is situated in the poorest region of Poland.
It is an administrative and cultural centre of the ]. It is crossed by the rail road connecting it with Slovakia. It is especially the private sector and service industries that are developing rapidly at this time.
It is home to the Uniwersytet Ludowy, opened in 2005, which contains many artworks and effects of thee folk handworks inspiration. Bukowsko is situated in the poorest region of Poland.


==History== ==History==
Settled in ], the southern-eastern Poland region that is now Podkarpacie was overrun in pre-Roman times by various tribes, including the ], ] and ] (]). After ], of which most of south-eastern Poland was part (all parts below the ]), the area was invaded by ] and Slavs.
{{main |Lendians}}
{{main |Great Moravia}}
{{main |Ostsiedlung}}
{{main |Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria}}
{{main |Ruthenian Voivodeship}}
{{main |Lwów Voivodeship}}
{{main |Walddeutsche}}
{{main |Pogórzanie}}
Settled in prehistoric times, the southern-eastern Poland region that is now Podkarpacie was overrun in pre-Roman times by various tribes, including the ], ] and ] (]). After the fall of the Roman Empire, of which most of sountern-eastern Poland was part (all parts below the ]), the area was invaded by ] and Slavs.
The region subsequently became part of the ]n state. Upon the invasion of the ] into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the ] of the area declared their allegiance to Hungarian Empire. The region then became a site of contention between ], Kievan Rus and ] starting in at least the 9th century. This area was mentioned for the first time in 981 (by ]) , when ] of ] took the area over on the way into ]. In 1018 it returned to Poland, 1031 back to Rus, in 1340 ] recovered it.


The region subsequently became part of the ]n state. Upon the invasion of the ] into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the ] of the area declared their allegiance to ]. The region then became a site of contention between ], Kievan Rus and ] starting in at least the 9th century. This area was mentioned for the first time in 981 (by ]), when ] of ] took the area over on the way into Poland. In 1018 it returned to Poland, 1031 back to Rus, in 1340 ] recovered it.
In ] the village was first mentioned in 1361. During 966 - 1018, 1340 - 1772 (]) and during 1918 - 1939 Bukowsko was part of Poland. While during 1772 - 1918 it belonged to Austrian empire, later Austrian-Hungarian empire when double monarchy was introduced in Austria. This part of Poland was controlled by ] for almost 120 years. At that time the area (including west and east of ]) was known as ]. It was given the ] in 1768. In 1785 the village lands comprised 6.5 km². There were 700 Catholics. In 1864 Rabbi ] was appointed as rabbi of the Jewish community of Bukowsko. He held this position until 1879.
The village was burned down January, March and November 1946<ref> <small> 3,000 in rebel band terrorized Galicia, Ukrainian Nationalists, German deserters led by SS colonel burn 3 villages in a night (by wireless to ]) Sanok, Poland, ], ] – a strong, well-organized and elusive band of Ukrainian nationalists and German deserters, estimated at more than 3,000 under the leadership of a German colonel, in a fortnight have succeeded in transformating this sector of the Carpathian foothills of old Galicia into a virtual partisan stronghold. With the burning of three large villages on a single night two weeks ago, they now have made 10,000 of thise area's total pre war population of 135,000 homeless and are resisting with complete success all efforts to quell what is tantamount to open insurrection. By burning an avarange of two bridges a day for the last three months, they have completely disrupted communications in this thckly populated but primitive backwoods country and have made it virtually impossible for security police and two Polish divisions to rout them out. By stealing cattle and demanding tributes of a million zlotys (about $10,000) they appear capable of holding out indefinitely in their wooded hide-outs. Gradually the small bands joined forces with a leader said by Polish officials to be a German SS colonel, which is plausible, since the Ukrainian SS was organized by the renegade General Pethuse, whom the Germans reportedly liquidated in 1943 after he had served his purpose as the rallying point for the traditionally anti-Communist Ukrainians. The present insurrectionist leader is know by all - by peasant and officials alike – as "The Colonel". The band itself is known as the Banderowce. After one Colonel Banderowce. A Ukrainian who apparently became a legend in this part of the world for his fight with the Ukrainians against the Communists after the last war. The writer of this dispatch lat week went to the heart of the bandit country, to the village of Bukowsko, where on the night of April 4 the bandits burned down all but eleven of the 400 houses and made more than 3,000 persons homeless. Our escort consisted of therefugee Mayor, now in Sanok and two squads of well-armed Security Police under the command of a nervous 20-year-old second lieutenant. Before burning the village the bandits who were well armed with German and Russian automatics and machine guns, had demanded 1,000,000 zlotys tribute, and the village had raised 300,000. On the night of the fire the villagers received scant warning a few hours before from a peasant that the bandits were coming, but had not had time to remove their cattle.<small> </ref> by the ]. Only over a dozen years after the war the village started to rebuild.


