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{{Short description|Orthodox Christian cathedral in Kyiv, Ukraine}} |
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{{Infobox religious building |
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|building_name= St Volodymyr's Cathedral |
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|image= Володимирський собор, вид зі сторони входу.jpg |
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|caption= Front view of St Volodymyr's Cathedral |
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|location= ], ] |
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|geo={{Coord|50|26|41|N|30|30|32|E|display=inline,title|type:landmark_region:UA}} |
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| religious_affiliation = ] |
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| rite = ] |
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| state = |
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| territory = |
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| district = |
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| cercle = |
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| municipality = |
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|functional_status=Active |
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|leadership= |
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|website= |
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|architecture_type= ] |
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|architecture_style= ] |
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|facade_direction= |
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|year_completed= 1862–1882 |
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|construction_cost= |
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|specifications=yes |
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|architect= Alexander Vikentievich Beretti |
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|capacity= |
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|width_nave= |
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|dome_quantity= seven |
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|dome_height_outer= {{convert|49|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} |
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|dome_height_inner= |
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|dome_dia_outer= |
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|dome_dia_inner= |
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|materials= Brick |
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}} |
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'''St Volodymyr's Cathedral''' ({{lang-uk|Патріарший кафедральний собор св. Володимира}}; also known as '''St Vladimir's Cathedral''' ), is one of ]'s major landmarks and the ] of the ]. It is one of three greatest ] churches built in the ], on the par with ] in ] and ] in ]. |
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'''St Volodymyr's Cathedral''' ({{langx|uk|Володимирський собор}}) is a ] in the centre of ], and one of the city's major landmarks. Since the ] in December 2018, it has been under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the ]. Before that, it was the ] of the ]. |
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==History and description== |
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In ], ] ] suggested a large cathedral should be built in ] to commemorate the 900th anniversary of the ] by prince ]. People from all over the ] started donating to this cause, so that by ] the cathedral fund had amassed a huge sum of 100,000 ]s. The ] (Monastery of the Caves) produced one million bricks and presented them to the cathedral as well. The design was executed in delightful ] by the architects Ivan Schtrom and Alexander Beretti. Much stymied by technical problems, the construction works were dragging on for three decades. On ], ], the cathedral was finally consecrated to ] ({{lang-ua|St. Volodymyr}}) in the presence of ] and ]. |
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In 1852, ] ] suggested a large cathedral should be built in ] to commemorate the 900th anniversary of the ] by prince ]. People from all over the ] started donating to this cause, so that by 1859 the cathedral fund had amassed a huge sum of 100,000 ]. The ] (Monastery of the Caves) produced one million bricks and presented them to the cathedral as well. The design was executed in ] initially by the architects I. Schtrom, P. Sparro, R. Bemhardt, K. Mayevsky, V. Nikolayev. The final version of the design belongs to ]. It is a traditional six-]ed, three-]d temple crowned by seven ]s. The height to the cross of the main dome is {{convert|49|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. |
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It is the cathedral's colourful interior that particularly strikes the eye. ]s were executed by masters from ]. ]es were the work of three outstanding Russian painters of the day: ], ], and ]. Other masters that took part i decoration included V. Zamyraylo, S. Kostenko, M. Pymonenko, V. Kotarbinsky, P. Swedomsky, and others. The ] is carved from the white ] brought from ]. |
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The colourful interior of the cathedral is particularly striking. Its ]s were executed by masters from ]. The ]es were created under the guidance of Professor ] by a group of famous painters: ], ], ], ], ], ], Viktor Zamyraylo (1868–1939), and others. The painting of the Holy Mother of God by Vasnetsov in the altar apse of the cathedral impresses by its austere beauty.{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}} |
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During the ] times, the cathedral barely escaped demolition, but not closure. Until the ] a museum of religion and atheism existed there. After the war the cathedral was opened and was not closed since. During that time it was the main church of the Kiev ] of the Ukranian Exarchate. Unlike other churches which saw restrictions on entry for tourists, the cathedral was one of the few places in the USSR where tourists could openely visit a working Orthodox Church. It seen the revival of Orthodox religion in ] when the millennium celebration of the ] marked a turn in the Soviet policy of religion. |
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The entrance door is adorned with relief bronze sculptures of ] by sculptor ] and St. Volodymyr (sculptor H. Zaieman) against a blue background. The ] is carved from the white ] brought from ]. The cathedral was completed in 1882, however, the paintings were fully completed only in 1896.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukraine-gateway.org.ua/GATEWAY/gateway.nsf/basicv/0103020603?OpenDocument&Click= |title=Ukraine Gateway |accessdate=2007-09-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203936/http://www.ukraine-gateway.org.ua/GATEWAY/gateway.nsf/basicv/0103020603?OpenDocument&Click= |archivedate=2007-09-27 }}</ref> |
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After the ], St Volodymyr's Cathedral ownership became an issue of ] between two ]s that both claim to represent the Ukrainian ] - the ] ] under the ], and the ] which, eventually, retained the control over the building. |
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Spiritual leaders of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Kiev Patriarchy have been conducting religious services and prayers in St. Volodymyr's Cathedral to this day. All the ceremonies are conducted in ], accompanied during religious holidays by the magnificent singing of one of the best church chorals. The choral is often joined by Ukrainian opera singers, providing an unforgettable listening and spiritual experience to St Volodymyr's visitors. |
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The cathedral risked damage during the ] in 1920.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1920-mil/ch38.htm |title=Postal Telegram No. 2886-a - the War on Poland: The Military Writings and Speeches of Leon Trotsky: Volume 3 |access-date=2006-03-04 |archive-date=2007-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311075647/http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1920-mil/ch38.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> During the ] period, the cathedral narrowly escaped demolition, but not closure. Until the ], it served as a museum of religion and atheism. The relics of ], a martyr of the 3rd century AD, were transferred to St Volodymyr's from the ] before it was destroyed by the ],<ref></ref> and have remained there since. |
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==See also== |
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==External links== |
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After the war, the cathedral was reopened and has since remained continually open. It was then the main church of the Kyiv ] of the Ukrainian Exarchate. The cathedral was one of the few places in the USSR where tourists could openly visit a working Orthodox Church. It saw the revival of Orthodox religion in 1988 when the millennium celebration of the ] marked a late change in Soviet policy on religion.{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}} |
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After the ], St Volodymyr's Cathedral ownership became an issue of ] between two ] that both claim to represent Ukrainian ] – the ], a church with an ] status that was, at the time, under the ], and the newly established ], which, ultimately, won the control over the cathedral. |
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== Works by Viktor Vasnetsov in the Cathedral== |
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<gallery> |
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File:Vasnetsov Russian Bishops.jpg|Russian Bishops |
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File:Vasnetsov Temptation.jpg|The Temptation |
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File:Kiev vasnetcov.jpg|The ]ans. |
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File:Vasnetsov Bapt Vladimir.jpg|] of Saint ] |
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File:Saint Olga (Vasnetsov) in St Volodymyr's Cathedral, Kyiv.jpg|Icon of ], later destroyed by the Bolsheviks |
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</gallery> |
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{{Commons category|St. Volodymyr's Cathedral}} |
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== See also == |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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== External links == |
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* {{in lang|en}} |
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*{{in lang|uk}} |
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*{{in lang|ru}} — information about the cathedral |
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* — St. Volodymyr's (Volodymyrsky) Cathedral |
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*{{in lang|uk}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102072708/http://wek.kiev.ua/index.php/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80 |date=2007-11-02 }} in |
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* — St Volodymyr's Cathedral in Kyiv |
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* Encyclopedia of Ukraine, St Volodymyr's Cathedral, Kyiv |
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{{Kyiv churches}} |
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{{Major Cathedrals of Ukraine}} |
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{{Seven Wonders of Ukraine}} |
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{{Portal bar|Ukraine|Christianity}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Volodymyr's Cathedral}} |
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After the war, the cathedral was reopened and has since remained continually open. It was then the main church of the Kyiv Metropolitan See of the Ukrainian Exarchate. The cathedral was one of the few places in the USSR where tourists could openly visit a working Orthodox Church. It saw the revival of Orthodox religion in 1988 when the millennium celebration of the Baptism of Rus' marked a late change in Soviet policy on religion.
Front view of St Volodymyr's Cathedral.jpg)
_as_antireligious_museum_(late_1920).jpg)
_%D1%84.1896%D0%B3_PZ-8977_52700-52756u-e1.jpg)
Russian Bishops
The Temptation
The Baptism of Kyivans.
Baptism of Saint Volodymyr
Icon of Saint Olga, later destroyed by the Bolsheviks
_in_St_Volodymyr%27s_Cathedral,_Kyiv.jpg){kind=small}
