Revision as of 21:30, 27 October 2005 view sourceEvrik (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers88,476 editsm RV: Do a google seach: http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=philadelphia+county ** The phila.gov website shows up. There is no separate county entity← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 14:42, 24 December 2024 view source Remsense (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Page movers, New page reviewers, Template editors58,666 editsm Reverted 1 edit by 197-Countryballs-World (talk) to last revision by SirfurboyTags: Twinkle Undo | ||
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{{Short description|Largest city in Pennsylvania, United States}} | |||
{{redirect|Philadelphia}} | |||
{{Hatnote group| | |||
] ]] | |||
{{Redirect-distinguish|Philly|Filly|Filadelfia|Philadelphi}} | |||
'''Philadelphia''' (sometimes referred to as "'''Philly'''" or "'''the City of Brotherly Love'''") is the fifth most populous ] in the ] and the largest city in the Commonwealth of ], both in area and population. Since ], the city has occupied all of ''']'''.{{GR|6}} As of ], ], the population estimate for the city was 1,470,151. | |||
{{Other uses|Philly (disambiguation)||Philadelphia (disambiguation)}} | |||
}} | |||
{{pp-semi-indef}} | |||
{{pp-move}} | |||
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}} | |||
{{Infobox settlement | |||
| name = Philadelphia | |||
| settlement_type = ] | |||
| etymology = ]: ] ''phílos'' (beloved, dear) and ] ''adelphós'' (brother, brotherly)<br/>———-———<br/> | |||
| image_skyline = {{multiple image | |||
| border = infobox | |||
| total_width = 290 | |||
| perrow = 1/2/2/1 | |||
| caption_align = center | |||
| image1 = Philadelphia skyline from South Street Bridge January 2020 (rotate 2 degrees perspective correction crop 4-1).jpg | |||
| alt1 = Skyline of Center City | |||
| caption1 = Skyline of ] | |||
| image2 = Independence National Historical Park INDE0004 b.jpg | |||
| alt2 = Independence National Historical Park | |||
| caption2 = ] | |||
| image3 = Philadelphia City Hall, aerial view, cropped.png | |||
| alt3 = Philadelphia City Hall | |||
| caption3 = ] | |||
| image4 = Silverliner_V_SEPTA-811-philadelphia-22-6-2012-fws.jpg | |||
| alt4 = Train in station | |||
| caption4 = ] Rail | |||
| image5 = Elfreth's Alley (53572700168).jpg | |||
| alt5 = Elfreth's Alley | |||
| caption5 = ] | |||
| image6 = PhiladelphiaMuseumOfArt2017.jpg | |||
| alt6 = Philadelphia Museum of Art | |||
| caption6 = ] | |||
}} | |||
| nickname = "Philly", "The City of Brotherly Love", ] | |||
| motto = "Philadelphia maneto" ("Let brotherly love endure" or "... continue")<ref>{{cite web|last=Robinson|first=Sam|date=November 5, 2013|url=https://hiddencityphila.org/2013/11/behind-philadelphia-maneto-dissecting-the-city-seal|title=Behind Philadelphia Maneto: Dissecting The City Seal|website=Hidden City Philadelphia|access-date=January 18, 2018|archive-date=January 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119040015/https://hiddencityphila.org/2013/11/behind-philadelphia-maneto-dissecting-the-city-seal/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=McDevitt|first=John|date=May 5, 2015|url=http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2015/05/05/plaque-dedication-marks-120th-anniversary-of-creation-of-philadelphias-flag/|title=Plaque Dedication Marks 120th Anniversary of Creation of Philadelphia's Flag|website=CBS Broadcasting Inc.|access-date=January 18, 2018|archive-date=January 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119035613/http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2015/05/05/plaque-dedication-marks-120th-anniversary-of-creation-of-philadelphias-flag/|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
| image_flag = Flag of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.svg | |||
| image_seal = Seal of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.svg | |||
| image_blank_emblem = City of Philadelphia Logo.svg | |||
| blank_emblem_size = 150px | |||
| blank_emblem_type = Logo | |||
| image_map = {{infobox mapframe|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=250|frame-height=300|zoom=8|frame-lat=39.953|frame-long=-75.164|type=shape-inverse|id=Q1345| title=Philadelphia}} | |||
| mapsize = | |||
| map_caption = Interactive map outlining Philadelphia | |||
| pushpin_map = Pennsylvania#USA#North America#Earth | |||
| pushpin_relief = yes | |||
| pushpin_label_position = left | |||
| pushpin_label = {{nowrap|Philadelphia}} | |||
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the ]##Location within the ] ##Location in ]##Location on ] | |||
| coordinates = {{coord|39.9528|N|75.1636|W|region:US-PA|display=inline, title}} | |||
| subdivision_type = Country | |||
| subdivision_type2 = State | |||
| subdivision_type3 = ] | |||
| subdivision_name = United States | |||
| subdivision_name2 = ] | |||
| subdivision_name3 = ] | |||
| subdivision_type4 = Historic countries | |||
| subdivision_name4 = ]<br />]<br />]<br />]<br />] | |||
| subdivision_type5 = ] | |||
| subdivision_name5 = ] | |||
| government_type = ], ] | |||
| governing_body = ] | |||
| leader_title = ] | |||
| leader_name = ] (]) | |||
| established_title = Founded | |||
| established_title1 = ] | |||
| established_date = {{Start date and age|1682}}<ref name=weigley/><!-- ref states early 1862 for first land purchase and summer 1682 for initial survey by Penn's surveyor-general, Thomas Holme, before Penn's arrival in October; no exact dates are given --> | |||
| established_date1 = October 25, 1701 | |||
| founder = ] | |||
| unit_pref = Imperial | |||
| area_total_sq_mi = 142.70 | |||
| area_total_km2 = 369.59 | |||
| area_land_sq_mi = 134.36 | |||
| area_land_km2 = 347.98 | |||
| area_water_sq_mi = 8.34 | |||
| area_water_km2 = 21.61 | |||
| population_as_of = ] | |||
| population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:42&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 16, 2022|archive-date=November 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109154513/https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:42&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
| population_total = 1,603,797 | |||
| population_est = 1,567,258 | |||
| pop_est_as_of = 2022 | |||
| pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="QuickFacts city">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/philadelphiacitypennsylvania/PST045222|title=QuickFacts: Philadelphia city, Pennsylvania|website=census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 14, 2023|archive-date=January 31, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131031345/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/philadelphiacitypennsylvania/PST045222|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
| population_rank = ] in North America<br />] in the United States<br />] in Pennsylvania | |||
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="2020Pop">{{cite web |title=2020 Population and Housing State Data |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 22, 2021 |archive-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824081449/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
| population_metro = 6245051 (US: ]) | |||
| population_density_sq_mi = 11936.92 | |||
| population_density_km2 = 4608.86 | |||
| population_urban = 5,696,125 (US: ]) | |||
| population_density_urban_km2 = 1,158.6 | |||
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 3,000.8 | |||
| population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="urban area">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html|title=List of 2020 Census Urban Areas|website=census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 8, 2023|archive-date=January 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114022812/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
| population_demonym = Philadelphian | |||
| demographics_type2 = GDP | |||
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name=PhiladelphiaMetroGDP>{{Cite web |title= Total Gross Domestic Product for Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD (MSA) |url= https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP37980 |website= fred.stlouisfed.org |access-date= January 3, 2024 |archive-date= January 10, 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240110135225/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP37980 |url-status= live }}</ref> | |||
| demographics2_title1 = Philadelphia (MSA) | |||
| demographics2_info1 = $518.5 billion (2022) | |||
| timezone = ] | |||
| utc_offset = −5 | |||
| timezone_DST = ] | |||
| utc_offset_DST = −4 | |||
| postal_code_type = ]s | |||
| postal_code = 19092–19093, 19099, 191xx | |||
| area_codes = ] | |||
| elevation_m = 12 | |||
| elevation_ft = 39 | |||
| blank_name = ] | |||
| blank_info = 42-60000 | |||
| blank1_name = ] feature ID | |||
| blank1_info = 1215531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO::P3_FID,P3_TITLE:1215531,City%20of%20Philadelphia|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=]|date=February 2, 2015|archive-date=October 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027140852/https://www.usgs.gov/us-board-on-geographic-names/domestic-names?p=136%3A3%3A0%3A%3ANO%3A%3AP3_FID%2CP3_TITLE%3A1215531%2CCity%2520of%2520Philadelphia|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
| website = {{official URL}} | |||
| footnotes = | |||
| area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE%3D%2742%27&outFields=NAME%2CSTATE%2CPLACE%2CAREALAND%2CAREAWATER%2CLSADC%2CCENTLAT%2CCENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 16, 2022|archive-date=November 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109154513/https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE%3D%2742%27&outFields=NAME%2CSTATE%2CPLACE%2CAREALAND%2CAREAWATER%2CLSADC%2CCENTLAT%2CCENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
}} | |||
'''Philadelphia''', colloquially referred to as '''Philly''', is the ] in the ] of ]<ref name="QuickFacts">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts: Philadelphia city, Pennsylvania |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/philadelphiacitypennsylvania/POP010220 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 19, 2021 |archive-date=April 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412012650/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/philadelphiacitypennsylvania/POP010220 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the ], with a population of 1,603,797 in the ]. The city is the urban core of the larger ], also known as the Philadelphia metropolitan area, the nation's ] ] and seventh-largest ] with 6.245 million residents and 7.366 million residents, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|title=Population and housing state data|website=2020 U.S. census|access-date=August 23, 2021|archive-date=August 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824081449/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
The Philadelphia ] is the ] in the United States by the current official definition, with some 6.2 million people, though some other definitions place it sixth behind the ] and ]. Philadelphia is the central city for the ] metropolitan area. | |||
Philadelphia has played an ] in ]. The city was founded in 1682 by ], an ] ] and advocate of ], and served as the capital of the ] during the ].<ref name=weigley/><ref>{{cite book |last=Brookes |first=Karin |editor=Zoë Ross |title=Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings |edition=Second (Updated) |year=2005 |publisher=APA Publications |pages= |isbn=1-58573-026-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/insightguidephil00zoer/page/21 }}</ref> The city went on to play a historic and vital role during the ] and ], serving as the central meeting place for the ], hosting the ] in 1774, preserving the ], and hosting the ] during which the nation's 56 founders formed the ] and elected ] as its commander in 1775, and unanimously adopted the ] on July 4, 1776. For nine months, from September 1777 to June 1778, the city fell under ] during the war's ].<ref name="American Creation">{{cite book | author-link=Joseph Ellis | first=Joseph | last=Ellis | title=American Creation: Triumphs and Tragedies at the Founding of the Republic | location=New York | publisher=Knopf | date=2007 | isbn=978-0-307-26369-8 | pages=55–56}}</ref> In 1787, the ] was ratified in Philadelphia at the ]. Philadelphia remained the nation's largest city until 1790, and it served as the nation's first capital from May 10, 1775, until December 12, 1776, and on ] until 1800, when construction of the new national capital in ] was completed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 14, 2020 |title=How Philly lost the nation's capital to Washington |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/how-philly-lost-the-nations-capital-to-washington |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422180113/https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/how-philly-lost-the-nations-capital-to-washington |archive-date=April 22, 2021 |access-date=January 26, 2023 |website=National Constitution Center}}</ref> | |||
Philadelphia is one of the oldest and most historically significant cities in the ]. It has played a critical role in American history and the birth of American ], ], and ]. During part of the ], the city was the second ] and most populous city of the United States. At that time, it eclipsed ] and ] in political and social importance, with ] playing an extraordinary role in Philadelphia's rise. | |||
Philadelphia maintains extensive contemporary influence in ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Historic Attractions in Philadelphia |url=https://www.visitphilly.com/history-in-philadelphia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119183525/https://www.visitphilly.com/history-in-philadelphia/ |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |access-date=January 19, 2023 |website=Visit Philadelphia |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Philadelphia Convention & Visitors Bureau |date=February 22, 2006 |title=The Sounds of Philadelphia |url=http://www.pcvb.org/pressroom/view_kit.asp?ID=52 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060222133521/http://www.pcvb.org/pressroom/view_kit.asp?ID=52 |archive-date=February 22, 2006 |access-date=March 29, 2006 |website=Press Kit}}</ref> With ] in the city, Philadelphia is one of the nation's leading centers for higher education and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings-articles/qs-best-student-cities/philadelphia|title=Philadelphia|last=Tucker|first=Laura|date=November 25, 2014|publisher=QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited|access-date=October 11, 2015|archive-date=October 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016081925/http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings-articles/qs-best-student-cities/philadelphia|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=WHC>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/philadelphia-world-heritage-city-us-35026257|title=Philadelphia Becomes First World Heritage City in US|last=Sisak|first=Michael A.|date=November 6, 2015|publisher=ABC News Internet Ventures|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108030511/http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/philadelphia-world-heritage-city-us-35026257|archive-date=November 8, 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=November 6, 2015}}</ref> The city is a national cultural center, hosting more ] and murals than any other city in the nation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fpaa.org/about_gateway.html |title=Gateway to Public Art in Philadelphia |website=fpaa.org |publisher=] |date=August 10, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810153418/http://www.fpaa.org/about_gateway.html |archive-date=August 10, 2011 |url-status=dead |access-date=December 6, 2017 |quote=according to the Smithsonian Institution, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculpture than any other city in the country <nowiki>] program<nowiki>]</nowiki>.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.muralarts.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/MA_Press-Kit_FINAL_April2017-1.pdf |title=Mural Arts Philadelphia – Press kit |website=muralarts.org |publisher=] |access-date=December 6, 2017 |quote=Mural Arts Philadelphia is the nation's largest public art program...creating nearly 4,000 artworks that have transformed public spaces. |archive-date=December 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207083645/https://www.muralarts.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/MA_Press-Kit_FINAL_April2017-1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> ], when combined with adjacent ] in the same ], is {{convert|2052|acres}}, representing one of the nation's largest and the ] ].<ref name=tplrank>{{cite web|url=http://www.tpl.org/sites/default/files/files_upload/2014_CityParkFacts.pdf |title=2014 City Park Facts |pages=9, 25, 28 |website=tpl.org |publisher=The Trust for Public Land |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920120721/http://www.tpl.org/sites/default/files/files_upload/2014_CityParkFacts.pdf |archive-date=September 20, 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=January 6, 2017}}</ref> Philadelphia is known for its arts, ], ], and ] and Revolutionary-era history; in 2016, it attracted 42 million domestic tourists who spent $6.8 billion, representing $11 billion in economic impact to the city and its surrounding Pennsylvania counties.<ref name="Visit Philadelphia">{{cite web | url=http://files.visitphilly.com/Visit-Philadelphia-annual-report-2017.pdf | title=Visit Philadelphia 2017 Annual Report | page=6 | website=visitphilly.com | publisher=] | access-date=December 5, 2017 | archive-date=December 5, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205235746/http://files.visitphilly.com/Visit-Philadelphia-annual-report-2017.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> With ] and one of the nation's most loyal and passionate fan bases, Philadelphia is often ranked as the nation's best city for professional sports fans.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/218685-the-most-passionate-fans-in-sportsphiladelphia-fans|title=The most passionate fans in sports|website=Bleacher Report|date=July 16, 2009|access-date=October 24, 2022|archive-date=October 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024210352/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/218685-the-most-passionate-fans-in-sportsphiladelphia-fans|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thelibertyline.com/2022/07/13/jj-redick-best-sports-city-philadelphia/|title=JJ Redick says that Philadelphia is the best sports town in America despite Philly sports radio being delusional|website=The Liberty Line|date=September 24, 2020|access-date=October 24, 2022|archive-date=December 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201103631/https://thelibertyline.com/2022/07/13/jj-redick-best-sports-city-philadelphia/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.phillymag.com/news/2019/12/07/best-city-for-sports-fans/|title=Philadelphia is the best city for sports fans|journal=Philadelphia Magazine|date=December 7, 2019|first=Sandy|last=Hingston|access-date=October 24, 2022|archive-date=October 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024210343/https://www.phillymag.com/news/2019/12/07/best-city-for-sports-fans/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/phillies-eagles-diehard-bandwagon-fans-20221021.html|title=What Philly--and Philly sports fans--taught me about fandom|newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=October 21, 2022|first=Stephanie|last=Farr|access-date=October 24, 2022|archive-date=October 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024210343/https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/phillies-eagles-diehard-bandwagon-fans-20221021.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The city has a culturally and ] active ]. Philadelphia also has played an immensely ] in the development and evolution of American music, especially ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stanforddaily.com/2018/04/26/ziperski-philly-the-best-sports-city-in-america/|title=Philly: the best sports city in America|website=The Stanford Daily|date=April 26, 2018|first=Andrew|last=Ziperski|access-date=August 17, 2022|archive-date=August 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817234601/https://stanforddaily.com/2018/04/26/ziperski-philly-the-best-sports-city-in-america/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.phillyvoice.com/jj-redick-sixers-76ers-philly-sports-town-nba-summer-league/|title=JJ Redick calls Philly 'the greatest sports town in America|website=Philly Voice|date=July 13, 2022|first=Nick|last=Tricome|access-date=August 17, 2022|archive-date=August 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817234559/https://www.phillyvoice.com/jj-redick-sixers-76ers-philly-sports-town-nba-summer-league/|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
The city limits have been coterminous with Philadelphia County since The ] in ]. Prior to that, the city of Philadelphia consisted only of those areas between South Street, Vine Street, the ], and the ]. The city's expansion incorporated the neighborhoods of ], ], ], and ], as well as smaller communities such as ], ], ] and ]. | |||
{{As of|2022}}, the Philadelphia metropolitan area had a ] of US$518.5 billion<ref name=PhiladelphiaMetroGDP/> and is home to five ] corporate headquarters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fortune.com/fortune500/search/hqcity=Philadelphia|title="Fortune 500" (by city)|website=Fortune|year=2022|access-date=October 24, 2022}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Metropolitan Philadelphia ranks as one of the Big Five U.S. ] hubs, facilitated by its geographic proximity to both the ] and ] of ] and to the ] environment of Washington, D.C.<ref name=PhillyVentureCapitalHub>{{cite web|url=https://nvca.org/document/q2-2024-pitchbook-nvca-venture-monitor/|title=Q2 2024|publisher=PitchBook-NVCA Venture Monitor|date=July 11, 2024|access-date=July 11, 2024|archive-date=July 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711203805/https://nvca.org/document/q2-2024-pitchbook-nvca-venture-monitor/|url-status=live}}</ref> Greater Philadelphia is also a ] hub. The ], owned by ] since 2008, is the nation's oldest stock exchange and a global leader in ] trading.<ref name=PhiladelphiaSemiconductorIndex>{{cite web|url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/soxx.asp|title=Philadelphia Semiconductor Index (SOX)|author=Lucas Downey and Somer Anderson|publisher=]|date=May 19, 2022|accessdate=July 17, 2022|archive-date=July 18, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718013108/https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/soxx.asp|url-status=live}}</ref> ], the city's primary rail station, is the ] in the nation, and the city's ] and ] infrastructure also includes ], a major ] gateway and transcontinental hub;<ref name=PhillyMajorTransAtlanticHub>{{cite web|url=https://www.phl.org/newsroom/AA-CPH|publisher=Philadelphia International Airport|access-date=June 15, 2024|title=American Airlines and PHL Airport Celebrate Further Transatlantic Growth with New Service to Copenhagen|quote=“American Airlines is proud to offer unparalleled access to some of the most popular European vacation destinations from Philadelphia, which serves as the airline’s transatlantic gateway,” said Lakshman Amaranayaka, American Airlines Vice President of PHL Hub Operations.|archive-date=June 15, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615051927/https://www.phl.org/newsroom/AA-CPH|url-status=live}}</ref> the rapidly-growing ];<ref name=RapidlyGrowingPhiladelphiaSeaport>{{cite web|url=https://www.philaport.com/|title=PhilaPort The Port of Philadelphia|publisher=Philadelphia Regional Port Authority|access-date=August 14, 2023|archive-date=August 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814130732/https://www.philaport.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> and ], the spine of the north–south highway system along the ]. | |||
Philadelphia is also one of the largest ]/] towns in the United States with over 120,000 students studying within the city limits alone and nearly 300,000 total college and university students in the metropolitan area. | |||
Philadelphia is a city of many firsts, including the nation's first ] (1731),<ref name="Firsts">{{cite web | url=http://www.ushistory.org/philadelphia/philadelphiafirsts.html | title=Philadelphia Firsts 1681–1899 | publisher=USHistory | access-date=April 30, 2015 | archive-date=February 17, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217233358/http://www.ushistory.org/philadelphia/philadelphiafirsts.html | url-status=live }}</ref> ] (1751),<ref name="Firsts" /> ] (1765),<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/people/morgan_john.html |title=John Morgan (1735–1789) |encyclopedia=Penn in the 18th Century |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703234451/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/people/morgan_john.html |archive-date=July 3, 2008}}</ref> ] (1774),<ref name=senate>{{cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm|title=The Nine Capitals of the United States|publisher=]|access-date=December 5, 2017|archive-date=March 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320084755/https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ] (1779),<ref name="web.archive.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/genlhistory/firstuniv.html |title=The University of Pennsylvania: America's First University |website=upenn.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060711051514/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/genlhistory/firstuniv.html |archive-date=July 11, 2006 |access-date=July 12, 2021}}</ref> ] (1781),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Michener |first1=John H. |title=The Bank of North America, Philadelphia, a national bank, founded 1781 |year=1906 |page=37 |url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924032535753#page/n49/mode/2up |access-date=March 17, 2016 |publisher=R. G. Cooke, Inc. |location=New York |id=HG21613.P54}}</ref> ] (1790),<ref name="Firsts" /> ] (1874),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philadelphiazoo.org/About-the-Zoo.aspx |title=About the Philadelphia Zoo |publisher=Philadelphia Zoo |access-date=April 30, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330192449/http://www.philadelphiazoo.org/About-the-Zoo.aspx |archive-date=March 30, 2015 }}</ref> and ] (1881).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.wharton.upenn.edu/about-wharton/ | title=About Wharton | publisher=The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania | access-date=April 30, 2015 | archive-date=July 1, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701074158/http://www.wharton.upenn.edu/about-wharton/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Philadelphia contains 67 ], including ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/78|title=Independence Hall|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|access-date=December 26, 2019|archive-date=March 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319144322/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/78/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ovpm.org/en/regional_secretariats/news/philadelphias_new_branding_world_heritage_city|title=\Philadelphia's new branding as World Heritage City|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306142355/https://www.ovpm.org/en/regional_secretariats/news/philadelphias_new_branding_world_heritage_city | archive-date=March 6, 2018 | website=Organization of World Heritage Cities|access-date=March 5, 2018}}</ref><ref name=WHC/> From the city's 17th century founding through the present, Philadelphia has been the birthplace or home to an extensive number of ]. | |||
{{Template:US City infobox| | |||
{{TOC limit}} | |||
city = Philadelphia | | |||
state = Pennsylvania | | |||
motto = | | |||
nickname = "City of Brotherly Love" | | |||
flag = US_PA_PHIL.JPG | | |||
seal = Philadelphia City Seal Color.jpg | | |||
map = Map_of_Pennsylvania_highlighting_Philadelphia_County.png | | |||
map size = | | |||
map cap = Location in ]| | |||
founded = ], ] | | |||
incorporated = ], ] | | |||
county = ] | | |||
mayor = ] (]) | | |||
area = 349.9 ] (135.1 ]) | | |||
area water = 19.6 km² (7.6 mi²) | | |||
area percentage = 5.29%| | |||
census yr = 2004| | |||
city pop = 1,470,151| | |||
metro pop = 5,751,803| | |||
density = 4,337.3| | |||
time zone = Eastern| | |||
utc = 5| | |||
north_coord = 39.9533 | | |||
west_coord = 75.1634| | |||
web = www.phila.gov| | |||
|}} | |||
== |
==History== | ||
{{Main|History of Philadelphia}} | |||
Before Europeans arrived, the ] Indian town of ] was located where Philadelphia now stands, specifically, the ] neighborhood. In ], Swedish colonists became the first Europeans to settle the area (see ]), calling it Wiccacoa. A congregation was formed in ] on Tinicum Island by Swedish missionary Johannes Campanius. In ], the group built the Gloria Dei Church, also known as ''Old Swedes''. | |||
{{For timeline|Timeline of Philadelphia}} | |||
{{See also|List of National Historic Landmarks in Philadelphia|National Register of Historic Places listings in Philadelphia}} | |||
===Native peoples=== | |||
Philadelphia is a ] founded and developed by ], a ]. The city's name means "city of brotherly love" in Greek (Φιλαδέλφια). Penn hoped that the city, as the capital of his new colony founded on principles of freedom and religious tolerance, would be a model of this philosophy. During early immigration by Quakers and others, when immigrants purchased land in the city, they also received farm land outside of the city. This was intended to allow the city's population to leave the city easily. Penn also required lots of alleyways and open spaces in hopes of controlling fires and disease, which were then common problems in ] and other major cities. | |||
Prior to the arrival of Europeans in the early 17th century, the Philadelphia area was home to the ] ] in the village of ]. They were also called the Delaware Indians,<ref name=josephy>Josephy 188–189</ref> and their historical territory was along the ] ], western ], and the ].{{efn|1= Description of the Lenape peoples (Delaware nations) historic territories inside the ] of the frequently mountainous ] flanking the ]'s ]. These terrains encompass from South to North and then counter-clockwise: | |||
. | |||
{{hlist | |||
] | |||
| the shores from the east-shore mouth of the river and the sea coast to Western Long Island (all of both colonial ] and ]), and | |||
Philadelphia was a major center of the independence movement during the ]. The ] and ] were drafted in Philadelphia and signed in the city's ]. The ] also began here on Nov. 10, ] when ] began recruiting men at ]. | |||
| portions of Western Connecticut up to the latitude of the Massachusetts corner of today's boundaries{{mdash }}making the eastern bounds of their influence, thence their region extended: | |||
| westerly past the region around ] to the ] side of the ], then | |||
| southerly through the eastern ] outside the rival ] lands past ] then southerly past the site of ] past the west bank mouth of the Delaware and extending south from that point along a stretch of sea coast in northern colonial ]. | |||
}} | |||
The ]-] system's ] divided the frequently contested hunting grounds between the rival ] peoples and the Lenape peoples, and the Catskills and Berkshires played a similar boundary role in the northern regions of their original colonial era range.}} Most Lenape were pushed out of the region during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, exacerbated by losses from intertribal conflicts.<ref name=josephy/> Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly ], and conflict with Europeans. The ] occasionally fought the Lenape. Surviving Lenape moved west into the upper ] basin. Following the ] and subsequent formation of an independent United States, the Lenape began moving further west. In the 1860s, the United States government sent most remaining Lenape in the ] to the ] in present-day ] and surrounding territories as part of the ] policy. | |||
For a time in the ], Philadelphia was the largest city in ] north of ], and was the fourth largest city under Crown rule (after ], ], and ]). | |||
===Colonial=== | |||
In ], as the result of a compromise between a number of Southern congressmen and ], then serving as ], the seat of the ] was temporarily moved from ] in ] to ] in Philadelphia before taking its current residence in ]. In exchange for locating a permanent capital on the banks of the Potomac River, the congressmen agreed to support Hamilton's financial proposals. Philadelphia served as the temporary capital for a decade, until ], when the ] in the new Federal city of ] was opened. | |||
] (holding paper) and ] depicted in ''The Birth of Pennsylvania 1680'' by ]]] | |||
] with the ] tribe depicted in '']'', a 1772 portrait by ]]] | |||
], believed to be the city's first map|alt=A Portraiture of the City of Philadelphia, by Thomas Holme]] | |||
Europeans first entered Philadelphia and the surrounding ] in the early 17th century. The first settlements were founded by ], who built ] on the ] in 1623 in what is now ]. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their ] colony. In 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of ] at ], located in present-day ], and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the ]s in their war against ] colonists.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jennings|first=Francis|year=1984|title=The Ambiguous Iroquois|location=New York|publisher=Norton|isbn=0-393-01719-2}}</ref> In 1648, the Dutch built ] on the west bank of the Delaware, south of the ] near the present-day ] section of Philadelphia, to reassert their dominion over the area. The ] responded by building ], or New ], named after a town in ] with a Swedish majority. | |||
In 1655, a ] campaign led by New Netherland Director-General ] took control of the Swedish colony, ending its claim to independence. The Swedish and ] settlers continued to have their own ], religion, and court, and to enjoy substantial autonomy under the Dutch. An English fleet captured the New Netherland colony in 1664, though the situation did not change substantially until 1682, when the area was included in ]'s charter for Pennsylvania.<ref>{{Citation |author-last1=Brookes |author-first1=Karin |author-first2=John |author-last2=Gattuso |author-first3=Lou |author-last3=Harry |author-first4=Edward |author-last4=Jardim |author-first5=Donald |author-last5=Kraybill |author-first6=Susan |author-last6=Lewis |author-first7=Dave |author-last7=Nelson |author-first8=Carol |author-last8=Turkington |editor-first=Zoë |editor-last=Ross |title=Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings |edition=Second (Updated) |year=2005 |publisher=APA Publications |pages= |isbn=1-58573-026-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/insightguidephil00zoer/page/21 }}</ref> | |||
] | |||
In 1681, in partial repayment of a debt, ] granted Penn a ] for what would become the ]. Despite the royal charter, Penn bought the land from the local ] in an effort to establish good terms with the Native Americans and ensure peace for the colony.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings |page=21}}</ref> Penn made a ] with Lenape chief ] under an elm tree at ], in what is now the city's ] neighborhood.<ref name=weigley>{{Cite book | |||
An early railroad center, Philadelphia was the original home of the ], the world's largest builder of steam locomotives, which eventually relocated to nearby ]). The ], once America's largest railroad by revenue and traffic volume and at one time the largest public corporation in the world, was headquartered on Broad Street, as was its merger successor, the ], and in turn its freight railroad successor, ]. | |||
|author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> | |||
|editor-first = RF | |||
|editor-last = Weigley | |||
|title = Philadelphia: A 300-Year History | |||
|publisher = ] | |||
|year = 1982 | |||
|location = New York and London | |||
|pages = | |||
|isbn = 0-393-01610-2 | |||
|oclc = 8532897 | |||
|display-editors = etal | |||
|url = https://archive.org/details/philadelphia300y00weig/page/4 | |||
}}</ref> Penn named the city Philadelphia, which is ] for "brotherly love", derived from the ] terms ] ''phílos'' (beloved, dear) and ] ''adelphós'' (brother, brotherly). There were a number of cities named '']'' in the ] during the Greek and Roman periods, including modern ], mentioned as the site of an early Christian congregation in the ]. As a ], Penn had experienced ] and wanted his colony to be a place where anyone could worship freely. This tolerance, which exceeded that of other colonies, led to better relations with the local native tribes and fostered Philadelphia's rapid growth into America's most important city.<ref>{{Cite book | |||
|last = Avery | |||
|first = Ron | |||
|title = A Concise History of Philadelphia | |||
|publisher = Otis Books | |||
|year = 1999 | |||
|location = Philadelphia | |||
|page = | |||
|isbn = 0-9658825-1-9 | |||
|url = https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0000aver/page/19 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
Penn planned a city on the Delaware River to serve as a port and place for government. Hoping that Philadelphia would become more like an English rural town instead of a city, Penn laid out roads on a ] to keep houses and businesses spread far apart with areas for gardens and ]s. | |||
In ] Philadelphia hosted the ], known as the ]. Memorial Hall and the expansive mall in front of it are remnants of this fair. | |||
The city's inhabitants did not follow Penn's plans, however, and instead crowded the present-day ] on the Delaware River and subdivided and resold their lots.<ref>{{cite book | |||
In ], the city held the ], but Philadelphia was not the central focus of the ] observances that took place nationwide in the ] in ], a distinction that went to ]. | |||
|author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> | |||
|editor-first = RF | |||
|editor-last = Weigley | |||
|title = Philadelphia: A 300-Year History | |||
|publisher = ] | |||
|year = 1982 | |||
|location = New York and London | |||
|pages = 7, 14–16 | |||
|isbn = 0-393-01610-2 | |||
|oclc = 8532897 | |||
|display-editors = etal | |||
|url = https://archive.org/details/philadelphia300y00weig/page/7 | |||
}}</ref> Before Penn left Philadelphia for the final time, he issued the Charter of 1701 establishing it as a city. Though poor at first, Philadelphia became an important trading center with tolerable living conditions by the 1750s. ], a leading citizen, helped improve city services and founded new ones that were among the first in the nation, including a ], ], and ]. | |||
A number of ] were formed, which were centers of the city's intellectual life, including the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture (1785), the Pennsylvania Society for the Encouragement of Manufactures and the Useful Arts (1787), the ] (1812), and the ] (1824).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://explorepahistory.com/story.php?storyId=35&chapter=2 |title=Explore PA History website |publisher=Explorepahistory.com |access-date=December 23, 2010 |archive-date=December 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215022801/http://explorepahistory.com/story.php?storyId=35&chapter=2 |url-status=live }}</ref> These societies developed and financed new industries that attracted skilled and knowledgeable immigrants from Europe. | |||
].</center>]] | |||
===American Revolution=== | |||
==Geography and climate== | |||
{{See also|Pennsylvania in the American Revolution|Philadelphia campaign}} | |||
]'s ] satellite. The ] is visible in this shot.]] | |||
] presenting their draft of the ] in ] on June 28, 1776, depicted in ] by ]; historian ] called the Declaration "the most potent and consequential words in American history."<ref>John Hazelton, ''The Historical Value of Trumbull's: Declaration of Independence'', ], volume 31 (Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1907), 38.</ref>]] | |||
Philadelphia is located at {{coor dms|39|59|53|N|75|8|41|W|region:GR|1}}. | |||
] on ] served as the presidential mansion for the nation's first two ], ] and ], from 1790 to 1800 prior to the completion of the ] and the development of ] as the nation's new capital.]] | |||
] on ] between 5th and 6th streets, where the ] was signed and the ] was ratified, on July 4, 1776, and June 21, 1788, respectively]] | |||
Philadelphia's importance and central location in the colonies made it a natural center for ]. By the 1750s, Philadelphia surpassed ] as the largest city and busiest ] in ], and the second-largest city in the entire ] after ].<ref>{{cite book|last=Lew|first=Alan A.|title=Geography: USA|year=2004|chapter-url=http://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch4.html|publisher=Northern Arizona University|chapter=Chapter 4 – The Mid-Atlantic and Megalopolis|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202002258/http://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch4.html|archive-date=February 2, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Robert Morris: Financier of the American Revolution |last=Rappleye |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Rappleye |year=2010 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-4165-7091-2 |page= |url=https://archive.org/details/robertm_rap_2010_00_1148/page/13 }}</ref> In 1774, as resentment of ] practices and support for independence was burgeoning in the colonies, Philadelphia hosted the ]. | |||
From 1775 to 1781, Philadelphia hosted the ],<ref name=WDL1>{{cite web|title=View of Philadelphia, Circa 1770|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9578/|work=]|year=1770|publisher=]|access-date=January 4, 2014|archive-date=January 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104205330/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9578/|url-status=live}}</ref> which adopted the ] in what was then called the ] and was later renamed Independence Hall. Historian ], in 2007, described the Declaration of Independence, written predominantly by ], as "the most potent and consequential words in American history,"<ref name="American Creation"/> and its adoption represented a declaration of war against the ], which was then the world's most powerful military force. Since the Declaration's July 4, 1776, adoption, its signing has been cited globally and repeatedly by various peoples of the world seeking independence and liberty. It also has been, since its adoption, the basis for annual celebration by Americans; in 1938, this celebration of the Declaration was formalized as ], one of only ]. | |||
According to the ], the city has a total area of 369.4 ] (142.6 ]). 349.9 km² (135.1 mi²) of it is land and 19.6 km² (7.6 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 5.29% water. Bodies of water include the ], ], ], ], and ]. | |||
After ]'s defeat at the ] in ], on September 11, 1777, during the ], the revolutionary capital of Philadelphia was defenseless and the city prepared for what was perceived to be an inevitable British attack. Because bells could easily be recast into munitions, the ], then known as the Pennsylvania State Bell, and bells from two Philadelphia churches, ] and ], were hastily taken down and transported by heavily guarded wagon train out of the city. The Liberty Bell was taken to ] in Northampton Town, which is present-day ], where it was hidden under the church's floor boards for nine months from September 1777 until the British Army's departure from Philadelphia in June 1778.<ref>Nash, p. 19</ref> Two Revolutionary War battles, the ], fought between September 26 and November 16, 1777, and the ], fought on October 4, 1777, took place within Philadelphia's city limits. | |||
The lowest point in the city is 10 feet above sea level near ] in Southwest Philadelphia at the convergence of the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers. The highest point in the city is Chestnut Hill, with an elevation of 432 feet above sea level located near Evergreen Place, just north and west of Evergreen Avenue. | |||
In Philadelphia, the Second Continental Congress adopted the ] on November 15, 1777, and the city later served as the meeting place for the ], which ratified the ] in Independence Hall in Philadelphia on September 17, 1787. | |||
===Climate=== | |||
The climate in Philadelphia is temperate, with four seasons. Summers tend to be hot and often muggy, with the humidity tending to be high during ] and ]. Fall and spring are mild and generally the most pleasant seasons. The rainfall pattern is generally spread throughout the year, with between six and nine wet days per month. Winters are cold, but seldom does the temperature drop below freezing. Snow is unpredictable, some winters experiencing little and others characterised by continual snowstorms. The city center and inner ] suburbs generally have light snow, with heavier falls being experienced to the ] and ] of the metropole. The lowest temperature ever recorded was -7° F on ] ], and the highest temperature ever recorded was 104° F on ] ]. | |||
Philadelphia served as capital of the United States for much of the colonial and early post-colonial periods, including for a decade, from 1790 to 1800, while ], was being constructed and prepared to serve as the new national capital.<ref>''Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings'', pages 30–33</ref> In 1793, the largest ] in U.S. history killed approximately 4,000 to 5,000 people in Philadelphia, or about ten percent of the city's population at the time.<ref>{{cite web | title=Part 3: Philadelphia/The Yellow Fever Epidemic | work=Africans in America | publisher=PBS Online | year=1998 | url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3p1590.html | access-date=September 8, 2017 | archive-date=March 21, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321120827/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3p1590.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | |||
| last=Arnebeck | first=Bob | |||
| title=A Short History of Yellow Fever in the US | |||
| work=Benjamin Rush, Yellow Fever and the Birth of Modern Medicine | |||
| date=January 30, 2008 | |||
| url=http://geocities.com/bobarnebeck/history.html | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028142521/http://geocities.com/bobarnebeck/history.html | |||
| archive-date=October 28, 2009 | |||
| access-date=December 4, 2008 }}</ref> The capital of the United States was moved to Washington, D.C. in 1800 upon completion of the ] and ] buildings. | |||
The state capital was moved from Philadelphia to ] in 1799, then ultimately to ] in 1812. Philadelphia remained the nation's largest city until the late 18th century. It also was the nation's financial and cultural center until ultimately being eclipsed in total population by ] in 1790. In 1816, the city's free Black community founded the ], the first independent Black denomination in the country, and the first Black ]. The free Black community also established many schools for its children with the help of ]. Large-scale construction projects for new roads, ]s, and railroads made Philadelphia the first major ] city in the United States. | |||
===19th century=== | |||
{{Further|Pennsylvania in the American Civil War}} | |||
] at ] in ] in 1876, the first ] held in the U.S. on the centennial anniversary of the nation's founding]] | |||
Throughout the 19th century, Philadelphia hosted a variety of industries and businesses; the largest was the ]. Major corporations in the 19th and early 20th centuries included the ], ], and the ].<ref>{{Cite book | |||
|author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> | |||
|editor-first = RF | |||
|editor-last = Weigley | |||
|title = Philadelphia: A 300-Year History | |||
|publisher = ] | |||
|year = 1982 | |||
|location = New York and London | |||
|pages = 214, 218, 428–429 | |||
|isbn = 0-393-01610-2 | |||
|oclc = 8532897 | |||
|display-editors = etal | |||
|url = https://archive.org/details/philadelphia300y00weig/page/214 | |||
}}</ref> Established in 1870, the Philadelphia Conveyancers' Association was chartered by the state in 1871. Along with the U.S. Centennial in 1876, the city's industry was celebrated in the ], the first official ] in the U.S. | |||
Immigrants, mostly from Ireland and Germany, settled in Philadelphia and the surrounding districts. These immigrants were largely responsible for the ] in 1835, in which workers in the city won the ten-hour workday. The city was a destination for thousands of Irish immigrants fleeing the ] in the 1840s; housing for them was developed south of ] and later occupied by succeeding immigrants. They established a network of ] churches and schools and dominated the Catholic clergy for decades. Anti-], anti-Catholic ] ] erupted in Philadelphia in 1844. The rise in population of the surrounding districts helped lead to the ], which extended the city limits from the {{convert|2|sqmi}} of ] to the roughly {{convert|134|sqmi}} of ].<ref>{{cite web | |||
|url=http://www.ushistory.org/philadelphia/philadelphia.html | |||
|title=A Brief History of Philadelphia | |||
|access-date=December 14, 2006 | |||
|work=Philadelphia History | |||
|publisher=ushistory.org | |||
|url-status=dead | |||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104085513/http://www.ushistory.org/philadelphia/philadelphia.html | |||
|archive-date=January 4, 2013 | |||
}}</ref><ref name=Consolidation>{{cite web|url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/consolidation-act-of-1854/|title=Consolidation Act of 1854|access-date=September 17, 2014|archive-date=November 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110124235/http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/consolidation-act-of-1854/|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
In the latter half of the 19th century and leading into the 20th century, immigrants from Russia, Eastern Europe, and Italy, and African Americans from the ] settled in the city.<ref>''Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings'', pages 38–39</ref> | |||
Philadelphia was represented by the ] in the ]. The African-American population of Philadelphia increased from 31,699 to 219,559 between 1880 and 1930, largely stemming from the ] from the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/wphila/stats/census_lloyd.html|title=Notes on the historical development of population in West Philadelphia|website=University of Pennsylvania|access-date=January 16, 2010|archive-date=June 14, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614195259/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/wphila/stats/census_lloyd.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://bentley.umich.edu/research/publications/migration/ch1.php |title=Detroit and the Great Migration, 1916–1929 by Elizabeth Anne Martin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615144911/http://bentley.umich.edu/research/publications/migration/ch1.php |archive-date=June 15, 2008 |date=July 5, 2007 |publisher=Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan}}</ref> | |||
===20th century=== | |||
By the 20th century, Philadelphia had an entrenched ] ] and a complacent population.{{clarify|date=August 2024|reason=What is meant by a "complacent population"?}}<ref>''Philadelphia: A 300-Year History'', pages 535, 537</ref> In 1910, ] shut down the entire city.<ref name="AFL">Foner, Philip S. '' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713051302/https://books.google.com/books?id=vIn-bO2Oe1cC&pg=PA143 |date=July 13, 2023 }}'' Ch 6 of History of the labor movement in the United States, Vol. 5: The AFL in the Progressive Era 1910 - 1915. International Publishers Co. {{ISBN|0-7178-0562-X}}. Accessed June 29, 2011, at Google Books.</ref> | |||
In 1917, following outrage over the election-year murder of a Philadelphia police officer, led to the shrinking of the ] from two houses to just one.<ref>''Philadelphia: A 300-Year History'', pages 563 – 564</ref> In July 1919, Philadelphia was one of more than 36 industrial cities nationally to suffer a ] during ] in post-] unrest as recent immigrants competed with Blacks for jobs. In the 1920s, the public flouting of ] laws, ], mob violence, and corrupt police involvement in illegal activities led to the appointment of ] ] of the ] as the city's director of public safety, but political pressure still prevented long-term success in fighting crime and corruption.<ref>''Philadelphia: A 300-Year History'', pages 578 – 581</ref> | |||
In 1940, ] constituted 86.8% of the city's population.<ref>{{cite web|title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012 }}</ref> In 1950, the population peaked at more than two million residents, then began to decline with the restructuring of industry that led to the loss of many middle-class union jobs. In addition, suburbanization enticed many affluent residents to depart the city for its outlying railroad commuting towns and newer housing. The resulting reduction in Philadelphia's tax base and the resources of local government caused the city to struggle through a long period of adjustment, and it approached bankruptcy by the late 1980s.<ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://www.picapa.org/docs/OW/19961015_A_Foreboding_Future_for_Philadelphia.pdf|title = Continuing Economic Decline: A Foreboding Future for Philadelphia|date = October 15, 1996|journal = White Paper|access-date = September 29, 2015|archive-date = September 10, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150910172147/http://www.picapa.org/docs/OW/19961015_A_Foreboding_Future_for_Philadelphia.pdf|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Philadelphia's Changing Middle Class: After Decades of Decline, Prospects for Growth|url = http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2014/02/24/philadelphias-changing-middle-class-after-decades-of-decline-prospects-for-growth|website = www.pewtrusts.org|date = February 24, 2014|access-date = September 29, 2015|archive-date = September 30, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150930024050/http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2014/02/24/philadelphias-changing-middle-class-after-decades-of-decline-prospects-for-growth|url-status = live}}</ref> | |||
In 1985, the ] of the ] neighborhood by city helicopters occurred, killing 11 and destroying 61 homes.<ref name="Demby 2015">{{cite web |last1=Demby |first1=Gene |date=May 13, 2015 |title=I'm From Philly. 30 Years Later, I'm Still Trying To Make Sense Of The MOVE Bombing |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/05/13/406243272/im-from-philly-30-years-later-im-still-trying-to-make-sense-of-the-move-bombing |access-date=May 13, 2023 |website=NPR |publisher=National Public Radio, Inc. |ref=Demby 2015 |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111094018/https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/05/13/406243272/im-from-philly-30-years-later-im-still-trying-to-make-sense-of-the-move-bombing |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
Revitalization and ] of neighborhoods began in the late 1970s and continues into the 21st century with much of the development occurring in the ] and ] neighborhoods. But this expanded a shortage of ] in the city. After many manufacturers and businesses left Philadelphia or shut down, the city started attracting service businesses and began to market itself more aggressively as a tourist destination. Contemporary glass-and-granite ] were built in Center City beginning in the 1980s. Historic areas such as ] and ] were renovated during the reformist mayoral era of the 1950s through the 1980s, making both areas among the most desirable Center City neighborhoods. Immigrants from around the world began to enter the U.S. through Philadelphia as their gateway, leading to a reversal of the city's population decline between 1950 and 2000, during which it lost about 25 percent of its residents.<ref>''Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings'', pages 44–45</ref><ref>''A Concise History of Philadelphia'', page 78</ref> | |||
===21st century=== | |||
Philadelphia eventually began experiencing a growth in its population in 2007, which continued with incremental annual increases through the present.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/197903331.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130319073844/http://www.philly.com/philly/news/197903331.html|archive-date=March 19, 2013|title=Census: Phila. keeps on growing|first1=Dylan|last1=Purcell|first2=Karie|last2=Simmons|date=March 14, 2013|website=philly.com}}</ref><ref name="Pop Estimate">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/philadelphiacountypennsylvania|title=QuickFacts Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|publisher=]|access-date=April 18, 2019|archive-date=January 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101141044/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/philadelphiacountypennsylvania|url-status=live}}</ref> A migration pattern has been established from New York City to Philadelphia by residents opting for a large city with relative proximity and a lower ].<ref name=NYCMigrationToPhiladephia1>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2022/09/08/influx-of-new-york-transplants-to-philadelphia.amp.html|title=New Yorkers keep moving to Philadelphia, and local Realtors say the influx has 'raised the bar'|author=Ryan Mulligan|publisher=bizjournals.com|date=September 8, 2022|access-date=February 22, 2023|archive-date=March 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305224152/https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2022/09/08/influx-of-new-york-transplants-to-philadelphia.amp.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=NYCMigrationToPhiladephia2>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/20/nyregion/philadelphia-new-york-migration-immigrants.html|title=Leaving New York to Find the American Dream in Philadelphia|author=Matt Katz|newspaper=]|date=July 20, 2018|access-date=February 22, 2023|archive-date=March 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305224152/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/20/nyregion/philadelphia-new-york-migration-immigrants.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
==Geography== | |||
===Topography=== | |||
Philadelphia's geographic center is about 40° 0′ 34″ north latitude and 75° 8′ 0″ west longitude. The ] passes through neighborhoods in ], ], and ] including ]. The city encompasses {{convert|142.71|sqmi|2}}, of which {{convert|134.18|sqmi|2}} is land and {{convert|8.53|sqmi|2}}, or 6%, is water.<ref name="CenGeoGazetteer">{{cite web|title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_42.txt|publisher=]|access-date=May 25, 2018|archive-date=August 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824204429/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_42.txt|url-status=live}}</ref> Natural bodies of water include the ] and ] rivers, lakes in ], and ], ], and ] creeks. The largest artificial body of water is East Park Reservoir in ]. | |||
The lowest point is sea level and the highest point is in ], about {{convert|446|ft|m|0}} above sea level on Summit Street near the intersection of Germantown Avenue and ] at: 40.07815 N, 75.20747 W.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://viewer.nationalmap.gov/advanced-viewer/ |title=The National Map |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |website=nationalmap.gov |access-date=October 22, 2018 |archive-date=March 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329155652/http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chestnuthilllocal.com/2016/08/17/discovering-chestnut-hill-discover-summit-street-a-microcosm-of-19th-century-american-architecture/ |title=Discovering Chestnut Hill: Discover Summit Street, a microcosm of 19th Century American architecture – Chestnut Hill Local Philadelphia PA |publisher=Chestnut Hill Community Association |website=chestnuthilllocal.com |date=August 17, 2016 |access-date=October 22, 2018 |archive-date=August 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818181213/https://www.chestnuthilllocal.com/2016/08/17/discovering-chestnut-hill-discover-summit-street-a-microcosm-of-19th-century-american-architecture/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Philadelphia is located on the ] that separates the ] from the ].<ref>{{cite web|last=Railsback|first=Bruce|url=http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/1122EUSMISR.html|title=GEOL 1122: Earth's History of Global Change:The Fall Line|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219174225/http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/1122EUSMISR.html|archive-date=February 19, 2020|website=University of Georgia Department of Geology}}</ref> The Schuylkill River's rapids at ] were inundated by completion of the dam at ].<ref>" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101001200519/http://www.phila.gov/phils/docs/otherinfo/pname1.htm |date=October 1, 2010 }}". ''Philadelphia Information Locator System''.</ref> | |||
The city is the seat of ]. The city is bordered by six adjacent counties: ] to the northwest; ] to the north and northeast; ] to the east; ] to the southeast; ] to the south; and ] to the southwest. | |||
===Cityscape=== | ===Cityscape=== | ||
{{see also|Architecture of Philadelphia|List of tallest buildings in Philadelphia}} | |||
] | |||
Penn's surveyor, ], laid out the city in a strict ], with all streets running either north-south or east-west. The north-south streets are numbered sequentially from Front (instead of First), along the ], to 13th, followed by the main north-south thoroughfare, Broad Street (instead of 14th). | |||
====City planning==== | |||
The numbered streets then resume, continuing in the original plan to 28th at the ]. The east-west streets, many of them named for trees, e.g., ], ], ], and ] (laid out in increasing hardness from softwood ] in the South to hardwood ] in the North) parallel the main thoroughfare named High Street by Penn, but called Market Street since at least the early 18th century. Six blocks south of Market is ], noted in recent decades for its raucous night life and the subject of the ] hit single by ] of the same name). | |||
{{See also|List of Philadelphia neighborhoods}} | |||
{{wide image|A651, Philadelphia skyline from the Spring Garden Street Bridge, 2018.jpg|900px|align-cap=center|The skyline of Philadelphia seen from the northwest on the ] over the ] in April 2018 (annotated version)}} | |||
{{wide image|Philadelphia from South Street Bridge July 2016 panorama 3b.jpg|900px|align-cap=center|Philadelphia's skyline at twilight from the southwest on the ] with the ] on the left in July 2016 (annotated version)}} | |||
Philadelphia was created in the 17th century, following the plan by ]'s surveyor ]. ] is structured with long, straight streets running nearly due east–west and north–south, forming a grid pattern between the ] and ] rivers that is aligned with their courses. The original city plan was designed to allow for easy travel and to keep residences separated by open space that would help prevent the spread of fire.<ref name="Philadelphia Squares">{{cite web |url=http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2011/02/04/a-guide-to-philadelphias-squares/ |title=A Guide To Philadelphia's 'Squares' |publisher=CBS Philly |date=February 4, 2011 |access-date=April 29, 2015 |author=Daly, Molly |archive-date=February 13, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213014158/http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2011/02/04/a-guide-to-philadelphias-squares/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In keeping with the idea of a "Greene Countrie Towne", and inspired by the many types of trees that grew in the region, Penn named many of the east–west streets for local trees.<ref>Laura Turner Igoe, " {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208184841/https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/trees-2/ |date=February 8, 2021 }}", ''The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia''; accessed 2021.01.29.</ref> Penn planned the creation of five public parks in the city which were renamed in 1824.<ref name="Philadelphia Squares" /> Centre Square was renamed ];<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111041648/https://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/pj_display.cfm/20977 |date=November 11, 2017 }}. ''Philadelphia Architects and Buildings''. The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Retrieved November 27, 2017.</ref> Northeast Square was renamed ]; Southeast Square was renamed ]; Southwest Square was renamed ]; and Northwest Square was renamed ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://historicphiladelphia.org/franklin-square/history/ |title=Franklin Square History |publisher=Historic Philadelphia |access-date=April 29, 2015 |archive-date=May 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527015930/http://historicphiladelphia.org/franklin-square/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ] had an estimated 183,240 residents {{as of|2015|lc=y}}, making it the second-most populated downtown area in the United States after ] in New York City.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.philly.com/2015-04-22/news/61383432_1_south-philadelphia-annual-report-center-city-district |title=(Greater) Center City's population second only to Midtown Manhattan's |author=Maria Panaritis |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=April 22, 2015 |access-date=July 15, 2015 |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313153228/http://articles.philly.com/2015-04-22/news/61383432_1_south-philadelphia-annual-report-center-city-district |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
Philadelphia's neighborhoods are divided into six large sections that surround Center City: ], ], ], ], ], and ]. The city's geographic boundaries have been largely unchanged since these neighborhoods were consolidated in 1854. However, each of these large areas contains numerous neighborhoods, some of whose boundaries derive from the boroughs, townships, and other communities that constituted ] before their inclusion within the city.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings |page=58}}</ref> | |||
] | |||
Holme also planned five public parks, one at the intersection of High and Broad Streets in the very center of the city, now occupied by ], and four others surrounding it now called ], ], ] and Franklin Square. The eastern edge of Rittenhouse Square is on 18th St., four blocks west of City Hall, while the western edge of Washington Square is between 7th and 8th, about six and a half blocks east of City Hall. Both are the same distance south of City Hall. Concurently both Logan Square and Franklin Square are located the same distances east and west of City Hall as Washington and Rittenhouse and four blocks north of Market Street, reflecting the southern squares. | |||
The ], tasked with guiding growth and development of the city, has divided the city into 18 planning districts as part of the Philadelphia2035 physical development plan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://phila2035.org/home-page/about/ |title=About Philadelphia2035 |access-date=April 29, 2015 |archive-date=May 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503011928/http://phila2035.org/home-page/about/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phila.gov/CityPlanning/plans/Pages/Phila2035.aspx |title=Philadelphia 2035: The Comprehensive Plan |publisher=Philadelphia City Planning Commission |access-date=April 29, 2015 |archive-date=March 31, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331055720/http://www.phila.gov/CityPlanning/plans/Pages/Phila2035.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Much of the city's 1980 zoning code was overhauled from 2007 to 2012 as part of a joint effort between former mayors ] and ]. The zoning changes were intended to rectify incorrect zoning maps to facilitate future community development, as the city forecasts an additional 100,000 residents and 40,000 jobs will be added by 2035. | |||
], (May 2, 1910-October 14, 2005), one of America's most renowned city planners, was widely credited with transforming postwar Philadelphia by spearheading numerous urban renewal projects. He was also author of the influential ''Design of Cities'' (1967). | |||
The ] (PHA) is the largest landlord in Pennsylvania. Established in 1937, the PHA is the nation's fourth-largest housing authority, serving about 81,000 people with affordable housing, while employing 1,400 on a budget of $371 million.<ref name="PHA">{{cite web |url=http://www.pha.phila.gov/pha-news/pha-fast-facts.aspx |title=Philadelphia Housing Authority |publisher=Pha.phila.gov |access-date=December 24, 2013 |archive-date=January 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106183506/http://pha.phila.gov/pha-news/pha-fast-facts.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> The ] is responsible for ensuring adequate parking for city residents, businesses, and visitors.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://philapark.org/about-ppa/history/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126033326/http://philapark.org/about-ppa/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 26, 2012 |title=Philadelphia Parking Authority: History |publisher=Philapark.org |access-date=December 24, 2013 }}</ref> | |||
===Neighborhoods=== | |||
<!-- Add content sourced from http://phila2035.org/pdfs/final2035vision.pdf--> | |||
{{seealso|List of Philadelphia neighborhoods}} | |||
====Architecture==== | |||
Philadelphia has many neighborhoods, each of which has its own identity. Many of these neighborhoods coincide with the borough and townships that made up Philadelphia County before their absorption by the city. These include ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ] and many others. | |||
{{Main|Architecture of Philadelphia|List of tallest buildings in Philadelphia}} | |||
] in ] at night in February 2016]] | |||
] at night in December 2012]] | |||
] most prominent high-rise buildings, ], built between 1985 and 1987 (in background), and ], built between 1871 and 1901 (in foreground)]] | |||
Philadelphia's architectural history dates back to ] times and includes a wide range of styles. The earliest structures were constructed with ], but brick structures were common by 1700. During the 18th century, the ] was dominated by ], including ] and ]. | |||
In the first decades of the 19th century, ] and ] were the dominant styles produced by Philadelphia architects such as ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref name=Philadelphia-Page251>{{Cite book |title=Philadelphia: A 300-Year History |pages=11, 41, 174–175, 251–253}}</ref> ] is considered Philadelphia's greatest architect of the second half of the 19th century. His contemporaries included ], ], ], the ], and ]. In 1871, construction began on the ]-style ]. The ] was created in 1955 to preserve the cultural and architectural history of the city. The commission maintains the ], adding historic buildings, structures, sites, objects and districts as it sees fit.<ref name="PNC">{{cite web |url=http://www.phila.gov/historical/ |title=Philadelphia Historical Commission |publisher=Phila.gov |access-date=April 11, 2009 |archive-date=March 3, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303191207/http://www.phila.gov/historical/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
==Economy== | |||
Philadelphia's economy is heavily based upon manufacturing, refining, food, and financial services. The city also has its own ]. | |||
In 1932, Philadelphia became home to the first modern ] skyscraper in the United States, the ], designed by ] and ]. The {{convert|548|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} City Hall remained the tallest building in the city until 1987 when ] was completed. Numerous glass and granite skyscrapers were built in Center City beginning in the late 1980s. In 2007, the ] surpassed One Liberty Place to become the city's tallest building. The ] was completed in 2018, reaching a height of {{convert|1121|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}, as the ] outside of ] and Chicago.<ref name=Comcast2>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitphilly.com/articles/philadelphia/the-comcast-innovation-and-technology-center/|title=Philadelphia's Newest Skyscraper: The Comcast Innovation and Technology Center|publisher=Visit Philadelphia|access-date=April 3, 2015|archive-date=March 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317221032/http://www.visitphilly.com/articles/philadelphia/the-comcast-innovation-and-technology-center/|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
The city is home to many major ] companies, including ] and internet provider ], ] companies ] and ], energy company ], food services company ], ], ], the pharmaceutical company ], ] ]s division, and automotive parts retailer ]. | |||
For much of Philadelphia's history, the typical home has been the ]. The row house was introduced to the United States via Philadelphia in the early 19th century and, for a time, row houses built elsewhere in the United States were known as "Philadelphia rows".<ref name=Philadelphia-Page251/> A variety of row houses are found throughout the city, from Federal-style continuous blocks in ] and ] to Victorian-style homes in ] to twin row houses in ]. While newer homes have been built recently, much of the housing dates to the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries, which has created problems such as ] and vacant lots. Some neighborhoods, including ] and Society Hill, have been rehabilitated through ].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aitken |first=Joanne |title=Breaking Ground |journal=Philadelphia City Paper |date=June 3–19, 2004 |url=http://www.citypaper.net/articles/2004-06-03/cityspace.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113222258/http://citypaper.net/articles/2004-06-03/cityspace.shtml |archive-date=January 13, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Mark Alan Hughes |title=Dirt Into Dollars; Converting Vacant Land Into Valuable Development |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2000/06/summer-metropolitanpolicy-hughes |date=June 1, 2000 |access-date=December 24, 2013 |archive-date=December 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225175538/http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2000/06/summer-metropolitanpolicy-hughes |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
The Federal government plays a large role in Philadelphia as well. The city served as the first capital city of the ], before the construction of ]. Today, the east-coast operations of the ] are based near the historic district, and the ] Bank's Philadelphia division is based there as well. | |||
<gallery mode="packed"> | |||
Due in part to the historical presence of the ], and the large ridership at ], ] also maintains a significant presence in the city. These jobs include customer service representatives and ticket processing and other behind the scenes personel, in addition to the normal functions of the railroad. | |||
File:Elfreth's Alley, Philadelphia, 2008.jpg|], first developed in 1703, is the nation's oldest residential street.<ref name="marker">Historical marker on Elfreth's Alley</ref> | |||
File:Carpenters' Hall, Philadelphia, USA, May 2015.jpg|], built between 1770 and 1774 in ] style | |||
File:Second Bank of the United States with Robert Morris, Jr. statue, Philadelphia.jpg|The ], built between 1818 and 1824, exhibiting ] | |||
File:City hall Philadelphia.jpg|]-style ], built between 1871 and 1901, on South ] | |||
</gallery> | |||
====Parks==== | |||
Because of the presence of the federal government, the city has a large contingent of law firms. The city is also a national center of law due to the prestigious University of Pennsylvania Law School and the Temple University Beasley School of Law. | |||
{{See also|Drinking fountains in Philadelphia|Fairmount Park|List of parks in Philadelphia|}} | |||
] on the ], the city's largest and one of the world's largest public parks]] | |||
{{As of|2014}}, the city's total park space, including municipal, state, and federal parks in the city, amounts to {{convert|11211|acre|sqmi|1}}.<ref name=tplrank/> Philadelphia's largest park is ], which includes the ] and encompasses {{convert|2052|acre|sqmi|1}} of the total parkland. Fairmount Park's adjacent ] contains {{convert|2042|acre|sqmi|1}}.<ref name=parkacres>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_20027240.pdf |title=The City of Philadelphia, Emerald Ash Borer Management Plan |website=dcnr.state.pa.us |publisher=The City of Philadelphia |year=2012 |page=2 |quote=The City contains approximately 6,781 acres of watershed parks including East/West Fairmount Parks (2052 ac.), Wissahickon Valley Park (2042 ac.) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219001451/http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/cs/groups/public/documents/document/dcnr_20027240.pdf |archive-date=December 19, 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=January 6, 2017}}</ref> Fairmount Park, when combined with Wissahickon Valley Park, is one of the largest contiguous ] areas in the U.S.<ref name=tplrank/> The two parks, along with the ], ] and ]-style ] in them, have been listed as one entity on the ] since 1972.<ref name=NRHP>{{cite web|url=http://focus.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/72001151 |title=National Register of Historic Places – Fairmount Park – #72001151 |date=February 7, 1972 |website=focus.nps.gov |publisher=National Park Service |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230223434/https://focus.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/72001151 |archive-date=December 30, 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=January 6, 2017 |quote=Locations: Philadelphia; Both banks of Schuylkill River and Wissahickon Creek, from Spring Garden St. to Northwestern Ave.}}</ref> | |||
===Climate=== | |||
{{seealso|List of companies based in the Philadelphia area}} | |||
{{climate chart | |||
| Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | |||
|26.0|41.3|3.13 | |||
|27.5|44.3|2.75 | |||
|34.3|52.8|3.96 | |||
|44.3|64.7|3.47 | |||
|54.2|74.4|3.34 | |||
|63.9|83.2|4.04 | |||
|69.6|87.8|4.38 | |||
|67.9|85.8|4.29 | |||
|60.9|78.9|4.40 | |||
|49.2|67.2|3.47 | |||
|38.8|55.9|2.91 | |||
|31.2|46.0|3.97 | |||
|float=right | |||
|clear=both | |||
|units=imperial | |||
}} | |||
Within the ], Philadelphia falls under the northern periphery of the ] zone (Köppen ''Cfa'').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=80427&cityname=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania%2C+United+States+of+America&units= |title=Climate Summary for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |work=Weatherbase |access-date=September 17, 2014 |archive-date=June 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628232633/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=80427&cityname=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania%2C+United+States+of+America&units= |url-status=live }}</ref> Within the ], Philadelphia has a ] ] (''Do'') limited to the north by the ] (''Dc'').<ref>Trewartha GT, Horn LH (1980) Introduction to climate, 5th edn. McGraw Hill, New York, NY</ref> Summers are typically hot and muggy. Fall and spring are generally mild, and winter is moderately cold. The plant life ] are 7a and 7b, reflecting an average annual extreme minimum temperature between {{convert|0|and|10|F|C}}.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121115552/http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/phzmweb/Images/All_states_halfzones_poster_300dpi.jpg |date=November 21, 2017 }}. ''usda.gov''. ]. Retrieved December 6, 2017. Note: high resolution map, may be slow to download.</ref> | |||
Snowfall is highly variable. Some winters have only light snow while others include major snowstorms. The normal seasonal snowfall averages {{convert|22.4|in|cm|0|abbr=on}}, with rare snowfalls in November or April, and rarely any sustained snow cover.<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/> Seasonal snowfall accumulation has ranged from trace amounts in 1972–73, to {{convert|78.7|in|cm|0}} in the winter of 2009–10.<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/>{{efn|See ] (December 19–20, 2009), ] (February 5–6, 2010), and ] (February 9–10, 2010). The February 2010 storms contributed to a single month record accumulation of {{convert|51.5|in|cm|0|abbr=on}}. If no snow fell outside of February that season, 2009–10 would still rank as 5th-snowiest. See the Franklin Institute for a visual representation of seasonal snowfall.}} The city's ] was {{convert|30.7|in|cm|0|abbr=on}}, which occurred in January 1996.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/post/one-wild-storm-a-look-back-at-the-blizzard-of-96/2013/01/07/89a1242c-5875-11e2-9fa9-5fbdc9530eb9_blog.html|title=One wild storm: A look back at the 'Blizzard of '96'|last=Lipman|first=Don|date=January 7, 2013|newspaper=Washington Post|language=en-US|access-date=December 19, 2017|archive-date=December 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219085852/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/post/one-wild-storm-a-look-back-at-the-blizzard-of-96/2013/01/07/89a1242c-5875-11e2-9fa9-5fbdc9530eb9_blog.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
== People and culture of Philadelphia == | |||
] | |||
Precipitation is generally spread throughout the year, with eight to eleven wet days per month,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.met.utah.edu/jhorel/html/wx/climate/daysrain.html |title=Average Days of Precipitation, .01 Inches or more |access-date=July 28, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620130836/http://www.met.utah.edu/jhorel/html/wx/climate/daysrain.html |archive-date=June 20, 2006 }}</ref> at an average annual rate of {{convert|44.1|in|mm|sigfig=3}}, but historically ranging from {{convert|29.31|in|mm|abbr=on}} in 1922 to {{convert|64.33|in|mm|abbr=on}} in 2011.<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/> The most rain recorded in one day occurred on July 28, 2013, when {{convert|8.02|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} fell at ].<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/> Philadelphia has a moderately sunny climate with an average of 2,498 ] annually. The percentage of sunshine ranges from 47% in December to 61% in June, July, and August.<ref name=noaasun-Phily1961/> | |||
===Demographics=== | |||
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="float:right; margin-left:15px;" | |||
The January daily average temperature<!--NOT monthly normal high!--> is {{convert|33.7|°F|1}}. The temperature frequently rises to {{convert|50|°F}} during thaws. July averages {{convert|78.7|°F|1}}. Heat waves accompanied by high humidity and ] are frequent, with highs reaching or exceeding {{convert|90|°F|0}} on 30 days of the year. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 6 to April 2,<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/> allowing a growing season of 217 days. Early fall and late winter are generally dry, with February having the lowest average precipitation at {{convert|2.75|in|0}}. The dewpoint in the summer averages between {{convert|59.1|and|64.5|°F|0}}.<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/> | |||
|align=center colspan=2| '''City of Philadelphia <br>Population by year ''' | |||
The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|106|°F|0}} on August 7, 1918. Temperatures at or above {{convert|100|°F|0}} are not common, with the last occurrence of such a temperature being July 21, 2019.<ref name="philadelphia1"/> The lowest officially recorded temperature was {{convert|-11|°F|0}} on February 9, 1934.<ref name="philadelphia1">{{cite web |url=http://www.stormfax.com/phlminmax2.html |title=Philadelphia Record Highs and Lows |access-date=April 3, 2007 |archive-date=March 22, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322192111/http://www.stormfax.com/phlminmax2.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Temperatures at or below {{convert|0|°F|0}} are rare, with the last such occurrence being ].<ref name="PhillyNOAA"/> The record low maximum is {{convert|5|°F|0}} on February 10, 1899, and December 30, 1880. The record high minimum is {{convert|83|°F|0}} on July 23, 2011, and July 24, 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ |title=Threaded Station Extremes |access-date=May 10, 2020 |quote=Station=PA – Philadelphia (Center City records are {{convert|12|°F|0}} on January 8, 2014, and January 19, 1997, for the record low maximum; and {{convert|87|°F|0}} on July 6, 1999, for the record high minimum) |archive-date=March 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305195121/http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
{{Philadelphia weatherbox}} | |||
=== Time Series === | |||
{{Graph:Weather monthly history | |||
| table=Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Philadelphia.tab | |||
| title=Philadelphia monthly weather statistics | |||
}} | |||
====Air quality==== | |||
Philadelphia County received an ] grade of F and a 24-hour ] rating of D in the ]'s 2017 State of the Air report, which analyzed data from 2013 to 2015.<ref name=ala>{{cite web |url=http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/key-findings/methodology-and-acknowledgements.html |title=State of the Air 2017 – Methodology and Acknowledgements |publisher=American Lung Association |access-date=December 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208052851/http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/key-findings/methodology-and-acknowledgements.html |archive-date=December 8, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=ala2>{{cite web |url=http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/city-rankings/states/pennsylvania/philadelphia.html |title=Philadelphia County – State of the Air 2017 |publisher=American Lung Association |access-date=December 7, 2017 |archive-date=December 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207070041/http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/city-rankings/states/pennsylvania/philadelphia.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The city was ranked 22nd for ozone, 20th for short-term particle pollution, and 11th for year-round particle pollution.<ref name=ala3>{{cite web |url=http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/city-rankings/most-polluted-cities.html |title=Most Polluted Cities |publisher=American Lung Association |access-date=December 8, 2017 |archive-date=July 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728191912/http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/city-rankings/most-polluted-cities.html |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the same report, the city experienced a significant reduction in high ozone days since 2001—from nearly 50 days per year to fewer than 10—along with fewer days of high particle pollution since 2000—from about 19 days per year to about 3—and an approximate 30% reduction in annual levels of particle pollution since 2000.<ref name=ala2/> | |||
Five of the ten largest ] (CSAs) were ranked higher for ozone: ] (1st), ] (9th), ] (12th), ] (13th), and ] (18th). Many smaller CSAs were also ranked higher for ozone, including ] (8th), ] (10th), ] (11th), ] (16th), and ] (20th). Only two of those same ten CSAs, San Jose and Los Angeles, were ranked higher than Philadelphia for both year-round and short-term particle pollution.<ref name=ala3/> | |||
==Demographics== | |||
{{Main|Demographics of Philadelphia}} | |||
{{See also|Chinese in Philadelphia|History of Irish Americans in Philadelphia|History of Italian Americans in Philadelphia|Koreans in Philadelphia|Little Saigon, Philadelphia|History of Jews in Philadelphia|LGBT culture in Philadelphia|Puerto Ricans in Philadelphia}} | |||
{{Historical populations | |||
|type= USA | |||
|1683|600 | |||
|1731|12000 | |||
|1790|28522 | |||
|1800|41220 | |||
|1810|53722 | |||
|1820|63802 | |||
|1830|80462 | |||
|1840|93665 | |||
|1850|121376 | |||
|1860|565529 | |||
|1870|674022 | |||
|1880|847170 | |||
|1890|1046964 | |||
|1900|1293697 | |||
|1910|1549008 | |||
|1920|1823779 | |||
|1930|1950961 | |||
|1940|1931334 | |||
|1950|2071605 | |||
|1960|2002512 | |||
|1970|1948609 | |||
|1980|1688210 | |||
|1990|1585577 | |||
|2000|1517550 | |||
|2010|1526006 | |||
|2020|1603797 | |||
|2023|1550542 | |||
|source=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus10">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2016|archive-date=June 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610232059/http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus20">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016|archive-date=August 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829184404/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />2010–2020<ref name="QuickFacts"/> | |||
}} | |||
As of the ], there were 1,603,797 people residing in Philadelphia, representing a 1.2% increase from the 2019 census estimate.<ref name="Pop Estimate"/> The racial composition of the city was 39.3% Black alone (42.0% Black alone or in combination), 36.3% White alone (41.9% White alone or in combination), 8.7% Asian alone, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native alone, 8.7% some other race, and 6.9% multiracial. 14.9% of residents were Hispanic or Latino.<ref name="2022 Bureau"/> | |||
34.8% had a bachelor's degree or higher. 23.9% spoke a language other than English at home, the most common of which was Spanish (10.8%). 15.0% of the populations foreign born, roughly half of whom are naturalized U.S. citizens. 3.7% of the population are veterans. The median household income was $52,889 and 22.8% of the population lived in poverty. 49.5% of the population drove alone to work, while 23.2% used public transit, 8.2% carpooled, 7.9% walked, and 7.0% worked from home. The average commute is 31 minutes.<ref name="2022 Bureau">{{cite web | last=Bureau | first=U.S. Census | title=Explore Census Data | website=Explore Census Data | url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile/Philadelphia_city,_Philadelphia_County,_Pennsylvania?g=0600000US4210160000 | access-date=October 15, 2022 | archive-date=October 15, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015200325/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile/Philadelphia_city,_Philadelphia_County,_Pennsylvania?g=0600000US4210160000 | url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
After the ], when a record high of 2,071,605 was recorded, the city's population began a long decline. The population dropped to a low of 1,488,710 residents in 2006 before beginning to rise again. Between 2006 and 2017, Philadelphia added 92,153 residents. In 2017, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that the racial composition of the city was 41.3% Black (non-Hispanic), 34.9% White (non-Hispanic), 14.1% Hispanic or Latino, 7.1% Asian, 0.4% Native American, 0.05% Pacific Islander, and 2.8% multiracial.<ref name="2017 Pop Estimate">{{cite web |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/17_5YR/DP05/1600000US4260000 |title=2011–2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213095851/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/17_5YR/DP05/1600000US4260000 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Census racial composition !! 2020<ref name="2022 Bureau" />!! 2010<ref name="Gen Pop/Housing">{{cite web|author=American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1&prodType=table |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190521214830/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1&prodType=table |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 21, 2019 |title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 2010 Demographic Profile Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census |access-date=August 12, 2011 }}</ref>!! 2000 !! 1990<ref name="census1990">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/PAtab.xls|title=Pennsylvania – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990|access-date=December 7, 2017|archive-date=February 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202175335/https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/PAtab.xls|url-status=live}}</ref>!! 1980<ref name="census1990"/> !! 1970<ref name="census1990"/> | |||
| align=center | | |||
|- | |||
] - 28,522 <br> | |||
| ] (non-Hispanic)|| 38.3% || 42.2% || 42.6% || 39.3% || 37.5% || 33.3%{{efn|name=fifteen}} | |||
] - 41,220 <br> | |||
|- | |||
] - 53,722 <br> | |||
| ] (non-Hispanic) || 34.3% || 36.9% || 42.5% || 52.1% || 57.1% || 63.8{{efn|name=fifteen|From 15% sample}} | |||
] - 63,802 <br> | |||
|- | |||
] - 80,462 <br> | |||
| ] (of any race) || 14.9% || 12.3% || 8.5% || 5.6% || 3.8% || 2.4%{{efn|name=fifteen}} | |||
] - 93,665 <br> | |||
|- | |||
] - 121,376 <br> | |||
| ] || 8.3% || 6.3% || 4.5% || 2.7% || rowspan=2 | 1.1% || rowspan=2 | 0.3% | |||
] - 565,529 <br> | |||
|- | |||
] - 674,022 <br> | |||
| ] || 0.1% || <0.1% || <0.1% || <0.1% | |||
] - 847,170 <br> | |||
|- | |||
] - 1,046,964 <br> | |||
| Native Americans || 0.4% || 0.5% || 0.3% || 0.2% || 0.1% || 0.1% | |||
] - 1,293,697 <br> | |||
|- | |||
] - 1,549,008 <br> | |||
| ] || 6.9% || 2.8% || 2.2% || n/a<ref name="race">{{cite web|author=United States Census Bureau|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/race/racefactcb.html|title=How Does the Census 2000 Question on Race Differ from the 1990 Question?|publisher=census.gov |access-date=January 31, 2011|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011127063008/http%3A//www%2Ecensus%2Egov/population/www/socdemo/race/racefactcb%2Ehtml |archive-date= November 27, 2001 }}</ref> || n/a || n/a | |||
] - 1,823,779 <br> | |||
] - 1,950,961 <br> | |||
] - 1,931,334 <br> | |||
] - 2,071,605 <br> | |||
] - 2,002,512 <br> | |||
] - 1,948,609 <br> | |||
] - 1,688,210 <br> | |||
] - 1,585,577 <br> | |||
] - 1,517,550 | |||
|} | |} | ||
] | |||
As of the ]{{GR|2}} of ], there are 1,517,550 people, 590,071 households, and 352,272 families residing in the city. The ] is 4,337.3/km² (11,233.6/mi²). There are 661,958 housing units at an average density of 1,891.9/km² (4,900.1/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 45.02% ], 43.22% ], 0.27% ], 4.46% ], 0.05% ], 4.77% from ], and 2.21% from two or more races. 8.50% of the population are ] or ] of any race. The ethnic makeup of the city is 32.5% ], 13.6% ], 9.2% ], 8.1% ], 6.4% ], and 4.3% ]. | |||
===Immigration and cultural diversity=== | |||
Philadelphia has long been a Black and White city, and currently the city's white and African American populations are about equal in size. The city also has the second largest ], ], and ] populations in America. Increases in Latino immigration have created a diverse Hispanic community centered around ] in ]. There is also a large ] population in the city. The Asian community has long been established in the city's bustling ] district, but recent Vietnamese immigrants have also forged neighborhood and bazaar alongside the venerable ]. Numerous Korean immigrants have come to the already melting pot of ]. Numerous other cultures can also be found throughout the city, including Subsaharan Africans and West Indians in the Cedar Park neighborhood, and many Russian, Greek and Ukrainian immigrants (]). | |||
] in ]]] | |||
] ] near ]]] | |||
In addition to the city's economic growth, the city's population has been fueled by foreign immigration. According to ], the city's ] population increased by 69% between 2000 and 2016 to constitute nearly 20% of Philadelphia's workforce,<ref name=PhiladelphiaImmigrants>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/20/nyregion/philadelphia-new-york-migration-immigrants.html|title=Leaving New York to Find the American Dream in Philadelphia|author=Matt Katz|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 20, 2018|access-date=August 6, 2018|archive-date=August 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807001508/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/20/nyregion/philadelphia-new-york-migration-immigrants.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and it doubled between 1990 and 2017 to constitute 13.8% of the city's total population, with the top five countries of origin being China by a significant margin followed by the ], ], ], and ].<ref name=PhiladelphiaForeignBorn>{{cite news|url=https://www.philly.com/news/immigrants-philly-population-growth-foreign-born-20190510.html|title=Welcome to Philly: Percentage of foreign-born city residents has doubled since 1990|author=Jeff Gammage|newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=May 10, 2019|access-date=May 10, 2019|quote=China is, far and away, the primary sending country, with 22,140 city residents who make up about 11 percent of the foreign-born population, according to a Pew Charitable Trusts analysis of Census data. Next is the Dominican Republic with 13,792, followed by Jamaica, 13,500; India, 11,382; and Vietnam, 10,132...About 230,000 Philadelphians are foreign-born. More than a quarter of residents are immigrants or have a foreign-born parent, Pew reported, and 23 percent speak a foreign language at home.|archive-date=May 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510180258/https://www.philly.com/news/immigrants-philly-population-growth-foreign-born-20190510.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
{|class="wikitable floatright" | |||
|+ | |||
Top 10 countries of origin for foreign-born Philadelphians, 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/fact-sheets/2019/04/the-state-of-immigrants-in-philadelphia-2019|title=The State of Immigrants in Philadelphia, 2019|date=April 11, 2019|access-date=October 13, 2021|archive-date=October 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001200528/https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/fact-sheets/2019/04/the-state-of-immigrants-in-philadelphia-2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
! Country || Population | |||
|- | |||
| {{CHN}} ||align=right | {{formatnum:22140}} | |||
|- | |||
| {{DOM}} ||align=right | {{formatnum:13792}} | |||
|- | |||
| {{JAM}} ||align=right | {{formatnum:13500}} | |||
|- | |||
| {{IND}} ||align=right | {{formatnum:11382}} | |||
|- | |||
| {{VIE}} ||align=right | {{formatnum:10132}} | |||
|- | |||
| {{HAI}} ||align=right | {{formatnum:9186}} | |||
|- | |||
| {{MEX}} ||align=right | {{formatnum:7823}} | |||
|- | |||
| {{UKR}} ||align=right | {{formatnum:6898}} | |||
|- | |||
| {{ALB}} ||align=right | {{formatnum:5258}} | |||
|- | |||
| {{KOR}}/{{PRK}}||align=right | {{formatnum:4385}} | |||
|} | |||
Irish, Italian, German, Polish, English, Russian, Ukrainian, and French ancestries constitute the largest ] ethnic groups in the city.<ref name="2010 Ancestry">{{cite web |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_5YR/B04006/1600000US4260000 |title=People Reporting Ancestry: 2011–2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=December 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213152124/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_5YR/B04006/1600000US4260000 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Philadelphia has the second-largest Irish and Italian populations in the United States after ]. ] remains one of the largest ] neighborhoods in the country and is home to the ]. | |||
The ] neighborhood and ] section of South Philadelphia, home to many ] clubs, are well known as ] neighborhoods. The ], ], and ] neighborhoods have historically been heavily Irish and Polish. Port Richmond is a center for the Polish-American community in Philadelphia, and it remains a common destination for Polish immigrants. ], although known for its Irish and Irish-American population, is home to a Jewish and Russian population. ] in ] also contains a Jewish community. Nearby ] is historically known as an ] community. | |||
Of the 590,071 households, 27.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.1% are ] living together, 22.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 40.3% are non-families. 33.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.48 and the average family size is 3.22. | |||
Philadelphia's ] population is the fourth-largest in the country after ], ], and ]. ] and ] are largely African-American neighborhoods, but many are leaving those areas in favor of the Northeast and Southwest sections of Philadelphia. A higher proportion of ] reside in Philadelphia than most other major U.S. cities. West Philadelphia and ] are home to various ] and ] communities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Philadelphia immigration|url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/immigration-1930-present|publisher=Philadelphia immigration|date=August 5, 2013|access-date=March 5, 2016|archive-date=March 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310145147/http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/immigration-1930-present/|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
In the city the population is spread out with 25.3% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females there are 86.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 81.8 males. | |||
The ] population in Philadelphia is the second-largest on the U.S. mainland after New York City, and the second-fastest growing after ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://voxxi.com/2014/01/03/puerto-rico-population-decline-economic/ |title=Puerto Rico's population continues to decline as the economic plague persists |date=January 3, 2014 |work=Voxxi |access-date=September 17, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103154048/http://voxxi.com/2014/01/03/puerto-rico-population-decline-economic/ |archive-date=January 3, 2014 |author=Laura Sanchez Ubanell }}</ref> Eastern North Philadelphia, particularly ] and surrounding areas to the north and east, has one of the highest concentrations of Puerto Ricans outside ], with many large swaths of blocks being close to 100% Puerto Rican.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.congreso.net/census.php |title=Where is the "Latino Community" of Philadelphia? |access-date=September 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006120951/http://www.congreso.net/census.php |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zip-codes.com/zip-code/19133/zip-code-19133.asp|title=ZIP Code 19133, Philadelphia PA (Pennsylvania)|website=www.zip-codes.com|access-date=September 15, 2022|archive-date=September 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915024835/https://www.zip-codes.com/zip-code/19133/zip-code-19133.asp|url-status=live}}</ref> Puerto Rican and ] populations reside in ] and the Northeast, and ] and Central American populations exist in South Philadelphia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Latino Philadelphia at a Glance |url=http://hsp.org/sites/default/files/legacy_files/migrated/latinophiladelphiaataglance.pdf |publisher=Latino Philadelphia |access-date=October 4, 2017 |archive-date=January 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116131238/http://hsp.org/sites/default/files/legacy_files/migrated/latinophiladelphiaataglance.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> ]n migrants were being transported by bus from ] to Philadelphia beginning in 2022.<ref name=MigrantsTexasToPhiladelphia>{{cite news|url=https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/bus-immigrants-texas-philadelphia-asylum-greg-abbott-20221229.html?outputType=amp|title=City receives 15th bus carrying immigrants from Texas to Philadelphia|author=Robert Moran|newspaper=]|date=December 29, 2022|access-date=February 22, 2023|archive-date=February 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222230053/https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/bus-immigrants-texas-philadelphia-asylum-greg-abbott-20221229.html?outputType=amp|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
The median income for a household in the city is $30,746, and the median income for a family is $37,036. Males have a median income of $34,199 versus $28,477 for females. | |||
The ] for the city is $16,509. 22.9% of the population and 18.4% of families are below the ]. Out of the total population, 31.3% of those under the age of 18 and 16.9% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. | |||
Philadelphia's ] population includes those of Chinese, Indians, Vietnamese, South Koreans, Filipinos, Cambodians, and Indonesians. Over 35,000 Chinese Americans lived in the city in 2015,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_SPT/B01003/0500000US42101/popgroup~016|title=2011–2015 American Community Survey Selected Population Tables – Chinese alone, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|publisher=]|access-date=June 3, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214004430/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_SPT/B01003/0500000US42101/popgroup~016|archive-date=February 14, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> including a ] population. Center City hosts a ] that is served by ] with service to/from ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/20/nyregion/philadelphia-new-york-migration-immigrants.html|title=Leaving New York to Find the American Dream in Philadelphia|author=Matt Katz|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 20, 2018|access-date=April 17, 2019|archive-date=April 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418054111/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/20/nyregion/philadelphia-new-york-migration-immigrants.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ] make up the second-largest Asian group in the city of Philadelphia,<ref name=LargeIndianPopulationPhiladelphia>{{cite web |title=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (City) |url=https://statisticalatlas.com/place/Pennsylvania/Philadelphia/Ancestry |website=Statistical Atlas}}</ref> while making up the largest foreign-born population in the greater ].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Singer |first1=Audrey |last2=Vitiello |first2=Domenic |last3=Katz |first3=Michael |last4=Park |first4=David |title=Recent Immigration to Philadelphia: Regional Change in a Re-Emerging Gateway |url=https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/1113_immigration_singer.pdf |website=Metropolitan Policy Program at Brookings |publisher=Brookings Institution}}</ref> A Korean community initially settled in the North Philadelphia neighborhood of ]; however, the primary ] has subsequently shifted further north, straddling the city's border with adjacent ] in ] and ] in ]. South Philadelphia is home to ]s in ] and ] in ], as well as ], ], and ] communities. | |||
===Annual fairs and events=== | |||
* The ], held every New Year's Day on Broad Street | |||
* The ], a reunion and celebration of African-American college fraternities | |||
* Philadelphia St. Patrick's Day Parade | |||
* The ], a chicken wing eating competition | |||
* ] | |||
* Philadelphia Auto Show | |||
Philadelphia's ] near ] is home to a concentration of gay and lesbian-friendly businesses, restaurants, and bars.<ref>{{cite web |title=Exploring Gay Philadelphia |url=http://www.visitphilly.com/itineraries/philadelphia/exploring-gay-philadelphia/|publisher=Visit Philadelphia|access-date=July 23, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724030414/http://www.visitphilly.com/itineraries/philadelphia/exploring-gay-philadelphia/|archive-date=July 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Guide to Philadelphia's Gayborhood|url=http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/guide/guide-to-philadelphias-gayborhood/|publisher=CBS Local Media|date=June 5, 2013|access-date=July 23, 2015|archive-date=July 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723061349/http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/guide/guide-to-philadelphias-gayborhood/|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
===Food=== | |||
===Religion=== | |||
Philadelphia has great diversity, depth, and quality among its restaurants. Notable restaurants include ] ]'s self named Morimoto, Buddakhan, Old Original Bookbinder's, Vetri, Alma de Cuba, City Tavern, and Le Bec Fin. | |||
{{Main|Religion in Philadelphia}} | |||
In a 2014 study by the ], 68% of the population of the city identified themselves as ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308152313/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/29/major-u-s-metropolitan-areas-differ-in-their-religious-profiles/ |date=March 8, 2021 }}, Pew Research Center</ref> Approximately 41% of Christians in the city and area professed attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered ], while 26% professed ] beliefs. | |||
The ] Christian community in Philadelphia is dominated by ] including the ], ], the ], ] and ]. One of the most prominent mainline Protestant jurisdictions is the ]. The ] was established in Philadelphia. Historically, the city has strong connections to the ], ], and the ], all of which continue to be represented in the city. The Quaker ] is based in Philadelphia. Evangelical Protestants making up less than 15% of the population were also prevalent. | |||
Little known facts: | |||
* In the 2005 Zagat Restaurant Guide, Philadelphia had more restaurants score 29 than any other city in the United States. | |||
* Philadelphia routinely finishes first in food service industry surveys for the best tipping cities. | |||
Evangelical Protestant bodies included the ], ], ], and ]. The Catholic community is primarily served by the ] ], the ], and the ], though some ] exist throughout Philadelphia and its suburbs. The Latin Church-based jurisdiction is headquartered in the city, and its see is the ]. The Ukrainian Catholic jurisdiction is headquartered in Philadelphia, and is seated at the ]. | |||
Distinctive Philadelphian dishes include: | |||
*], a kind of humble culinary masterpiece, made of paper-thin chipped ribeye steak fried on a griddle, cheese (usually either Cheez Whiz™, ], or ]) and fried onions on an Italian hoagie roll. There tends to be some fairly fierce competition over the coveted "Best Cheesesteak" title, and many will often share their opinions vigorously on this topic. (Easiest place to get one is at 9th and Passyunk, where both ] and ] are located. Both are 24-hour operations, with trademark south-Philly ] awnings and tables on the sidewalks. Both being triangular shaped buildings, they stare at each other like opposing battleships facing an impasse while splitting clientele fairly evenly.) Cheesesteaks (be it of lower or higher quality than the aforementioned restaurants) can also be obtained at 1000's of neighborhood deli's and restaurants through the Philadelphia, South Jersey, and Delaware area. | |||
*] -- a sandwich made with cold cuts and veggies on an Italian roll, similar to the ]. Sandwich is so-named because of its popularity among Italian-immigrants employed at the former shipyards on Hog Island, with the sandwich originally being called a "hoggie". | |||
*] -- corn meal mush cooked up with every part (scrap) of the ], from the ] country of ]. | |||
*] (])-- a frozen dessert, similar to a slushie except stiffer. | |||
*] -- Water Ice served through a soft-serve ice cream machine, giving it a very unique texture. | |||
*] -- A much looser, creamier form of Italian Ice, usually coming only in chocolate and vanilla. | |||
*]-- A mix of water ice and soft ice cream. | |||
*] -- thick, doughy ]s, generally coarse-salted, often served with mustard. Unlike soft pretzels of other cities, which are the same shape as hard pretzels, Philadelphia soft pretzels have a long, thin, block-like shape. Best eaten fresh, they generally don't keep well, becoming rather rock-like after several days. | |||
*] -- similar to a ], invented in Philadelphia. | |||
*] -- Old fashioned black cherry soda, made with actual black cherry flavoring. Name "wishniak," while not exclusive, is generally associated with popular regional soft drink brand Frank's. | |||
*] -- Brand name synonymous with pre-packaged baked goods, and a Philadelphia institution for over 90 years; best known varieties include Krimpets (jelly or butterscotch), Kandy Kakes (cream or peanut butter), Krimpies (shaped like Krimpets, but with "Kreme" filling and chocolate cake and icing), Tasty (fruit) Pies (unlike many competitors, these are not fried and sugar glazed, and are consequently a lot healthier) | |||
*] and ] -- Regional brand names, offering chips and pretzels generally judged as being of higher quality than national brands such as Frito-Lay. | |||
Less than 1% of Philadelphia's Christians were ]. The remainder of the Christian demographic is spread among smaller Protestant denominations and the ] and ] among others. The ] (]) and ] (]) divide the Eastern Orthodox in Philadelphia. The ] ] is in the city. | |||
===Notable residents=== | |||
The same study says that other religions collectively compose about 8% of the population, including ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/ |title=America's Changing Religious Landscape |publisher=]: Religion & Public Life |date=May 12, 2015 |access-date=July 30, 2015 |archive-date=January 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107064929/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Philadelphia has the fifth-largest ] population among U.S. cities.<ref>Overcoming the World Missions Crisis: Thinking Strategically to Reach the World, Russell Penney, page 110, 2001</ref> The remaining 24% claimed ]. | |||
{{see|List of people from Philadelphia}} | |||
The Philadelphia ]'s ] population was estimated at 206,000 in 2001, which was the sixth-largest in the U.S. at that time.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0016_0_15694.html |title=Philadelphia |encyclopedia=] |access-date=February 10, 2017 |archive-date=December 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201050252/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0016_0_15694.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Jewish traders were operating in southeastern Pennsylvania long before ]. Jews in Philadelphia took a prominent part in the ]. Although the majority of the early Jewish residents were of Portuguese or Spanish descent, some among them had emigrated from Germany and ]. About the beginning of the 19th century, a number of Jews from the latter countries, finding the services of the ] unfamiliar to them, resolved to form a new congregation which would use the ritual to which they had been accustomed. | |||
Philadelphia has been home to many people of note, the most famous of whom is probably ], who along with the others in the ] helped shape the city along with the country and the world. | |||
] are practiced in some Latino and Hispanic and Caribbean communities in North and West Philadelphia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/12/30/pennsylvania.animal.remains/ |title=Group: Remains of more than 500 animals found at Philadelphia home |first=Ross |last=Levitt |date=December 30, 2009 |publisher=CNN |access-date=February 10, 2017 |archive-date=September 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923003000/http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/12/30/pennsylvania.animal.remains/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://northiowatoday.com/2012/01/15/man-gets-life-sentence-in-killing-over-santeria/ |author=Joseph A. Slobodzian |newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer |title=Man gets life sentence in killing over Santeria |date=January 15, 2012 |via=NorthIowaToday.com |access-date=February 10, 2017 |archive-date=February 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075927/http://northiowatoday.com/2012/01/15/man-gets-life-sentence-in-killing-over-santeria/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
Its cultural diversity is reflected in the music and musicians who have come from or through Philadelphia: the R&B styles of ] and ], the ] of ], ], and ], the rock of ], ], and ], the hip hop of ], the electronic-funk of ], and the opera of ]. | |||
===Languages=== | |||
Famed comedian ] was born and raised in Philadelphia as well as actors ], ], ], ], and ]. Others, like ], were born in Philadelphia, but moved elsewhere in their youths. ] (of TV's ], set in Philly), was born in Ohio but attended Philadelphia's Temple University. | |||
{{As of|2010}}, 79.12% (1,112,441) of Philadelphia residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a ], while 9.72% (136,688) spoke Spanish, 1.64% (23,075) Chinese, 0.89% (12,499) ], 0.77% (10,885) Russian, 0.66% (9,240) French, 0.61% (8,639) ], 0.58% (8,217) ], 0.56% (7,933) ] (]), and Italian was spoken as a ] by 0.55% (7,773) of the population over the age of five. In total, 20.88% (293,544) of Philadelphia's population age 5 and older spoke a ] other than English.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results |title=Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania |publisher=] |access-date=August 10, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815140430/http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results |archive-date=August 15, 2013 }}</ref> | |||
===Poverty=== | |||
The city also has been home to many business and political figures of note. | |||
Philadelphia is home to many food poverty programs, of which two of the largest are ] which claims to feed 90000 people per week.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Philabundance 2021 |url=https://indd.adobe.com/view/40769621-44c7-40d3-94b1-6136aa1f00be |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928192938/https://indd.adobe.com/view/40769621-44c7-40d3-94b1-6136aa1f00be |archive-date=2022-09-28 |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=indd.adobe.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 16, 2010 |title=A growing need for food relief |url=http://www.philly.com/dailynews/local/20101116_A_growing_need_for_food_relief.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121200334/http://www.philly.com/dailynews/local/20101116_A_growing_need_for_food_relief.html |archive-date=2010-11-21 |access-date=2010-12-07 |website=]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pompilio |first=Natalie |date=November 16, 2010 |title=Relief agencies feel hunger pangs |url=http://www.philly.com/dailynews/local/20101116_Relief_agencies_face_hunger_pangs.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119100612/http://www.philly.com/dailynews/local/20101116_Relief_agencies_face_hunger_pangs.html |archive-date=2010-11-19 |access-date=2010-12-07 |website=]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 18, 2010 |title=Philabundance Seeks Help From Suburbanites For Suburbanites |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/philabundance-seeks-help-from-suburbanites-for-suburbanites/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=] |language=en-US}}</ref> and ] which claims to feed 1 million people per month.<ref>{{cite news |title=How to solve "the lost mile" for hungry Philadelphians |url=https://thephiladelphiacitizen.org/solve-lost-mile-hungry-philadelphians/ |access-date=7 January 2021 |work=The Philadelphia Citizen}}</ref> | |||
== |
==Economy== | ||
{{Main|Economy of Philadelphia}} | |||
Philadelphia is home to some of the country's most prominent radio stations, including two of the nation's leading ] stations, ] at 93.3FM and ] at 94.1FM. Both stations have been breakthrough stations for many contemporary rock bands, and both are widely known in the rock music community for their influence in impacting the country's rock music trends. | |||
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="3" style="background:#9BDDFF;"|'''Top publicly traded companies<br />headquartered in Philadelphia''' | |||
|- style="background:#ccc;" | |||
| '''Corporation'''||'''2019'''<br />'''rank'''||'''Revenue'''<br />'''(billions)''' | |||
|- | |||
|]||32||94.5 | |||
|- | |||
|]||198||15.8 | |||
|- | |||
|]||556||4.7 | |||
|- | |||
|]||634||4.0 | |||
|- | |||
|]||940||2.2 | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="3"|'''Source:''' '']''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://fortune.com/fortune500/2019/search/?hqcity=Philadelphia | title=Fortune 500 | publisher=Fortune | access-date=October 10, 2019 | archive-date=November 11, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111230302/https://fortune.com/fortune500/2019/search/?hqcity=Philadelphia | url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
|} | |||
Philadelphia's close geographical and transportation connections to other large metropolitan economies along the ] of the United States have been cited as offering a significant competitive advantage for business creation and ].<ref name=PhiladelphiaCloseConnectionsEconomicCompetitiveAdvantage>{{cite web|url=https://fransmart.com/why-you-should-start-a-business-in-philadelphia/|title=Why You Should Start a Business in Philadelphia|date=November 8, 2021|publisher=Fransmart News|access-date=November 5, 2022|archive-date=November 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105190855/https://fransmart.com/why-you-should-start-a-business-in-philadelphia/|url-status=live}}</ref> The city is the center of economic activity in both ] and the four-state ] metropolitan region. Five ] companies are headquartered in the city. {{As of|2021}}, the Philadelphia metropolitan area is estimated to produce a ] (GMP) of US$479 billion,<ref name=PhillyMetroGMP2019>{{cite web|title=Gross domestic product (GDP) by metropolitan area|url=https://apps.bea.gov/itable/drilldown.cfm?reqid=70&stepnum=40&Major_Area=5&State=37980&Area=XX&TableId=501&Statistic=1&Year=2019&YearBegin=-1&Year_End=-1&Unit_Of_Measure=Levels&Rank=1&Drill=1&nRange=5|publisher=U.S. ]|access-date=November 1, 2022|archive-date=October 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027140857/https://apps.bea.gov/itable/?reqid=70&stepnum=40&Major_Area=5&State=37980&Area=XX&TableId=501&Statistic=1&Year=2019&YearBegin=-1&Year_End=-1&Unit_Of_Measure=Levels&Rank=1&Drill=1&nRange=5|url-status=live}}</ref> an increase from the $445 billion calculated by the ] for 2017,<ref name=PhillyMetroGMP2017>{{cite web|title=Gross domestic product (GDP) by metropolitan area|url=https://apps.bea.gov/itable/drilldown.cfm?reqid=70&stepnum=40&Major_Area=5&State=37980&Area=XX&TableId=501&Statistic=1&Year=2017&YearBegin=-1&Year_End=-1&Unit_Of_Measure=Levels&Rank=1&Drill=1&nRange=5|publisher=U.S. ]|date=September 18, 2018|access-date=November 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201093147/https://apps.bea.gov/itable/drilldown.cfm?reqid=70&stepnum=40&Major_Area=5&State=37980&Area=XX&TableId=501&Statistic=1&Year=2017&YearBegin=-1&Year_End=-1&Unit_Of_Measure=Levels&Rank=1&Drill=1&nRange=5|archive-date=December 1, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> representing the ]. | |||
In 2005, Philadelphia became the largest city in the United States without a modern rock-format radio station, in part because of the difficulty such a station has in gaining market share from ] and ], two of the country's most popular rock stations. WPLY ] had formerly been a purely Philadelphia-based alternative rock station, but its format was changed to ] in early 2005 by parent company ]. | |||
Philadelphia's economic sectors include ], health care, ], ], trade and transportation, manufacturing, ], ], and tourism. Metropolitan Philadelphia is one of the top five American ] hubs, credited to its proximity to New York City's ] and ].<ref name=PhillyVentureCapitalHub/> Financial activities account for the largest economic sector of the metropolitan area, which is one of the largest ] and research centers in the United States. The city's two largest employers are the federal and city governments. Philadelphia's largest private employer is the ], followed by the ].<ref name = "State of the City 2015"/> | |||
Philadelphia is home to ] (90.9 FM), the Delaware Valley's premier public radio station and ] affiliate. WHYY-FM produces ''']''', and is affiliated with ], which serves Philadelphia but broadcasts out of ]. | |||
===Finance and corporations=== | |||
] (88.5 FM), operated by the University of Pennsylvania, is responsible for launching the careers of many famous artists who couldn't get airplay from the major stations at first. The station is funded to a large extent by listeners who become members. WXPN sponsors a music festival each summer, and they now broadcast worldwide via their website: . | |||
{{main|List of companies based in the Philadelphia area}} | |||
] building, the nation's first ], at 1411 ]]] | |||
The ], acquired by ] in 2007, is a global leader in ] trading.<ref name= PhiladelphiaSemiconductorIndex/> The city is home to the headquarters of ], the nation's largest ] telecommunications corporation; insurance conglomerates ], ], and ]; as well as food services company ], chemical makers ] and ], pharmaceutical companies ], ], ], ] retailers ] and ] and its subsidiary ], automotive parts retailer ], and stainless steel producer ]. | |||
Other corporation headquarters in the city include ], ], and ]. The headquarters of ] and its main ] factory are in the Philadelphia suburb of ]; ], and the U.S. headquarters of ] are headquartered in ], a Philadelphia suburb. ] ] ] is located in suburban ]. Across the ] in adjacent ], ] and ] are both headquartered in the city of ], and ] is headquartered in ] suburban ]. | |||
], La Salle University Radio, is one of Philadelphia's most popular college radio stations. WEXP specializes in alternative music and sports, and was established in 1971. The station is well known for its sports coverage, which is widely considered as some of the most extensive of any college radio station in the United States. WEXP airs over 100 live sports broadcasts every year for six Explorer teams, in four sports (soccer, football, basketball, and baseball). They broadcast worldwide via their website: . | |||
===Tech and biotech=== | |||
] (92.5 FM) is the most listened-to country music station in the northeast, and second most east of the Mississippi, behind only Nashville's ]. | |||
] in ], the tallest building in the ] outside of ] and ]]] | |||
Philadelphia is a hub for ] and ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Eramian|first=Daniel|date=November 2, 2020|title=Is Philadelphia's biotech cluster faltering? Experts say no|url=https://www.statnews.com/2020/11/02/philadelphia-biotech-funding/|access-date=October 24, 2021|website=STAT|language=en-US|archive-date=October 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024161332/https://www.statnews.com/2020/11/02/philadelphia-biotech-funding/|url-status=live}}</ref> Philadelphia and Pennsylvania are attracting new ] ventures.<ref name="PhiladelphiaTechBiotechVentureCapital"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610221717/https://nvca.org/research/venture-monitor/|date=June 10, 2019}} Accessed April 18, 2019.</ref> As of 2024, the ] ranks as one of the Big Five U.S. ] hubs, enabled by its proximity to both the ] and ] of ] and to the ] of Washington, D.C.<ref name=PhillyVentureCapitalHub/><ref name=PhiladelphiaTechBiotechVentureCapital/> | |||
===Tourism=== | |||
] (98.1 FM) is a popular station for oldies. | |||
{{See also|List of tourist attractions in Philadelphia}} | |||
Philadelphia's history attracts many tourists, with the ], which includes the ], ], and other historic sites, received over 5 million visitors in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/inde/parkmgmt/statistics.htm|title=Park Statistics|access-date=February 10, 2015|archive-date=February 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211111955/http://www.nps.gov/inde/parkmgmt/statistics.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The city welcomed 42 million domestic tourists in 2016 who spent $6.8 billion, generating an estimated $11 billion in total economic impact in the city and surrounding four counties of Pennsylvania.<ref name="Visit Philadelphia"/> The annual ] attracts participants from around the United States and internationally to Philadelphia. | |||
===Trade and transportation=== | |||
Philadelphia's current sports talk radio station, ] 610AM, became the city's "Pioneer Radio Voice" on ], ]. The station, which was owned and operated by the Gimbel Brothers Department Store, was the city's first radio station. | |||
{{main|Transportation in Philadelphia}} | |||
], a major ] gateway and transcontinental hub, has undergone a $900 million ] expansion to increase passenger capacity and augment passenger experience, and the airport continues an ongoing capital expenditure program to upgrade facilities and add further amenities.<ref name=PhiladelphiaAirportExpansion1>{{cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/business/philly-airport-gets-16-5-million-federal-grant-for-runway-improvements-20170822.html|title=Philly airport gets $16.5 million federal grant for runway improvements|author=Linda Loyd|newspaper=]|date=August 22, 2017|access-date=June 3, 2018|archive-date=June 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141404/http://www.philly.com/philly/business/philly-airport-gets-16-5-million-federal-grant-for-runway-improvements-20170822.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=PhiladelphiaAirportExpansion2>{{cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/business/airlines-at-phl-agree-to-900-million-in-infrastructure-20170522.html|title=Airlines at PHL agree to $900 million in improvements|author=Linda Loyd|newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=May 22, 2017|access-date=June 3, 2018|archive-date=June 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609190959/http://www.philly.com/philly/business/airlines-at-phl-agree-to-900-million-in-infrastructure-20170522.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The ], having experienced the highest percentage growth by ] loaded in 2017 among major U.S. seaports, has doubled its shipping ] to accommodate super-sized ] shipping vessels since 2018.<ref name=PhiladelphiaSeaportExpansion1>{{cite web|url=https://www.joc.com/port-news/us-ports/port-philadelphia/after-strongest-us-growth-philadelphia-port-double-capacity_20180405.html|title=After strongest US growth, Philadelphia port to double capacity|author=Hugh R. Morley|publisher=JOC|date=April 5, 2018|access-date=June 3, 2018|archive-date=June 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142253/https://www.joc.com/port-news/us-ports/port-philadelphia/after-strongest-us-growth-philadelphia-port-double-capacity_20180405.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Philadelphia's ] is the third-busiest ] rail hub, following ] in ] and ] in Washington, D.C., transporting over 4 million ] passengers annually.<ref name=PhiladelphiaAmtrak>{{cite web |url=https://www.amtrak.com/content/dam/projects/dotcom/english/public/documents/corporate/nationalfactsheets/Amtrak-Corporate-Profile-FY2018-0319.pdf |title=FY 2018 Company Profile |website=www.amtrak.com |access-date=April 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403083153/https://www.amtrak.com/content/dam/projects/dotcom/english/public/documents/corporate/nationalfactsheets/Amtrak-Corporate-Profile-FY2018-0319.pdf |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
==Education== | |||
{{seealso2|Philadelphia in film and television|List of radio stations in the Philadelphia market}} | |||
{{Main|Education in Philadelphia}} | |||
{{See also|Free Library of Philadelphia}} | |||
===Primary and secondary education=== | |||
{{see also|School District of Philadelphia}} | |||
], established in 1689, the nation's oldest ] school]] | |||
Education in Philadelphia is provided by many private and public institutions. The ] is the local school district, operating ], in all of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st42_pa/schooldistrict_maps/c42101_philadelphia/DC20SD_C42101.pdf|title=2020 census - school district reference map: Philadelphia County, PA|publisher=]|accessdate=July 22, 2022|archive-date=July 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722220327/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st42_pa/schooldistrict_maps/c42101_philadelphia/DC20SD_C42101.pdf|url-status=live}} - {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722220329/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st42_pa/schooldistrict_maps/c42101_philadelphia/DC20SD_C42101_SD2MS.txt |date=July 22, 2022 }}</ref> The Philadelphia School District is the eighth-largest ] in the nation<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.phila.k12.pa.us/about/ | title=About Us – The School District of Philadelphia | publisher=Philadelphia School District | access-date=April 27, 2015 | archive-date=May 8, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508103158/http://www.phila.k12.pa.us/about/ | url-status=live }}</ref> with 142,266 students in 218 traditional public schools and 86 ] {{As of|2014|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.phila.k12.pa.us/about/#schools | title=About Us – Schools – The School District of Philadelphia | access-date=April 27, 2015 | archive-date=May 8, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508103158/http://www.phila.k12.pa.us/about/#schools | url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
The city's K-12 enrollment in district–run schools dropped from 156,211 students in 2010 to 130,104 students in 2015. During the same time period, the enrollment in charter schools increased from 33,995 students in 2010 to 62,358 students in 2015.<ref name="State of the City 2015" /> This consistent drop in enrollment led the city to close 24 of its public schools in 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/08/education/philadelphia-officials-vote-to-close-23-schools.html | title=Philadelphia Officials Vote to Close 23 Schools | website=The New York Times | date=March 7, 2013 | access-date=April 27, 2015 | author=Hurdle, Jon | archive-date=May 6, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506111743/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/08/education/philadelphia-officials-vote-to-close-23-schools.html? | url-status=live }}</ref> During the 2014 school year, the city spent an average of $12,570 per pupil, below the average among comparable urban school districts.<ref name="State of the City 2015" /> | |||
Graduation rates among district-run schools, meanwhile, steadily increased in the ten years from 2005. In 2005, Philadelphia had a district graduation rate of 52%. This number increased to 65% in 2014, still below the national and state averages. Scores on the state's standardized test, the ] (PSSA) trended upward from 2005 to 2011 but subsequently decreased. In 2005, the district-run schools scored an average of 37.4% on math and 35.5% on reading. The city's schools reached their peak scores in 2011 with 59.0% on math and 52.3% on reading. In 2014, the scores dropped significantly to 45.2% on math and 42.0% on reading.<ref name="State of the City 2015" /> | |||
Of the city's public high schools, including charter schools, only four performed above the national average on the ] (1497 out of 2400<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/average-sat-score-2014-2014-10 | title=The Average SAT Score Last Year Was Just Under 1500 | website=Business Insider | date=October 7, 2014 | access-date=April 27, 2015 | author=Jacobs, Peter | archive-date=April 30, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430060215/http://www.businessinsider.com/average-sat-score-2014-2014-10 | url-status=live }}</ref>) in 2014: ], ], ], and ]. All other district-run schools were below average.<ref name="State of the City 2015" /> | |||
===Higher education=== | |||
{{See also|List of colleges and universities in Philadelphia}} | |||
], an ] university in Philadelphia founded in 1749 by ] and one of the world's highest-ranked universities]] | |||
] at the ] in Philadelphia, one of the world's most prestigious ]s]] | |||
Medical and research facilities of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and the ]. Philadelphia has the third-largest student concentration on the ], with more than 120,000 college and university students enrolled within the city and nearly 300,000 in the metropolitan area.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.citylab.com/design/2012/08/americas-leading-college-towns/3054/ | title=America's Leading College Towns | publisher=The Atlantic: City Lab | date=August 27, 2012 | access-date=April 27, 2015 | author=Florida, Richard | newspaper=Bloomberg.com | archive-date=May 12, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512235409/http://www.citylab.com/design/2012/08/americas-leading-college-towns/3054/ | url-status=live }}</ref> More than 80 colleges, universities, trade, and specialty schools are in the Philadelphia region. One of the founding members of the ] is in the city, the ], an ] institution with claims to be the ].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Brownlee|first1=David B.|last2=Thomas|first2=George E.|title=Building America's First University: An Historical and Architectural Guide to the University of Pennsylvania|date=2000|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=0812235150}}</ref> | |||
The city's largest university by student enrollment is ], followed by ].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/blog/sharon-oliver/2011/10/the-phila-areas-biggest-colleges.html | title=The Phila. area's biggest colleges | publisher=Philadelphia Business Journal | date=October 21, 2011 | access-date=April 27, 2015 | author=Oliver, Sharon | archive-date=May 30, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530021503/http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/blog/sharon-oliver/2011/10/the-phila-areas-biggest-colleges.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The city's nationally ranked research universities comprise the University of Pennsylvania, Temple University, Drexel University, and ]. Philadelphia is also home to five schools of medicine: ], ], ], ], and Thomas Jefferson University's ]. Hospitals, universities, and higher education research institutions in Philadelphia's four congressional districts received more than $252 million in ] grants in 2015.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://report.nih.gov/award/index.cfm?ot=&fy=2015&state=PA&ic=&fm=&orgid=&distr=PA1,PA2,PA8,PA13&rfa=&om=n&pid=&view=statedetail# | title=NIH Awards by Location & Organization | date=April 20, 2015 | access-date=April 27, 2015 | archive-date=June 19, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619085721/http://report.nih.gov/award/index.cfm?ot=&fy=2015&state=PA&ic=&fm=&orgid=&distr=PA1,PA2,PA8,PA13&rfa=&om=n&pid=&view=statedetail | url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
Other institutions of higher learning within the city's borders include: | |||
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==Culture== | |||
{{Main|Culture of Philadelphia}} | |||
{{See also|List of National Historic Landmarks in Philadelphia|List of sites of interest in Philadelphia|List of tourist attractions in Philadelphia}} | |||
] at 300 ], home of the ]]] | |||
Philadelphia is home to many ] that relate to the founding of the United States. ] is the center of these historical landmarks and one of the country's 22 ] ]s. ], where the ] was signed, and the ] is housed, are among the city's most popular attractions. Other national historic sites include the homes of ] and ], and early government buildings, including the ] and the ], ], and the ].<ref name=NHLP>{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/nhl/find/statelists/pa/PA.pdf |title=Listing of National Historic Landmarks by State – Pennsylvania (169) |access-date=October 4, 2017 |date=January 2017 |publisher=National Park Service |archive-date=August 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801101946/https://www.nps.gov/nhl/find/statelists/pa/PA.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Philadelphia alone has 67 ]s, the third most of any city in the country.<ref name=NHLP/> | |||
Philadelphia's major science museums include the ], which contains the ], the ], the ], and the ]. History museums include the ], the ], the ], the ], the ], the ], the Masonic Library and Museum of Pennsylvania in the ], and the ]. Philadelphia is home to the United States's first ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philadelphiazoo.org/About-the-Zoo.aspx |title=Philadelphia Zoo: About |publisher=Philadelphia Zoo |access-date=April 29, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330192449/http://www.philadelphiazoo.org/About-the-Zoo.aspx |archive-date=March 30, 2015 }}</ref> and ],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pennmedicine.org/about |title=About Penn Medicine: History |publisher=Penn Medicine |access-date=March 4, 2018 |archive-date=March 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315151426/https://www.pennmedicine.org/about |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as ], one of America's oldest and largest urban parks,<ref name=tplrank/> founded in 1855.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phila.gov/ParksandRecreation/history/departmenthistory/parksystemhistory/Pages/default.aspx |title=Philadelphia Park System History |publisher=City of Philadelphia |access-date=April 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330223316/http://www.phila.gov/ParksandRecreation/history/departmenthistory/parksystemhistory/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=March 30, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
The city is home to important archival repositories, including the ], established in 1731 by ] at 1314 ],<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305181140/http://librarycompany.org/about-lcp/ |date=March 5, 2018 }}. ''librarycompany.org''. The Library Company of Philadelphia. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</ref> and the ], founded in 1814.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107194252/http://www.philaathenaeum.org/mission.html |date=January 7, 2013 }}. ''philaathenaeum.org''. The Athenaeum of Philadelphia. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</ref> The ] is the country's oldest denominational historical society, organized in 1852.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305144226/https://www.history.pcusa.org/about |date=March 5, 2018 }}. ''history.pcusa.org''. The Presbyterian Historical Society. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</ref> | |||
===Arts=== | |||
{{see also|List of museums in Philadelphia|List of public art in Philadelphia|Mummers Parade}} | |||
]]] | |||
] by ] at 325 ] in ]]] | |||
The city is home to multiple art museums, including the ] and the ], which holds the largest collection of work by ] outside France. The city's largest art museum, the ], is one of the ]. The long flight of ] to the Art Museum's main entrance became famous after the film '']'' (1976).<ref name="Dallasnews">{{Cite journal|first=Jerome |last=Weeks |date=August 2006 |title=Philly goes the distance |journal=The Dallas Morning News |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/fea/travel/unitedstates/stories/DN-philly_0806tra.State.Edition1.508ad59.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820112528/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/fea/travel/unitedstates/stories/DN-philly_0806tra.State.Edition1.508ad59.html |archive-date=August 20, 2006 }}</ref> | |||
Annual events include the ], held annually each October, the ], the nation's longest-running continuously held ] parade, and the ], the nation's longest continuously held folk parade, which is held every ] predominantly on ]. | |||
Areas such as ] and the ] section of the city have a vibrant night life. The ] in ] contains many restaurants and theaters, such as the ], home of the ], and the ], home of ] and the ].<ref name="Dallasnews" /> The ] and the ] at the ] produce a variety of new plays.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026155025/https://wilmatheater.org/history/ |date=October 26, 2009 }}. ''wilmatheater.org''. Retrieved March 2, 2018.</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302164621/http://philadelphiatheatrecompany.org/about/ |date=March 2, 2018 }}. ''philadelphiatheatrecompany.org''. Retrieved March 2, 2018.</ref> Several blocks to the east are the ] at ];<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305105715/http://www.lanterntheater.org/ |date=March 5, 2018 }}. ''lanterntheater.org''. Retrieved March 2, 2018.</ref> and the ], a ] stated to be the oldest and most subscribed-to ] in the ], founded in 1809.<ref name=WalnutStreetTheatreOldest> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090718224049/http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=817 |date=July 18, 2009 }}. ''ExplorePAhistory.com''. Retrieved May 4, 2019.</ref> In May 2019, the Walnut Street Theatre announced a major expansion to begin in 2020.<ref name=WalnutStreetTheatreExpansion2020>{{cite news|url=https://www.philly.com/arts/walnut-street-theatre-expansion-theater-in-the-round-parking-lot-20190504.html|title=Walnut Street Theatre announces a major expansion, set to start in 2020|author=John Timpane|newspaper=]|date=May 4, 2019|access-date=May 4, 2019|quote=The Walnut Street Theatre announced Saturday evening that fund-raising is now underway for a substantial new wing of the building. Plans would expand the 210-year-old theater's footprint partway into the parking lot next door and add a 400-seat theater in the round. The three-story, 35,000-square-foot addition would break ground in May 2020 and be completed in 2022.|archive-date=May 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504234103/https://www.philly.com/arts/walnut-street-theatre-expansion-theater-in-the-round-parking-lot-20190504.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ], Pennsylvania's oldest African-American theatre, is located on North Broad Street. | |||
Philadelphia has more ] than any other American city.<ref>{{cite web | |||
| url=http://www.visitphilly.com/music-art/public-art/ | |||
| title=Public Art | |||
| publisher=Greater Philadelphia Tourism Marketing Corporation | |||
| access-date=May 31, 2010 | |||
| archive-date=July 27, 2011 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727101301/http://www.visitphilly.com/music-art/public-art/ | |||
| url-status=live | |||
}}</ref> In 1872, the ], formerly the Fairmount Park Art Association, was created as the first private association in the United States dedicated to integrating public art and ].<ref>{{Cite journal | |||
|first=Joanne | |||
|last=Aitken | |||
|date=September 2, 2004 | |||
|title=Forget Paris | |||
|journal=City Paper | |||
|url=http://www.citypaper.net/articles/2004-09-02/cityspace.shtml | |||
|url-status=dead | |||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203103019/http://www.citypaper.net/articles/2004-09-02/cityspace.shtml | |||
|archive-date=December 3, 2007 | |||
}}</ref> In 1959, lobbying by the Artists Equity Association helped create the ] ], the first for a U.S. city.<ref>{{cite web | |||
| url=http://www.publicartreview.org/pdf/wetenhall.pdf | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901030011/http://www.publicartreview.org/pdf/wetenhall.pdf | |||
| archive-date=September 1, 2006 | |||
| title=About A Brief History of Percent-For-Art in America | |||
| last= Wetenhall | first=John | |||
| publisher=Public Art Review | |||
| access-date=September 24, 2006 }}</ref> The program, which has funded more than 200 pieces of public art, is administered by the Philadelphia Office of Arts and Culture, the city's art agency.<ref>{{cite web | |||
| url=http://associationforpublicart.org/public-art-gateway/public-art-agencies/ | |||
| title=Office of Art and Culture | |||
| access-date=December 24, 2013 | |||
| archive-date=November 3, 2013 | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103181410/http://associationforpublicart.org/public-art-gateway/public-art-agencies/ | |||
| url-status=live | |||
}}</ref> The city has more murals than any other American city, due to the 1984 creation of the Department of Recreation's ], which seeks to beautify neighborhoods and provide an outlet for ] artists. The program has funded more than 2,800 ]s by professional, staff and volunteer artists and educated more than 20,000 youth in underserved neighborhoods throughout Philadelphia.<ref>{{cite web | |||
| url=http://www.muralarts.org/about/ | |||
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208070210/http://www.muralarts.org/about/ | |||
| archive-date=December 8, 2007 | |||
| title=Mural Arts Program About page | |||
| access-date=November 27, 2007 }}</ref> | |||
The city is home to a number of art organizations, including the regional art advocacy nonprofit Philadelphia Tri-State Artists Equity,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Schira |first1=Ron |title=Art review: GoggleWorks' 'Artists Equity' show proves uneven |url=http://www2.readingeagle.com/article.aspx?id=444811 |website=Reading Eagle |access-date=November 27, 2019 |language=en |date=January 20, 2013 |archive-date=February 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226103221/http://www2.readingeagle.com/article.aspx?id=444811 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the ], one of the country's oldest artists' clubs,<ref name="time">{{cite magazine |title=Art: Windfall |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,772330,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014064937/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,772330,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 14, 2010 |magazine=]| date=January 15, 1940 |access-date=March 2, 2018}}</ref> and ], started by women excluded from the Sketch Club.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Van Hook |first=Bailey |date=January 1, 2009 |title=The Early Career of Violet Oakley, Illustrator |jstor=40605220 |journal=Woman's Art Journal |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=29–38}}</ref> Many ] art galleries stay open late on the ] event of each month.<ref>{{cite news |title=What To Do For First Friday In Philly This January |url=http://www.uwishunu.com/2017/01/celebrate-first-friday-philly-january-6/#sm.000nnbzwxvrrcxq114e2340gzulvn |author=Jillian Wilson |newspaper=Visit Philadelphia |date=January 5, 2017 |access-date=March 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911205222/http://www.uwishunu.com/2017/01/celebrate-first-friday-philly-january-6/#sm.000nnbzwxvrrcxq114e2340gzulvn |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
===Music=== | |||
{{Main|Music of Philadelphia}} | |||
] at 1726 ] in ], one of the world's premier ]]] | |||
The ] is generally considered one of the ] in the United States. The orchestra performs at the ]<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123409/https://www.philorch.org/kimmel-center#/ |date=July 9, 2018 }}. ''philorch.org''. The ] Association. Retrieved April 13, 2018.</ref> and has a ] at the ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123401/https://www.philorch.org/mann-center-performing-arts#/ |date=July 9, 2018 }}. ''philorch.org''. The Philadelphia Orchestra Association. Retrieved April 13, 2018.</ref> ] performs at the nation's oldest continually operating opera house—the ].<ref name="Dallasnews" /> The ] has performed its music all over the world.<ref name="aboutus">{{cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.phillyboyschoir.org/programs-choir |publisher=Philadelphia Boys Choir |access-date=March 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218205841/http://www.phillyboyschoir.org/programs-choir |archive-date=December 18, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ] plays orchestral versions of popular ], ], ], and ] songs at the Kimmel Center and other venues within the ] region.<ref name=POPS>{{cite web|title=About The Philly POPS|url=http://www.phillypops.org/about-us.php|website=phillypops.org|date=January 13, 2015|publisher=Encore Series, Inc.|access-date=March 2, 2018|archive-date=February 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206004221/http://phillypops.org/about-us.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> The ] is one of the world's premier ] and among the most selective institutes of higher education in the nation.<ref name=PV>{{cite web|url=https://www.phillyvoice.com/curtis-institute-music-ranked-most-selective-college-us/|title=Curtis Institute of Music ranked most selective college in U.S.|author=Michael Tanenbaum|date=January 29, 2016|work=Philly Voice|access-date=January 28, 2020|archive-date=March 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305224847/https://www.phillyvoice.com/curtis-institute-music-ranked-most-selective-college-us/|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Philadelphia has played a prominent role in the ]. The culture of ] has been influenced by significant contributions of Philadelphia area musicians and producers, in both the recording and broadcasting industries. In 1952, the teen dance party program called ''Bandstand'' premiered on local television, hosted by ]. The show was renamed '']'' in 1957, when it began national syndication on ], hosted by ] and produced in Philadelphia until 1964 when it moved to Los Angeles.<ref>Rodney Buxton {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803075751/http://www.museum.tv/eotv/americanband.htm |date=August 3, 2018 }}. ''museum.tv''. ]. Retrieved April 9, 2018.</ref> Promoters marketed youthful musical artists known as ]s to appeal to the young audience. Philadelphia-born singers such as ], ], ], ], and ], along with ]-raised ], topped the music charts, establishing a clean-cut ] image. | |||
] music of the late 1960s–1970s is a highly produced version of ] which led to later forms of popular music such as ] and ] ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713161932/https://www.allmusic.com/style/philly-soul-ma0000002776 |date=July 13, 2020 }}. ''allmusic.com''. Retrieved March 2, 2018.</ref> On July 13, 1985, ] was the American venue for the ] concert.<ref name="CNN"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411235204/http://edition.cnn.com/2005/SHOWBIZ/Music/07/01/liveaid.memories/index.html |date=April 11, 2020 }}. CNN. Retrieved March 2, 2018.</ref> The city also hosted the ] concert, which attracted about 700,000 people to the ] on July 2, 2005.<ref>{{cite web | |||
|author=Rodney Kim | |||
|title=Live 8 Philadelphia Review | |||
|url=http://www.live8.us/philadelphia/blog.html | |||
|date=July 2, 2005 | |||
|access-date=April 24, 2007 | |||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061214110945/http://www.live8.us/philadelphia/blog.html | |||
|archive-date=December 14, 2006 | |||
}}</ref> | |||
Notable rock and pop musicians from Philadelphia and its suburbs include ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and others. | |||
===Cuisine=== | |||
{{Main|Cuisine of Philadelphia}} | |||
] (foreground) and ] (background) in ]]] | |||
The city is known for its ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]s, and the ] sandwich which was developed by Italian immigrants.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/hp/news_update/20070730_Ricks_Steaks_takes_Reading_Terminal_Market_dispute_to_court.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124113843/http://www.philly.com/philly/hp/news_update/20070730_Ricks_Steaks_takes_Reading_Terminal_Market_dispute_to_court.html |archive-date=January 24, 2008 |title=Rick's Steaks takes Reading Terminal Market dispute to court |date=July 30, 2007 |first=Katie |last=Stuhldreher |publisher=philly.com |access-date=July 30, 2007}}</ref> The Philadelphia area has many establishments that serve cheesesteaks, including restaurants, ]s, ]s and pizza parlors.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306044642/http://www.visitphilly.com/articles/philadelphia/top-10-spots-for-authentic-philly-cheesesteaks/ |date=March 6, 2018 }}. ''visitphilly.com''. Retrieved March 5, 2018.</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306022821/https://www.foodnetwork.com/restaurants/photos/best-cheesesteak-philadelphia |date=March 6, 2018 }}. ''foodnetwork.com''. Retrieved March 5, 2018.</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305202852/https://www.grubhub.com/delivery/pa-philadelphia/cheesesteaks |date=March 5, 2018 }}. ''grubhub.com''. Retrieved March 5, 2018.</ref> The originator of the thinly-sliced steak sandwich in the 1930s, initially without cheese, is ], which faces its rival ], founded in 1966,<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305202442/http://www.genosteaks.com/about/ |date=March 5, 2018 }}. ''genosteaks.com''. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</ref> across the intersection of 9th Street and Passyunk Avenue in the ] of ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305142733/http://www.philly.com/philly/food/restaurants/Pats_King_Of_Steaks.html |date=March 5, 2018 }}. ''philly.com''. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</ref> | |||
], opened in 1860 on Drury Street in ], is the oldest continuously operated tavern in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mcgillins.com/history/ |title=McGillin's History |publisher=McGillin's Olde Ale House |access-date=March 4, 2018 |archive-date=March 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311012717/http://mcgillins.com/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The ] is a replica of a historic 18th-century building first opened in 1773, demolished in 1854 after a fire, and rebuilt in 1975 on the same site as part of ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305232441/https://www.citytavern.com/city-tavern-timeline/ |date=March 5, 2018 }}. ''citytavern.com''. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</ref> The tavern offers authentic 18th-century recipes, served in seven period dining rooms, three wine cellar rooms and an outdoor garden.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305181304/https://www.citytavern.com/private-affairs/ |date=March 5, 2018 }}. ''citytavern.com''. Retrieved March 4, 2018.</ref> | |||
The ] is a historic ] founded in 1893 in the ] building, a designated National Historic Landmark. The enclosed market is one of the oldest and largest markets in the country, hosting over a hundred merchants offering ] specialties, ] and meat, locally grown groceries, and specialty and ethnic foods.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://readingterminalmarket.org/about-us/ |title=Reading Terminal Market: About the market |publisher=Reading Terminal Market |access-date=March 4, 2018 |archive-date=March 5, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305142710/https://readingterminalmarket.org/about-us/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
===Dialect=== | |||
{{Main|Philadelphia English}} | |||
The traditional Philadelphia accent is considered by some ]s to be the most distinctive accent in North America.<ref name="Fades Out"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410041829/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/opinion/sunday/the-sound-of-philadelphia-fades-out.html?_r=0 |date=April 10, 2014 }} "The Sound of Philadelphia Fades Out" Daniel Nester March 1, 2014</ref> The Philadelphia dialect, which is spread throughout the ] and ], is part of a larger ] family, a designation that also includes the ]. Additionally, it shares many similarities with the ]. Owing to over a century of linguistic data collected by researchers at the ] under sociolinguist ], the Philadelphia dialect has been one of the best-studied forms of ].<ref>{{cite journal| first=Matthew J.| last=Gordon| doi= 10.1177/0075424206294308| title=Interview with William Labov| journal=Journal of English Linguistics| volume=34|year=2006| pages=332–51| issue=4| s2cid=144459634| issn = 0075-4242}}</ref><ref name="Avril_2012">{{cite news |title= Penn linguist Labov wins Franklin Institute award |author= Tom Avril |url= http://www.philly.com/philly/health/20121022_Penn_linguist_Labov_wins_Franklin_Institute_award.html |newspaper= The Philadelphia Inquirer |date= October 22, 2012 |access-date= October 23, 2012 |archive-date= October 24, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121024045341/http://www.philly.com/philly/health/20121022_Penn_linguist_Labov_wins_Franklin_Institute_award.html |url-status= live }}</ref>{{efn|1= E.g., in the opening chapter of ''The Handbook of Language Variation and Change'' (ed. Chambers et al., Blackwell 2002), J.K. Chambers writes that "variationist sociolinguistics had its effective beginnings only in 1963, the year in which William Labov presented the first sociolinguistic research report"; the dedication page of the ''Handbook'' says that Labov's "ideas imbue every page".}} The accent is especially found within the Irish American and Italian American working-class neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rocca |first=Mo |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/philadelphia-mid-atlantic-dialect-accent-democratic-national-convention-2016/ |title=An earful and accent that's distinctly Philly |publisher=] |date=July 26, 2016 |access-date=February 14, 2017 |archive-date=February 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215114603/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/philadelphia-mid-atlantic-dialect-accent-democratic-national-convention-2016/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Philadelphia also has its own unique collection of ]s and slang terms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://phillytalk.com/philly-slang|title=Philly Slang|publisher=PhillyTalk.com|access-date=February 15, 2017|archive-date=February 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215211047/http://phillytalk.com/philly-slang|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
==Sports== | |||
{{Main|Sports in Philadelphia}} | |||
{{See also|Philadelphia 76ers|Philadelphia Flyers|Philadelphia Eagles|Philadelphia Phillies|Philadelphia Union}} | |||
{{multiple image | |||
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] are awarded the ] after winning ] on February 4, 2018]] | |||
] in ], home of the two-time ] champion ] of the ] (NHL) and three-time champion ] of the ] (NBA)]] | |||
] at night on the ], a symbol of the city's rich ] history]] | |||
Philadelphia's first professional sports team was baseball's ], organized in 1860.<ref>Jordan, David M (1999). ''The Athletics of Philadelphia: Connie Mack's White Elephants, 1901–1954''. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. {{ISBN|0-7864-0620-8}}</ref> The Athletics were initially an ] team that ] in 1871, and then became a founding team of the current ] in 1876.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628074009/http://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/P/FR_PHN.htm |date=June 28, 2017 }}. ''retrosheet.org''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref> The city is one of 13 U.S. cities to have teams in ]: the ] of ] (MLB), the ] of the ] (NFL), the ] of the ] (NHL), and the ] of the ] (NBA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nba.com/sixers/76ers-team-history|title=76ers Team History|website=]|access-date=May 14, 2022|archive-date=May 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514230231/https://www.nba.com/sixers/76ers-team-history|url-status=live}}</ref> The Phillies, formed in 1883 as the Quakers and renamed in 1884,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Team-by-Team Encyclopedia of Major League Baseball |last=Purdy |first=Dennis |year=2006 |publisher=] |location=New York City |isbn=0-7611-3943-5 }}</ref> are the oldest team continuously playing under the same name in the same city in the history of American professional sports.<ref>{{cite web |title=History: Phillies Timeline (1800s) |publisher=Philadelphia Phillies |url=http://philadelphia.phillies.mlb.com/phi/history/timeline01.jsp |access-date=March 6, 2018 |archive-date=October 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014020847/http://philadelphia.phillies.mlb.com/phi/history/timeline01.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
The Philadelphia metro area is also home to the ] of ] (MLS). The Union began playing their home games in 2010 at ] Park, a ] in ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.mlsnet.com/news/mls_news.jsp?ymd=20080228&content_id=140965&vkey=pr_mls&fext=.jsp |title=MLS awards Philadelphia 2010 expansion team |date=February 28, 2008 |access-date=February 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302202651/http://web.mlsnet.com/news/mls_news.jsp?ymd=20080228&content_id=140965&vkey=pr_mls&fext=.jsp |archive-date=March 2, 2008}}</ref> The stadium's name was changed to ] Stadium in 2016<ref>{{cite web|title=Talen Energy Assumes Stadium Naming Rights|work=Philadelphia Union|url=http://www.philadelphiaunion.com/post/2015/11/30/talen-energy-assumes-stadium-naming-rights|access-date=December 1, 2015|archive-date=December 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208061627/http://www.philadelphiaunion.com/post/2015/11/30/talen-energy-assumes-stadium-naming-rights|url-status=live}}</ref> and to ] in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://njbiz.com/subaru-of-america-philly-metro-area-mls-stadium-naming-rights/|title=Subaru scores naming rights to Philly metro area MLS stadium|website=njbiz.com|date=February 18, 2020|access-date=February 19, 2020|archive-date=February 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219023207/https://njbiz.com/subaru-of-america-philly-metro-area-mls-stadium-naming-rights/|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Philadelphia was the second of eight American cities to have won titles in all four major leagues (MLB, NFL, NHL and NBA), and also has a title in soccer from the now-defunct ] in the 1970s. The city's professional teams and their fans endured 25 years without a championship, from the 76ers ] win<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021203847/https://www.basketball-reference.com/playoffs/1983-nba-finals-lakers-vs-76ers.html |date=October 21, 2021 }}. ''basketball-reference.com''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref> until the Phillies ] win.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606135647/https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/2008_WS.shtml |date=June 6, 2022 }}. ''baseball-reference.com''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Does the Curse of Billy Penn Continue to Haunt Philadelphia?|date=June 12, 2007|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB118165107120832442|first=Jim|last=Chairusmi|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=March 6, 2018|archive-date=March 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306083502/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB118165107120832442|url-status=live}}</ref> The lack of championships was sometimes attributed in jest to the ] after ] became the first building to surpass the height of the ] statue on top of ] tower in 1987.<ref>{{cite web|last=Matza|first=Michael|title=Lifting the curse of William Penn|date=October 22, 2008 |work=philly.com|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/local/20081022_Lifting_the_curse_of_William_Penn.html|access-date=March 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203105408/http://www.philly.com/philly/news/local/20081022_Lifting_the_curse_of_William_Penn.html|archive-date=December 3, 2008}}</ref> After nine years passed without another championship, the Eagles won their first ] following the ].<ref>{{cite news|last=Bergman|first=Jeremy|title=Eagles QB Nick Foles wins Super Bowl LII MVP|url=https://www.nfl.com/news/eagles-quarterback-nick-foles-wins-super-bowl-lii-mvp-0ap3000000914463|publisher=National Football League|date=February 4, 2018|access-date=February 4, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205084920/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000914463/article/eagles-qb-nick-foles-wins-super-bowl-lii-mvp|archive-date=February 5, 2018}}</ref> In 2004, ] placed Philadelphia second on its list of The Fifteen Most Tortured Sports Cities.<ref>Sal Paolantonio. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306011610/http://www.espn.com/espn/page2/story?page=paolantonio/tortured_philadelphia |date=March 6, 2018 }}. ''espn.com''. ESPN Internet Ventures. Retrieved March 5, 2018.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://abc7chicago.com/archive/7489419/|title=Philly reels from loss to Blackhawks|publisher=abclocal.go.com|work=WLS|first=Ravi|last=Baichwal|date=June 10, 2010|access-date=February 25, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628225840/http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=news%2Flocal&id=7489419|archive-date=June 28, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Fans of the Eagles and Phillies were singled out as the worst fans in the country by '']'' magazine in 2011, which used the subtitle of "Meanest Fans in America" to summarize incidents of drunken behavior and a history of ].<ref>Adam Winer (March 17, 2011). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306082919/https://www.gq.com/gallery/worst-sports-fans-in-america |date=March 6, 2018 }}. ''gq.com''. Retrieved March 5, 2018.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/dneagles/Eagles-Phillies-top-GQ-list-of-Worst-Fans-in-America.html |title=Eagles, Phillies top GQ list of 'Worst Fans in America' |date=March 17, 2011 |access-date=June 13, 2015 |archive-date=April 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410141719/https://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/dneagles/Eagles-Phillies-top-GQ-list-of-Worst-Fans-in-America.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
Major professional sports teams that originated in Philadelphia but later moved to other cities include the ] basketball team, which played in Philadelphia from 1946 to 1962<ref>{{cite web|title=Behind The Name – Warriors|url=http://www.nba.com/warriors/news/behind_the_name.html|publisher=National Basketball Association|date=May 10, 2015|access-date=May 11, 2015|archive-date=November 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104003905/http://www.nba.com/warriors/news/behind_the_name.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and the ] baseball team, which was originally the ] and played in Philadelphia from 1901 to 1954.<ref>{{cite book|title=Movin' on Up: Baseball and Phialdephia Then, Now, and Always|last=Burgoyne|first=Tom|year=2004|publisher=B B& A Publishers|isbn=0-9754419-3-0|page=128|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yba-wMVloosC&q=Phillies+Athletics+city+series&pg=PA128|access-date=November 18, 2020|archive-date=October 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027140845/https://books.google.com/books?id=yba-wMVloosC&q=Phillies+Athletics+city+series&pg=PA128#v=snippet&q=Phillies%20Athletics%20city%20series&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Philadelphia is home to professional, semi-professional, and elite amateur teams in ], ] (]), and ]. Major running events in the city include the ] (]), the ], and the ]. The ] is played every June at ] in ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926080111/https://www.usasevenscrc.com/ |date=September 26, 2017 }}. ''usasevenscrc.com''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref> | |||
Rowing has been popular in Philadelphia since the 18th century.<ref name=RWestcott>{{cite web|last1=Westcott|first1=Rich|title=The Early Years of Philadelphia Baseball|url=http://sabr.org/research/early-years-philadelphia-baseball|website=SABR|access-date=November 7, 2014|archive-date=November 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107093207/http://sabr.org/research/early-years-philadelphia-baseball|url-status=dead}}</ref> ] is a symbol of Philadelphia's rich rowing history, and each ] member has its own boathouse.<ref>{{cite web |title=Boathouse Row |publisher=A View on Cities |url=http://www.aviewoncities.com/philadelphia/boathouserow.htm |access-date=June 26, 2015 |archive-date=June 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626133136/http://www.aviewoncities.com/philadelphia/boathouserow.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Philadelphia hosts numerous local and collegiate rowing clubs and competitions, including the annual ], which is the largest ] event in ] with more than 100 U.S. and Canadian colleges and universities participating;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dadvail.org/?About |title=About the Dad Vail Regatta |publisher=Dad Vail Regatta Organizing Committee |access-date=January 24, 2017 |archive-date=June 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626153109/http://www.dadvail.org/?About |url-status=live }}</ref> the annual ], which is billed as the world's oldest and largest rowing event for high school students;<ref>Staff (May. 13, 2007). (archive). ''philly.com''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About The Stotesbury Cup Regatta |url=http://stotesburycupregatta.com/about/ |access-date=June 26, 2015 |date=January 7, 2015 |archive-date=June 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626162638/http://stotesburycupregatta.com/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Head of the Schuylkill Regatta History and Growth |publisher=Head of the Schuylkill Regatta |url=http://hosr.org/about/ |access-date=March 6, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306090856/http://hosr.org/about/ |archive-date=March 6, 2018 }}</ref> The regattas are held on the ] and organized by the ], an association of area rowing clubs that has produced numerous ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Boathouse Row Clubs |publisher=Schuylkill Navy & Boathouse Row |url=http://www.boathouserow.org/index.php/clubs/boathouse-row-clubs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626152303/http://www.boathouserow.org/index.php/clubs/boathouse-row-clubs |archive-date=June 26, 2015 |url-status=unfit |access-date=June 26, 2015}}</ref> | |||
The ] were a professional ] team in ] (MLU) until 2016. The Spinners were one of the original eight teams of the ] (AUDL) that began in 2012. They played at ] and won the inaugural AUDL championship and the final MLU championship in 2016.<ref>Charlie Eisenhood (December 8, 2016). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306090336/https://ultiworld.com/2016/12/08/philly-talent-skirmish-highlights-waning-battle-audl-mlu/ |date=March 6, 2018 }}. ''ultiworld.com''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref> The MLU was suspended indefinitely by its investors in December 2016.<ref>Charlie Eisenhood (December 21, 2016). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306090313/https://ultiworld.com/2016/12/21/breaking-major-league-ultimate-suspends-operations/ |date=March 6, 2018 }}. ''ultiworld.com''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref> {{As of|2018}}, the ] continue to play in the AUDL.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306090353/http://theaudl.com/phoenix/history |date=March 6, 2018 }}. ''theaudl.com''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref> | |||
===Museums, art collections, and sites of interest=== | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] located in ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] and its interpretive center | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] & ] | |||
* ] of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia (museum of medical and pathological oddities and curiosities) | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] (with ']' steps, although Rocky himself is currently installed down at the ]) | |||
* ] | |||
* ] (largest collection of ]'s works outside France) | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ], built in ], is the oldest church in the state. | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] Museum | |||
* ] | |||
* ], the oldest operating theatre in America | |||
Philadelphia is home to the ], a group of five ] ] programs. The Big 5 include ], ], ], ], and ] universities.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408172224/http://www.philadelphiabig5.org/ |date=April 8, 2018 }}. ''philadelphiabig5.org''. ]. Retrieved April 9, 2018.</ref> The sixth NCAA Division I school in Philadelphia is ]. La Salle won the 1954 championship of the ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=1954 NCAA Champions (1984) - Hall of Athletes |url=https://goexplorers.com/honors/hall-of-athletes/1954-ncaa-champions/27 |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=La Salle University Athletics |language=en}}</ref> Villanova won the ],<ref>{{cite news|last=Red|first=Christian|title=30 years ago Villanova shocked Georgetown to win NCAA title|work=New York Daily News|date=March 28, 2015|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/college/heaven-hell-story-behind-villanova-upset-georgetown-article-1.2165574|accessdate=February 5, 2022|archive-date=February 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205053133/https://www.nydailynews.com/sports/college/heaven-hell-story-behind-villanova-upset-georgetown-article-1.2165574|url-status=live}}</ref> ],<ref>Mike DeCourcy (April 5, 2016). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306102226/http://www.sportingnews.com/ncaa-basketball/news/villanova-vs-north-carolina-unc-greatest-national-championship-game-ever/1tur69z83podb11ys3dk0z34xg |date=March 6, 2018 }}. ''sportingnews.com''. Retrieved March 6, 2018.</ref> and ]<ref>{{cite web |first=Zach |last=Schonbrun |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/02/sports/ncaa-championship-villanova-michigan.html |title=Juggernaut Villanova Crushes Michigan for N.C.A.A. Championship |work=The New York Times |date=April 2, 2018 |access-date=April 9, 2018 |archive-date=April 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408064309/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/02/sports/ncaa-championship-villanova-michigan.html |url-status=live }}</ref> championship of the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. Philadelphia will be one of the eleven US host cities for the ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/fifa-to-announce-host-cities-for-fifa-world-cup-2026|title=FIFA announces hosts cities for FIFA World Cup 2026™|access-date=December 28, 2022|archive-date=December 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228153555/https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/fifa-to-announce-host-cities-for-fifa-world-cup-2026|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
{{seealso|List of sites of interest in Philadelphia}} | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
===Sports=== | |||
{|border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=2 width=98% | |||
|- bgcolor="#ADADAD" | |||
|width="150px"|'''Club''' | |||
|width="120px"|'''Sport''' | |||
|width="270px"| '''League''' | |||
|width="180px"| '''Stadium''' | |||
|width="50px"| '''Logo''' | |||
|- | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|]''';''' ] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|- | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|]''';''' ] | |||
|] | |||
|] | |||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="col" | Team | |||
|] | |||
! scope="col" | League | |||
|] | |||
! scope="col" | Sport | |||
|] | |||
! scope="col" | Venue | |||
|] | |||
! scope="col" | Capacity | |||
|] | |||
! scope="col" | Founded | |||
! scope="col" | Championships | |||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | ] | |||
|] | |||
| align=center | ] | |||
|] | |||
| Baseball | |||
|] | |||
|] | | ] | ||
| align=center | 46,528 | |||
|] | |||
| align=center | 1883 | |||
| 1980, 2008 | |||
|- | |- | ||
|] | ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | ] | ||
| align=center | ] | |||
|] | |||
| American football | |||
|] | |||
| ] | |||
|] | |||
| align=center | 69,176 | |||
|] | |||
| align=center | 1933 | |||
| 1948, 1949, 1960, 2017 | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | ] | |||
| align=center | ] | |||
| Basketball | |||
| ] | |||
| align=center | 21,600 | |||
| align=center | 1963 | |||
| ], ] | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | ] | |||
| align=center | ] | |||
| Ice hockey | |||
| ] | |||
| align=center | 19,786 | |||
| align=center | 1967 | |||
| ], ] | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | ] | |||
| align=center | ] | |||
| Soccer | |||
| ] | |||
| align=center | 18,500 | |||
| align=center | 2010 | |||
| none | |||
|- | |||
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | ] | |||
| align=center | ] | |||
| Lacrosse | |||
| ] | |||
| align=center | 19,786 | |||
| align=center | 2018 | |||
|none | |||
|} | |} | ||
==Law and government== | |||
---- | |||
{{See also|Philadelphia City Hall}} | |||
] at 5th and ], Philadelphia's town hall from 1800 to 1854]] | |||
Philadelphia County is a ]. All county functions were assumed by the city in 1952.<ref name="Charter"/> The city has been coterminous with the county since 1854.<ref name=Consolidation/> | |||
Philadelphia's 1952 ] ] was written by the City Charter Commission, which was created by the ] in an act of April 1949, and a city ordinance of June 1949. The existing ] received a proposed draft in February 1951, and the electors approved it in an election held in April 1951.<ref name=PHRC>{{cite web |url=http://www.seventy.org/Files/Philadelphia_Home_Rule_Charter.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525001736/http://www.seventy.org/Files/Philadelphia_Home_Rule_Charter.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 25, 2010 |title=Philadelphia Home Rule Charter, Annotated |access-date=January 31, 2010 |author=Charter Commission |orig-year=1951 |year=1967 |publisher=City of Philadelphia }}</ref> The first elections under the new Home Rule Charter were held in November 1951, and the newly elected officials took office in January 1952.<ref name="Charter">{{cite web | |||
Philadelphia has a long and proud history of professional sports teams. Philadelphia sports fans have a reputation of being devoted to their teams in good times and bad. Of late Philadelphia teams have been performing well, but frequently missing championships by failing during the crucial stages. Some locals half-jokingly attribute this to the ]. The city's last major championship came in ]. The Philadelphia Wings, the indoor lacrosse team, have won six championships between 1989 and 2001. | |||
|title = City Charter Commission | |||
|work = Agency History | |||
|publisher = City of Philadelphia, Department of Records | |||
|date = November 8, 2000 | |||
|url = http://www.phila.gov/phils/Docs/Inventor/graphics/agencies/A142.htm | |||
|access-date = April 18, 2009 | |||
|archive-date = June 29, 2009 | |||
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090629015203/http://www.phila.gov/phils/Docs/Inventor/graphics/agencies/A142.htm | |||
|url-status = live | |||
}}</ref> | |||
The city uses the ] version of the mayor–council form of government, which is led by one mayor in whom ] is vested. The mayor has the authority to appoint and dismiss members of all boards and commissions without the approval of the city council. Elected ], the mayor is limited to two consecutive four-year terms, but can run for the position again after an intervening term.<ref name=PHRC/> | |||
The Eagles, Phillies, Flyers and 76ers have each recently had new venues built for them. The Eagles currently play at ] (informally known as "The Linc") which was built in ]. The Phillies now play at ] (]). The Sixers and Flyers share the ] (]) with the ] (]) ] team. The ] (]) is now home to the Flyers' top farm team, the ] (]), and the ] (]), an ] team. | |||
===Courts=== | |||
The ] (]) play at the stadium of ], which is located in ], Pennsylvania (Delaware County) which is just outside of Philadelphia to the west. The ] are an ] that plays in the ]. | |||
{{See also|District Attorney of Philadelphia|United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit|United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania}} | |||
] is coterminous with the ]. The Philadelphia County ] is the ] of ] for the city, hearing ]-level criminal cases and civil suits above the minimum jurisdictional limit of $10,000. The court has ] over rulings from the ] and Traffic Courts, and some administrative agencies and boards. The trial division has 70 commissioned judges elected by the voters, along with about one thousand other employees.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131051555/http://www.courts.phila.gov/common-pleas/trial/ |date=January 31, 2018 }}. ''courts.phila.gov''. First Judicial District of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref> The court has a family division with 25 judges<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225093508/http://courts.phila.gov/common-pleas/family/ |date=February 25, 2018 }}. ''courts.phila.gov''. First Judicial District of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref> and an orphans' court with three judges.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131180843/http://www.courts.phila.gov/common-pleas/orphans/ |date=January 31, 2018 }}. ''courts.phila.gov''. First Judicial District of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref> | |||
{{As of|2018}}, the city's ] is ], a Democrat.<ref>Chris Brennan & Aubrey Whelan (November 7, 2017). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202022648/http://www.philly.com/philly/news/politics/city/larry-krasner-wins-race-for-philly-da-20171107.html |date=February 2, 2018 }}. ''philly.com''. ''The Philadelphia Inquirer''. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref> The last Republican to hold the office is ], who left in 1991 and later served as the Chief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court from 2008 to 2014.<ref>Peter Hall (January 10, 2015). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207005104/http://www.mcall.com/news/nationworld/pennsylvania/mc-pa-supreme-court-castille-20150110-story.html |date=February 7, 2018 }}. ''mcall.com''. ''The Morning Call''. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref> | |||
In the past Philadelphia has also been home to the ] (], now the ]), and the Philadelphia Warriors (], now the ]). The city's original ] team was the ] (] being a neighborhood located in ]); the club disbanded during the ] football season, then re-emerged under the same ownership two years later as the ]. | |||
The ] handles traffic cases, misdemeanor and felony criminal cases with maximum incarceration of five years, and civil cases involving $12,000 or less ($15,000 in real estate and school tax cases), and all landlord-tenant disputes. The municipal court has 27 judges elected by the voters.<ref name="Municipal Court">{{cite web |url=http://www.courts.phila.gov/municipal/ |title=MunicipalCourt |access-date=February 11, 2010 |date=February 11, 2010 |work=The Philadelphia Courts, First Judicial District of Pennsylvania |archive-date=April 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427033913/http://courts.phila.gov/municipal/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
The ] area is also home to the annual USPRO ], which is the US road racing national championship race. The main feature of the race is the "Manayunk Wall", an inclined street including all of Levering Avenue and a few blocks of Lyceum Avenue. The race has been largely credited with the economic revival of the neighborhood, and cycling is a prominent theme of many of the shops and restaurants in the area. | |||
Pennsylvania's three ]s also have sittings in Philadelphia. The ], the court of last resort in the state, regularly hears arguments in ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206092038/http://www.pacourts.us/courts/supreme-court/calendar |date=February 6, 2018 }}. ''pacourts.us''. The Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref> The ] and the ] also sit in Philadelphia several times a year.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206190233/http://www.pacourts.us/courts/superior-court/calendar |date=February 6, 2018 }}. ''pacourts.us''. The Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206070055/http://www.pacourts.us/courts/commonwealth-court/calendar |date=February 6, 2018 }}. ''pacourts.us''. The Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref> Judges for these courts are elected at large.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206090751/http://www.pacourts.us/learn/how-judges-are-elected |date=February 6, 2018 }}. ''pacourts.us''. The Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref> The state Supreme Court and Superior Court have deputy ] offices in Philadelphia.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206094413/http://www.pacourts.us/courts/supreme-court/prothonotarys-addresses |date=February 6, 2018 }}. ''pacourts.us''. The Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206190258/http://www.pacourts.us/courts/superior-court/prothonotarys-addresses |date=February 6, 2018 }}. ''pacourts.us''. The Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref> | |||
{{seealso|U.S. cities with teams from four major sports}} | |||
Philadelphia is home to the federal ] and the ], both of which are housed in the ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131043206/http://www.paed.uscourts.gov/court-info/court-locations/philadelphia |date=January 31, 2018 }}. ''uscourts.gov''. United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115120827/http://www.ca3.uscourts.gov/court-info/court-location |date=January 15, 2018 }}. ''uscourts.gov''. United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.</ref> | |||
==Government== | |||
{{seealso|List of mayors of Philadelphia}} | |||
] | |||
From a governmental perspective, Philadelphia County is a ], as all county functions were assumed by the city in ], which has been coterminous with the county since ]. | |||
===Politics=== | |||
The city is headed by an elected ] who is limited to two consecutive four-year terms, but can run for the position again after an intervening term. The incumbent is former ] President ] (D), who was elected in 1999, and re-elected by a larger majority in 2003. Philadelphia's mayors have been Democrats since 1955. | |||
{{See also|List of mayors of Philadelphia|Philadelphia City Council|Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania#Politics}} | |||
] at 808 ] hosted the first nominating ] in ]]] | |||
], (]), the 100th and current ]]] | |||
The current mayor is ] who won the election in November 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=Democrat Cherelle Parker elected first female mayor of Philadelphia |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/cherelle-parker-become-first-female-philadelphia-mayor-election-win-rcna122107 |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=NBC News |language=en |archive-date=January 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101051442/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/cherelle-parker-become-first-female-philadelphia-mayor-election-win-rcna122107 |url-status=live }}</ref> Parker's predecessor, ], served two terms from 2016 to January 2024.<ref name=Nutter>{{cite news |url=http://www.economist.com/node/21538192 |newspaper=] |title=Michael Nutter easily wins a second term in City Hall |date=November 12, 2011 |access-date=February 28, 2018 |archive-date=November 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111180025/http://www.economist.com/node/21538192 |url-status=live }}</ref> Parker is a member of the ]. For over seven decades, since 1952, every ] has been a Democrat. | |||
] is the legislative branch which consists of ten council members representing individual districts and seven members elected ], all of whom are elected to four-year terms.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305040633/http://library.amlegal.com/nxt/gateway.dll/Pennsylvania/philadelphia_pa/thephiladelphiacode?f=templates$fn=default.htm$3.0$vid=amlegal:philadelphia_pa |date=March 5, 2018 }}. ''library.amlegal.com''. American Legal Publishing Corp. Retrieved February 28, 2018.</ref> Democrats are currently the majority and hold 14 seats including nine of the ten districts and five at-large seats. Republicans hold one seat: the ] Tenth District. The ] holds two at-large seats making them the council's minority party. The current council president is ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://phlcouncil.com/council-members/ |title=Council Members |website=] |date=November 17, 2015 |access-date=2024-04-13 |archive-date=March 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164446/http://phlcouncil.com/council-members/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
The legislative branch of Philadelphia is the ], which consists of seven council members elected at-large and ten council members from individual districts. The current council president is ]. | |||
Philadelphia's political structure consists of a system of wards and divisions. There are 66 wards with 11 to 51 divisions each for a total of 1703 divisions. Each division elects two committee people who are supposed to live within the division boundaries, and committee people select a leader for their ward.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://seventy.org/political-maps-of-philadelphia/city-wards-and-divisions |title=City Wards and Divisions |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=] |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510005729/https://seventy.org/political-maps-of-philadelphia/city-wards-and-divisions |url-status=live }}</ref> Democrats and Republicans elect their own committee people every four years. The committee person's role is to serve as a point of contact between voters and party officials and help get out the vote.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://seventy.org/uploads/attachments/ckyufrip62b7d5onp7as62k90-how-to-run-for-committee-person-handbook-last-updated-01-24-22.pdf |title=How to Run for Committee Person |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=] |archive-date=January 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106074745/https://seventy.org/uploads/attachments/ckyufrip62b7d5onp7as62k90-how-to-run-for-committee-person-handbook-last-updated-01-24-22.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Most wards are closed which means the ward leader makes sole endorsement decisions; open wards allow committee people to weigh in on these decisions.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thephiladelphiacitizen.org/open-wards-for-all/ |title=Open Wards for All |last=Geeting |first=Jon |date=August 18, 2018 |website=The Philadelphia Citizen }}</ref> There are groups such as {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402232455/https://www.openwardsphilly.com/ |date=April 2, 2024 }} and individuals who are working to elect ward leaders who promote an open ward system.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CW8iDQAAQBAJ |title=Green Shoots of Democracy |last=Bojar |first=Karen |date=2016 |publisher=She Writes Press |isbn=9781631521416 }}</ref> | |||
].]] | |||
The Philadelphia County ], also known as the Court of Common Pleas for the First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, is the ] of general jurisdiction for Philadelphia. It is funded and operated largely by city resources and employees. | |||
{{Pie chart|thumb=right|value1=75.16|value2=11.29|value3=11.04|value4=2.50|color4={{party color|Green Party (United States)}}|color3={{party color|Independent (United States)}}|color2={{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}|color1={{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}|caption=Chart of voter registration|label1=]|label2=]|label3=]|label4=]}} | |||
The Philadelphia ] handles matters of limited jurisdiction as well as landlord-tenant disputes, appeals from traffic court, conducts preliminary examinations for felony-level offenses, and the like. ] is a court of special jurisdiction which hears violations of traffic laws. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
Pennsylvania's three ]s also sit in Philadelphia. The ], which is the court of last resort in the state, regularly hears arguments in ]. Also, the ] and the ] sit in Philadelphia several times a year. Judges for these courts are elected at large. | |||
! colspan="6" | Philadelphia County voter registration statistics as of March 4, 2024<ref name="Voter Registration">{{cite web |author=Pennsylvania Department of State |date=December 18, 2023 |title=Voter registration statistics by county |url=https://www.dos.pa.gov/VotingElections/OtherServicesEvents/VotingElectionStatistics/Documents/currentvotestats.xls |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=dos.pa.gov |format=XLS |archive-date=April 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411021457/https://www.dos.pa.gov/VotingElections/OtherServicesEvents/VotingElectionStatistics/Documents/currentvotestats.xls |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Political Party | |||
! Total Voters | |||
! Percentage | |||
|- | |||
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}} | |||
| ] | |||
| align="center" | 775,851 | |||
| align="center" | 75.00% | |||
|- | |||
| {{party color cell|Republican Party (United States)}} | |||
| ] | |||
| align="center" | 117,639 | |||
| align="center" | 11.37% | |||
|- | |||
| {{party color cell|Independent Party (United States)}} | |||
| No Party Affiliation | |||
| align="center" | 114,990 | |||
| align="center" | 11.11% | |||
|- | |||
| {{party color cell|Green Party (United States)}} | |||
| Minor parties | |||
| align="center" | 25,924 | |||
| align="center" | 2.50% | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Total | |||
! align="center" | 1,034,404 | |||
! align="center" | 100.00% | |||
|} | |||
Philadelphia had historically been a bastion of the ] from the ] until the mid-1930s.<ref>Keels, Thomas H. (2016). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164551/http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/contractor-bosses-1880s-to-1930s/ |date=March 1, 2018 }}. ''philadelphiaencyclopedia.org''. The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301225056/http://www.philly.com/philly/opinion/20160925_Long_before_2016_craziness__there_was_Philadelphia_1935.html |date=March 1, 2018 }}. ''philly.com''. '']''. September 25, 2016. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</ref> In ], the first ] was held at ] at 808 ] in Philadelphia.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301224836/https://www.republicanviews.org/the-birth-of-the-republican-party/ |date=March 1, 2018 }}. ''republicanviews.org''. Republican Views. August 29, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</ref> | |||
==Education== | |||
===Public schools=== | |||
All of Philadelphia is served by the ]. All schools in the district are required to have a ] or a similar dress code. <!--though they are seldom enforced. (Note: Is there a website source for this?)--> | |||
Democratic registrations increased after the ]; however, the city was not carried by Democrat ] in his ], as Pennsylvania was one of only six states won by Republican ]. Voter turnout surged from 600,000 in 1932 to nearly 900,000 in ] and Roosevelt carried Philadelphia with over 60% of the vote. Philadelphia has voted Democratic in every presidential election since 1936. In ], Democrat ] drew 83% of the city's vote. Obama's win was even greater in ], capturing 85% of the vote. In ], Democrat ] won 82% of the vote.<ref name=elections/> | |||
===Private schools=== | |||
Philadelphia is home to the most extensive Catholic education system in the nation. Along with hundreds of parish-driven elementary schools, there are also twelve Catholic high schools within the city ranging from Archdiocesan high schools to private Catholic high schools. | |||
As a result of the previously declining population in the city and state,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-08.pdf|title=Congressional Apportionment 2010 Census Briefs|publisher=]|author=Kristin D. Burnett|date=November 2011|access-date=March 1, 2018|archive-date=November 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119155913/http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-08.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Philadelphia has only three ]s of the 18 districts in Pennsylvania, based on the ] apportionment:<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301225119/https://www.seventy.org/tools/political-maps-of-philadelphia/congressional-districts |date=March 1, 2018 }}. ''seventy.org''. Committee of Seventy. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</ref> ], represented by ]; ], represented by ]; and ], represented by ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164756/https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/PA#representatives |date=March 1, 2018 }}. ''govtrack.us''. Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</ref> All three representatives are Democrats, though Republicans still have some support in the city, primarily in the ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164807/http://phlcouncil.com/BrianONeill |date=March 1, 2018 }}. ''phlcouncil.com''. The Council of the City of Philadelphia. Retrieved February 28, 2018.</ref> ] ran competitive mayoral races as the Republican nominee in ] and ], losing to Democrat ] both times.<ref>Clines, Francis X. (November 4, 1999). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164906/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/04/us/democrat-wins-in-a-squeaker-election-for-mayor-of-philadelphia.html |date=March 1, 2018 }}. '']''. Retrieved February 28, 2018.</ref><ref>Clemetson, Lynette (November 5, 2003). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164914/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/05/us/philadelphia-easily-gives-second-term-to-its-mayor.html |date=March 1, 2018 }}. '']''. Retrieved February 28, 2018.</ref> | |||
===Higher education=== | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
*] | |||
Pennsylvania's longest-serving ], ],<ref>{{cite web|title=Senator Arlen Specter to Teach At Penn Law|url=http://www.law.upenn.edu/blogs/news/archives/2011/01/senator_arlen_specter_to_teach_at_penn_law.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702225529/http://www.law.upenn.edu/blogs/news/archives/2011/01/senator_arlen_specter_to_teach_at_penn_law.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 2, 2011|work=News and Stories|publisher=The University of Pennsylvania School of Law|access-date=February 24, 2012}}</ref> was an ] of the ] who opened his first law practice in Philadelphia.<ref name=SpecterBio> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211233147/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000709 |date=December 11, 2012 }}. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</ref> Specter served as a Republican from 1981 and as a Democrat from 2009, losing that party's primary in ] and leaving office in January 2011.<ref>Toeplitz, Shira (May 18, 2010). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018044009/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0510/37464.html |date=October 18, 2012 }}. '']''. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</ref> He was assistant counsel on the ] in 1964 and the city's district attorney from 1966 to 1974.<ref name=SpecterBio/> | |||
Colleges and universities near Philadelphia include: | |||
*] (formerly Beaver College), located in ] | |||
*] (formerly Academy of the New Church), located in ] | |||
*], located in ] | |||
*], with campuses in ] and ] | |||
*], located in ] | |||
*], ] | |||
*], located in ] | |||
*], located in ] | |||
*], ] | |||
*], ] | |||
*], located in Lincoln University, Pennsylvania | |||
*], located in ] | |||
*], located in ] | |||
*], ] | |||
*], located in ], ] and a graduate campus in ] | |||
*], (formerly Philadelphia College of Textiles and Science) | |||
*], ] | |||
*], ] | |||
*], located in ] | |||
*Temple University's ], located in ] | |||
*], located just outside Pennsylvania in ] | |||
*], located in Collegeville, Montgomery County | |||
*], ] | |||
*], ] | |||
*], ] | |||
Philadelphia has hosted various ], including in ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref name="gtmadonna">{{cite news|last1=Madonna|first1=G. Terry|title=Politically Uncorrected: Presidential nominees and Philadelphia conventions|url=http://www.dailylocal.com/article/DL/20150213/LOCAL1/150219881|access-date=March 30, 2016|publisher=Daily Local News|date=February 13, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414222037/http://www.dailylocal.com/article/DL/20150213/LOCAL1/150219881|archive-date=April 14, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Philadelphia has been home to one vice president, ],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://millercenter.org/president/polk/essays/dallas-1845-vicepresident |title=George M. Dallas (1845–1849) – Vice President |website=millercenter.org |date=October 4, 2016 |publisher=Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia |access-date=March 1, 2018 |archive-date=December 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225140523/https://millercenter.org/president/polk/essays/dallas-1845-vicepresident |url-status=live }}</ref> and one general of the American Civil War, ], who won his party's nomination for president but lost in the general election to ] in 1864.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722013143/https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/scores.html#1864 |date=July 22, 2019 }}. ''archives.gov''. National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</ref> In May 2019, former U.S. Vice President ] chose Philadelphia to be his ] headquarters.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.philly.com/news/joe-biden-2020-presidential-campaign-philadelphia-headquarters-20190516.html|title=Joe Biden chooses Philadelphia for 2020 presidential campaign headquarters|author=Jonathan Tamari|newspaper=]|date=May 16, 2019|access-date=May 17, 2019|archive-date=May 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520221215/https://www.philly.com/news/joe-biden-2020-presidential-campaign-philadelphia-headquarters-20190516.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
==Transportation== | |||
] | |||
Philadelphia is served by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, or ]. SEPTA runs ]es, ]s, ], ]s, and ] around Philadelphia and into the ]s. | |||
=== Environmental policy === | |||
Philadelphia lies directly on ]'s ]. Amtrak's ] is a major ] facility which offers access to ], ], and ] rail lines. | |||
"Green Cities, Clean Water" is an environmental policy initiative based in Philadelphia that has shown promising results in mitigating the effects of climate change.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last1=Shade|first1=Charlotte|last2=Kremer|first2=Peleg|last3=Rockwell|first3=Julia S.|last4=Henderson|first4=Keith G.|date=2020|title=The effects of urban development and current green infrastructure policy on future climate change resilience|url=https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol25/iss4/art37/|journal=Ecology and Society|language=en|volume=25|issue=4|pages=art37|doi=10.5751/ES-12076-250437|issn=1708-3087|doi-access=free|access-date=May 21, 2021|archive-date=May 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509051304/https://ecologyandsociety.org/vol25/iss4/art37/|url-status=live}}</ref> The researchers on the policy have stated that despite such promising plans of ] building, "the city is forecasted to grow warmer, wetter, and more urbanized over the century, runoff and local temperatures will increase on average throughout the city".<ref name=":7" /> Even though landcover predictive models on the effects of the policy initiative have indicated that green infrastructure could be useful at decreasing the amount of runoff in the city over time, the city government would have to expand its current plans and "consider the cobenefit of ] when planning new projects" in limiting the scope of city-wide temperature increase.<ref name=":7" /> | |||
===Public safety=== | |||
] provides ] service to ], ], ], ], ], and ], ], from stations on Locust Street between 16th and 15th, 13th and 12th, and 10th and 9th Streets, and on Market Street at 8th Street. | |||
{{Further|Crime in Philadelphia|Philadelphia crime family}} | |||
====Police and law enforcement==== | |||
===Airports=== | |||
{{Main|Philadelphia Police Department}} | |||
] administration building, known as the Roundhouse, in ] east of ]]] | |||
Two airports, ] and ], reside within the city limits (Philadelphia International also lies in the city limits of ]). Philadelphia International Airport provides domestic and international scheduled air service, while Northeast Philadelphia Airport serves general and corporate aviation. | |||
]]] | |||
In a 2015 report by Pew Charitable Trusts, the ] with the highest rates of violent crime were ] (15th district) and ] (24th district) in the ], and districts to the ] (22nd, 25th, and 35th districts), ] (19th district) and ] (12th district) of ]. Each of those seven districts recorded more than a thousand violent crimes in 2014. The lowest rates of violent crime occurred in Center City, ], the ], and ] districts, the latter of which includes ].<ref name="State of the City 2015">{{cite web |url=http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/Assets/2015/04/2015-State-of-the-City-Report_Web.pdf |title=Philadelphia 2015: The State of the City |website=pewtrusts.org |publisher=The Pew Charitable Trusts |date=March 2015 |access-date=April 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606054538/http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/Assets/2015/04/2015-State-of-the-City-Report_Web.pdf |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
Philadelphia had 500, 503 according to some sources, murders in 1990, a rate of 31.5 per 100,000. An average of about 400 murders occurred each year for most of the 1990s. The murder count dropped in 2002 to 288, then rose to 406 by 2006, before dropping slightly to 392 in 2007.<ref name="mikenutterllc.com">{{cite web |url=https://mikenutterllc.com/news/news-item/philadelphia-homicides-1960-2020 |title=Philadelphia Homicides 1960-2020 |website=mikenutterllc.com |date=February 10, 2021 |access-date=December 22, 2021 |archive-date=December 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202170544/https://mikenutterllc.com/news/news-item/philadelphia-homicides-1960-2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bewley |first=Joel |first2=Jan |last2=Hefler |date=December 11, 2006 |title=Four killings put 2006 total over '05 top |journal=The Philadelphia Inquirer |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_kmtpi/is_200612/ai_n16975780 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209122227/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_kmtpi/is_200612/ai_n16975780 |archive-date=December 9, 2007 }}</ref> A few years later, Philadelphia began to see a rapid decline in homicides and violent crime. In 2013, the city had 246 murders, which is a decrease of nearly 40% since 2006.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/01/01/the-year-in-murder-2013-marks-a-historic-low-for-many-cities.html|title=The Year in Murder: 2013 Marks a Historic Low for Many Cities|newspaper=The Daily Beast|date=January 2014|access-date=February 25, 2014|last1=Zadrozny|first1=Brandy|author-link1=Brandy Zadrozny|archive-date=February 16, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216133414/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/01/01/the-year-in-murder-2013-marks-a-historic-low-for-many-cities.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
===Roads=== | |||
] (I-95) runs through the city along the Delaware River, providing transportation from Florida to Maine. | |||
In 2014, 248 homicides were committed. The homicide rate rose to 280 in 2015, then fell slightly to 277 in 2016, before rising again to 317 in 2017.<ref name="phillypolice.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.phillypolice.com/crime-maps-stats/|title=Crime Maps & Stats – Philadelphia Police Department|access-date=January 24, 2017|archive-date=January 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126201348/https://www.phillypolice.com/crime-maps-stats/|url-status=live}}</ref> Homicides increased dramatically in the late 2010s/early 2020s, reaching 499 homicides in 2020<ref name="mikenutterllc.com"/> and surpassing the 1990 "record" in 2021, with 501st murder on November 27 and 510 by the end of the month.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/sense-of-lawlessness-with-500-killings-2021-is-deadliest-in-philly-history/3057586/ |title='Sense of Lawlessness': With 500 Killings, 2021 Is Deadliest in Philly History |work=NBC10 Philadelphia |first1=Brian X. |last1=McCrone |first2=Rudy |last2=Chinchilla |date=November 25, 2021 |access-date=December 22, 2021 |archive-date=December 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222160707/https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/sense-of-lawlessness-with-500-killings-2021-is-deadliest-in-philly-history/3057586/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Phillie ended the year with 562 murders, an all-time record. It dropped in 2022 to 514, and significantly further again in 2023, to 410. | |||
The city is also served by ], the ], which runs along the Schuylkill River. It meets the ] at ] and provides access to ] and points west. | |||
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://whyy.org/articles/philadelphia-homicides-down-20-percent-2023-da-larry-krasner/ |title=Philly homicides down 20% in 2023, DA Larry Krasner says end of COVID restrictions helped |work=WHYY |last=MacDonald |first=Tom |date=January 4, 2024 |access-date=May 16, 2024}}</ref> | |||
In 2006, Philadelphia's homicide rate of 27.7 per 100,000 people was the highest of the country's 10 most populous cities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://inquirer.philly.com/graphics/homicide_map_2007/ |title=Philadelphia Homicides in 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420104106/http://inquirer.philly.com/graphics/homicide_map_2007/ |archive-date=April 20, 2008 }}</ref> In 2012, Philadelphia had the fourth-highest homicide rate among the country's most populous cities. The rate dropped to 16 homicides per 100,000 residents by 2014 placing Philadelphia as the sixth-highest city in the country.<ref name="State of the City 2015"/> | |||
The number of shootings in the city has declined significantly since the early years of the 21st century. Shooting incidents peaked at 1,857 in 2006 before declining nearly 44 percent to 1,047 shootings in 2014.<ref name="State of the City 2015" /> Major crimes have decreased gradually since a peak in 2006 when 85,498 major crimes were reported. The number of reported major crimes fell 11 percent in three years to 68,815 occurrences in 2014. ]s, which include homicide, rape, aggravated assault, and robbery, decreased 14 percent in three years to 15,771 occurrences in 2014.<ref name="State of the City 2015" /> | |||
], the ], was completed in ] after years of planning. A link between I-95 and I-76, it runs beneath street level through Center City, and connects to the ] at its east end. | |||
In 2014, Philadelphia enacted an ordinance decriminalizing the possession of less than 30 grams of ] or eight grams of ]; the ordinance gave police officers the discretion to treat possession of these amounts as a civil infraction punishable by a $25 ticket, rather than a crime.<ref name="Nuri">{{cite web|url=https://whyy.org/articles/activists-to-celebrate-4-years-of-marijuana-decriminalization-in-philadelphia/|publisher=WHYY|title=Activists to celebrate 4 years of marijuana decriminalization in Philadelphia|first=Trenae |last=Nuri|date=October 19, 2018|access-date=January 20, 2019|archive-date=January 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121064229/https://whyy.org/articles/activists-to-celebrate-4-years-of-marijuana-decriminalization-in-philadelphia/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Goldstein">{{cite web|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/business/cannabis/3-years-after-decriminalization-philly-police-still-hooked-on-marijuana-arrests-20170602.html|work=]|first=Chris |last=Goldstein|title=3 years after decriminalization, Philly police still hooked on marijuana arrests|date=June 5, 2017|access-date=January 20, 2019|archive-date=January 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010908/http://www.philly.com/philly/business/cannabis/3-years-after-decriminalization-philly-police-still-hooked-on-marijuana-arrests-20170602.html|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, Philadelphia was at the largest city in the nation to decriminalize the possession of marijuana.<ref name="Goldstein"/> From 2013 to 2018, marijuana arrests in the city dropped by more than 85%.<ref name="Nuri"/> The purchase or sale of marijuana remains a criminal offense in Philadelphia.<ref name="Goldstein"/> | |||
] and the ] (]) connect ] with Center City. The boulevard was built for the ] as part of the ] movement. In recent years, it has become a traffic bottleneck and includes the second and third most deadly intersections in the country about a mile from each other, according to a study by ]. | |||
====Firefighting==== | |||
The ] (]), was built in 1966 to serve the neighborhoods of ], and runs between ] and ] (]). Plans to extend the highway west into the suburbs were killed by community opposition when the highway was first built. The subsequent severe traffic congestion over the past four decades on adjoining Byberry Road has led to renewed plans for some sort of extension and expansion. Several plans have been suggested that would expand different roads using different design methods to connect to the highway. A final decision has not yet been reached, and undoubtedly the construction phase will continue for several years after the planning stage is completed. | |||
{{main|Philadelphia Fire Department}} | |||
The Philadelphia Fire Department provides ] and ] (EMS). The department's official mission is to protect public safety by quick and professional response to emergencies and the promotion of sound emergency prevention measures. This mandate encompasses all traditional ] functions, including fire suppression, with 60 engine companies and 30 ladder companies<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.phila.gov/phils/docs/inventor/graphics/agencies/a074.htm|title=Fire Department|website=www.phila.gov|access-date=June 14, 2019|archive-date=February 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217152637/https://www.phila.gov/phils/Docs/Inventor/graphics/agencies/A074.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as specialty and support units deployed throughout the city; specialized firefighting units for ] and the ]; investigations conducted by the ]'s office to determine the origins of fires and develop preventive strategies; ] programs to educate the public; and support services including research and planning, management of the fire communications center within the city's ] system, and operation of the Philadelphia Fire Academy. | |||
==Media== | |||
] | |||
{{See also|Media in Philadelphia}} | |||
===Newspapers=== | |||
The ] operates four bridges in the Philadelphia area over the Delaware River to New Jersey: the ] (I-76), the ] (I-676 and ]), the ] (]), and the ] (]). The ] connects ] with ], and is maintained by the ]. | |||
Philadelphia's two major ] are '']'', first published in 1829—the third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the country—and the '']'', first published in 1925.<ref name="Pressa">{{cite web |last=Wilkinson |first=Gerry |url=http://www.phillyppa.com/inquirer.html |title=The History of the Philadelphia Inquirer |publisher=Philadelphia Press Association |access-date=May 27, 2006 |archive-date=March 31, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331032233/http://www.phillyppa.com/inquirer.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The ''Daily News'' has been published as an edition of the ''Inquirer'' since 2009.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Dave |last=Davies |date=March 2, 2009 |title=Daily News to be labeled edition of Inquirer; no change to content, staff |website=Philly.com }}</ref> Recent owners of the ''Inquirer'' and ''Daily News'' have included ], ], and ], with the latter organization declaring bankruptcy in 2010.<ref name="Philadelphia Newspapers Sold Yet Again">{{cite web | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303816504577319640194855170 | title=Philadelphia Newspapers Sold Yet Again | website=The Wall Street Journal | date=April 2, 2012 | access-date=April 30, 2015 | author=Launder, William | archive-date=April 29, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429150059/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303816504577319640194855170 | url-status=live }}</ref> After two years of financial struggle, the newspapers were sold to ] in 2012.<ref name="Philadelphia Newspapers Sold Yet Again" /> The two newspapers had a combined daily circulation of 306,831 and a Sunday circulation of 477,313 {{as of|2013|alt=in 2013}}, the 18th-largest circulation in the country, and their collective website, Philly.com,<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813051316/http://www.philly.com/ |date=August 13, 2011 }}. Philadelphia Media Network (Digital), LLC. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> was ranked 13th in popularity among online U.S. newspapers by ] the same year.<ref name="circulation">{{cite web | url=http://www.burrellesluce.com/sites/default/files/Top_Media_June_2013_FNL%281%29.pdf | title=2013 Top Media Outlets: Newspapers, Blogs, Consumer Magazines, Social Networks, Websites, and Broadcast Media | publisher=BurrellesLuce | date=June 2013 | access-date=April 30, 2015 | archive-date=January 4, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104161511/http://www.burrellesluce.com/sites/default/files/Top_Media_June_2013_FNL%281%29.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
Smaller publications include the '']'' published five days each week for the ] community;<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202071702/http://www.phillytrib.com/ |date=December 2, 2018 }}. ''phillytrib.com''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> '']'' magazine, a monthly regional magazine;<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208160659/http://www.phillymag.com/ |date=February 8, 2017 }}. ''phillymag.com''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> '']'', a weekly alternative newspaper;<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060507223429/http://trouble.philadelphiaweekly.com/ |date=May 7, 2006 }}. ''philadelphiaweekly.com''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> '']'', a weekly newspaper for the ] community;<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227060529/http://www.epgn.com/ |date=December 27, 2017 }}. ''epgn.com''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> '']'', a weekly newspaper for the Jewish community;<ref>. ''jewishexponent.com''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> '']'', a weekly newspaper for the ] community;<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140919175654/http://aldianews.com/ |date=September 19, 2014 }}. ''aldianews.com''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> and '']'', a free daily newspaper.<ref>. ''metro.us''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> | |||
Finally fully opened in December ], the ] (]) connects I-95 south of Philadelphia International Airport to the Pennsylvania Turnpike north of the city. The stretch of I-476 between I-95 and the Turnpike is named the Mid-County Expressway, but is referred to locally as "The ]", because regional planners drew a blue line right through a map of Montgomery and Delaware Counties for one planned option where the road would be built. North of the Mid-County Interchange at ], the highway becomes a toll extension of the Turnpike that leads to cities in Northeastern Pennsylvania. The construction of I-476 between I-76 and I-95 took much longer than expected (It was scheduled to be built in ]) due to community opposition and stubborn landowners. Shortly after it was completed, though, it became one of the busiest corridors in the region. | |||
Student-run newspapers include the ]'s '']'',<ref>. ''thedp.com''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> ]'s '']'',<ref>. ''temple-news.com''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> and ]'s '']''.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918152229/https://thetriangle.org/ |date=September 18, 2017 }}. ''thetriangle.org''. Retrieved December 29, 2017.</ref> | |||
Other planned ]s have been cancelled, such as an ] running southwest from downtown and a freeway upgrade of ]. | |||
===Radio=== | |||
;References | |||
The first experimental radio license was issued in Philadelphia in August 1912 to ]. The first ] ] radio stations began broadcasting in 1922: first ], then owned by ] department store, followed by ], then owned by ] department store, and ], a defunct station owned by ] department store, as well as ] and ].<ref name="Media">{{Cite journal| first=Todd | last=Bishop | date=January 7, 2000 | title=The Media: One revolution after another | journal=Philadelphia Business Journal|url=http://philadelphia.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/stories/2000/01/10/story3.html}}</ref> | |||
* | |||
* | |||
* | |||
{{As of|2018}}, the ] lists 28 ] and 11 ] stations for Philadelphia.<ref> (). ]. Retrieved January 14, 2018.</ref><ref> (). ]. Retrieved January 14, 2018.</ref> As of December 2017, the ten highest-rated stations in Philadelphia were ] ] (101.1), ] ] (94.1), ] ] (102.9), ] ] (105.3), ] ] (98.1), ] ] (93.3), ] ] (92.5), ] ] (1060), ] ] (90.9), and urban adult contemporary ] (100.3).<ref> (). ''radio-online.com''. Radio Online. Retrieved January 15, 2018.</ref><ref>Venta, Lance (October 6, 2016). . ''radioinsight.com''. RadioBB Networks. Retrieved January 15, 2018. "...the station's playlist had shifted back towards Urban AC."</ref> Philadelphia is served by three non-commercial ] stations: WHYY-FM (]),<ref> ''whyy.org''. WHYY Inc. Retrieved January 18, 2018.</ref> ] (classical and jazz),<ref> ''wrti.org''. WRTI-FM / Temple University. Retrieved January 18, 2018.</ref> and ] (adult alternative music).<ref>. ''xpn.org''. WXPN-FM / The Trustees of The University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved January 18, 2018.</ref> | |||
===Rail transportation=== | |||
{{Philly Radio}} | |||
{{main|History of Rail transport in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania}} | |||
Since the early days ], Philadelphia has acted as hub for several rail companies. The two most notable companies to have major operations in Philadelphia were the ] (PRR) and the ] (Reading), with both operating hubs out of Philadelphia, the PRR operating first ] then ] and ], and Reading operating out of ], now part of the ]. The two companies also operated separate competing commuter rail systems in the Philadelphia area, known collectively as the Regional Rail system. The two systems today, for the most part still intact, now operate as one whole system under the control of ], the regional transit authority. | |||
===Television=== | |||
Philadelphia is also notable for being one of the few North American cities to maintain some of its ] lines. In addition to the green line trolleys in West Philly, the city has recently reintroduced the historic ] as a ]. | |||
In the 1930s, the experimental station ], owned by ], became the first television station in Philadelphia. The station became ]'s first affiliate in 1939, and later became ] (currently a ] affiliate). ], WFIL-TV, and ] were all founded by the 1960s.<ref name="Media" /> In 1952, WFIL (renamed ]) premiered the television show ''Bandstand'', which later became the nationally broadcast '']'' hosted by ].<ref>{{Cite book | last=Ogden | first=Christopher | year=1999 | title=Legacy: A Biography of Moses and Walter Annenberg | publisher=Little, Brown and Company | location=New York | isbn=0-316-63379-8 | url=https://archive.org/details/legacybiographyo00ogde }}</ref> | |||
Each commercial network has an affiliate in Philadelphia: ] 3 (CBS), ] 6 (ABC), ] 10 (NBC), ] 17 (The CW with MyNetworkTV on DT2), ] 28 (UniMás), ] 29 (Fox), ] 57 (Independent), ] 62 (Telemundo), and ] 65 (Univision). The region is served also by ] stations ] (Philadelphia), ] (Wilmington, Delaware and Philadelphia), ] (Lehigh Valley), and ] (New Jersey).<ref name=TVstations>{{cite web | url=https://www.tvb.org/Public/MarketsStations/Markets/MarketProfile.aspx?@IP_IDENTITY_MCID=0000022835 | title=Market Name: Philadelphia, PA | website=tvb.org | publisher=Television Bureau of Advertising, Inc. | access-date=January 17, 2018 | archive-date=January 18, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118181221/https://www.tvb.org/Public/MarketsStations/Markets/MarketProfile.aspx?@IP_IDENTITY_MCID=0000022835 | url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
