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{{Short description|Talks and activities of a possible impeachment of George W. Bush}}
{{NPOV}}
]
{{current}}
] calling for impeachment in March 2006]]
] in support of impeaching both Bush and Vice President ] in July 2008]]


During the presidency of ], several American politicians sought to either investigate Bush for possible impeachable offenses, or to bring actual ] charges on the floor of the ] ]. The most significant of these efforts occurred on June 10, 2008, when Congressman ], along with co-sponsor ], introduced 35 ]<ref name="articles">{{Cite web|title=Impeaching George W. Bush, President of the United States, of high crimes and misdemeanors. (2008 - H.Res. 1258)|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/110/hres1258|access-date=2023-01-05|website=GovTrack.us|language=en}}</ref> against Bush to the U.S. House of Representatives.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://weblogs.sun-sentinel.com/news/politics/broward/blog/2008/06/impeach_bush_wexler_says.html|title=Impeach Bush, Wexler says|access-date=2008-06-10|publisher=South Florida Sun-Sentinel.com|date=June 10, 2008|first=Anthony |last=Man}}</ref> The House voted 251 to 166 to refer the impeachment resolution to the Judiciary Committee on June 11, where no further action was taken on it.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:HE01258:@@@X |title=Bill Summary & Status - 110th Congress (2007 - 2008) - H.RES.1258 - All Congressional Actions - THOMAS (Library of Congress) |access-date=2009-01-26 |archive-date=2016-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704221033/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:HE01258:@@@X |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bush's presidency ended on January 20, 2009, with the completion of his second term in office, rendering impeachment efforts ].
]


==Kucinich–Wexler impeachment articles==
The phrase '''"Movement to impeach George W. Bush"''' is used in a number of ways. It can describe actions or events by individuals and groups within the public and private spheres intended to support or bring about the ] of ] ]. Or the phrase can be used in a more broad sense to imply the existence of a ], related to wishes of some members of the general public as a whole (for example two ]s, including both ] and ], indicate there is some public support for the impeachment of the president).
The Kucinich–Wexler impeachment resolution contained 35 ] covering the Iraq War, the ] affair, creating a case for war with Iran, capture and treatment of prisoners of war, spying and or wiretapping inside the United States, use of signing statements, failing to comply with Congressional subpoenas, the 2004 elections, Medicare, Hurricane Katrina, global warming, and 9/11.<ref name="articles" />


The 2003 invasion of Iraq was the most substantial portion of the articles of impeachment introduced by Kucinich and Wexler. Fifteen of the 35 articles directly relate to alleged misconduct by Bush in seeking authority for the war, and in the conduct of military action itself. Five other articles address allegations partially or tertiarily relating to the war, including the "outing" of Valerie Plame, treatment of prisoners (both in Iraq and from operations in Afghanistan and other countries), and building a case for Iran being a threat based in part on alleging Iranian actions in Iraq.
Reasons given for impeachment by various public and private individuals and groups include: the ], the ], the ], the ], the ], the 2001 ] incidents known as "]" for September 11, 2001 and the mishandling of the ] disaster. Although these reasons have predominantly been championed by activists on the political left and groups affiliated or supportive of ] causes, some conservatives have called for Bush's ouster on many of the same grounds.


===Justification for invasion===
There is no offical governmental investigation into George Bush personally at this time, however, after a rare closed session, the Senate has established a timeline to complete "Phase II" of an investigation into the handling of intelligence into Iraq, and bi-partisan commission to oversee this investigation. This is phase of the investigation is to look into the actions of the administration generally, including the President, but it is not targetted at George Bush personally.
{{further|Iraq and weapons of mass destruction|Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda|Downing Street memo|Bush-Blair memo|Legitimacy of the 2003 invasion of Iraq|Bush-Aznar memo}}


The first four impeachment articles charge the president with illegally creating a case for war with Iraq, including charges of a propaganda campaign, falsely representing Iraq as responsible for 9/11, and falsely representing Iraq as an imminent danger to the United States.<ref name="articles" />
== Background ==


===Legitimacy of invasion===
There have been nine formal attempts to impeach a sitting President. Four of these resulted in articles being referred to the floor: ], ], ] and ]. In addition there have been numerous impeachment movements of various sizes directed at visible members of the government, most notably the movement to Impeach ].
{{further|UN Charter|War of aggression|Jus ad bellum|Legitimacy of the 2003 invasion of Iraq}}


Articles 5–8 and 12 deal with the invasion of Iraq and include charges that funds were misspent before the war, that the war was in violation of HJRes114, that Iraq was invaded without a war declaration, that the war is a violation of the UN Charter, and that the purpose of the war was to control the country's oil supplies.<ref name="articles" />
In the case of George Bush, recent events have indicated that there is a body of public opinion which is considering or supporting impeachment beyond the usual political opposition, and that there are elected members of Congress who are at least willing to take symbolic actions to further this body of opinion. These include support in public opinion polls, resolutions introduced in the House of Representatives, and the investigation into ] by a federal prosecutor that has already led to the indictment of one top member of the Bush Administration.