In ] the village was first mentioned in 1361. During 966–1018, 1340–1772 (]) and during 1918–39 Bukowsko was part of Poland. While during 1772–1918 it belonged to ], later ] when double monarchy was introduced in Austria. This part of Poland was controlled by ] for almost 120 years. At that time the area (including west and east of ]) was known as ]. It was given the ] in 1768. In 1785 the village lands comprised {{convert|6.5|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. There were 700 Catholics. In 1864 Rabbi ] was appointed as rabbi of the Jewish community of Bukowsko. He held this position until 1879.<ref name="Memories">{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/Sanok/San588.html|title= Memories of my town Bukowsk|publisher=JewishGen.Org, Inc|accessdate=2009-08-06}}</ref>
According to "The Holocaust: The Jews in the County of Cracau" on Bukowsko near ] was the site of a "special camp" in 1942. The camp was used to hold Jews from the ], ] and Dobromil powiats, that is if they weren't shot in their village or taken to the work camp in ], 30 km east of Bukowsko. Bukowsko also had a labor camp which existed from August to Oct. of 1942. The Jews, 60 on average, carried out road construction. These Jews were then sent to Zaslaw. Apparently at least 13,000 people were held at Zasław and then transported to ]. The old people were shot in the woods near Zasław.
] in 1946]]
After the Nazis had captured the town, Jewish homes and shops were robbed by the civilians from neighbouring towns. In the spring of 1942, 804 Jews of Bukowsko and over 300 of the surrounding villages were put into a ]. Out of that number over 100 were shot on the local (Jewish) cemetery. The rest were transported to the camp in ]. None of the prayer houses survived the war. Only a few {{transliteration|he|]}} remained on the cemetery.<ref>]. ''Podkarpackie judaica''. Związek Gmin Brzozowskich i Muzeum Regionalne PTTK im. Adama Fastnachta w Brzozowie. 1993. p. 59</ref> Bukowsko also had a ] which existed from August to October 1942. The Jews, 60 on average, carried out road construction.


An April 1946 ''New York Times'' article reported that on 4 April 1946, 389 of the 400 buildings in the village were burned down and 3,000 people were made homeless by a force of ] and German deserters operating in the area who had a few days earlier demanded, but not received, a payment of 1 million ].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1946/04/18/archives/3000-in-rebel-band-terrorize-galicia-ukrainian-nationalistsgerman.html?sq=banderowce&scp=1&st=cse | title=3,000 in Rebel Band Terrorize Galicia | work=New York Times | date=April 18, 1946 | accessdate=March 18, 2012}}</ref> The village was also burned in whole or in part January, March and November 1946. Only over a dozen years after the war the village started to rebuild.
== Population ==
* 1899 - 1893 Poles, 833 Jews
* 1932 - 2325 ], 650 ], 5 ].
* 2005 - 1500 Poles