Today Philadelphia serves as a major rail transportation hub for the nationalized ] system, with 30th Street Station serving as its main station. As well as serving as a major station on Amtrak services running on the ] it also services as a major station for services PRR's former ] to points west such as ] and ]. 30th Street Station currently is the 3rd busiest station in terms of passengers in the Amtrak system. | |||
Philadelphia has ]s for five major English-language broadcast networks: ] – ], ] – ], ] – ], ] – ] and ] – ]. Since September 2024, it is the largest television market where at least one of the six English networks are shown at a station not owned by a particular network's associated parent company. The major Spanish-language networks are ] – ], ] – ], and ] – ].<ref name=TVstations/> | |||
==Sister Cities== | |||
Philadelphia has ten ], as designated by : ] (]), ] (]), ] (]), ] (]), ] (]), ] (]), ] (]), ] (]), ] (]), and ] (]). | |||
{{As of|2018}}, the city is the nation's fourth-largest ], as ranked by the ] firm, with nearly 2.9 million TV households.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tvb.org/Portals/0/media/file/DMA/2017_2018_DMA_Ranks.pdf | title=Nielsen 2017–18 TV Household DMA Ranks: Local Television Market Universe Estimates | website=tvb.org | publisher=Television Bureau of Advertising, Inc. | access-date=January 17, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013013646/https://www.tvb.org/Portals/0/media/file/DMA/2017_2018_DMA_Ranks.pdf | archive-date=October 13, 2017 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> | |||
{{Philly TV}} | |||
==Infrastructure== | |||
===Transportation=== | |||
{{Main|Transportation in Philadelphia}} | |||
{{See also|30th Street Station|List of SEPTA Metro stations|Philadelphia International Airport}} | |||
] serves both ] regional and ] national trains and is Amtrak's third-busiest train station in the nation.]] | |||
]-style ] at 30th Street Station, one of the nation's busiest passenger train stations, built between 1927 and 1933]] | |||
] train departing ]]] | |||
Philadelphia is served by ], which operates buses, trains, ] (as both subways and ]), ], and ] (electric buses) throughout Philadelphia, the four Pennsylvania suburban counties of ], ], ], and ], in addition to service to ] (]) and ] (] and ]).<ref>. ''septa.org''. ]. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> The city's subway system consists of two routes: the subway section of the ] running east–west under ] which opened in 1905 to the west and 1908 to the east of City Hall,<ref>{{cite book|last=Cox|first=Harold E.|year=1967|editor-last1=May|editor-first1=Jack|title=The Road from Upper Darby. The Story of the Market Street Subway-Elevated.|location=New York, NY|publisher=Electric Railroaders' Association|oclc=54770701|page=16}}</ref> and the ] running north–south beneath ] which opened in stages from 1928 to 1938.<ref>. ''septa.org''. SEPTA. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> | |||
Beginning in the 1980s, large sections of the ] service to the far suburbs of Philadelphia were discontinued due to a lack of funding for equipment and infrastructure maintenance.<ref name=mitchell>{{cite news |first=Matthew |last=Mitchell |title= SEPTA Budget for Fiscal 1993: Continued Rail Retrenchment |work=The Delaware Valley Association of Railroad Passengers|date=April 1992}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 8, 1992 |title=The Delaware Valley Rail Passenger |url=http://dvarp.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/dvrp9206.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507113917/http://dvarp.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/dvrp9206.txt |archive-date=May 7, 2016 |access-date=May 1, 2016 |website=dvarp.org |publisher=]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abandonedrails.com/Newtown_Branch|title=Abandoned Rails: The Newtown Branch|website=www.abandonedrails.com|access-date=May 1, 2016}}</ref> | |||
Philadelphia's ] is a major railroad station on Amtrak's ] with 4.4 million passengers in 2017 making it the ] station in the country after ] and ].<ref name="PA17">{{cite web |url=https://www.amtrak.com/content/dam/projects/dotcom/english/public/documents/corporate/statefactsheets/PENNSYLVANIA17.pdf |title=Commonwealth of Pennsylvania FY2017 Fact Sheet |website=amtrak.com |publisher=Amtrak/National Railroad Passenger Corporation |date=November 2017 |access-date=January 28, 2018}}</ref> 30th Street Station offers access to Amtrak,<ref>. ''amtrak.com''. Amtrak/National Railroad Passenger Corporation. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> SEPTA,<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131043719/http://septa.org/connect/ |date=January 31, 2018 }}. ''septa.org''. SEPTA. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> and ] lines.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126071032/http://www.njtransit.com/rg/rg_servlet.srv?hdnPageAction=TrainStationLookupFrom&selStation=1 |date=January 26, 2018 }}. ''njtransit.com''. NJ Transit. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> Over 12 million SEPTA and NJ Transit rail commuters use the station each year, and more than 100,000 people on an average weekday.<ref name="PA17"/> | |||
The ] provides rapid transit service to ], ], ], ], ], ], and ], New Jersey, from stations on ] between 16th and 15th, 13th and 12th, and 10th and 9th streets, and on Market Street at 8th Street.<ref>. ''ridepatco.org''. Port Authority Transit Corporation. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> | |||
====Airports==== | |||
{{See also|Philadelphia International Airport}} | |||
], the busiest airport in ] and 21st-busiest in the nation]] | |||
Two airports serve Philadelphia: the ] (PHL) is {{convert|7|mi|km|abbr=on}} south-southwest of ] on the boundary with ], providing scheduled domestic and international air service,<ref name=PHL> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195256/http://www.phl.org/Pages/AboutPHL/AboutPHLDefault.aspx |date=January 29, 2018 }}. ''phl.org''. Philadelphia International Airport. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> while ] (PNE) is a ] ] in ] serving general and corporate aviation.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195257/http://www.phl.org/Pages/Business/PNE/PNE_default.aspx |date=January 29, 2018 }}. ''phl.org''. Philadelphia International Airport. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> Philadelphia International Airport is among the busiest airports in the world ] (i.e., takeoffs and landings).<ref name="ACI">{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/Data-Centre/Monthly-Traffic-Data/Aircraft-Movements/12-months|title=Aircraft Movements: Landing and take-off of an aircraft|website=aci.aero|publisher=Airports Council International|access-date=January 29, 2018|archive-date=March 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302164544/http://www.aci.aero/Data-Centre/Monthly-Traffic-Data/Aircraft-Movements/12-months|url-status=dead}}</ref> More than 30 million passengers pass through the airport annually on 25 airlines, including all major domestic carriers. The airport has nearly 500 daily departures to more than 120 destinations worldwide.<ref name=PHL/> SEPTA's ] provides direct service between Center City railroad stations and Philadelphia International Airport.<ref>. ''septa.org''. SEPTA. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> | |||
====Roads==== | |||
] spans the ], connecting Philadelphia and ]]] | |||
] eastbound at ] and ], also known as the Vine Street Expressway, in ]]] | |||
] planned Philadelphia with ] traversing north and south, and streets named for trees, such as ], ], and Mulberry (since renamed ]), traversing east and west. The two main streets were named ] (the north–south ], since designated ]) and High Street (the east–west artery, since renamed ]) converging at Centre Square which later became the site of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://xroads.virginia.edu/~cap/penn/pnplan.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970430105836/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CAP/PENN/pnplan.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 30, 1997|title=William Penn Plans the City|website=virginia.edu|publisher=The University of Virginia|access-date=January 29, 2018}}</ref> | |||
] (the Delaware Expressway) traverses the southern and eastern edges of the city along the ] as the main north–south ], connecting Philadelphia with ] and New York City to the north and with ] and Washington, D.C. southward. The city is also served by ] (the ]), which runs along the ], intersecting the ] at ] and providing access to ] and points west. ] (the Vine Street Expressway) links I-95 and I-76 through Center City by running below street level between the eastbound and westbound lanes of ]. Entrance and exit ramps for the ] are near the eastern end of the expressway, just west of the I-95 interchange.<ref name=osm>. ''openstreetmap.org''. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> | |||
The ] and Expressway (]) connect ] with Center City via I-76 through ]. Woodhaven Road (]) and Cottman Avenue (]) serve the neighborhoods of Northeast Philadelphia, running between I-95 and the Roosevelt Boulevard. The Fort Washington Expressway (]) extends north from the city's northern border, serving ] and ]. ] (]) extends westward from ] to ].<ref name=osm/> | |||
] (locally referred to as the Blue Route<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.476blueroute.com/history.htm|title=History of the Blue Route|access-date=January 30, 2018|work=I-476 Improvement Project|publisher=Pennsylvania Department of Transportation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219184651/http://www.476blueroute.com/history.htm|archive-date=February 19, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>) traverses ], bypassing the city to the west and serving the city's western suburbs, and provides a direct route to ] and points north, including the ]. ], the ]'s ], is a bypass and commuter route to the north of the city and a link to the ] and New York City.<ref name=osm/> | |||
The ] operates four bridges in the Philadelphia area across the Delaware River to ]: the ] (I-76), the ] (I-676 and U.S. 30), the ] (]), and the ] (] in Delaware County, south of the city).<ref>. ''drpa.org''. Delaware River Port Authority. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> The ] maintains two bridges across the Delaware River: the ] which connects ] in the ] section of Northeast Philadelphia with ] in ], ], and the ] which connects ]/] in ] with ]/] in ], north of Philadelphia.<ref>. ''bcbridges.org''. Burlington County Bridge Commission. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> | |||
====Bus service==== | |||
The ] is at 1001 Filbert Street (at 10th Street) in Center City, southeast of the ] and south of ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130145523/http://locations.greyhound.com/bus-stations/us/pennsylvania/philadelphia/bus-station-171127 |date=January 30, 2018 }}. ''greyhound.com''. Greyhound. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> Several other bus operators provide service at the Greyhound terminal including ],<ref>. ''trailways.com''. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> ],<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130212733/https://martztrailways.com/locations/ |date=January 30, 2018 }}. ''martztrailways.com''. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> ],<ref>. ''peterpanbus.com''. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> and ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018154458/http://www.njtransit.com/var/var_servlet.srv?hdnPageAction=PhillyWhereToGoTo |date=October 18, 2016 }}. ''njtransit.com''. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> | |||
Other intercity bus services include ] with stops at ] and the visitor center for ],<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209062505/https://us.megabus.com/stops |date=December 9, 2019 }}. ''megabus.com''. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> ] (operated by Greyhound) at 30th Street Station,<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816195601/https://www.boltbus.com/default.aspx |date=August 16, 2009 }}. ''boltbus.com''. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref> ] at various stops in the city. | |||
====Rail==== | |||
{{Main|History of rail transport in Philadelphia}} | |||
] with ] architecture at 16th Street and JFK Boulevard]] | |||
Since the early days of ], Philadelphia has served as a hub for several major rail companies, particularly the ] and the ]. The Pennsylvania Railroad first operated ], then ] and ], and the Reading Railroad operated ], now part of the ]. The two companies also operated competing commuter rail systems in the area. The two systems now operate as a single system under the control of ], the regional transit authority. Additionally, the ] subway system and ]'s ] operate successor services to southern ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.njtransit.com/pdf/rail/r0090.pdf|title=Atlantic City with service to ...|access-date=November 26, 2007|archive-date=November 26, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071126230014/http://www.njtransit.com/pdf/rail/r0090.pdf|url-status=dead}} {{small|(218 KB)}}</ref> | |||
In 1911, Philadelphia had nearly 4,000 electric ] running on 86 lines.<ref>. ''septa.org''. SEPTA. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref> In 2005, SEPTA reintroduced trolley service to the ], Route 15.<ref>"Philadelphia's PCCs Return to Service." ''Railway Age.'' Vol. 205, No. 10, p. 30. October 1, 2005.</ref> SEPTA operates six subway-surface trolleys that run on street-level tracks in ] and subway tunnels in ], along with two surface trolleys in adjacent suburbs.<ref>. ''septa.org''. SEPTA. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref> | |||
Philadelphia is a regional hub of the ] ] system, with 30th Street Station being a primary stop on the Washington-Boston ] and the ] to ] and ]. 30th Street also serves as a major station for services via the Pennsylvania Railroad's former ] to Chicago. {{As of|2018}}, 30th Street is Amtrak's third-busiest station in the country, after New York City and Washington.<ref name=PhiladelphiaAmtrak/> | |||
===Utilities=== | |||
====Water purity and availability==== | |||
], Philadelphia's second municipal waterworks, in December 1984]] | |||
In 1815, Philadelphia began sourcing its water via the ] on the ], the nation's first major urban water supply system. In 1909, the Water Works was decommissioned as the city transitioned to modern ] methods.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://fairmountworks.com/our-story/ | title=Fairmount Water Works: Our Story | publisher=Fairmount Water Works | access-date=April 24, 2015}}</ref> ] (PWD) provides ], ] collection, and ] services for Philadelphia, as well as surrounding counties. PWD draws about 57 percent of its drinking water from the ] and the balance from the Schuylkill River.<ref name="PWD">{{cite web | url=http://www.phila.gov/water/aboutus/Pages/AboutPhiladelphiaWater.aspx | title=About Philadelphia Water | publisher=City of Philadelphia | access-date=April 24, 2015}}</ref> The city has two filtration plants on the Schuylkill River and one on the Delaware River. The three plants can treat up to 546 million gallons of water per day, while the total storage capacity of the combined plant and distribution system exceeds one billion gallons. The wastewater system consists of three water pollution control plants, 21 pumping stations, and about {{convert|3657|mi|km}} of sewers.<ref name="PWD"/> | |||
====Electricity==== | |||
] subsidiary ], founded as the Brush Electric Light Company of Philadelphia in 1881 and renamed Philadelphia Electric Company (PECO) in 1902, provides electricity to about 1.6 million customers and more than 500,000 natural gas customers in the southeastern Pennsylvania area including the city of Philadelphia and most of its suburbs.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.peco.com/AboutUs/Pages/CompanyInformation.aspx | title=PECO: Company Information | publisher=PECO Energy Company | access-date=January 29, 2017}}</ref> PECO is the largest electric and natural gas utility in the state with 472 power substations and nearly {{convert|23000|mi|km}} of electric transmission and distribution lines, along with {{convert|12000|mi|km}} of natural gas transmission, distribution & service lines.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130204845/https://www.peco.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/PECO_Investing_in_our_Community_Booklet.pdf |date=January 30, 2018 }}. page 2. ''peco.com''. PECO Energy Company. Retrieved January 30, 2018.</ref> | |||
====Natural gas==== | |||
{{Further|Philadelphia Gas Works}} | |||
] (PGW), overseen by the ], is the nation's largest municipally-owned natural gas utility. PGW serves over 500,000 homes and businesses in the Philadelphia area.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pgworks.com/residential/about-us/about-pgw | title=PGW: About Us | publisher=Philadelphia Gas Works | access-date=April 24, 2015 | archive-date=April 18, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418135502/http://www.pgworks.com/residential/about-us/about-pgw | url-status=dead }}</ref> Founded in 1836, the company came under city ownership in 1987 and has been providing the majority of gas distributed within city limits. In 2014, the ] refused to conduct hearings on a $1.86 billion sale of PGW, part of a two-year effort that was proposed by the mayor. The refusal led to the prospective buyer terminating its offer.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://articles.philly.com/2014-10-28/news/55525996_1_concentric-energy-advisors-city-council-uil-holdings-corp | title=$1.86B sale of Philadelphia Gas Works is dead | work=The Philadelphia Inquirer | date=October 28, 2014 | access-date=April 24, 2015 | author=Maykuth, Andrew | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512113604/http://articles.philly.com/2014-10-28/news/55525996_1_concentric-energy-advisors-city-council-uil-holdings-corp | archive-date=May 12, 2015 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hepp|first1=Chris|title=PGW deal latest casualty in Philly's Nutter-and-Clarke soap opera|url=http://articles.philly.com/2014-12-08/news/56806983_1_uil-philadelphia-gas-works-community-meeting|access-date=May 25, 2015|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=December 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516023824/http://articles.philly.com/2014-12-08/news/56806983_1_uil-philadelphia-gas-works-community-meeting|archive-date=May 16, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
====Telecommunications==== | |||
{{See also|Area codes 215, 267, and 445}} | |||
Southeastern Pennsylvania was assigned the ] ] in 1947 when the ] of the ] went into effect. The geographic area covered by the code was split nearly in half in 1994 when ] was created, with the city and its northern suburbs retaining 215. ] 267 was added to the 215 service area in 1997, and 484 was added to the 610 area in 1999. A plan in 2001 to introduce a third overlay code to both service areas, ] to 215 and ] to 610, was delayed and later rescinded.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nanpa.com/pdf/PL_332_v1.pdf |title= PA 445 Implementation for 215/267 NPA Rescinded – 445 NPA Code Reclaimed |access-date= January 31, 2007 |archive-date= February 11, 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070211153116/http://www.nanpa.com/pdf/PL_332_v1.pdf |url-status= dead }} {{small|(64.5 KB)}}</ref> Area code 445 was implemented as an overlay for area codes 215 and 267 starting on February 3, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://6abc.com/home/445-philadelphia-suburbs-getting-new-area-code/3011823/ |title=445: Philadelphia, suburbs getting new area code (Pennsylvania)|date=January 31, 2018}} {{small|(1.1 ])}}</ref> | |||
==Notable people== | |||
{{Main|List of people from Philadelphia}} | |||
==Sister cities== | |||
] ] at 10th and ] streets, a symbol of Philadelphia's ] relationship with ]]] | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
|- | |||
! City | |||
! Country | |||
! Date | |||
|- | |||
| ]<ref>{{cite web | title =Florence, Italy | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/florence__italy | archive-url =https://archive.today/20150203065503/http://cdiphila.org/florence__italy | url-status =usurped | archive-date =February 3, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref> | |||
| Italy | |||
| 1964 | |||
|- | |||
| ]<ref>{{cite web | title =Tel Aviv, Israel | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/tel_aviv___yafo__israel | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150904051845/http://cdiphila.org/tel_aviv___yafo__israel | url-status =usurped | archive-date =September 4, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref> | |||
|Israel | |||
| 1966 | |||
|- | |||
| ]<ref>{{cite web | title =Torun, Poland | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/torun__poland | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150904051846/http://cdiphila.org/torun__poland | url-status =usurped | archive-date =September 4, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref> | |||
| Poland | |||
| 1976 | |||
|- | |||
| ]<ref>{{cite web | title =Tianjin, China | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/tianjin__china | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150904051845/http://cdiphila.org/tianjin__china | url-status =usurped | archive-date =September 4, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref> | |||
| China | |||
| 1979 | |||
|- | |||
| ]<ref>{{cite web | title =Incheon, Korea | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/incheon__korea | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150904051845/http://cdiphila.org/incheon__korea | url-status =usurped | archive-date =September 4, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref> | |||
| South Korea | |||
| 1984 | |||
|- | |||
| ]<ref>{{cite web | title =Douala, Cameroon | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/douala__cameroon | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150904051845/http://cdiphila.org/douala__cameroon | url-status =usurped | archive-date =September 4, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref> | |||
| Cameroon | |||
| 1986 | |||
|- | |||
| ]<ref>{{cite web | title =Nizhny Novgorod, Russia | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/nizhny_novgorod__russia | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150904051845/http://cdiphila.org/nizhny_novgorod__russia | url-status =usurped | archive-date =September 4, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref> | |||
| Russia | |||
| 1992 | |||
|- | |||
| ]<ref>{{cite web | title =Frankfurt am Main, Germany | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/frankfurt_am_main__germany | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20151016081925/http://cdiphila.org/frankfurt_am_main__germany | url-status =usurped | archive-date =October 16, 2015 | access-date =September 11, 2015}}</ref> | |||
| Germany | |||
| 2015 | |||
|} | |||
Philadelphia also has three partnership cities or regions:<ref name="Diplomacy"/> | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
|- | |||
! City | |||
! Country | |||
! Date | |||
|- | |||
| ]<ref>{{cite web | title =Kobe, Japan | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/kobe__japan | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150904051845/http://cdiphila.org/kobe__japan | url-status =usurped | archive-date =September 4, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref> | |||
| Japan | |||
| 1986 | |||
|- | |||
| ]<ref>{{cite web | title =Abruzzo, Italy | publisher =International Visitors Council of Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/abruzzo__italy | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150904051845/http://cdiphila.org/abruzzo__italy | url-status =usurped | archive-date =September 4, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref> | |||
| Italy | |||
| 1997 | |||
|- | |||
| ]<ref>{{cite web | title =Aix-en-Provence, France | publisher =Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia | url =http://cdiphila.org/aix_en_provence__france | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150904051845/http://cdiphila.org/aix_en_provence__france | url-status =usurped | archive-date =September 4, 2015 | access-date =February 2, 2015}}</ref> | |||
| France | |||
| 1999 | |||
|} | |||
Philadelphia has eight official ] as designated by the Citizen Diplomacy International (CDI) of Philadelphia:<ref name="Diplomacy">{{cite web |url=http://cdiphila.org/sister_cities_program |title=Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia Sister Cities Program |website=cdiphila.org |publisher=Citizen Diplomacy International Philadelphia |access-date=April 18, 2019 |archive-date=August 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815055807/http://cdiphila.org/sister_cities_program |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Philadelphia has dedicated landmarks to its sister cities. The Sister Cities Park, a site of {{convert|0.5|acre|sqyd}} at 18th and ] in ], was dedicated in June 1976. The park was built to commemorate Philadelphia's first two sister city relationships, with ] and ]. Toruń Triangle, honoring the sister city relationship with ], Poland, was constructed in 1976, west of the ] building at 18th Street and ]. Sister Cities Park was redesigned and reopened in 2012, featuring an interactive fountain honoring Philadelphia's sister and partnership cities, a café and visitor center, children's play area, outdoor garden, boat pond, and a pavilion built to ] standards.<ref name="renovation">{{cite web | url=http://www.ivc.org/sister_cities_park | title=Sister Cities Park | website=ivc.org | publisher=International Visitors Council of Philadelphia | access-date=June 3, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116194541/http://www.ivc.org/sister_cities_park | archive-date=January 16, 2013 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://centercityphila.org/parks/sister-cities-park/sister-cities-park-history | title=Sister Cities Park History |website=centercityphila.org | publisher=Center City District{{!}}Central Philadelphia Development Corporation{{!}}Center City District Foundation | access-date=December 16, 2017}}</ref> | |||
The Chinatown Gate, erected in 1984 and crafted by artisans from ], stands astride 10th Street, on the north side of its intersection with ], as a symbol of the sister city relationship. The CDI of Philadelphia has participated in the ]'s "Partners for Peace" project with ], Iraq,<ref name="mosul"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511192358/http://www.ivc.org/mosul/ |date=May 11, 2011 }} Retrieved January 26, 2011.</ref> and in accepting visiting delegations from dozens of other countries.<ref name="ivc"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511192401/http://www.ivc.org/inbound_delegations |date=May 11, 2011 }} Retrieved January 26, 2011.</ref> | |||
==See also== | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
==Notes== | |||
{{notelist}} | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
==Further reading== | |||
{{main|Bibliography of Philadelphia}} | |||
* Holli, Melvin G., and Jones, Peter d'A., eds. ''Biographical Dictionary of American Mayors, 1820-1980'' (Greenwood Press, 1981) short scholarly biographies each of the city's mayors 1820 to 1980. ; see index at p. 410 for list. | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{ |
{{Sister project links|Philadelphia|voy=Philadelphia}} | ||
* {{official website|https://www.phila.gov/}} of the City of Philadelphia government | |||
{{wikitravel}} | |||
* '''' – historical encyclopedia | |||
* | |||
* , over 2 million photographs dating back to the late 1800s | |||
* | |||
* | * , historical maps and atlases | ||
* {{cite book |last1=Daly |first1=John |last2=Weinberg |first2=Allen |title=Genealogy of Philadelphia County Subdivisions, 1687–1960 |date=October 1966 |publisher=Philadelphia Dept. of Records |edition=Second |url=https://archive.org/details/genealogy-of-philadelphia-county-political-subdivisions-1687-1960}} | |||
* | |||
* , '']'' and '']'' | |||
* http://phillylocal.com (Online forums) | |||
* {{official website|https://www.discoverphl.com/}} of Discover Philadelphia | |||
* http://phillyist.com (Editorials) | |||
* {{official website|https://www.paconvention.com/}} of Pennsylvania Convention Center | |||
* http://www.libertynet.com (Portal) | |||
* , a ] segment on Philadelphia (at 7:23–12:00 in 56-minute video) | |||
* http://www.phillyskyline.com (A photo blog) | |||
* http://www.philadelphiajobs.biz (Local Job Search) | |||
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Latest revision as of 14:42, 24 December 2024
Largest city in Pennsylvania, United States "Philly" redirects here. Not to be confused with Filly, Filadelfia, or Philadelphi. For other uses, see Philly (disambiguation) and Philadelphia (disambiguation).Consolidated city-county in the United States
Philadelphia | |
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Consolidated city-county | |
Skyline of Center CityIndependence National Historical ParkPhiladelphia City HallSEPTA RailElfreth's AlleyPhiladelphia Museum of Art | |
FlagSealLogo | |
Etymology: Ancient Greek: φίλος phílos (beloved, dear) and ἀδελφός adelphós (brother, brotherly) ———-——— | |
Nickname(s): "Philly", "The City of Brotherly Love", others | |
Motto: "Philadelphia maneto" ("Let brotherly love endure" or "... continue") | |
Interactive map outlining Philadelphia | |
PhiladelphiaLocation within the state of PennsylvaniaShow map of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaLocation within the United States Show map of the United StatesPhiladelphiaLocation in North AmericaShow map of North AmericaPhiladelphiaLocation on EarthShow map of Earth | |
Coordinates: 39°57′10″N 75°09′49″W / 39.9528°N 75.1636°W / 39.9528; -75.1636 | |
Country | United States |
State | Pennsylvania |
County | Philadelphia |
Historic countries | Kingdom of England Kingdom of Great Britain Netherlands Sweden Lenape |
Historic colony | Province of Pennsylvania |
Founded | 1682; 342 years ago (1682) |
Incorporated | October 25, 1701 |
Founded by | William Penn |
Government | |
• Type | Mayor–council, consolidated city-county |
• Body | Philadelphia City Council |
• Mayor | Cherelle Parker (D) |
Area | |
• Consolidated city-county | 142.70 sq mi (369.59 km) |
• Land | 134.36 sq mi (347.98 km) |
• Water | 8.34 sq mi (21.61 km) |
Elevation | 39 ft (12 m) |
Population | |
• Consolidated city-county | 1,603,797 |
• Estimate | 1,567,258 |
• Rank | 10th in North America 6th in the United States 1st in Pennsylvania |
• Density | 11,936.92/sq mi (4,608.86/km) |
• Urban | 5,696,125 (US: 7th) |
• Urban density | 3,000.8/sq mi (1,158.6/km) |
• Metro | 6,245,051 (US: 7th) |
Demonym | Philadelphian |
GDP | |
• Philadelphia (MSA) | $518.5 billion (2022) |
Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
ZIP Codes | 19092–19093, 19099, 191xx |
Area codes | 215, 267, 445 |
FIPS code | 42-60000 |
GNIS feature ID | 1215531 |
Website | www |
Philadelphia, colloquially referred to as Philly, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the sixth-most populous city in the United States, with a population of 1,603,797 in the 2020 census. The city is the urban core of the larger Delaware Valley, also known as the Philadelphia metropolitan area, the nation's eighth-largest metropolitan area and seventh-largest combined statistical area with 6.245 million residents and 7.366 million residents, respectively.
Philadelphia has played an extensive role in United States history. The city was founded in 1682 by William Penn, an English Quaker and advocate of religious freedom, and served as the capital of the Pennsylvania Colony during the British colonial era. The city went on to play a historic and vital role during the American Revolution and Revolutionary War, serving as the central meeting place for the nation's founding fathers, hosting the First Continental Congress in 1774, preserving the Liberty Bell, and hosting the Second Continental Congress during which the nation's 56 founders formed the Continental Army and elected George Washington as its commander in 1775, and unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. For nine months, from September 1777 to June 1778, the city fell under British occupation during the war's Philadelphia campaign. In 1787, the U.S. Constitution was ratified in Philadelphia at the Philadelphia Convention. Philadelphia remained the nation's largest city until 1790, and it served as the nation's first capital from May 10, 1775, until December 12, 1776, and on four subsequent occasions until 1800, when construction of the new national capital in Washington, D.C. was completed.
Philadelphia maintains extensive contemporary influence in business and industry, culture, sports, and music. With 17 four-year universities and colleges in the city, Philadelphia is one of the nation's leading centers for higher education and academic research. The city is a national cultural center, hosting more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other city in the nation. Fairmount Park, when combined with adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the same watershed, is 2,052 acres (830 ha), representing one of the nation's largest and the world's 54th-largest urban park. Philadelphia is known for its arts, culture, cuisine, and colonial and Revolutionary-era history; in 2016, it attracted 42 million domestic tourists who spent $6.8 billion, representing $11 billion in economic impact to the city and its surrounding Pennsylvania counties. With five professional sports teams and one of the nation's most loyal and passionate fan bases, Philadelphia is often ranked as the nation's best city for professional sports fans. The city has a culturally and philanthropically active LGBTQ+ community. Philadelphia also has played an immensely influential historic and ongoing role in the development and evolution of American music, especially R&B, soul, and rock.
As of 2022, the Philadelphia metropolitan area had a gross metropolitan product of US$518.5 billion and is home to five Fortune 500 corporate headquarters. Metropolitan Philadelphia ranks as one of the Big Five U.S. venture capital hubs, facilitated by its geographic proximity to both the entrepreneurial and financial ecosystems of New York City and to the federal regulatory environment of Washington, D.C. Greater Philadelphia is also a biotechnology hub. The Philadelphia Stock Exchange, owned by Nasdaq since 2008, is the nation's oldest stock exchange and a global leader in options trading. 30th Street Station, the city's primary rail station, is the third-busiest Amtrak hub in the nation, and the city's multimodal transportation and logistics infrastructure also includes Philadelphia International Airport, a major transatlantic gateway and transcontinental hub; the rapidly-growing PhilaPort seaport; and Interstate 95, the spine of the north–south highway system along the U.S. East Coast.
Philadelphia is a city of many firsts, including the nation's first library (1731), hospital (1751), medical school (1765), national capital (1774), university (by some accounts) (1779), central bank (1781), stock exchange (1790), zoo (1874), and business school (1881). Philadelphia contains 67 National Historic Landmarks, including Independence Hall. From the city's 17th century founding through the present, Philadelphia has been the birthplace or home to an extensive number of prominent and influential Americans.
History
Main article: History of Philadelphia For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Philadelphia. See also: List of National Historic Landmarks in Philadelphia and National Register of Historic Places listings in PhiladelphiaNative peoples
Prior to the arrival of Europeans in the early 17th century, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon. They were also called the Delaware Indians, and their historical territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island, and the Lower Hudson Valley. Most Lenape were pushed out of the region during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, exacerbated by losses from intertribal conflicts. Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and conflict with Europeans. The Iroquois occasionally fought the Lenape. Surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. Following the American Revolutionary War and subsequent formation of an independent United States, the Lenape began moving further west. In the 1860s, the United States government sent most remaining Lenape in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma and surrounding territories as part of the Indian removal policy.
Colonial
Europeans first entered Philadelphia and the surrounding Delaware Valley in the early 17th century. The first settlements were founded by Dutch colonists, who built Fort Nassau on the Delaware River in 1623 in what is now Brooklawn, New Jersey. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony. In 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina, located in present-day Wilmington, Delaware, and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their war against Maryland colonists. In 1648, the Dutch built Fort Beversreede on the west bank of the Delaware, south of the Schuylkill River near the present-day Eastwick section of Philadelphia, to reassert their dominion over the area. The Swedes responded by building Fort Nya Korsholm, or New Korsholm, named after a town in Finland with a Swedish majority.
In 1655, a Dutch military campaign led by New Netherland Director-General Peter Stuyvesant took control of the Swedish colony, ending its claim to independence. The Swedish and Finnish people settlers continued to have their own militia, religion, and court, and to enjoy substantial autonomy under the Dutch. An English fleet captured the New Netherland colony in 1664, though the situation did not change substantially until 1682, when the area was included in William Penn's charter for Pennsylvania.
In 1681, in partial repayment of a debt, Charles II of England granted Penn a charter for what would become the Pennsylvania colony. Despite the royal charter, Penn bought the land from the local Lenape in an effort to establish good terms with the Native Americans and ensure peace for the colony. Penn made a treaty of friendship with Lenape chief Tammany under an elm tree at Shackamaxon, in what is now the city's Fishtown neighborhood. Penn named the city Philadelphia, which is Greek for "brotherly love", derived from the Ancient Greek terms φίλος phílos (beloved, dear) and ἀδελφός adelphós (brother, brotherly). There were a number of cities named Philadelphia in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Greek and Roman periods, including modern Alaşehir, mentioned as the site of an early Christian congregation in the Book of Revelation. As a Quaker, Penn had experienced religious persecution and wanted his colony to be a place where anyone could worship freely. This tolerance, which exceeded that of other colonies, led to better relations with the local native tribes and fostered Philadelphia's rapid growth into America's most important city.
Penn planned a city on the Delaware River to serve as a port and place for government. Hoping that Philadelphia would become more like an English rural town instead of a city, Penn laid out roads on a grid plan to keep houses and businesses spread far apart with areas for gardens and orchards.
The city's inhabitants did not follow Penn's plans, however, and instead crowded the present-day Port of Philadelphia on the Delaware River and subdivided and resold their lots. Before Penn left Philadelphia for the final time, he issued the Charter of 1701 establishing it as a city. Though poor at first, Philadelphia became an important trading center with tolerable living conditions by the 1750s. Benjamin Franklin, a leading citizen, helped improve city services and founded new ones that were among the first in the nation, including a fire company, library, and hospital.
A number of philosophical societies were formed, which were centers of the city's intellectual life, including the Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture (1785), the Pennsylvania Society for the Encouragement of Manufactures and the Useful Arts (1787), the Academy of Natural Sciences (1812), and the Franklin Institute (1824). These societies developed and financed new industries that attracted skilled and knowledgeable immigrants from Europe.
American Revolution
See also: Pennsylvania in the American Revolution and Philadelphia campaignPhiladelphia's importance and central location in the colonies made it a natural center for America's revolutionaries. By the 1750s, Philadelphia surpassed Boston as the largest city and busiest port in British America, and the second-largest city in the entire British Empire after London. In 1774, as resentment of British colonial practices and support for independence was burgeoning in the colonies, Philadelphia hosted the First Continental Congress.
From 1775 to 1781, Philadelphia hosted the Second Continental Congress, which adopted the Declaration of Independence in what was then called the Pennsylvania State House and was later renamed Independence Hall. Historian Joseph Ellis, in 2007, described the Declaration of Independence, written predominantly by Thomas Jefferson, as "the most potent and consequential words in American history," and its adoption represented a declaration of war against the British Army, which was then the world's most powerful military force. Since the Declaration's July 4, 1776, adoption, its signing has been cited globally and repeatedly by various peoples of the world seeking independence and liberty. It also has been, since its adoption, the basis for annual celebration by Americans; in 1938, this celebration of the Declaration was formalized as Independence Day, one of only eleven designated U.S. federal holidays.
After George Washington's defeat at the Battle of Brandywine in Chadds Ford Township, on September 11, 1777, during the Philadelphia campaign, the revolutionary capital of Philadelphia was defenseless and the city prepared for what was perceived to be an inevitable British attack. Because bells could easily be recast into munitions, the Liberty Bell, then known as the Pennsylvania State Bell, and bells from two Philadelphia churches, Christ Church and St. Peter's Church, were hastily taken down and transported by heavily guarded wagon train out of the city. The Liberty Bell was taken to Zion German Reformed Church in Northampton Town, which is present-day Allentown, where it was hidden under the church's floor boards for nine months from September 1777 until the British Army's departure from Philadelphia in June 1778. Two Revolutionary War battles, the Siege of Fort Mifflin, fought between September 26 and November 16, 1777, and the Battle of Germantown, fought on October 4, 1777, took place within Philadelphia's city limits.
In Philadelphia, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation on November 15, 1777, and the city later served as the meeting place for the Constitutional Convention, which ratified the Constitution in Independence Hall in Philadelphia on September 17, 1787.
Philadelphia served as capital of the United States for much of the colonial and early post-colonial periods, including for a decade, from 1790 to 1800, while Washington, D.C., was being constructed and prepared to serve as the new national capital. In 1793, the largest yellow fever epidemic in U.S. history killed approximately 4,000 to 5,000 people in Philadelphia, or about ten percent of the city's population at the time. The capital of the United States was moved to Washington, D.C. in 1800 upon completion of the White House and U.S. Capitol buildings.
The state capital was moved from Philadelphia to Lancaster in 1799, then ultimately to Harrisburg in 1812. Philadelphia remained the nation's largest city until the late 18th century. It also was the nation's financial and cultural center until ultimately being eclipsed in total population by New York City in 1790. In 1816, the city's free Black community founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the first independent Black denomination in the country, and the first Black Episcopal Church. The free Black community also established many schools for its children with the help of Quakers. Large-scale construction projects for new roads, canals, and railroads made Philadelphia the first major industrial city in the United States.
19th century
Further information: Pennsylvania in the American Civil WarThroughout the 19th century, Philadelphia hosted a variety of industries and businesses; the largest was the textile industry. Major corporations in the 19th and early 20th centuries included the Baldwin Locomotive Works, William Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding Company, and the Pennsylvania Railroad. Established in 1870, the Philadelphia Conveyancers' Association was chartered by the state in 1871. Along with the U.S. Centennial in 1876, the city's industry was celebrated in the Centennial Exposition, the first official World's fair in the U.S.