===Conduct of the Iraq War===
Supporters of Bush generally dispute the allegations made in their entirety, or they deny that the actions of the Bush administration officials currently under investigation constitute anything more than normal handling of politics and national security matters, or are, at worst, "legal technicalities." (See ])
{{further|2003 invasion of Iraq}}


Articles 9, 10, 11 and 13 deal with conduct of the war, including failing to provide troops with body armor, falsifying US troop deaths and injuries, establishing a permanent military base in Iraq, and creating a secret task force to develop energy and military policies with respect to Iraq and other countries. Articles 15 and 16 cover contractors in Iraq and charges that the president misspent money on contractors and provided them with immunity.
==Congressional Activities==


===Valerie Plame===
Rep. ] has introduced a Resolution of Inquiry, H.Res 375, that demands records related to the decision to go to war and to the Downing Street Memo. It has 84 sponsors/cosponsors including one Republican and one independent. This resolution is considered to be a first step in opening an impeachment investigation. The International Relations committee voted 22-21 on ], ] to report the resolution adversely to the full house.
{{further|Plame affair}}


Article 14 is about the revelation of the identity of CIA agent ].
Rep. ], the ranking Democratic member of the ], convened a Democratic hearing on ], ] to hear evidence related to the Downing Street Memo and to consider grounds for impeachment. Dozens of Members of Congress attended. Witnesses included ], constitutional attorney ], and CIA analyst ].


===Treatment of detainees===
Two Congressmen, Conyers and ] have floated trial balloons on the possible impeachment of ], and the opening of an independent investigation of the handling of the ] affair which in their own words, could lead to impeachment.
{{further|Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse|Bagram torture and prisoner abuse|United Nations Convention Against Torture|Geneva Conventions|Command responsibility|Hamdan v. Rumsfeld}}


Articles 17–20 concern the treatment of detainees, the "kidnapping" and detention of foreign nationals, and the use of torture.
Rep. ] founded the Out of Iraq Caucus in the House of Representatives. It has 66 members (as of ], ]). An Out of Iraq event hosted by Rep. Waters in ] attracted 1200 supporters who loudly chanted "Im-peach Bush" in response to a speaker explaining ].


===Attempt to overthrow the government of Iran===
==Public Opinion==
Article 21 claims that the president misled Congress and the American people about threats from Iran, and supported terrorist organizations within Iran, with the goal of overthrowing the Iranian government.


===NSA warrantless surveillance controversy===
In ], ] comissioned a poll by the independent ] that found that by a margin of 50% to 44% Americans say that President Bush should be impeached if he lied about the war in Iraq. Sentiment was strong. 39% strongly agreed and 30% strongly disagreed with the statement, "If President Bush did not tell the truth about his reasons for going to war with Iraq, Congress should consider holding him accountable by impeaching him." 72% of Democrats favored impeachment, compared to 56% of Independents and 20% of Republicans.
{{further|NSA warrantless surveillance controversy|Separation of powers}}


Articles 24 and 25 charge the president with illegally spying on American citizens, directing US telecom companies to create databases of citizens, and violating the Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution.
This suggests a general increase in pro-impeachment sentiment from the last such poll, a ] ] poll which showed that 42% of all Americans, and even 25% of ], would agree that ] should "hold him accountable through impeachment" if it were found that Bush "did not tell the truth about his reasons for going to war with ]". This is a greater level of support than had ever been seen in the case of ].


===Signing statements===
A ] in ] on ] ] attracted over 100,000 people. The march included calls for impeachment and for investigations leading to impeachment.
{{further|Signing statement#Controversy over George W. Bush's use of signing statements}}
Article 26 concerns the presidential use of signing statements.


===Congressional subpoenas===
On ] ], ] mobilized marches across the country that called for the ouster of Bush. News reports cited thousands of protesters in each of ], ], and ] and 500 in each of ], ] , ] and ].


Article 27 is about failing to comply with congressional subpoenas.
The VoteToImpeach.org website claims to have collected half a million signatures on a petition to impeach Bush.


===2004 elections===
The rally held in ] by ] featured frequent calls for impeachment.
{{further|2004 United States election voting controversies}}


Articles 28 and 29 charge the president with tampering with the 2004 elections and violating the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Numerous groups have been created to support impeachment. None are known to have been created to oppose it (as ] had been created to oppose the impeachment of Clinton).


===Medicare===
See also http://www.pledgebank.com/ImpeachPresBush


Article 30 states "Misleading Congress and the American People in an Attempt to Destroy Medicare."
==Notable Figures and Organizations==


===Katrina===
] of ] and has been contacted by Americans desiring an impeachment of ].]]
{{further|Criticism of the government response to Hurricane Katrina}}
*] of ] has authored the introduction to John Bonifaz's book outlining a case for impeaching Bush.


Article 31 concerns the supposed failure to plan and respond to Hurricane Katrina.
*Congressman Frank advocates investigation, but feels that calls for impeachment are premature.


===Global warming===
*], former White House Counsel to President ] and an early advocate of a Bush impeachment, believes that President Bush lied about weapons of mass destruction in order to get the United States into a war with Iraq. Dean believes this is an impeachable crime.


Article 32 charges the president with "Systematically Undermining Efforts to Address Global Climate Change."
*], United States ] under ], has set up a website, , in which he lists some of the reasons he believes Bush, as well as ] ] and ] ], should be impeached.


===9/11===
*]'s 2004 presidential campaign also promoted the cause of a Bush impeachment by raising public awareness of the numerous alleged crimes of the Bush Administration.


Articles 33, 34 and 35 concern 9/11, alleging that the president failed to respond to prior intelligence, obstructed post-9/11 investigations and endangered the health of 9/11 first responders.
*], columnist and contributing editor at the Los Angeles Times and The Nation, has repeatedly called for impeachment.


==Political views and actions==
*] has called for Bush's impeachment.
An early effort to impeach Bush was begun by ] administration Attorney General ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://independent.gmnews.com/News/2003/0319/Front_Page/013.html |title=Ramsey Clark speaks out against war at college by josh davidson Staff Writer |website=independent.gmnews.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051217033130/http://independent.gmnews.com/News/2003/0319/Front_Page/013.html |archive-date=17 December 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.democracynow.org/2005/1/21/former_u_s_attorney_general_ramsey|title=Former U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark Calls for Bush Impeachment|website=]}}</ref>


===Democrats in Congress===
*] ] and ] ] has been an outspoken proponent of impeachment against President Bush.
<!-- Please keep these new additions to these sections in chronological order! -->
On June 16, 2005, Rep. ] (D-]) assembled an unofficial meeting to discuss the ] and to consider grounds for impeachment.
Conyers filed a resolution on December 18, 2005, to create an investigative committee to consider impeachment. His resolution gained 38 co-sponsors before it expired at the end of the ]. He did not reintroduce a similar resolution for the ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318011840/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:h.res.635: |date=2015-03-18 }} ], retaliating against critics, and to make recommendations regarding grounds for possible impeachment Sponsor: Rep Conyers, John, Jr. (introduced December 18, 2005)</ref>


] (D-MN) was the leading figure behind the resolution to impeach Bush brought to the ] in May 2006.<ref>{{cite news| title=The Insurgent|first=Conrad |last=Wilson|date=2006-12-08|url=http://www.prospect.org/web/page.ww?section=root&name=ViewWeb&articleId=12284 |access-date=January 27, 2007 }}</ref> Ellison was elected to the ] in November 2006. During the campaign and when he was named to the ], Ellison repeatedly called for an investigation into a possible impeachment.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ellison compares Bush to Nixon|url=http://minnesota.publicradio.org/collections/special/columns/polinaut/archive/2006/08/mprs_tim_pugmir.shtml|publisher=Minnesota Public Radio|first=Tim |last=Pugmire |date=2006-08-09 |access-date=January 27, 2007 }}</ref> In support of his candidacy, he "received a $1,000 contribution from ImpeachPAC".<ref name="Trib 1-27">{{cite news|url=http://www.startribune.com/587/story/960880.html |title=Will Ellison pursue impeachment? Not for now, he says |date=2007-01-25 |first=Rob |last=Hotakainen |publisher=Star Tribune |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070214092150/http://www.startribune.com/587/story/960880.html |archive-date=February 14, 2007 }} Retrieved January 27, 2007.</ref> Ellison would later note that his "opinions really have not changed over time, but the circumstances" regarding his position in Congress had, and he was a "step before impeachment".<ref>{{cite web|date=January 27, 2007|title=Impeach Bush? Not yet, says Dem|first=Rob|last=Hotakainen|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2007/01/27/impeach-bush-not-yet-says-dem/}}</ref>
*], a Washington Post columnist, has and called on the American electorate to figuratively "impeach" Bush by voting against him.


At another ] convened by Conyers on January 20, 2006, Rep. ] (D-]) called for the committee to explore whether Bush should face impeachment, stemming from his decision to authorize domestic surveillance without court review.
*At the most recent state convention, the Democratic Party of Wisconsin cited the Downing Street Memo in calling for the Impeachment of both George Bush and ].


On May 10, 2006, House Minority Leader ] (D-]) indicated she was not interested in pursuing impeachment and had taken it "off the table", reiterating this phrase on November 8, 2006, after the election.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Babington|first=Charles|date=2006-05-12|title=Democrats Won't Try To Impeach President|newspaper=] |language=en-US|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/11/AR2006051101950.html|access-date=2023-01-05|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Pelosi Says Democrats Are Ready to Lead|author=NANCY ZUCKERBROD|newspaper=] |agency=Associated Press|language=en-US|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/08/AR2006110801789_pf.html|date=8 November 2006|access-date=2023-01-05|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> In July 2007, Pelosi stated that she "would probably advocate" impeaching Bush if she were not in the House nor Speaker of the House.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Berman|first=Ari|date=2007-07-31|title=Why Pelosi Opposes Impeachment|language=en-US|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/why-pelosi-opposes-impeachment/|access-date=2023-01-05|issn=0027-8378}}</ref>
*], a Republican candidate for the ] House of Representatives seat has said he will campaign for impeachment against George W. Bush.


On December 8, 2006 (the last day of the 109th Congress), then-Representative ] (D-GA) submitted a resolution, H. Res. 1106. The bill expired along with the 109th Congress.<ref name="impeachment_bill">{{cite news
*Numerous partisan left groups and writers for their websites, such as ], ] and , have called on Congress to impeach Bush.
| first = Ben
| last = Evans
| title = McKinney Introduces Bill to Impeach Bush
| url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2006/12/08/national/w152917S79.DTL
| agency = Associated Press
| date = 2006-12-08
}}</ref>


John Conyers brought up the subject of impeachment on the July 8, 2007, broadcast of ''],''<ref>{{Citation|title=Rep. Conyers on Impeachment|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xT9266Xx5iM|language=en|access-date=2023-01-05}}</ref> stating:
*''AfterDowningStreet'', an organization begun by liberal activists ] and ] and constitutional attorney John Bonifaz, advocates a congressional Resolution of Inquiry into evidence related to what has become known as the ], involving the Bush administration's military operations in ]. Such a resolution would be the first step toward a possible impeachment.
<blockquote>We're hoping that as the cries for the removal of both Cheney and Bush now reach 46 percent and 58 percent, respectively, for impeachment, that we could begin to become a little bit more cooperative, if not even amicable, in trying to get to the truth of these matters.</blockquote>


Presidential candidate ]'s major point in the ] on October 30, 2007, was that Bush and Cheney should be impeached for the ].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/11/01/wufo101.xml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103065017/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F11%2F01%2Fwufo101.xml |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 November 2007 |title=US presidential candidate insists he saw UFO |work=Telegraph |first=Alex |last=Spillius |location=Philadelphia |date=2 November 2007 |access-date=2008-10-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/11/01/politics/main3440466.shtml |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120721170952/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/11/01/politics/main3440466.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 21, 2012 |title=Poll: Vermont Wants Bush, Cheney Impeached, Nearly Two-Thirds Of State's Likely Voters Want President, VP Removed Before Term Ends |work=CBS News |date=November 1, 2007|access-date=2008-10-27}}</ref> On November 6, 2007, Kucinich introduced a ] in the House of Representatives.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fosters.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071122/GJNEWS_01/711220060 |title=Dover NH, Rochester NH, Portsmouth NH, Laconia NH, Sanford ME |publisher=Fosters.com |first=Jason |last=Claffey |location=Durham |access-date=2008-10-27}}</ref>
*''Impeach Central'' is dedicated to the impeachment of ] and ] for violating the laws of the United States. While the group says the Bush administration has violated the Constitution on numerous occasions, the group is focusing on what it sees as the lies they told the American people and Congress which led the country into the Iraq War.


In November 2007, ], then a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2008, stated that he would move to impeach if President Bush were to bomb Iran without first gaining congressional approval.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seacoastonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071129/NEWS/71129018 |title=Biden: Impeachment if Bush bombs Iran |publisher=Seacoastonline.com |first=Adam |last=Leech |access-date=2008-10-27}}</ref> However, no such bombing occurred during the rest of Bush's term.
*] has .


On June 9, 2008, Representative ] (D-Ohio), introduced a resolution, {{USBill|110|HRes|1258}}, to impeach president George W. Bush, which included 35 counts in the articles of impeachment. At the end of the evening on June 10, Kucinich offered a motion to refer HRes 1258 to the House Judiciary Committee. On June 11, the House voted 251-166 to send the resolution to the Committee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:HE01258:@@@L&summ2=m& |title=Impeaching George W. Bush, President of the United States, of high crimes and misdemeanors |publisher=Thomas.loc.gov |access-date=2008-10-27 |archive-date=2015-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150718210105/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:HE01258:@@@L&summ2=m& |url-status=dead }}</ref> The effort to impeach President Bush was not supported by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, who believed the move would be "divisive and unlikely to succeed."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kucinich effort to impeach Bush kicked into limbo - CNN.com|url=https://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/06/11/kucinich.impeach.vote/|access-date=2021-02-11|website=www.cnn.com}}</ref>
*] blog founded a grass roots united coalition of bloggers for the impeachment of ] with fellow blogger ]. The coalition is now known as the ].


On July 14, 2008, Kucinich introduced a new impeachment resolution ({{USBill|110|HRes|1345}}) limited to a single count.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rollcall.com/news/-26571-1.html|title=Kucinich to Introduce Sole Impeachment Resolution|publisher=Roll Call|date=July 10, 2008|access-date=August 27, 2013}}</ref><ref>rtsp://video1.c-span.org/15days/e071008_kucinich.rm {{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
*] sent a bus to ], TX emblazoned with the words "Impeachment Tour" in August of 2005. The group is seeking to hold the ] accountable for his actions in ].


===State-level Democratic party actions===
*], former assistant Secretary of the Treasury in the ] stated "The Bush administration is insane. If the American people do not decapitate it by demanding Bush’s impeachment, the Bush administration will bring about Armageddon."
On March 21, 2006, the New Mexico Democratic Party, at a convention in ], adopted a plank to their platform saying “the Democratic Party of New Mexico supports the impeachment of George Bush and his lawful removal from office.”<ref>{{cite news|title=N.M. Dems Call For Bush's Exit|date=2006-03-21 |first=Jeff |last=Jones |url=http://www.abqjournal.com/news/state/443722nm03-21-06.htm |access-date=2007-01-27}}</ref>


On March 24, 2007, the Vermont Democratic State Committee voted to support JRH 15, a state legislative resolution supporting impeachment, calling for its passage as "appropriate action."<ref>, by Shay Totten & Christian Avard '']'', March 6, 2007.</ref>
*] called for a bill of impeachment 'charging George W. Bush with a conscious refusal to uphold his oath and defend the states of the Union against "invasion"' in regards to issues with ].


On January 2, 2008, ], an 87-year-old, fourteen-term Democratic ], introduced New Hampshire House Resolution 24 in the State-Federal Relations and Veterans Affairs Committee of the ].<ref name=NHdoc>{{Cite web|title=Bill Docket|url=http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/bill_docket.aspx?lsr=2013&sy=2008&sortoption=&txtsessionyear=2008&txttitle=impeach|access-date=2023-01-05|website=www.gencourt.state.nh.us}}</ref> The resolution was "petitioning Congress to commence impeachment procedures" against Bush and Cheney for "high crimes and misdemeanors", including domestic spying, illegal detentions, signing statements, electioneering, the breaking of international treaties, and war crimes.<ref name=NHtext>{{Cite web|title=HR 0024|url=http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/legislation/2008/HR0024.html|access-date=2023-01-05|website=www.gencourt.state.nh.us}}</ref> The bill further asserted that "section 603 of ] states that an impeachment may be set in motion by the United States House of Representatives by charges transmitted from the legislature of a state".<ref name=NHtext/>
==Charges==


On February 20, 2008, the bill was ruled "Inexpedient to Legislate" to pass by a 10 to 5 vote within committee, which passed the resolution on to the full House for a vote.<ref name=NHdoc/> The bill was ] in the New Hampshire House of Representatives on April 16, 2008.<ref name=NHdoc/> After three efforts to have the bill removed from the table were unsuccessful, it died on the table on September 24, 2008.<ref name=NHdoc/>
An explanation of the grounds for impeachment was given in a recent memo to Rep. Conyers from attorney Bonifaz.


===House Republicans===
Among the preliminary formal charges made against the Bush administration as proposed by Clark include the following allegations that:
On July 25, 2008, Rep. ] (]) said that Bush had not broken the law in his own interest. He further cited the ] of the Constitution and said that we should use "our own good judgment" regarding their intent on impeachment.<ref>{{cite news |title=User Clip: Mike Pence on impeachment cspan-July 25, 2008 {{!}} C-SPAN.org |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4821207/user-clip-mike-pence-impeachment-cspan-july-25-2008 |access-date=November 25, 2019 |work=C-SPAN |date=July 25, 2008 |language=en-us}}</ref>