== Geography == == Geography ==
The ] lies at an ] of 482 metres and covers an ] of 8.3 km². It has a ] of about 1500 people. The village of Bukowsko lies in a valley of the Sanoczek river in northeastern Poland. The hills of the ] mountain range are typical for this countryside.Time zone: ]/Summer] The ] lies at an ] of {{convert|482|m|0|abbr=off}} ] and covers an ] of {{convert|8.3|km2|1|abbr=off}}. It has a ] of about 1500 people. The village of Bukowsko lies in a valley of the Sanoczek river in southeastern Poland. The hills of the ] ] are typical for this countryside. Time zone: ]/Summer]
Village parts: Dział; Sanoczek; Łaźniakowa Góra; Podwapienne; Pasieki. Village parts: Dział; Sanoczek; Łaźniakowa Góra; Podwapienne; Pasieki.


==International relations==
== Twin cities ==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}
* ]
* ]


===Twin towns — Sister cities===
{{clear}}
Bukowsko is ] with:
*{{flagicon|SVK}} ], ]
*{{flagicon|FRA}} ], ]


==Notable residents==
==Personalia==
* ] * Rabbi ], first ] ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ], (]) * ], (])


==Hiking trails== ==Hiking trails==
*] *]


== See also == == References ==
{{Reflist}}
* ]
** ]


==Literature== ==Literature==
* Prof. ]. Slownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziemi Sanockiej w Średniowieczu (Historic-Geographic Dictionary of the Sanok District in the Middle Ages), Kraków, 2002, ISBN 83-88385-14-3. * Prof. ]. Slownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziemi Sanockiej w Średniowieczu (Historic-Geographic Dictionary of the Sanok District in the Middle Ages), Kraków, 2002, {{ISBN|83-88385-14-3}}.
*] "W Gminie Bukowsko". Roksana, 2004, ISBN 83-7343-150-0. Translated by ]. Arlington, TX 76016. * Jerzy Zuba. "W Gminie Bukowsko." Roksana, 2004, {{ISBN|83-7343-150-0}} (Polish). English translation, Deborah Greenlee, Editor, 2005, Arlington, TX 76016.

==Rural landscape pictures==
{|
|]
|]
|]
|]
|]
|]
|]
|}

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
]. Dedication and blessing of a memorial to those who died during WWII; 1939-1948.]]


== External links == == External links ==
* Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich. Warszawa. 1876. (''digital edition'') * Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich. Warsaw. 1876. (''digital edition'')
*
*
*
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *


<br>
{{Gmina Bukowsko}} {{Gmina Bukowsko}}
{{Authority control}}


] ]
]
]


]
]
] ]
]
]

Latest revision as of 20:20, 21 December 2024

Village in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland
Bukowsko
Village
Main street in Bukowsko, Catholic Church and city bank.Main street in Bukowsko, Catholic Church and city bank.
Coat of arms of BukowskoCoat of arms
Etymology: Its name comes from the Slavic word buk, meaning "beech" (beech wood)
Bukowsko is located in PolandBukowskoBukowsko
Coordinates: 49°28′44″N 22°03′37″E / 49.47889°N 22.06028°E / 49.47889; 22.06028
Country Poland
Voivodeship Subcarpathian
CountySanok
GminaBukowsko
First mentioned1361
Area
 • Total8.2 km (3.2 sq mi)
Elevation340 m (1,120 ft)
Population
 • Total1,500
 • Density180/km (470/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code38 504
Car plateKUS, RSA
Websitehttp://www.bukowsko.pl

Bukowsko (Polish: [buˈkɔfskɔ]) is a village in Sanok County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland. It lies in the Bukowsko Upland mountains. During the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth it was in Lesser Poland prowincja.

Characteristics

Bukowsko is the administrative and cultural centre of the Gmina Bukowsko. It is crossed by the rail road connecting it with Slovakia. It is especially the private sector and service industries that are developing rapidly at this time.

It is home to the Uniwersytet Ludowy, opened in 2005, which contains many artworks and effects of the folk handworks inspiration. Bukowsko is situated in the poorest region of Poland.