Immigrants, mostly from Ireland and Germany, settled in Philadelphia and the surrounding districts. These immigrants were largely responsible for the first general strike in North America in 1835, in which workers in the city won the ten-hour workday. The city was a destination for thousands of Irish immigrants fleeing the Great Famine in the 1840s; housing for them was developed south of South Street and later occupied by succeeding immigrants. They established a network of Catholic churches and schools and dominated the Catholic clergy for decades. Anti-Irish, anti-Catholic nativist riots erupted in Philadelphia in 1844. The rise in population of the surrounding districts helped lead to the Act of Consolidation of 1854, which extended the city limits from the 2 square miles (5.2 km) of Center City to the roughly 134 square miles (350 km) of Philadelphia County. In the latter half of the 19th century and leading into the 20th century, immigrants from Russia, Eastern Europe, and Italy, and African Americans from the southern U.S. settled in the city.
Philadelphia was represented by the Washington Grays in the American Civil War. The African-American population of Philadelphia increased from 31,699 to 219,559 between 1880 and 1930, largely stemming from the Great Migration from the South.
20th century
By the 20th century, Philadelphia had an entrenched Republican political machine and a complacent population. In 1910, a general strike shut down the entire city.
In 1917, following outrage over the election-year murder of a Philadelphia police officer, led to the shrinking of the City Council from two houses to just one. In July 1919, Philadelphia was one of more than 36 industrial cities nationally to suffer a race riot during Red Summer in post-World War I unrest as recent immigrants competed with Blacks for jobs. In the 1920s, the public flouting of Prohibition laws, organized crime, mob violence, and corrupt police involvement in illegal activities led to the appointment of Brig. Gen. Smedley Butler of the U.S. Marine Corps as the city's director of public safety, but political pressure still prevented long-term success in fighting crime and corruption.
In 1940, non-Hispanic whites constituted 86.8% of the city's population. In 1950, the population peaked at more than two million residents, then began to decline with the restructuring of industry that led to the loss of many middle-class union jobs. In addition, suburbanization enticed many affluent residents to depart the city for its outlying railroad commuting towns and newer housing. The resulting reduction in Philadelphia's tax base and the resources of local government caused the city to struggle through a long period of adjustment, and it approached bankruptcy by the late 1980s.
In 1985, the MOVE Bombing of the Cobbs Creek neighborhood by city helicopters occurred, killing 11 and destroying 61 homes.
Revitalization and gentrification of neighborhoods began in the late 1970s and continues into the 21st century with much of the development occurring in the Center City and University City neighborhoods. But this expanded a shortage of affordable housing in the city. After many manufacturers and businesses left Philadelphia or shut down, the city started attracting service businesses and began to market itself more aggressively as a tourist destination. Contemporary glass-and-granite skyscrapers were built in Center City beginning in the 1980s. Historic areas such as Old City and Society Hill were renovated during the reformist mayoral era of the 1950s through the 1980s, making both areas among the most desirable Center City neighborhoods. Immigrants from around the world began to enter the U.S. through Philadelphia as their gateway, leading to a reversal of the city's population decline between 1950 and 2000, during which it lost about 25 percent of its residents.
21st century
Philadelphia eventually began experiencing a growth in its population in 2007, which continued with incremental annual increases through the present. A migration pattern has been established from New York City to Philadelphia by residents opting for a large city with relative proximity and a lower cost of living.
Geography
Topography
Philadelphia's geographic center is about 40° 0′ 34″ north latitude and 75° 8′ 0″ west longitude. The 40th parallel north passes through neighborhoods in Northeast Philadelphia, North Philadelphia, and West Philadelphia including Fairmount Park. The city encompasses 142.71 square miles (369.62 km), of which 134.18 square miles (347.52 km) is land and 8.53 square miles (22.09 km), or 6%, is water. Natural bodies of water include the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, lakes in Franklin Delano Roosevelt Park, and Cobbs, Wissahickon, and Pennypack creeks. The largest artificial body of water is East Park Reservoir in Fairmount Park.
The lowest point is sea level and the highest point is in Chestnut Hill, about 446 feet (136 m) above sea level on Summit Street near the intersection of Germantown Avenue and Bethlehem Pike at: 40.07815 N, 75.20747 W. Philadelphia is located on the Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line that separates the Atlantic Plain from the Piedmont. The Schuylkill River's rapids at East Falls were inundated by completion of the dam at Fairmount Water Works.
The city is the seat of its own county. The city is bordered by six adjacent counties: Montgomery to the northwest; Bucks to the north and northeast; Burlington County, New Jersey to the east; Camden County, New Jersey to the southeast; Gloucester County, New Jersey to the south; and Delaware County to the southwest.
Cityscape
See also: Architecture of Philadelphia and List of tallest buildings in PhiladelphiaCity planning
See also: List of Philadelphia neighborhoods The skyline of Philadelphia seen from the northwest on the Spring Garden Street Bridge over the Schuylkill River in April 2018 (annotated version) Philadelphia's skyline at twilight from the southwest on the South Street Bridge with the Schuylkill River on the left in July 2016 (annotated version)Philadelphia was created in the 17th century, following the plan by William Penn's surveyor Thomas Holme. Center City is structured with long, straight streets running nearly due east–west and north–south, forming a grid pattern between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers that is aligned with their courses. The original city plan was designed to allow for easy travel and to keep residences separated by open space that would help prevent the spread of fire. In keeping with the idea of a "Greene Countrie Towne", and inspired by the many types of trees that grew in the region, Penn named many of the east–west streets for local trees. Penn planned the creation of five public parks in the city which were renamed in 1824. Centre Square was renamed Penn Square; Northeast Square was renamed Franklin Square; Southeast Square was renamed Washington Square; Southwest Square was renamed Rittenhouse Square; and Northwest Square was renamed Logan Circle/Square. Center City had an estimated 183,240 residents as of 2015, making it the second-most populated downtown area in the United States after Midtown Manhattan in New York City.
Philadelphia's neighborhoods are divided into six large sections that surround Center City: North Philadelphia, Northeast Philadelphia, South Philadelphia, Southwest Philadelphia, West Philadelphia, and Northwest Philadelphia. The city's geographic boundaries have been largely unchanged since these neighborhoods were consolidated in 1854. However, each of these large areas contains numerous neighborhoods, some of whose boundaries derive from the boroughs, townships, and other communities that constituted Pennsylvania County before their inclusion within the city.
The City Planning Commission, tasked with guiding growth and development of the city, has divided the city into 18 planning districts as part of the Philadelphia2035 physical development plan. Much of the city's 1980 zoning code was overhauled from 2007 to 2012 as part of a joint effort between former mayors John F. Street and Michael Nutter. The zoning changes were intended to rectify incorrect zoning maps to facilitate future community development, as the city forecasts an additional 100,000 residents and 40,000 jobs will be added by 2035.
The Philadelphia Housing Authority (PHA) is the largest landlord in Pennsylvania. Established in 1937, the PHA is the nation's fourth-largest housing authority, serving about 81,000 people with affordable housing, while employing 1,400 on a budget of $371 million. The Philadelphia Parking Authority is responsible for ensuring adequate parking for city residents, businesses, and visitors.
Architecture
Main articles: Architecture of Philadelphia and List of tallest buildings in PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia's architectural history dates back to colonial times and includes a wide range of styles. The earliest structures were constructed with logs, but brick structures were common by 1700. During the 18th century, the cityscape was dominated by Georgian architecture, including Independence Hall and Christ Church.
In the first decades of the 19th century, Federal and Greek Revival architecture were the dominant styles produced by Philadelphia architects such as Benjamin Latrobe, William Strickland, John Haviland, John Notman, Thomas Walter, and Samuel Sloan. Frank Furness is considered Philadelphia's greatest architect of the second half of the 19th century. His contemporaries included John McArthur Jr., Addison Hutton, Wilson Eyre, the Wilson Brothers, and Horace Trumbauer. In 1871, construction began on the Second Empire-style Philadelphia City Hall. The Philadelphia Historical Commission was created in 1955 to preserve the cultural and architectural history of the city. The commission maintains the Philadelphia Register of Historic Places, adding historic buildings, structures, sites, objects and districts as it sees fit.
In 1932, Philadelphia became home to the first modern International Style skyscraper in the United States, the PSFS Building, designed by George Howe and William Lescaze. The 548 ft (167 m) City Hall remained the tallest building in the city until 1987 when One Liberty Place was completed. Numerous glass and granite skyscrapers were built in Center City beginning in the late 1980s. In 2007, the Comcast Center surpassed One Liberty Place to become the city's tallest building. The Comcast Technology Center was completed in 2018, reaching a height of 1,121 ft (342 m), as the tallest building in the United States outside of Manhattan and Chicago.
For much of Philadelphia's history, the typical home has been the row house. The row house was introduced to the United States via Philadelphia in the early 19th century and, for a time, row houses built elsewhere in the United States were known as "Philadelphia rows". A variety of row houses are found throughout the city, from Federal-style continuous blocks in Old City and Society Hill to Victorian-style homes in North Philadelphia to twin row houses in West Philadelphia. While newer homes have been built recently, much of the housing dates to the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries, which has created problems such as urban decay and vacant lots. Some neighborhoods, including Northern Liberties and Society Hill, have been rehabilitated through gentrification.
- Elfreth's Alley, first developed in 1703, is the nation's oldest residential street.
- Carpenters' Hall, built between 1770 and 1774 in Georgian architecture style
- The Second Bank of the United States, built between 1818 and 1824, exhibiting Greek Revival architecture
- Second Empire-style Philadelphia City Hall, built between 1871 and 1901, on South Broad Street
Parks
See also: Drinking fountains in Philadelphia, Fairmount Park, and List of parks in PhiladelphiaAs of 2014, the city's total park space, including municipal, state, and federal parks in the city, amounts to 11,211 acres (17.5 sq mi). Philadelphia's largest park is Fairmount Park, which includes the Philadelphia Zoo and encompasses 2,052 acres (3.2 sq mi) of the total parkland. Fairmount Park's adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park contains 2,042 acres (3.2 sq mi). Fairmount Park, when combined with Wissahickon Valley Park, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the U.S. The two parks, along with the Colonial Revival, Georgian and Federal-style mansions in them, have been listed as one entity on the National Register of Historic Places since 1972.
Climate
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Within the Köppen climate classification, Philadelphia falls under the northern periphery of the humid subtropical climate zone (Köppen Cfa). Within the Trewartha climate classification, Philadelphia has a temperate maritime climate (Do) limited to the north by the continental climate (Dc). Summers are typically hot and muggy. Fall and spring are generally mild, and winter is moderately cold. The plant life hardiness zones are 7a and 7b, reflecting an average annual extreme minimum temperature between 0 and 10 °F (−18 and −12 °C).
Snowfall is highly variable. Some winters have only light snow while others include major snowstorms. The normal seasonal snowfall averages 22.4 in (57 cm), with rare snowfalls in November or April, and rarely any sustained snow cover. Seasonal snowfall accumulation has ranged from trace amounts in 1972–73, to 78.7 inches (200 cm) in the winter of 2009–10. The city's heaviest single-storm snowfall was 30.7 in (78 cm), which occurred in January 1996.
Precipitation is generally spread throughout the year, with eight to eleven wet days per month, at an average annual rate of 44.1 inches (1,120 mm), but historically ranging from 29.31 in (744 mm) in 1922 to 64.33 in (1,634 mm) in 2011. The most rain recorded in one day occurred on July 28, 2013, when 8.02 in (204 mm) fell at Philadelphia International Airport. Philadelphia has a moderately sunny climate with an average of 2,498 hours of sunshine annually. The percentage of sunshine ranges from 47% in December to 61% in June, July, and August.
The January daily average temperature is 33.7 °F (0.9 °C). The temperature frequently rises to 50 °F (10 °C) during thaws. July averages 78.7 °F (25.9 °C). Heat waves accompanied by high humidity and heat indices are frequent, with highs reaching or exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) on 30 days of the year. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 6 to April 2, allowing a growing season of 217 days. Early fall and late winter are generally dry, with February having the lowest average precipitation at 2.75 inches (70 mm). The dewpoint in the summer averages between 59.1 and 64.5 °F (15 and 18 °C).
The highest recorded temperature was 106 °F (41 °C) on August 7, 1918. Temperatures at or above 100 °F (38 °C) are not common, with the last occurrence of such a temperature being July 21, 2019. The lowest officially recorded temperature was −11 °F (−24 °C) on February 9, 1934. Temperatures at or below 0 °F (−18 °C) are rare, with the last such occurrence being January 19, 1994. The record low maximum is 5 °F (−15 °C) on February 10, 1899, and December 30, 1880. The record high minimum is 83 °F (28 °C) on July 23, 2011, and July 24, 2010.
Climate data for Philadelphia (Philadelphia Airport), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1872–present | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 74 (23) |
79 (26) |
87 (31) |
95 (35) |
97 (36) |
102 (39) |
104 (40) |
106 (41) |
102 (39) |
96 (36) |
84 (29) |
73 (23) |
106 (41) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 63.3 (17.4) |
63.5 (17.5) |
73.8 (23.2) |
84.3 (29.1) |
90.2 (32.3) |
94.8 (34.9) |
97.1 (36.2) |
94.8 (34.9) |
90.6 (32.6) |
82.6 (28.1) |
72.4 (22.4) |
64.2 (17.9) |
98.1 (36.7) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 41.3 (5.2) |
44.3 (6.8) |
52.8 (11.6) |
64.7 (18.2) |
74.4 (23.6) |
83.2 (28.4) |
87.8 (31.0) |
85.8 (29.9) |
78.9 (26.1) |
67.2 (19.6) |
55.9 (13.3) |
46.0 (7.8) |
65.2 (18.4) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 33.7 (0.9) |
35.9 (2.2) |
43.6 (6.4) |
54.5 (12.5) |
64.3 (17.9) |
73.5 (23.1) |
78.7 (25.9) |
76.8 (24.9) |
69.9 (21.1) |
58.2 (14.6) |
47.4 (8.6) |
38.6 (3.7) |
56.3 (13.5) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 26.0 (−3.3) |
27.5 (−2.5) |
34.3 (1.3) |
44.3 (6.8) |
54.2 (12.3) |
63.9 (17.7) |
69.6 (20.9) |
67.9 (19.9) |
60.9 (16.1) |
49.2 (9.6) |
38.8 (3.8) |
31.2 (−0.4) |
47.3 (8.5) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 10.7 (−11.8) |
13.7 (−10.2) |
20.8 (−6.2) |
33.0 (0.6) |
43.1 (6.2) |
53.2 (11.8) |
62.2 (16.8) |
60.3 (15.7) |
49.5 (9.7) |
37.1 (2.8) |
26.4 (−3.1) |
19.0 (−7.2) |
8.6 (−13.0) |
Record low °F (°C) | −7 (−22) |
−11 (−24) |
5 (−15) |
14 (−10) |
28 (−2) |
44 (7) |
51 (11) |
44 (7) |
35 (2) |
25 (−4) |
8 (−13) |
−5 (−21) |
−11 (−24) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.13 (80) |
2.75 (70) |
3.96 (101) |
3.47 (88) |
3.34 (85) |
4.04 (103) |
4.38 (111) |
4.29 (109) |
4.40 (112) |
3.47 (88) |
2.91 (74) |
3.97 (101) |
44.11 (1,120) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 7.1 (18) |
8.4 (21) |
3.6 (9.1) |
0.3 (0.76) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
3.5 (8.9) |
23.1 (59) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 11.0 | 9.7 | 10.9 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 10.3 | 10.1 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 9.1 | 8.6 | 11.0 | 120.8 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 4.1 | 3.8 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 12.0 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 66.2 | 63.6 | 61.7 | 60.4 | 65.4 | 67.8 | 69.6 | 70.4 | 71.6 | 70.8 | 68.4 | 67.7 | 67.0 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 19.8 (−6.8) |
21.0 (−6.1) |
28.6 (−1.9) |
37.0 (2.8) |
49.5 (9.7) |
59.2 (15.1) |
64.6 (18.1) |
63.7 (17.6) |
57.2 (14.0) |
45.7 (7.6) |
35.6 (2.0) |
25.5 (−3.6) |
42.3 (5.7) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 155.7 | 154.7 | 202.8 | 217.0 | 245.1 | 271.2 | 275.6 | 260.1 | 219.3 | 204.5 | 154.7 | 137.7 | 2,498.4 |
Percent possible sunshine | 52 | 52 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 59 | 59 | 52 | 47 | 56 |
Average ultraviolet index | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961–1990) | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV index) |
Climate data for Philadelphia | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average sea temperature °F (°C) | 41.8 (5.5) |
39.9 (4.4) |
41.2 (5.1) |
46.7 (8.2) |
53.9 (12.2) |
66.3 (19.0) |
74.0 (23.3) |
75.9 (24.4) |
71.4 (21.9) |
64.2 (17.9) |
55.1 (12.8) |
47.7 (8.8) |
56.5 (13.6) |
Mean daily daylight hours | 10.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 14.0 | 12.0 | 11.0 | 10.0 | 9.0 | 12.2 |
Source: Weather Atlas |
Time Series
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
See or edit raw graph data.
Air quality
Philadelphia County received an ozone grade of F and a 24-hour particle pollution rating of D in the American Lung Association's 2017 State of the Air report, which analyzed data from 2013 to 2015. The city was ranked 22nd for ozone, 20th for short-term particle pollution, and 11th for year-round particle pollution. According to the same report, the city experienced a significant reduction in high ozone days since 2001—from nearly 50 days per year to fewer than 10—along with fewer days of high particle pollution since 2000—from about 19 days per year to about 3—and an approximate 30% reduction in annual levels of particle pollution since 2000.
Five of the ten largest combined statistical areas (CSAs) were ranked higher for ozone: Los Angeles (1st), New York City (9th), Houston (12th), Dallas (13th), and San Jose, California (18th). Many smaller CSAs were also ranked higher for ozone, including Sacramento (8th), Las Vegas (10th), Denver (11th), El Paso (16th), and Salt Lake City (20th). Only two of those same ten CSAs, San Jose and Los Angeles, were ranked higher than Philadelphia for both year-round and short-term particle pollution.
Demographics
Main article: Demographics of Philadelphia See also: Chinese in Philadelphia; History of Irish Americans in Philadelphia; History of Italian Americans in Philadelphia; Koreans in Philadelphia; Little Saigon, Philadelphia; History of Jews in Philadelphia; LGBT culture in Philadelphia; and Puerto Ricans in PhiladelphiaYear | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1683 | 600 | — |
1731 | 12,000 | +1900.0% |
1790 | 28,522 | +137.7% |
1800 | 41,220 | +44.5% |
1810 | 53,722 | +30.3% |
1820 | 63,802 | +18.8% |
1830 | 80,462 | +26.1% |
1840 | 93,665 | +16.4% |
1850 | 121,376 | +29.6% |
1860 | 565,529 | +365.9% |
1870 | 674,022 | +19.2% |
1880 | 847,170 | +25.7% |
1890 | 1,046,964 | +23.6% |
1900 | 1,293,697 | +23.6% |
1910 | 1,549,008 | +19.7% |
1920 | 1,823,779 | +17.7% |
1930 | 1,950,961 | +7.0% |
1940 | 1,931,334 | −1.0% |
1950 | 2,071,605 | +7.3% |
1960 | 2,002,512 | −3.3% |
1970 | 1,948,609 | −2.7% |
1980 | 1,688,210 | −13.4% |
1990 | 1,585,577 | −6.1% |
2000 | 1,517,550 | −4.3% |
2010 | 1,526,006 | +0.6% |
2020 | 1,603,797 | +5.1% |
2023 | 1,550,542 | −3.3% |
U.S. Decennial Census 2010–2020 Source: U.S. Decennial Census |
As of the 2020 U.S. Census, there were 1,603,797 people residing in Philadelphia, representing a 1.2% increase from the 2019 census estimate. The racial composition of the city was 39.3% Black alone (42.0% Black alone or in combination), 36.3% White alone (41.9% White alone or in combination), 8.7% Asian alone, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native alone, 8.7% some other race, and 6.9% multiracial. 14.9% of residents were Hispanic or Latino.
34.8% had a bachelor's degree or higher. 23.9% spoke a language other than English at home, the most common of which was Spanish (10.8%). 15.0% of the populations foreign born, roughly half of whom are naturalized U.S. citizens. 3.7% of the population are veterans. The median household income was $52,889 and 22.8% of the population lived in poverty. 49.5% of the population drove alone to work, while 23.2% used public transit, 8.2% carpooled, 7.9% walked, and 7.0% worked from home. The average commute is 31 minutes.
After the 1950 census, when a record high of 2,071,605 was recorded, the city's population began a long decline. The population dropped to a low of 1,488,710 residents in 2006 before beginning to rise again. Between 2006 and 2017, Philadelphia added 92,153 residents. In 2017, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that the racial composition of the city was 41.3% Black (non-Hispanic), 34.9% White (non-Hispanic), 14.1% Hispanic or Latino, 7.1% Asian, 0.4% Native American, 0.05% Pacific Islander, and 2.8% multiracial.
Census racial composition | 2020 | 2010 | 2000 | 1990 | 1980 | 1970 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 38.3% | 42.2% | 42.6% | 39.3% | 37.5% | 33.3% |
White (non-Hispanic) | 34.3% | 36.9% | 42.5% | 52.1% | 57.1% | 63.8 |
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 14.9% | 12.3% | 8.5% | 5.6% | 3.8% | 2.4% |
Asian | 8.3% | 6.3% | 4.5% | 2.7% | 1.1% | 0.3% |
Pacific Islanders | 0.1% | <0.1% | <0.1% | <0.1% | ||
Native Americans | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
Two or more races | 6.9% | 2.8% | 2.2% | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Immigration and cultural diversity
In addition to the city's economic growth, the city's population has been fueled by foreign immigration. According to The Pew Charitable Trusts, the city's foreign-born population increased by 69% between 2000 and 2016 to constitute nearly 20% of Philadelphia's workforce, and it doubled between 1990 and 2017 to constitute 13.8% of the city's total population, with the top five countries of origin being China by a significant margin followed by the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, India, and Vietnam.
Country | Population |
---|---|
China | 22,140 |
Dominican Republic | 13,792 |
Jamaica | 13,500 |
India | 11,382 |
Vietnam | 10,132 |
Haiti | 9,186 |
Mexico | 7,823 |
Ukraine | 6,898 |
Albania | 5,258 |
South Korea/ North Korea | 4,385 |
Irish, Italian, German, Polish, English, Russian, Ukrainian, and French ancestries constitute the largest European ethnic groups in the city. Philadelphia has the second-largest Irish and Italian populations in the United States after New York City. South Philadelphia remains one of the largest Italian neighborhoods in the country and is home to the Italian Market.
The Pennsport neighborhood and Gray's Ferry section of South Philadelphia, home to many Mummer clubs, are well known as Irish neighborhoods. The Kensington, Port Richmond, and Fishtown neighborhoods have historically been heavily Irish and Polish. Port Richmond is a center for the Polish-American community in Philadelphia, and it remains a common destination for Polish immigrants. Northeast Philadelphia, although known for its Irish and Irish-American population, is home to a Jewish and Russian population. Mount Airy in Northwest Philadelphia also contains a Jewish community. Nearby Chestnut Hill is historically known as an Anglo-Saxon Protestant community.
Philadelphia's Black American population is the fourth-largest in the country after New York City, Chicago, and Houston. West Philadelphia and North Philadelphia are largely African-American neighborhoods, but many are leaving those areas in favor of the Northeast and Southwest sections of Philadelphia. A higher proportion of African-American Muslims reside in Philadelphia than most other major U.S. cities. West Philadelphia and Southwest Philadelphia are home to various Afro-Caribbean and African immigrant communities.
The Puerto Rican population in Philadelphia is the second-largest on the U.S. mainland after New York City, and the second-fastest growing after Orlando. Eastern North Philadelphia, particularly Fairhill and surrounding areas to the north and east, has one of the highest concentrations of Puerto Ricans outside Puerto Rico, with many large swaths of blocks being close to 100% Puerto Rican. Puerto Rican and Dominican populations reside in North Philadelphia and the Northeast, and Mexican and Central American populations exist in South Philadelphia. South American migrants were being transported by bus from Texas to Philadelphia beginning in 2022.
Philadelphia's Asian American population includes those of Chinese, Indians, Vietnamese, South Koreans, Filipinos, Cambodians, and Indonesians. Over 35,000 Chinese Americans lived in the city in 2015, including a Fuzhounese population. Center City hosts a Chinatown that is served by Chinatown bus lines with service to/from Chinatown, Manhattan. Indians make up the second-largest Asian group in the city of Philadelphia, while making up the largest foreign-born population in the greater Delaware Valley. A Korean community initially settled in the North Philadelphia neighborhood of Olney; however, the primary Koreatown has subsequently shifted further north, straddling the city's border with adjacent Cheltenham in Montgomery County and Cherry Hill in South Jersey. South Philadelphia is home to Vietnamese-Americans in Little Saigon and Cambodian-Americans in Cambodia Town, as well as Thai-American, Indonesian-American, and Chinese-American communities.
Philadelphia's Gay village near Washington Square is home to a concentration of gay and lesbian-friendly businesses, restaurants, and bars.
Religion
Main article: Religion in PhiladelphiaIn a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, 68% of the population of the city identified themselves as Christian. Approximately 41% of Christians in the city and area professed attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered Protestant, while 26% professed Catholic beliefs.
The Protestant Christian community in Philadelphia is dominated by mainline Protestant denominations including the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, United Church of Christ, the Episcopal Church in the United States, Presbyterian Church (USA) and American Baptist Churches USA. One of the most prominent mainline Protestant jurisdictions is the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania. The African Methodist Episcopal Church was established in Philadelphia. Historically, the city has strong connections to the Quakers, Unitarian Universalism, and the Ethical Culture movement, all of which continue to be represented in the city. The Quaker Friends General Conference is based in Philadelphia. Evangelical Protestants making up less than 15% of the population were also prevalent.
Evangelical Protestant bodies included the Anglican Church in North America, Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod, Presbyterian Church in America, and National Baptist Convention of America. The Catholic community is primarily served by the Latin Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia, the Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Philadelphia, and the Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of the United States of America and Canada, though some independent Catholic churches exist throughout Philadelphia and its suburbs. The Latin Church-based jurisdiction is headquartered in the city, and its see is the Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul. The Ukrainian Catholic jurisdiction is headquartered in Philadelphia, and is seated at the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception.
Less than 1% of Philadelphia's Christians were Mormons. The remainder of the Christian demographic is spread among smaller Protestant denominations and the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox among others. The Diocese of Eastern Pennsylvania (Orthodox Church in America) and Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America (Ecumenical Patriarchate) divide the Eastern Orthodox in Philadelphia. The Russian Orthodox St. Andrew's Cathedral is in the city. The same study says that other religions collectively compose about 8% of the population, including Judaism, Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, and Sikhism. Philadelphia has the fifth-largest Muslim population among U.S. cities. The remaining 24% claimed no religious affiliation.
The Philadelphia metropolitan area's Jewish population was estimated at 206,000 in 2001, which was the sixth-largest in the U.S. at that time. Jewish traders were operating in southeastern Pennsylvania long before William Penn. Jews in Philadelphia took a prominent part in the War of Independence. Although the majority of the early Jewish residents were of Portuguese or Spanish descent, some among them had emigrated from Germany and Poland. About the beginning of the 19th century, a number of Jews from the latter countries, finding the services of the Congregation Mickvé Israel unfamiliar to them, resolved to form a new congregation which would use the ritual to which they had been accustomed.
African diasporic religions are practiced in some Latino and Hispanic and Caribbean communities in North and West Philadelphia.
Languages
As of 2010, 79.12% (1,112,441) of Philadelphia residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 9.72% (136,688) spoke Spanish, 1.64% (23,075) Chinese, 0.89% (12,499) Vietnamese, 0.77% (10,885) Russian, 0.66% (9,240) French, 0.61% (8,639) other Asian languages, 0.58% (8,217) African languages, 0.56% (7,933) Cambodian (Mon-Khmer), and Italian was spoken as a main language by 0.55% (7,773) of the population over the age of five. In total, 20.88% (293,544) of Philadelphia's population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.
Poverty
Philadelphia is home to many food poverty programs, of which two of the largest are Philabundance which claims to feed 90000 people per week. and Share Food Program which claims to feed 1 million people per month.
Economy
Main article: Economy of PhiladelphiaTop publicly traded companies headquartered in Philadelphia | ||
Corporation | 2019 rank |
Revenue (billions) |
Comcast | 32 | 94.5 |
Aramark | 198 | 15.8 |
FMC | 556 | 4.7 |
Urban Outfitters | 634 | 4.0 |
Carpenter Technology | 940 | 2.2 |
Source: Fortune |
Philadelphia's close geographical and transportation connections to other large metropolitan economies along the Eastern Seaboard of the United States have been cited as offering a significant competitive advantage for business creation and entrepreneurship. The city is the center of economic activity in both Pennsylvania and the four-state Delaware Valley metropolitan region. Five Fortune 500 companies are headquartered in the city. As of 2021, the Philadelphia metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of US$479 billion, an increase from the $445 billion calculated by the Bureau of Economic Analysis for 2017, representing the ninth-largest U.S. metropolitan economy.
Philadelphia's economic sectors include financial services, health care, biotechnology, information technology, trade and transportation, manufacturing, oil refining, food processing, and tourism. Metropolitan Philadelphia is one of the top five American venture capital hubs, credited to its proximity to New York City's financial and tech and biotechnology ecosystems. Financial activities account for the largest economic sector of the metropolitan area, which is one of the largest health education and research centers in the United States. The city's two largest employers are the federal and city governments. Philadelphia's largest private employer is the University of Pennsylvania, followed by the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
Finance and corporations
Main article: List of companies based in the Philadelphia areaThe Philadelphia Stock Exchange, acquired by Nasdaq in 2007, is a global leader in options trading. The city is home to the headquarters of Comcast, the nation's largest multinational telecommunications corporation; insurance conglomerates Cigna, Colonial Penn, and Independence Blue Cross; as well as food services company Aramark, chemical makers FMC Corporation and Rohm and Haas, pharmaceutical companies GlaxoSmithKline, Amicus Therapeutics, Spark Therapeutics, apparel retailers Five Below and Urban Outfitters and its subsidiary Anthropologie, automotive parts retailer Pep Boys, and stainless steel producer Carpenter Technology Corporation.
Other corporation headquarters in the city include RiteAid, Crown Holdings, and Brandywine Realty Trust. The headquarters of Boeing Rotorcraft Systems and its main rotorcraft factory are in the Philadelphia suburb of Ridley Park; The Vanguard Group, and the U.S. headquarters of Siemens Healthineers are headquartered in Malvern, Pennsylvania, a Philadelphia suburb. Healthcare conglomerate AmerisourceBergen is located in suburban Conshohocken, Pennsylvania. Across the Delaware River in adjacent Camden County, New Jersey, Campbell Soup Company and Subaru USA are both headquartered in the city of Camden, and TD Bank (USA) is headquartered in nearby suburban Cherry Hill, New Jersey.
Tech and biotech
Philadelphia is a hub for information technology and biotechnology. Philadelphia and Pennsylvania are attracting new life sciences ventures. As of 2024, the Delaware Valley ranks as one of the Big Five U.S. venture capital hubs, enabled by its proximity to both the entrepreneurial and financial ecosystems of New York City and to the federal regulatory environment of Washington, D.C.
Tourism
See also: List of tourist attractions in PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia's history attracts many tourists, with the Independence National Historical Park, which includes the Liberty Bell, Independence Hall, and other historic sites, received over 5 million visitors in 2016. The city welcomed 42 million domestic tourists in 2016 who spent $6.8 billion, generating an estimated $11 billion in total economic impact in the city and surrounding four counties of Pennsylvania. The annual Naked Bike Ride attracts participants from around the United States and internationally to Philadelphia.
Trade and transportation
Main article: Transportation in PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia International Airport, a major Transatlantic gateway and transcontinental hub, has undergone a $900 million infrastructural expansion to increase passenger capacity and augment passenger experience, and the airport continues an ongoing capital expenditure program to upgrade facilities and add further amenities. The Port of Philadelphia, having experienced the highest percentage growth by tonnage loaded in 2017 among major U.S. seaports, has doubled its shipping capacity to accommodate super-sized post-Panamax shipping vessels since 2018. Philadelphia's 30th Street Station is the third-busiest Amtrak rail hub, following Penn Station in Manhattan and Union Station in Washington, D.C., transporting over 4 million inter-city rail passengers annually.
Education
Main article: Education in Philadelphia See also: Free Library of PhiladelphiaPrimary and secondary education
See also: School District of PhiladelphiaEducation in Philadelphia is provided by many private and public institutions. The School District of Philadelphia is the local school district, operating public schools, in all of the city. The Philadelphia School District is the eighth-largest school district in the nation with 142,266 students in 218 traditional public schools and 86 charter schools as of 2014.
The city's K-12 enrollment in district–run schools dropped from 156,211 students in 2010 to 130,104 students in 2015. During the same time period, the enrollment in charter schools increased from 33,995 students in 2010 to 62,358 students in 2015. This consistent drop in enrollment led the city to close 24 of its public schools in 2013. During the 2014 school year, the city spent an average of $12,570 per pupil, below the average among comparable urban school districts.
Graduation rates among district-run schools, meanwhile, steadily increased in the ten years from 2005. In 2005, Philadelphia had a district graduation rate of 52%. This number increased to 65% in 2014, still below the national and state averages. Scores on the state's standardized test, the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA) trended upward from 2005 to 2011 but subsequently decreased. In 2005, the district-run schools scored an average of 37.4% on math and 35.5% on reading. The city's schools reached their peak scores in 2011 with 59.0% on math and 52.3% on reading. In 2014, the scores dropped significantly to 45.2% on math and 42.0% on reading.
Of the city's public high schools, including charter schools, only four performed above the national average on the SAT (1497 out of 2400) in 2014: Masterman, Central, Girard Academic Music Program, and MaST Community Charter School. All other district-run schools were below average.
Higher education
See also: List of colleges and universities in PhiladelphiaMedical and research facilities of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Philadelphia has the third-largest student concentration on the East Coast, with more than 120,000 college and university students enrolled within the city and nearly 300,000 in the metropolitan area. More than 80 colleges, universities, trade, and specialty schools are in the Philadelphia region. One of the founding members of the Association of American Universities is in the city, the University of Pennsylvania, an Ivy League institution with claims to be the First university in the United States.
The city's largest university by student enrollment is Temple University, followed by Drexel University. The city's nationally ranked research universities comprise the University of Pennsylvania, Temple University, Drexel University, and Thomas Jefferson University. Philadelphia is also home to five schools of medicine: Drexel University College of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, and Thomas Jefferson University's Sidney Kimmel Medical College. Hospitals, universities, and higher education research institutions in Philadelphia's four congressional districts received more than $252 million in National Institutes of Health grants in 2015.
Other institutions of higher learning within the city's borders include:
- Chestnut Hill College
- Community College of Philadelphia
- Curtis Institute of Music
- Holy Family University
- La Salle University
- Moore College of Art and Design
- Peirce College
- Saint Joseph's University
- The Restaurant School at Walnut Hill College
Culture
Main article: Culture of Philadelphia See also: List of National Historic Landmarks in Philadelphia, List of sites of interest in Philadelphia, and List of tourist attractions in PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia is home to many national historical sites that relate to the founding of the United States. Independence National Historical Park is the center of these historical landmarks and one of the country's 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed, and the Liberty Bell is housed, are among the city's most popular attractions. Other national historic sites include the homes of Edgar Allan Poe and Thaddeus Kosciuszko, and early government buildings, including the First and the Second Bank of the United States, Fort Mifflin, and the Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church. Philadelphia alone has 67 National Historic Landmarks, the third most of any city in the country.
Philadelphia's major science museums include the Franklin Institute, which contains the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial, the Academy of Natural Sciences, the Mütter Museum, and the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. History museums include the National Constitution Center, the Museum of the American Revolution, the Philadelphia History Museum, the National Museum of American Jewish History, the African American Museum in Philadelphia, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Masonic Library and Museum of Pennsylvania in the Masonic Temple, and the Eastern State Penitentiary. Philadelphia is home to the United States's first zoo and hospital, as well as Fairmount Park, one of America's oldest and largest urban parks, founded in 1855.
The city is home to important archival repositories, including the Library Company of Philadelphia, established in 1731 by Benjamin Franklin at 1314 Locust Street, and the Athenaeum of Philadelphia, founded in 1814. The Presbyterian Historical Society is the country's oldest denominational historical society, organized in 1852.
Arts
See also: List of museums in Philadelphia, List of public art in Philadelphia, and Mummers ParadeThe city is home to multiple art museums, including the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and the Rodin Museum, which holds the largest collection of work by Auguste Rodin outside France. The city's largest art museum, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, is one of the largest art museums in the world. The long flight of steps to the Art Museum's main entrance became famous after the film Rocky (1976).
Annual events include the Philadelphia Film Festival, held annually each October, the 6abc Dunkin' Donuts Thanksgiving Day Parade, the nation's longest-running continuously held Thanksgiving Day parade, and the Mummers Parade, the nation's longest continuously held folk parade, which is held every New Year's Day predominantly on Broad Street.
Areas such as South Street and the Old City section of the city have a vibrant night life. The Avenue of the Arts in Center City contains many restaurants and theaters, such as the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts, home of the Philadelphia Orchestra, and the Academy of Music, home of Opera Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Ballet. The Wilma Theatre and the Philadelphia Theatre Company at the Suzanne Roberts Theatre produce a variety of new plays. Several blocks to the east are the Lantern Theater Company at St. Stephens Episcopal Church; and the Walnut Street Theatre, a National Historic Landmark stated to be the oldest and most subscribed-to theatre in the English-speaking world, founded in 1809. In May 2019, the Walnut Street Theatre announced a major expansion to begin in 2020. New Freedom Theatre, Pennsylvania's oldest African-American theatre, is located on North Broad Street.
Philadelphia has more public art than any other American city. In 1872, the Association for Public Art, formerly the Fairmount Park Art Association, was created as the first private association in the United States dedicated to integrating public art and urban planning. In 1959, lobbying by the Artists Equity Association helped create the Percent for Art ordinance, the first for a U.S. city. The program, which has funded more than 200 pieces of public art, is administered by the Philadelphia Office of Arts and Culture, the city's art agency. The city has more murals than any other American city, due to the 1984 creation of the Department of Recreation's Mural Arts Program, which seeks to beautify neighborhoods and provide an outlet for graffiti artists. The program has funded more than 2,800 murals by professional, staff and volunteer artists and educated more than 20,000 youth in underserved neighborhoods throughout Philadelphia.
The city is home to a number of art organizations, including the regional art advocacy nonprofit Philadelphia Tri-State Artists Equity, the Philadelphia Sketch Club, one of the country's oldest artists' clubs, and The Plastic Club, started by women excluded from the Sketch Club. Many Old City art galleries stay open late on the First Friday event of each month.
Music
Main article: Music of PhiladelphiaThe Philadelphia Orchestra is generally considered one of the top five orchestras in the United States. The orchestra performs at the Kimmel Center and has a summer concert series at the Mann Center for the Performing Arts. Opera Philadelphia performs at the nation's oldest continually operating opera house—the Academy of Music. The Philadelphia Boys Choir & Chorale has performed its music all over the world. The Philly Pops plays orchestral versions of popular jazz, swing, Broadway, and blues songs at the Kimmel Center and other venues within the mid-Atlantic region. The Curtis Institute of Music is one of the world's premier conservatories and among the most selective institutes of higher education in the nation.
Philadelphia has played a prominent role in the music of the United States. The culture of American popular music has been influenced by significant contributions of Philadelphia area musicians and producers, in both the recording and broadcasting industries. In 1952, the teen dance party program called Bandstand premiered on local television, hosted by Bob Horn. The show was renamed American Bandstand in 1957, when it began national syndication on ABC, hosted by Dick Clark and produced in Philadelphia until 1964 when it moved to Los Angeles. Promoters marketed youthful musical artists known as teen idols to appeal to the young audience. Philadelphia-born singers such as Frankie Avalon, James Darren, Eddie Fisher, Fabian Forte, and Bobby Rydell, along with South Philly-raised Chubby Checker, topped the music charts, establishing a clean-cut rock and roll image.
Philly soul music of the late 1960s–1970s is a highly produced version of soul music which led to later forms of popular music such as disco and urban contemporary rhythm and blues. On July 13, 1985, John F. Kennedy Stadium was the American venue for the Live Aid concert. The city also hosted the Live 8 concert, which attracted about 700,000 people to the Benjamin Franklin Parkway on July 2, 2005.
Notable rock and pop musicians from Philadelphia and its suburbs include Bill Haley & His Comets, Nazz, Todd Rundgren, Hall & Oates, the Hooters, Cinderella, DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince, Ween, Schoolly D, Pink, the Roots, Beanie Sigel, State Property, Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes, Meek Mill, Lil Uzi Vert, and others.
Cuisine
Main article: Cuisine of PhiladelphiaThe city is known for its hoagies, stromboli, roast pork sandwich, scrapple, soft pretzels, water ice, Irish potato candy, tastykakes, and the cheesesteak sandwich which was developed by Italian immigrants. The Philadelphia area has many establishments that serve cheesesteaks, including restaurants, taverns, delicatessens and pizza parlors. The originator of the thinly-sliced steak sandwich in the 1930s, initially without cheese, is Pat's King of Steaks, which faces its rival Geno's Steaks, founded in 1966, across the intersection of 9th Street and Passyunk Avenue in the Italian Market of South Philadelphia.
McGillin's Olde Ale House, opened in 1860 on Drury Street in Center City, is the oldest continuously operated tavern in the city. The City Tavern is a replica of a historic 18th-century building first opened in 1773, demolished in 1854 after a fire, and rebuilt in 1975 on the same site as part of Independence National Historical Park. The tavern offers authentic 18th-century recipes, served in seven period dining rooms, three wine cellar rooms and an outdoor garden.
The Reading Terminal Market is a historic food market founded in 1893 in the Reading Terminal building, a designated National Historic Landmark. The enclosed market is one of the oldest and largest markets in the country, hosting over a hundred merchants offering Pennsylvania Dutch specialties, artisan cheese and meat, locally grown groceries, and specialty and ethnic foods.
Dialect
Main article: Philadelphia EnglishThe traditional Philadelphia accent is considered by some linguists to be the most distinctive accent in North America. The Philadelphia dialect, which is spread throughout the Delaware Valley and South Jersey, is part of a larger Mid-Atlantic American English family, a designation that also includes the Baltimore accent. Additionally, it shares many similarities with the New York accent. Owing to over a century of linguistic data collected by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania under sociolinguist William Labov, the Philadelphia dialect has been one of the best-studied forms of American English. The accent is especially found within the Irish American and Italian American working-class neighborhoods. Philadelphia also has its own unique collection of neologisms and slang terms.
Sports
Main article: Sports in Philadelphia See also: Philadelphia 76ers, Philadelphia Flyers, Philadelphia Eagles, Philadelphia Phillies, and Philadelphia Union Citizens Bank Park (left), home of the Phillies since 2004, and Lincoln Financial Field (right), home of the Eagles since 2003Philadelphia's first professional sports team was baseball's Athletics, organized in 1860. The Athletics were initially an amateur league team that turned professional in 1871, and then became a founding team of the current National League in 1876. The city is one of 13 U.S. cities to have teams in all four major league sports: the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB), the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL), the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League (NHL), and the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Phillies, formed in 1883 as the Quakers and renamed in 1884, are the oldest team continuously playing under the same name in the same city in the history of American professional sports.
The Philadelphia metro area is also home to the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer (MLS). The Union began playing their home games in 2010 at PPL Park, a soccer-specific stadium in Chester, Pennsylvania. The stadium's name was changed to Talen Energy Stadium in 2016 and to Subaru Park in 2020.
Philadelphia was the second of eight American cities to have won titles in all four major leagues (MLB, NFL, NHL and NBA), and also has a title in soccer from the now-defunct North American Soccer League in the 1970s. The city's professional teams and their fans endured 25 years without a championship, from the 76ers 1983 NBA Finals win until the Phillies 2008 World Series win. The lack of championships was sometimes attributed in jest to the Curse of Billy Penn after One Liberty Place became the first building to surpass the height of the William Penn statue on top of City Hall's tower in 1987. After nine years passed without another championship, the Eagles won their first Super Bowl following the 2017 season. In 2004, ESPN placed Philadelphia second on its list of The Fifteen Most Tortured Sports Cities. Fans of the Eagles and Phillies were singled out as the worst fans in the country by GQ magazine in 2011, which used the subtitle of "Meanest Fans in America" to summarize incidents of drunken behavior and a history of booing.
Major professional sports teams that originated in Philadelphia but later moved to other cities include the Golden State Warriors basketball team, which played in Philadelphia from 1946 to 1962 and the Oakland Athletics baseball team, which was originally the Philadelphia Athletics and played in Philadelphia from 1901 to 1954.
Philadelphia is home to professional, semi-professional, and elite amateur teams in cricket, rugby league (Philadelphia Fight), and rugby union. Major running events in the city include the Penn Relays (track and field), the Philadelphia Marathon, and the Broad Street Run. The Collegiate Rugby Championship is played every June at Talen Energy Stadium in Chester.
Rowing has been popular in Philadelphia since the 18th century. Boathouse Row is a symbol of Philadelphia's rich rowing history, and each Big Five member has its own boathouse. Philadelphia hosts numerous local and collegiate rowing clubs and competitions, including the annual Dad Vail Regatta, which is the largest intercollegiate rowing event in North America with more than 100 U.S. and Canadian colleges and universities participating; the annual Stotesbury Cup Regatta, which is billed as the world's oldest and largest rowing event for high school students; and the Head of the Schuylkill Regatta. The regattas are held on the Schuylkill River and organized by the Schuylkill Navy, an association of area rowing clubs that has produced numerous Olympic rowers.
The Philadelphia Spinners were a professional ultimate team in Major League Ultimate (MLU) until 2016. The Spinners were one of the original eight teams of the American Ultimate Disc League (AUDL) that began in 2012. They played at Franklin Field and won the inaugural AUDL championship and the final MLU championship in 2016. The MLU was suspended indefinitely by its investors in December 2016. As of 2018, the Philadelphia Phoenix continue to play in the AUDL.
Philadelphia is home to the Philadelphia Big 5, a group of five NCAA Division I college basketball programs. The Big 5 include La Salle, Penn, Saint Joseph's, Temple, and Villanova universities. The sixth NCAA Division I school in Philadelphia is Drexel University. La Salle won the 1954 championship of the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. Villanova won the 1985, 2016, and 2018 championship of the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. Philadelphia will be one of the eleven US host cities for the 2026 FIFA World Cup.
Team | League | Sport | Venue | Capacity | Founded | Championships |
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Philadelphia Phillies | MLB | Baseball | Citizens Bank Park | 46,528 | 1883 | 1980, 2008 |
Philadelphia Eagles | NFL | American football | Lincoln Financial Field | 69,176 | 1933 | 1948, 1949, 1960, 2017 |
Philadelphia 76ers | NBA | Basketball | Wells Fargo Center | 21,600 | 1963 | 1966–67, 1982–83 |
Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | Ice hockey | Wells Fargo Center | 19,786 | 1967 | 1973–74, 1974–75 |
Philadelphia Union | MLS | Soccer | Subaru Park | 18,500 | 2010 | none |
Philadelphia Wings | NLL | Lacrosse | Wells Fargo Center | 19,786 | 2018 | none |
Law and government
See also: Philadelphia City HallPhiladelphia County is a legal nullity. All county functions were assumed by the city in 1952. The city has been coterminous with the county since 1854.
Philadelphia's 1952 Home Rule Charter was written by the City Charter Commission, which was created by the Pennsylvania General Assembly in an act of April 1949, and a city ordinance of June 1949. The existing city council received a proposed draft in February 1951, and the electors approved it in an election held in April 1951. The first elections under the new Home Rule Charter were held in November 1951, and the newly elected officials took office in January 1952.
The city uses the strong-mayor version of the mayor–council form of government, which is led by one mayor in whom executive authority is vested. The mayor has the authority to appoint and dismiss members of all boards and commissions without the approval of the city council. Elected at-large, the mayor is limited to two consecutive four-year terms, but can run for the position again after an intervening term.
Courts
See also: District Attorney of Philadelphia, United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, and United States District Court for the Eastern District of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia County is coterminous with the First Judicial District of Pennsylvania. The Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas is the trial court of general jurisdiction for the city, hearing felony-level criminal cases and civil suits above the minimum jurisdictional limit of $10,000. The court has appellate jurisdiction over rulings from the Municipal and Traffic Courts, and some administrative agencies and boards. The trial division has 70 commissioned judges elected by the voters, along with about one thousand other employees. The court has a family division with 25 judges and an orphans' court with three judges.
As of 2018, the city's District Attorney is Larry Krasner, a Democrat. The last Republican to hold the office is Ronald D. Castille, who left in 1991 and later served as the Chief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court from 2008 to 2014.
The Philadelphia Municipal Court handles traffic cases, misdemeanor and felony criminal cases with maximum incarceration of five years, and civil cases involving $12,000 or less ($15,000 in real estate and school tax cases), and all landlord-tenant disputes. The municipal court has 27 judges elected by the voters.
Pennsylvania's three appellate courts also have sittings in Philadelphia. The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, the court of last resort in the state, regularly hears arguments in Philadelphia City Hall. The Superior Court of Pennsylvania and the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania also sit in Philadelphia several times a year. Judges for these courts are elected at large. The state Supreme Court and Superior Court have deputy prothonotary offices in Philadelphia.
Philadelphia is home to the federal United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, both of which are housed in the James A. Byrne United States Courthouse.
Politics
See also: List of mayors of Philadelphia; Philadelphia City Council; and Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania § PoliticsThe current mayor is Cherelle Parker who won the election in November 2023. Parker's predecessor, Jim Kenney, served two terms from 2016 to January 2024. Parker is a member of the Democratic Party. For over seven decades, since 1952, every Philadelphia mayor has been a Democrat.
Philadelphia City Council is the legislative branch which consists of ten council members representing individual districts and seven members elected at-large, all of whom are elected to four-year terms. Democrats are currently the majority and hold 14 seats including nine of the ten districts and five at-large seats. Republicans hold one seat: the Northeast-based Tenth District. The Working Families Party holds two at-large seats making them the council's minority party. The current council president is Kenyatta Johnson.
Philadelphia's political structure consists of a system of wards and divisions. There are 66 wards with 11 to 51 divisions each for a total of 1703 divisions. Each division elects two committee people who are supposed to live within the division boundaries, and committee people select a leader for their ward. Democrats and Republicans elect their own committee people every four years. The committee person's role is to serve as a point of contact between voters and party officials and help get out the vote. Most wards are closed which means the ward leader makes sole endorsement decisions; open wards allow committee people to weigh in on these decisions. There are groups such as Open Wards Philadelphia Archived April 2, 2024, at the Wayback Machine and individuals who are working to elect ward leaders who promote an open ward system.
Chart of voter registration
Democratic (75.16%) Republican (11.29%) Independent (11.04%) Other Parties (2.50%)Philadelphia County voter registration statistics as of March 4, 2024 | |||||
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Political Party | Total Voters | Percentage | |||
Democratic | 775,851 | 75.00% | |||
Republican | 117,639 | 11.37% | |||
No Party Affiliation | 114,990 | 11.11% | |||
Minor parties | 25,924 | 2.50% | |||
Total | 1,034,404 | 100.00% |
Philadelphia had historically been a bastion of the Republican Party from the American Civil War until the mid-1930s. In 1856, the first Republican National Convention was held at Musical Fund Hall at 808 Locust Street in Philadelphia.
Democratic registrations increased after the Great Depression; however, the city was not carried by Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt in his landslide victory of 1932, as Pennsylvania was one of only six states won by Republican Herbert Hoover. Voter turnout surged from 600,000 in 1932 to nearly 900,000 in 1936 and Roosevelt carried Philadelphia with over 60% of the vote. Philadelphia has voted Democratic in every presidential election since 1936. In 2008, Democrat Barack Obama drew 83% of the city's vote. Obama's win was even greater in 2012, capturing 85% of the vote. In 2016, Democrat Hillary Clinton won 82% of the vote.
As a result of the previously declining population in the city and state, Philadelphia has only three congressional districts of the 18 districts in Pennsylvania, based on the 2010 census apportionment: the 2nd district, represented by Brendan Boyle; the 3rd, represented by Dwight Evans; and the 5th, represented by Mary Gay Scanlon. All three representatives are Democrats, though Republicans still have some support in the city, primarily in the Northeast. Sam Katz ran competitive mayoral races as the Republican nominee in 1999 and 2003, losing to Democrat John Street both times.
Pennsylvania's longest-serving Senator, Arlen Specter, was an alumnus of the University of Pennsylvania who opened his first law practice in Philadelphia. Specter served as a Republican from 1981 and as a Democrat from 2009, losing that party's primary in 2010 and leaving office in January 2011. He was assistant counsel on the Warren Commission in 1964 and the city's district attorney from 1966 to 1974.
Philadelphia has hosted various national conventions, including in 1848 (Whig), 1856 (Republican), 1872 (Republican), 1900 (Republican), 1936 (Democratic), 1940 (Republican), 1948 (Republican), 1948 (Progressive), 2000 (Republican), and 2016 (Democratic). Philadelphia has been home to one vice president, George M. Dallas, and one general of the American Civil War, George B. McClellan, who won his party's nomination for president but lost in the general election to Abraham Lincoln in 1864. In May 2019, former U.S. Vice President Joe Biden chose Philadelphia to be his 2020 U.S. presidential campaign headquarters.
Environmental policy
"Green Cities, Clean Water" is an environmental policy initiative based in Philadelphia that has shown promising results in mitigating the effects of climate change. The researchers on the policy have stated that despite such promising plans of green infrastructure building, "the city is forecasted to grow warmer, wetter, and more urbanized over the century, runoff and local temperatures will increase on average throughout the city". Even though landcover predictive models on the effects of the policy initiative have indicated that green infrastructure could be useful at decreasing the amount of runoff in the city over time, the city government would have to expand its current plans and "consider the cobenefit of climate change adaptation when planning new projects" in limiting the scope of city-wide temperature increase.
Public safety
Further information: Crime in Philadelphia and Philadelphia crime familyPolice and law enforcement
Main article: Philadelphia Police DepartmentIn a 2015 report by Pew Charitable Trusts, the police districts with the highest rates of violent crime were Frankford (15th district) and Kensington (24th district) in the Near Northeast, and districts to the North (22nd, 25th, and 35th districts), West (19th district) and Southwest (12th district) of Center City. Each of those seven districts recorded more than a thousand violent crimes in 2014. The lowest rates of violent crime occurred in Center City, South Philadelphia, the Far Northeast, and Roxborough districts, the latter of which includes Manayunk.
Philadelphia had 500, 503 according to some sources, murders in 1990, a rate of 31.5 per 100,000. An average of about 400 murders occurred each year for most of the 1990s. The murder count dropped in 2002 to 288, then rose to 406 by 2006, before dropping slightly to 392 in 2007. A few years later, Philadelphia began to see a rapid decline in homicides and violent crime. In 2013, the city had 246 murders, which is a decrease of nearly 40% since 2006.
In 2014, 248 homicides were committed. The homicide rate rose to 280 in 2015, then fell slightly to 277 in 2016, before rising again to 317 in 2017. Homicides increased dramatically in the late 2010s/early 2020s, reaching 499 homicides in 2020 and surpassing the 1990 "record" in 2021, with 501st murder on November 27 and 510 by the end of the month. Phillie ended the year with 562 murders, an all-time record. It dropped in 2022 to 514, and significantly further again in 2023, to 410. In 2006, Philadelphia's homicide rate of 27.7 per 100,000 people was the highest of the country's 10 most populous cities. In 2012, Philadelphia had the fourth-highest homicide rate among the country's most populous cities. The rate dropped to 16 homicides per 100,000 residents by 2014 placing Philadelphia as the sixth-highest city in the country.
The number of shootings in the city has declined significantly since the early years of the 21st century. Shooting incidents peaked at 1,857 in 2006 before declining nearly 44 percent to 1,047 shootings in 2014. Major crimes have decreased gradually since a peak in 2006 when 85,498 major crimes were reported. The number of reported major crimes fell 11 percent in three years to 68,815 occurrences in 2014. Violent crimes, which include homicide, rape, aggravated assault, and robbery, decreased 14 percent in three years to 15,771 occurrences in 2014.
In 2014, Philadelphia enacted an ordinance decriminalizing the possession of less than 30 grams of marijuana or eight grams of hashish; the ordinance gave police officers the discretion to treat possession of these amounts as a civil infraction punishable by a $25 ticket, rather than a crime. At the time, Philadelphia was at the largest city in the nation to decriminalize the possession of marijuana. From 2013 to 2018, marijuana arrests in the city dropped by more than 85%. The purchase or sale of marijuana remains a criminal offense in Philadelphia.
Firefighting
Main article: Philadelphia Fire DepartmentThe Philadelphia Fire Department provides fire protection and emergency medical services (EMS). The department's official mission is to protect public safety by quick and professional response to emergencies and the promotion of sound emergency prevention measures. This mandate encompasses all traditional firefighting functions, including fire suppression, with 60 engine companies and 30 ladder companies as well as specialty and support units deployed throughout the city; specialized firefighting units for Philadelphia International Airport and the Port of Philadelphia; investigations conducted by the fire marshal's office to determine the origins of fires and develop preventive strategies; prevention programs to educate the public; and support services including research and planning, management of the fire communications center within the city's 911 system, and operation of the Philadelphia Fire Academy.
Media
See also: Media in PhiladelphiaNewspapers
Philadelphia's two major daily newspapers are The Philadelphia Inquirer, first published in 1829—the third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the country—and the Philadelphia Daily News, first published in 1925. The Daily News has been published as an edition of the Inquirer since 2009. Recent owners of the Inquirer and Daily News have included Knight Ridder, The McClatchy Company, and Philadelphia Media Holdings, with the latter organization declaring bankruptcy in 2010. After two years of financial struggle, the newspapers were sold to Interstate General Media in 2012. The two newspapers had a combined daily circulation of 306,831 and a Sunday circulation of 477,313 in 2013, the 18th-largest circulation in the country, and their collective website, Philly.com, was ranked 13th in popularity among online U.S. newspapers by Alexa Internet the same year.
Smaller publications include the Philadelphia Tribune published five days each week for the African-American community; Philadelphia magazine, a monthly regional magazine; Philadelphia Weekly, a weekly alternative newspaper; Philadelphia Gay News, a weekly newspaper for the LGBT community; The Jewish Exponent, a weekly newspaper for the Jewish community; Al Día, a weekly newspaper for the Latino community; and Philadelphia Metro, a free daily newspaper.
Student-run newspapers include the University of Pennsylvania's The Daily Pennsylvanian, Temple University's The Temple News, and Drexel University's The Triangle.
Radio
The first experimental radio license was issued in Philadelphia in August 1912 to St. Joseph's College. The first commercial AM radio stations began broadcasting in 1922: first WIP, then owned by Gimbels department store, followed by WFIL, then owned by Strawbridge & Clothier department store, and WOO, a defunct station owned by Wanamaker's department store, as well as WCAU and WDAS.
As of 2018, the FCC lists 28 FM and 11 AM stations for Philadelphia. As of December 2017, the ten highest-rated stations in Philadelphia were adult contemporary WBEB-FM (101.1), sports talk WIP-FM (94.1), classic rock WMGK-FM (102.9), urban adult contemporary WDAS-FM (105.3), classic hits WOGL-FM (98.1), album-oriented rock WMMR-FM (93.3), country music WXTU-FM (92.5), all-news KYW-AM (1060), talk radio WHYY-FM (90.9), and urban adult contemporary WRNB-FM (100.3). Philadelphia is served by three non-commercial public radio stations: WHYY-FM (NPR), WRTI-FM (classical and jazz), and WXPN-FM (adult alternative music).
Television
In the 1930s, the experimental station W3XE, owned by Philco, became the first television station in Philadelphia. The station became NBC's first affiliate in 1939, and later became KYW-TV (currently a CBS affiliate). WCAU-TV, WFIL-TV, and WHYY-TV were all founded by the 1960s. In 1952, WFIL (renamed WPVI) premiered the television show Bandstand, which later became the nationally broadcast American Bandstand hosted by Dick Clark.
Each commercial network has an affiliate in Philadelphia: KYW-TV 3 (CBS), WPVI-TV 6 (ABC), WCAU 10 (NBC), WPHL-TV 17 (The CW with MyNetworkTV on DT2), WFPA-CD 28 (UniMás), WTXF-TV 29 (Fox), WPSG 57 (Independent), WWSI 62 (Telemundo), and WUVP-DT 65 (Univision). The region is served also by public broadcasting stations WPPT-TV (Philadelphia), WHYY-TV (Wilmington, Delaware and Philadelphia), WLVT-TV (Lehigh Valley), and NJTV (New Jersey).
Philadelphia has owned-and-operated stations for five major English-language broadcast networks: NBC – WCAU-TV, CBS – KYW-TV, ABC – WPVI-TV, Fox – WTXF-TV and The CW – WPHL-TV. Since September 2024, it is the largest television market where at least one of the six English networks are shown at a station not owned by a particular network's associated parent company. The major Spanish-language networks are Univision – WUVP-DT, UniMás – WFPA-CD, and Telemundo – WWSI-TV.
As of 2018, the city is the nation's fourth-largest media market, as ranked by the Nielsen Media Research firm, with nearly 2.9 million TV households.
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Infrastructure
Transportation
Main article: Transportation in Philadelphia See also: 30th Street Station, List of SEPTA Metro stations, and Philadelphia International AirportPhiladelphia is served by SEPTA, which operates buses, trains, rapid transit (as both subways and elevated trains), trolleys, and trackless trolleys (electric buses) throughout Philadelphia, the four Pennsylvania suburban counties of Bucks, Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery, in addition to service to Mercer County, New Jersey (Trenton) and New Castle County, Delaware (Wilmington and Newark, Delaware). The city's subway system consists of two routes: the subway section of the Market–Frankford Line running east–west under Market Street which opened in 1905 to the west and 1908 to the east of City Hall, and the Broad Street Line running north–south beneath Broad Street which opened in stages from 1928 to 1938.
Beginning in the 1980s, large sections of the SEPTA Regional Rail service to the far suburbs of Philadelphia were discontinued due to a lack of funding for equipment and infrastructure maintenance.
Philadelphia's 30th Street Station is a major railroad station on Amtrak's Northeast Corridor with 4.4 million passengers in 2017 making it the third-busiest station in the country after New York City's Pennsylvania Station and Washington's Union Station. 30th Street Station offers access to Amtrak, SEPTA, and NJ Transit lines. Over 12 million SEPTA and NJ Transit rail commuters use the station each year, and more than 100,000 people on an average weekday.
The PATCO Speedline provides rapid transit service to Camden, Collingswood, Westmont, Haddonfield, Woodcrest (Cherry Hill), Ashland (Voorhees), and Lindenwold, New Jersey, from stations on Locust Street between 16th and 15th, 13th and 12th, and 10th and 9th streets, and on Market Street at 8th Street.
Airports
See also: Philadelphia International AirportTwo airports serve Philadelphia: the Philadelphia International Airport (PHL) is 7 mi (11 km) south-southwest of Center City on the boundary with Delaware County, providing scheduled domestic and international air service, while Northeast Philadelphia Airport (PNE) is a general aviation relief airport in Northeast Philadelphia serving general and corporate aviation. Philadelphia International Airport is among the busiest airports in the world measured by traffic movements (i.e., takeoffs and landings). More than 30 million passengers pass through the airport annually on 25 airlines, including all major domestic carriers. The airport has nearly 500 daily departures to more than 120 destinations worldwide. SEPTA's Airport Regional Rail Line provides direct service between Center City railroad stations and Philadelphia International Airport.
Roads
William Penn planned Philadelphia with numbered streets traversing north and south, and streets named for trees, such as Chestnut, Walnut, and Mulberry (since renamed Arch Street), traversing east and west. The two main streets were named Broad Street (the north–south artery, since designated Pennsylvania Route 611) and High Street (the east–west artery, since renamed Market Street) converging at Centre Square which later became the site of City Hall.
Interstate 95 (the Delaware Expressway) traverses the southern and eastern edges of the city along the Delaware River as the main north–south controlled-access highway, connecting Philadelphia with Newark, New Jersey and New York City to the north and with Baltimore and Washington, D.C. southward. The city is also served by Interstate 76 (the Schuylkill Expressway), which runs along the Schuylkill River, intersecting the Pennsylvania Turnpike at King of Prussia and providing access to Harrisburg and points west. Interstate 676 (the Vine Street Expressway) links I-95 and I-76 through Center City by running below street level between the eastbound and westbound lanes of Vine Street. Entrance and exit ramps for the Benjamin Franklin Bridge are near the eastern end of the expressway, just west of the I-95 interchange.
The Roosevelt Boulevard and Expressway (U.S. 1) connect Northeast Philadelphia with Center City via I-76 through Fairmount Park. Woodhaven Road (Route 63) and Cottman Avenue (Route 73) serve the neighborhoods of Northeast Philadelphia, running between I-95 and the Roosevelt Boulevard. The Fort Washington Expressway (Route 309) extends north from the city's northern border, serving Montgomery County and Bucks County. U.S. Route 30 (Lancaster Avenue) extends westward from West Philadelphia to Lancaster.
Interstate 476 (locally referred to as the Blue Route) traverses Delaware County, bypassing the city to the west and serving the city's western suburbs, and provides a direct route to Allentown and points north, including the Poconos. Interstate 276, the Pennsylvania Turnpike's Delaware River extension, is a bypass and commuter route to the north of the city and a link to the New Jersey Turnpike and New York City.
The Delaware River Port Authority operates four bridges in the Philadelphia area across the Delaware River to New Jersey: the Walt Whitman Bridge (I-76), the Benjamin Franklin Bridge (I-676 and U.S. 30), the Betsy Ross Bridge (New Jersey Route 90), and the Commodore Barry Bridge (U.S. 322 in Delaware County, south of the city). The Burlington County Bridge Commission maintains two bridges across the Delaware River: the Tacony–Palmyra Bridge which connects PA Route 73 in the Tacony section of Northeast Philadelphia with New Jersey Route 73 in Palmyra, Burlington County, and the Burlington–Bristol Bridge which connects NJ Route 413/U.S. Route 130 in Burlington, New Jersey with PA Route 413/U.S. 13 in Bristol Township, north of Philadelphia.
Bus service
The Greyhound terminal is at 1001 Filbert Street (at 10th Street) in Center City, southeast of the Pennsylvania Convention Center and south of Chinatown. Several other bus operators provide service at the Greyhound terminal including Fullington Trailways, Martz Trailways, Peter Pan Bus Lines, and NJ Transit buses.
Other intercity bus services include Megabus with stops at 30th Street Station and the visitor center for Independence Hall, BoltBus (operated by Greyhound) at 30th Street Station, OurBus at various stops in the city.
Rail
Main article: History of rail transport in PhiladelphiaSince the early days of rail transportation in the United States, Philadelphia has served as a hub for several major rail companies, particularly the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Reading Railroad. The Pennsylvania Railroad first operated Broad Street Station, then 30th Street Station and Suburban Station, and the Reading Railroad operated Reading Terminal, now part of the Pennsylvania Convention Center. The two companies also operated competing commuter rail systems in the area. The two systems now operate as a single system under the control of SEPTA, the regional transit authority. Additionally, the PATCO Speedline subway system and NJ Transit's Atlantic City Line operate successor services to southern New Jersey.
In 1911, Philadelphia had nearly 4,000 electric trolleys running on 86 lines. In 2005, SEPTA reintroduced trolley service to the Girard Avenue Line, Route 15. SEPTA operates six subway-surface trolleys that run on street-level tracks in West Philadelphia and subway tunnels in Center City, along with two surface trolleys in adjacent suburbs.
Philadelphia is a regional hub of the federally-owned Amtrak system, with 30th Street Station being a primary stop on the Washington-Boston Northeast Corridor and the Keystone Corridor to Harrisburg and Pittsburgh. 30th Street also serves as a major station for services via the Pennsylvania Railroad's former Pennsylvania Main Line to Chicago. As of 2018, 30th Street is Amtrak's third-busiest station in the country, after New York City and Washington.
Utilities
Water purity and availability
In 1815, Philadelphia began sourcing its water via the Fairmount Water Works on the Schuylkill River, the nation's first major urban water supply system. In 1909, the Water Works was decommissioned as the city transitioned to modern sand filtration methods. Philadelphia Water Department (PWD) provides drinking water, wastewater collection, and stormwater services for Philadelphia, as well as surrounding counties. PWD draws about 57 percent of its drinking water from the Delaware River and the balance from the Schuylkill River. The city has two filtration plants on the Schuylkill River and one on the Delaware River. The three plants can treat up to 546 million gallons of water per day, while the total storage capacity of the combined plant and distribution system exceeds one billion gallons. The wastewater system consists of three water pollution control plants, 21 pumping stations, and about 3,657 miles (5,885 km) of sewers.
Electricity
Exelon subsidiary PECO Energy Company, founded as the Brush Electric Light Company of Philadelphia in 1881 and renamed Philadelphia Electric Company (PECO) in 1902, provides electricity to about 1.6 million customers and more than 500,000 natural gas customers in the southeastern Pennsylvania area including the city of Philadelphia and most of its suburbs. PECO is the largest electric and natural gas utility in the state with 472 power substations and nearly 23,000 miles (37,000 km) of electric transmission and distribution lines, along with 12,000 miles (19,000 km) of natural gas transmission, distribution & service lines.
Natural gas
Further information: Philadelphia Gas WorksPhiladelphia Gas Works (PGW), overseen by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, is the nation's largest municipally-owned natural gas utility. PGW serves over 500,000 homes and businesses in the Philadelphia area. Founded in 1836, the company came under city ownership in 1987 and has been providing the majority of gas distributed within city limits. In 2014, the City Council refused to conduct hearings on a $1.86 billion sale of PGW, part of a two-year effort that was proposed by the mayor. The refusal led to the prospective buyer terminating its offer.
Telecommunications
See also: Area codes 215, 267, and 445Southeastern Pennsylvania was assigned the 215 area code in 1947 when the North American Numbering Plan of the Bell System went into effect. The geographic area covered by the code was split nearly in half in 1994 when area code 610 was created, with the city and its northern suburbs retaining 215. Overlay area code 267 was added to the 215 service area in 1997, and 484 was added to the 610 area in 1999. A plan in 2001 to introduce a third overlay code to both service areas, area code 445 to 215 and area code 835 to 610, was delayed and later rescinded. Area code 445 was implemented as an overlay for area codes 215 and 267 starting on February 3, 2018.
Notable people
Main article: List of people from PhiladelphiaSister cities
City | Country | Date |
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Florence | Italy | 1964 |
Tel Aviv | Israel | 1966 |
Toruń | Poland | 1976 |
Tianjin | China | 1979 |
Incheon | South Korea | 1984 |
Douala | Cameroon | 1986 |
Nizhny Novgorod | Russia | 1992 |
Frankfurt | Germany | 2015 |
Philadelphia also has three partnership cities or regions:
City | Country | Date |
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Kobe | Japan | 1986 |
Abruzzo | Italy | 1997 |
Aix-en-Provence | France | 1999 |
Philadelphia has eight official sister cities as designated by the Citizen Diplomacy International (CDI) of Philadelphia: Philadelphia has dedicated landmarks to its sister cities. The Sister Cities Park, a site of 0.5 acres (2,400 sq yd) at 18th and Benjamin Franklin Parkway in Logan Square, was dedicated in June 1976. The park was built to commemorate Philadelphia's first two sister city relationships, with Tel Aviv and Florence. Toruń Triangle, honoring the sister city relationship with Toruń, Poland, was constructed in 1976, west of the United Way building at 18th Street and Benjamin Franklin Parkway. Sister Cities Park was redesigned and reopened in 2012, featuring an interactive fountain honoring Philadelphia's sister and partnership cities, a café and visitor center, children's play area, outdoor garden, boat pond, and a pavilion built to environmentally friendly standards.
The Chinatown Gate, erected in 1984 and crafted by artisans from Tianjin, stands astride 10th Street, on the north side of its intersection with Arch Street, as a symbol of the sister city relationship. The CDI of Philadelphia has participated in the U.S. Department of State's "Partners for Peace" project with Mosul, Iraq, and in accepting visiting delegations from dozens of other countries.
See also
- List of Pennsylvania state historical markers in Philadelphia County
- Metropolitan areas in the Americas
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Philadelphia
- USS Philadelphia
Notes
- Description of the Lenape peoples (Delaware nations) historic territories inside the divides of the frequently mountainous landforms flanking the Delaware River's drainage basin. These terrains encompass from South to North and then counter-clockwise:
- the shores from the east-shore mouth of the river and the sea coast to Western Long Island (all of both colonial New Amsterdam and New Sweden), and
- portions of Western Connecticut up to the latitude of the Massachusetts corner of today's boundaries—making the eastern bounds of their influence, thence their region extended:
- westerly past the region around Albany, New York to the Susquehanna River side of the Catskills, then
- southerly through the eastern Poconos outside the rival Susquehannock lands past Eastern Pennsylvania then southerly past the site of Colonial Philadelphia past the west bank mouth of the Delaware and extending south from that point along a stretch of sea coast in northern colonial Delaware.
The Susquehanna-Delaware River system's watershed divided the frequently contested hunting grounds between the rival Susquehannock peoples and the Lenape peoples, and the Catskills and Berkshires played a similar boundary role in the northern regions of their original colonial era range.
- See North American blizzard of 2009#Snowfall (December 19–20, 2009), February 5–6, 2010 North American blizzard#Snowfall (February 5–6, 2010), and February 9–10, 2010 North American blizzard#Impact (February 9–10, 2010). The February 2010 storms contributed to a single month record accumulation of 51.5 in (131 cm). If no snow fell outside of February that season, 2009–10 would still rank as 5th-snowiest. See the Franklin Institute for a visual representation of seasonal snowfall.
- Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
- Official temperature and precipitation measurements for Philadelphia were taken at the Weather Bureau Office in downtown from January 1872 to 19 June 1940, and at Philadelphia Int'l from 20 June 1940 to the present. Snowfall and snow depth records date to 1 January 1884 and 1 October 1948, respectively. In 2006, snowfall measurements were moved to National Park, New Jersey directly across the Delaware River from the airport.
- ^ From 15% sample
- E.g., in the opening chapter of The Handbook of Language Variation and Change (ed. Chambers et al., Blackwell 2002), J.K. Chambers writes that "variationist sociolinguistics had its effective beginnings only in 1963, the year in which William Labov presented the first sociolinguistic research report"; the dedication page of the Handbook says that Labov's "ideas imbue every page".
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Further reading
Main article: Bibliography of Philadelphia- Holli, Melvin G., and Jones, Peter d'A., eds. Biographical Dictionary of American Mayors, 1820-1980 (Greenwood Press, 1981) short scholarly biographies each of the city's mayors 1820 to 1980. online; see index at p. 410 for list.
External links
- Official website of the City of Philadelphia government
- Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia – historical encyclopedia
- Historic Philadelphia, over 2 million photographs dating back to the late 1800s
- Greater Philadelphia GeoHistory Network, historical maps and atlases
- Daly, John; Weinberg, Allen (October 1966). Genealogy of Philadelphia County Subdivisions, 1687–1960 (Second ed.). Philadelphia Dept. of Records.
- philly.com, The Philadelphia Inquirer and Daily News
- Official website of Discover Philadelphia
- Official website of Pennsylvania Convention Center
- "10 Towns that Changed America", a WTTW segment on Philadelphia (at 7:23–12:00 in 56-minute video)
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