==Municipal and county resolutions endorsing impeachment==
* ] fabricated ] regarding ]'s threat to the United States in the run-up to the ], specifically, that Iraq had ];
By early 2006, numerous municipalities (large and small, and in various regions of the United States) had begun considering resolutions endorsing an impeachment of Bush.<ref>{{cite web |title=Towns draft resolutions for Bush impeachment |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna11746261 |website=NBC News |access-date=3 December 2024 |language=en |date=9 March 2006}}</ref> By June 2007, 79 municipal governments had adopted resolutions expressing their support for impeachments against Bush and other Bush administration officials.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Luhn |first1=Alec |title=Council to Discuss Bush Impeachment Madison Joins the 79 Muncipalities National Discussing Impeachment Resolutions of Bush's Administration. (First Edition) Seventy-Nine Municipalities Nationwide Have Adopted Impeachment Resolutions. (Second Edition) |url=https://madison.com/news/local/council-to-discuss-bush-impeachment-madison-joins-the-79-municipalities-nationwide-discussing-impeachment-resoltuions-of/article_1c02fa1a-d491-5192-9cb7-756758f3f857.html |website=Wisconsin State Journal |access-date=3 December 2024 |language=en |date=19 June 2007}}</ref>
* President Bush violated various sections of the ] and ];
* President Bush committed ] relating to "] and ] of individuals and governments;"
* President Bush has concealed "information vital to public discussion and informed judgment;" and
* President Bush has caused or is responsible for assassinations, torture, and indefinite detentions such as the ], ], ], ] and other such matters including the ].
* President Bush has violated the First Amendment to the United States Constitution on numerous occassions with the prohibitive measures on any protests or marches by the people of the United States.


Several county governments adopted resolutions expressing their support for an impeachment of Bush. Among the first to do this was ] in August 2007.<ref>Multiple sources:
Many activists charge that Bush committed obstruction of Congress, a felony under 18 U.S.C. 1001, by withholding information and by supplying information Bush should have known to be incorrect in his States of the Union speeches. This law is comparable to perjury, but it does not require that the statements be made under oath. ] recently went to prison for violating this law by making false statements to investigators. ] was indicted under this law in relation to his involvement in the ], but he escaped prosecution by being pardoned by ].
*{{cite web |title=Dane County Board to vote on impeachment of Bush, Cheney |url=https://www.twincities.com/2007/08/11/dane-county-board-to-vote-on-impeachment-of-bush-cheney |website=Twin Cities |access-date=3 December 2024 |date=11 August 2007}}
*{{cite web |title=Dane County / Board to vote on Bush impeachment |url=https://www.twincities.com/2007/08/11/dane-county-board-to-vote-on-bush-impeachment |website=Twin Cities |access-date=3 December 2024 |date=11 August 2007}}
*{{cite web |title=Every Which Way But Wyndham |url=https://www.dailycardinal.com/article/2010/02/every-which-way-but-wyndham |website=The Daily Cardinal |access-date=3 December 2024 |language=en |date=February 14, 2010}}</ref>


==Summary of impeachment resolutions introduced==
A number of legislators, journalists, bloggers and citizen activist groups see the heretofore secret ] as proof that Bush was willingly and knowingly untruthful about Iraq's possession of ]s, and had lied in the year (2002) leading up to the Iraqi Invasion of 2003, and that the president intentionally planned to invade Iraq regardless of the whether or not Iraq has any such weapons. Congressional democrats sponsored both a request for documents and a resolution of inquiry. The minority party does not have subpoenas power, and therefore cannot force the production of documents.
{| class=wikitable
|+ Impeachment resolutions introduced in the ]
! Resolution #
! Date introduced
! Sponsor
! Number of co-sponsors
! Action called for
! Reason
! Actions taken
! Citation
|-
|
| December 18, 2005
| ] (D–MI)
| style="text-align: center"|38
| Launch of an ]
| Allegations against the Bush administration including, "intent to go to war before congressional authorization, manipulation of pre-war intelligence, encouraging and countenancing torture, retaliating against critics"
| Referred to ] on December 18, 2005
| <ref>{{cite web |title=H.Res.635 - Creating a select committee to investigate the Administration's intent to go to war before congressional authorization, manipulation of pre-war intelligence, encouraging and countenancing torture, retaliating against critics, and to make recommendations regarding grounds for possible impeachment.
|url= https://www.congress.gov/bill/109th-congress/house-resolution/635 |website=congress.gov |publisher=United States Congress |access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
|
| December 8, 2006
| ] (D–GA)
| style="text-align: center"|0
| Impeachment of Bush
| {{small|Alleged "high crimes and misdemeanors" outlined in three articles of impeachment:
<br>{{Smalldiv|{{hidden| |
*Article I: "Failure to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution," in violation of ] by, "manipulating intelligence and lying to justify war"
*Article II: "Abuse of office and of executive privilege," in violation of his oath of office, through, "disregard for that oath by obstructing and hindering the work of Congressional investigative bodies and by seeking to expand the scope of the powers of his office," and additionally, failing to, "investigate or discipline those responsible for an ongoing pattern of negligence, incompetence and malfeasance to the detriment of the American people (including by Vice President ] and National Security Advisor ])
*Article III:"Failure to ensure the laws are faithfully executed," in violation of his duties under Article II, Section 3 of the United States Constitution by having, "violated the letter and spirit of laws and rules of criminal procedure used by civilian and military courts, and has violated or ignored regulatory codes and practices that carry out the law," in conduct including, "illegal domestic spying," that is, "in violation of the ]"
}}}}
| Referred to ] on December 8, 2006
| <ref>{{cite web |title=H.Res.1106 - Articles of Impeachment against George Walker Bush, President of the United States of America, and other officials, for high crimes and misdemeanors. |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/109th-congress/house-resolution/1106 |website=congress.gov |publisher=United States Congress |access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref>
|}