History

Settled in prehistoric times, the southern-eastern Poland region that is now Podkarpacie was overrun in pre-Roman times by various tribes, including the Celts, Goths and Vandals (Przeworsk culture). After the fall of the Roman Empire, of which most of south-eastern Poland was part (all parts below the San), the area was invaded by Hungarians and Slavs.

The region subsequently became part of the Great Moravian state. Upon the invasion of the Hungarian tribes into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the Lendians of the area declared their allegiance to Hungarian Empire. The region then became a site of contention between Poland, Kievan Rus and Hungary starting in at least the 9th century. This area was mentioned for the first time in 981 (by Nestor), when Volodymyr the Great of Kievan Rus took the area over on the way into Poland. In 1018 it returned to Poland, 1031 back to Rus, in 1340 Casimir III of Poland recovered it.

In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1361. During 966–1018, 1340–1772 (Ruthenian Voivodeship) and during 1918–39 Bukowsko was part of Poland. While during 1772–1918 it belonged to Austrian empire, later Austrian-Hungarian empire when double monarchy was introduced in Austria. This part of Poland was controlled by Austria for almost 120 years. At that time the area (including west and east of Subcarpathian Voivodship) was known as Galicia. It was given the Magdeburg law in 1768. In 1785 the village lands comprised 6.5 km (2.5 sq mi). There were 700 Catholics. In 1864 Rabbi Shlomo Halberstam was appointed as rabbi of the Jewish community of Bukowsko. He held this position until 1879.

The city of Bukowsko burned down by the UPA in 1946

After the Nazis had captured the town, Jewish homes and shops were robbed by the civilians from neighbouring towns. In the spring of 1942, 804 Jews of Bukowsko and over 300 of the surrounding villages were put into a ghetto. Out of that number over 100 were shot on the local (Jewish) cemetery. The rest were transported to the camp in Zwangsarbeitslager Zaslaw. None of the prayer houses survived the war. Only a few matzevahs remained on the cemetery. Bukowsko also had a labour camp which existed from August to October 1942. The Jews, 60 on average, carried out road construction.

An April 1946 New York Times article reported that on 4 April 1946, 389 of the 400 buildings in the village were burned down and 3,000 people were made homeless by a force of Ukrainian nationalists and German deserters operating in the area who had a few days earlier demanded, but not received, a payment of 1 million złoty. The village was also burned in whole or in part January, March and November 1946. Only over a dozen years after the war the village started to rebuild.

Geography

The municipality lies at an altitude of 482 metres (1,581 feet) above sea level and covers an area of 8.3 square kilometres (3.2 square miles). It has a population of about 1500 people. The village of Bukowsko lies in a valley of the Sanoczek river in southeastern Poland. The hills of the Bieszczady mountain range are typical for this countryside. Time zone: UTC+1/SummerUTC+2 Village parts: Dział; Sanoczek; Łaźniakowa Góra; Podwapienne; Pasieki.

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Twin towns — Sister cities

Bukowsko is twinned with:

Notable residents

Hiking trails

References

  1. "Memories of my town Bukowsk". JewishGen.Org, Inc. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
  2. Andrzej Potocki. Podkarpackie judaica. Związek Gmin Brzozowskich i Muzeum Regionalne PTTK im. Adama Fastnachta w Brzozowie. 1993. p. 59
  3. "3,000 in Rebel Band Terrorize Galicia". New York Times. April 18, 1946. Retrieved March 18, 2012.

Literature

  • Prof. Adam Fastnacht. Slownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziemi Sanockiej w Średniowieczu (Historic-Geographic Dictionary of the Sanok District in the Middle Ages), Kraków, 2002, ISBN 83-88385-14-3.
  • Jerzy Zuba. "W Gminie Bukowsko." Roksana, 2004, ISBN 83-7343-150-0 (Polish). English translation, Deborah Greenlee, Editor, 2005, Arlington, TX 76016.

External links

Gmina Bukowsko
Seat
Other villages
Categories: