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#REDIRECT ] |
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The term '''Palestine''' and the related term '''Palestinian''' have several overlapping (and occasionally contradictory) definitions. |
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See also: ] and ]. |
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==Palestine== |
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}} |
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===Palestine Defined=== |
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The term '']'' is derived from the name of the ], a people of uncertain origins, possibly ], who, in the ], settled along the southern Mediterranean coastal plain of what is now ] and the ] and disappeared several centuries later. After crushing ] (]-]), the ] ]ized the hitherto seldom-used ] name Παλαιστίνη ('']'') and applied it to the entire region that had formerly included ] (which combined ], ], and ]). The ] ] ''Filastin'' (فلسطين) is derived from this name. |
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===Ancient Palestine=== |
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In historical contexts, especially predating the establishment of the ], ''Palestine'' was mostly a ]al term, particularly used in Greek, ], ], and other languages taking their geographical vocabulary from them; it comprised the ] sub-province of ], roughly equivalent to ancient ] (including the ] kingdoms of ], ], ], ], and ]) and thus included much of the land on either side of the ] although with further political sub-divisions along the River Jordan valley . |
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See also: ]. |
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===Is Jordan Part of Historical Palestine?=== |
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Before the establishment of the British mandate (see below), most of the area that is today Jordan was part of the ] ] of ] (previously called the Vilayet of Damascus), the southern part of Jordan was part of the Vilayet of ]. Palestine was divided between the Vilayet of ] and the ] of Jerusalem. Throughout most of history the rift valley comprising ], the ] and ] has formed a political and administrative frontier, even within ]s which controlled both territories. The exception was during the period of the ] when what is today southern ]/] and southern Jordan were termed Al Jund al Filasteen and the northern parts of these land as Al Jund al Urdun. In 1920, most of modern Jordan was incorporated into the planned ] ] termed Palestine. As Trans-Jordan became a seperate political unit on ] ] and the Mandate came into force in ] ], it is the case that Trans-Jordan and Palestine were the same political unit during the Mandate period. Thus, it is clearly the case that Jordan can be considered part of Palestine. |
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===British Mandate of Palestine=== |
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Between July 1922 and 1948, the term ''Palestine'' referred to the ]. The term referred to all of what is now ], the ], and ], and ] was used by both Arabs and Jews without any ethnic connotations. For example, the ], an Israeli newspaper, was known as the ''Palestine Post'' from its founding in 1932 until 1950. The Mandate included what is now modern ] (apart from the ] and ] districts) Some months after the Mandate's establishment by the ], Britain withdrew the Trans-jordan section from the requirements of the rest of the Mandate in regards to Jewish settlement, in that Jews were not allowed to live there. ] remained under British control until 1946. A map of the ''1920 Mandate Border'' may be found |
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===Palestinian Authority=== |
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Sometimes people use the term ''Palestine'' to refer to lands currently under the administrative control of the ], a quasi-governmental entity which governs but lacks full sovereignty. Since the late 1990s, this has included most of the ] and large sections of the ]. |
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===Palestine as a state=== |
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Modern usage of the term '''Palestine''' usually refers to a prospective ], incorporating both the ] and the ]. Some nationalists regard all the land west of the ], including territory of modern ], as the territory of a Palestinian state "from the river to the sea". |
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The term is also used to convey the sense that Palestine is ''already'' a state, either (a) consisting only of Gaza & West Bank or (b) including as well all land held by Israel (see ]). |
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==Palestinian== |
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This section describes several viewpoints of what makes a person a "Palestinian". |
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===By place of birth=== |
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A "Palestinian" can mean a person who is born in the geographical area known prior to 1918 as "Palestine", or a former citizen of the British Mandate territory called Palestine, or an institution related to either of these. |
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===Mandate definition=== |
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] used the term "Palestinian" to refer to all persons legally residing in or born in the boundaries of the ] without regard to their ethnicity, religion, or place of origin. This also included British nationals, service personel, British ex-patriot residents that were informally refered to as 'palestinians'. |
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===By place of origin=== |
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In its common usage, "Palestinian" refers to a person whose ancestors had lived in the territory corresponding to British Mandate Palestine for some length of time prior to 1948. This definition includes the inhabitants of the ] and ] (including Dom and ]s, but excluding ] and most ]), the ]s (including ] and ]), the minority of Israeli ]s whose families moved there prior to ], and the Arab refugees and emigrés from ] and their descendants (though not the pre-] (]) non-] population of ].) This usage excludes people who immigrated into the area during the twentieth century. |
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JSource, the Jewish Virtual Library, uses a similar but slightly narrower definition: "Although anyone with roots in the land that is now Israel, the West Bank and Gaza is technically a Palestinian, the term is now more commonly used to refer to Arabs with such roots...Most of the world's Palestinian population is concentrated in Israel, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and Jordan, although many Palestinians live in Lebanon, Syria and other Arab countries." |
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===By citizenship=== |
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A more specific widespread usage of "Palestinian" sometimes heard is to refer to native residents of British Mandate Palestine who do not have Israeli or Jordanian citizenship, and to institutions outside the Israeli state and territories not incorporated into it. |
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===By ethnic origin=== |
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Ethnically there is no such thing as 'Palestinian ethnicity' as the other definitions clearly indicate being a Palestinian was a designation based upon geographical location and not race or relgion. |
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====Referring to the Arab subculture of the southern ]==== |
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The word "Palestinian" is occasionally used by ethnographers and linguists to denote the specific Arab subculture of the southern ]; in that sense, it includes not only the Arabs of British Mandate Palestine, but also the inhabitants of ] who arrived as refugees from Palestine and the ], while excluding both ] (who culturally and linguistically group with ]) and ethnic minorities such as the ] and ]s. However, some of this definition is not accepted. The Samaritans define themselves as Palestinian. |
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====Referring to Jews in a national rather than religious sense==== |
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] ] newspaper of the ] was called '']''. Founded in ], in ] it was renamed into '']''.]] |
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Some, particularly certain Palestinians and Arabs, still refer to Jews whose ancestors had lived in Palestine before Zionism as "Palestinians". Jews who lived in Palestine during the Middle Ages are also referred to as "Palestinian Jews" in a scholarly sense, eg. the authors of the "Palestinian Talmud". Most early literature when referring to "Palestinians" meant to designate Jews, but after the modern State of Israel was born, Jews identified themselves as Israelis. It was after the 1967 War that the word "Palestinian" began to be used to differentiate the Arab of the Palestinian region from the other Arabs of the region, eg the Egyptians, the Syrians, etc. |
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==See also== |
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* ] |
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] |
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] |
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] |
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] |
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Jupiter (unnecessary parenthetical qualifier)