{| class=wikitable
], the ] investigating the ] has subpoenaed phone records made from ], and the court filings in support of these subpoena's have alleged "serious breaches of security." The closeness of ] and ] to the president and vice-president respectively has led ] to draw comparisons to Watergate in recent columns.
|+ Impeachment resolutions introduced in the ]
! Resolution #
! Date introduced
! Sponsor
! Number of co-sponsors
! Action called for
! Reason
! Actions taken
! Citation
|-
|
| June 11, 2008
| ] (D–OH)
| style="text-align: center"|11
| Impeachment of Bush
| Alleged "high crimes and misdemeanors" in violation of his oath of office outlined in 28 articles of impeachment
| Referred (by a vote of 251–166) to ] on June 11, 2008
| <ref>{{cite web |title=H.Res.1258 - Impeaching George W. Bush, President of the United States, of high crimes and misdemeanors.
|url= https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-resolution/1258 |website=congress.gov |publisher=United States Congress |access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
|
| July 15, 2008
| ] (D–OH)
| style="text-align: center"|4
| Impeachment of Bush
| "Deceiving Congress with fabricated threats of ] to fraudulently obtain support for ]"
| Referred (by a vote of 238–180) to ] on December 8, 2006
| <ref>{{cite web |title=H.Res.1345 - Impeaching George W. Bush, President of the United States, of high crimes and misdemeanors.
|url= https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-resolution/1345 |website=congress.gov |publisher=United States Congress |access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref>
|}


==See also==
Official Democratic Party organizations, including the ] and the ] have used phrases such as "worse than Watergate" and accusing Bush and the Republicans of "abuse of power". The latter phrase is significant because "abuse of power" was the meaning attached to the phrase "high crimes and misdemeanors" in the Constitution's impeachment standard by the Congress in the Impeachment proceedings against Richard Nixon. To date, neither organization has endorsed impeachment explicitly.

== See also ==
* ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ]
* ]
* '']''
* ]
* '']''

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* ], ''Warrior King: The Case for Impeaching George Bush'', (2003) {{ISBN|1-56025-606-0}}
* ] & ], ]: The Legal Argument for Removing President George W. Bush from Office, (2006) {{ISBN|0-312-36016-9}}
* Dennis Loo & Peter Phillips, Eds., ''Impeach the President: the Case Against Bush and Cheney'', (2006) {{ISBN|978-1-58322-743-5}}
* ], ''The Genius of Impeachment: The Founders' Cure for Royalism'', (2006) {{ISBN|978-1-59558-140-2}}
* Elizabeth de la Vega, ''U.S. v. Bush'', (2006) {{ISBN|978-1-58322-756-5}}
* ], ''Impeachment: A Handbook (Yale Fastback Series)'', (1998 Reissue) {{ISBN|0-300-07950-8}}
* ], '']'', (2006) {{ISBN|0-9779440-0-X}}
* ] with Cynthia Cooper, ''The Impeachment of George W Bush'' A Practical Guide for Concerned Citizens, (2006) {{ISBN|1-56025-940-X}}
* ], ''Cowboy Republic: Six Ways the Bush Gang Has Defied the Law'', (2007) {{ISBN|0-9778253-3-7}}
* ], ''Takeover: The Return of the Imperial Presidency and the Subversion of American Democracy'', (2007) {{ISBN|0-316-11805-2}}
* ], '']'', (2008) {{ISBN|978-159315-481-3}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{Wikisource|Representative Kucinich announced his intention to offer a privileged resolution|Congressional&nbsp;Record, Volume&nbsp;154, pp.&nbsp;H5088–H5107 (June&nbsp;9,&nbsp;2008)}}
* from the Center for Media & Democracy's SourceWatch
* , by Congressman ]. .
*
* (July 22, 2007)
*
*
**
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060318101931/http://www.thenation.com/doc/20060130/holtzman |date=2006-03-18 }} an article in the January 30, 2006, issue of ''The Nation'' magazine
* by John Dean

* Group organizing events to publicize the Downing Street Memos and advocate a congressional resolution of inquiry into the possible crimes of George Bush.
{{Presidency of George W. Bush}}
*, which reports a Zogby Poll which shows 42% of Americans agree that "if President Bush did not tell the truth about his reasons for going to war with Iraq, Congress should consider holding him accountable through impeachment?"
{{Federal impeachment in the United States}}
* by John Bonifaz
* by John Dean
*
*
*
*


] ]
]
]

Latest revision as of 20:23, 3 December 2024

Talks and activities of a possible impeachment of George W. Bush
A protester calling for the impeachment of Bush on June 16, 2005.
Window display in New Orleans calling for impeachment in March 2006
Man protesting in Albuquerque, New Mexico in support of impeaching both Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney in July 2008

During the presidency of George W. Bush, several American politicians sought to either investigate Bush for possible impeachable offenses, or to bring actual impeachment charges on the floor of the United States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee. The most significant of these efforts occurred on June 10, 2008, when Congressman Dennis Kucinich, along with co-sponsor Robert Wexler, introduced 35 articles of impeachment against Bush to the U.S. House of Representatives. The House voted 251 to 166 to refer the impeachment resolution to the Judiciary Committee on June 11, where no further action was taken on it. Bush's presidency ended on January 20, 2009, with the completion of his second term in office, rendering impeachment efforts moot.

Kucinich–Wexler impeachment articles

The Kucinich–Wexler impeachment resolution contained 35 articles of impeachment covering the Iraq War, the Valerie Plame affair, creating a case for war with Iran, capture and treatment of prisoners of war, spying and or wiretapping inside the United States, use of signing statements, failing to comply with Congressional subpoenas, the 2004 elections, Medicare, Hurricane Katrina, global warming, and 9/11.

The 2003 invasion of Iraq was the most substantial portion of the articles of impeachment introduced by Kucinich and Wexler. Fifteen of the 35 articles directly relate to alleged misconduct by Bush in seeking authority for the war, and in the conduct of military action itself. Five other articles address allegations partially or tertiarily relating to the war, including the "outing" of Valerie Plame, treatment of prisoners (both in Iraq and from operations in Afghanistan and other countries), and building a case for Iran being a threat based in part on alleging Iranian actions in Iraq.

Justification for invasion

Further information: Iraq and weapons of mass destruction, Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda, Downing Street memo, Bush-Blair memo, Legitimacy of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and Bush-Aznar memo

The first four impeachment articles charge the president with illegally creating a case for war with Iraq, including charges of a propaganda campaign, falsely representing Iraq as responsible for 9/11, and falsely representing Iraq as an imminent danger to the United States.

Legitimacy of invasion

Further information: UN Charter, War of aggression, Jus ad bellum, and Legitimacy of the 2003 invasion of Iraq

Articles 5–8 and 12 deal with the invasion of Iraq and include charges that funds were misspent before the war, that the war was in violation of HJRes114, that Iraq was invaded without a war declaration, that the war is a violation of the UN Charter, and that the purpose of the war was to control the country's oil supplies.

Conduct of the Iraq War

Further information: 2003 invasion of Iraq

Articles 9, 10, 11 and 13 deal with conduct of the war, including failing to provide troops with body armor, falsifying US troop deaths and injuries, establishing a permanent military base in Iraq, and creating a secret task force to develop energy and military policies with respect to Iraq and other countries. Articles 15 and 16 cover contractors in Iraq and charges that the president misspent money on contractors and provided them with immunity.

Valerie Plame

Further information: Plame affair

Article 14 is about the revelation of the identity of CIA agent Valerie Plame.

Treatment of detainees

Further information: Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse, Bagram torture and prisoner abuse, United Nations Convention Against Torture, Geneva Conventions, Command responsibility, and Hamdan v. Rumsfeld

Articles 17–20 concern the treatment of detainees, the "kidnapping" and detention of foreign nationals, and the use of torture.

Attempt to overthrow the government of Iran

Article 21 claims that the president misled Congress and the American people about threats from Iran, and supported terrorist organizations within Iran, with the goal of overthrowing the Iranian government.

NSA warrantless surveillance controversy

Further information: NSA warrantless surveillance controversy and Separation of powers

Articles 24 and 25 charge the president with illegally spying on American citizens, directing US telecom companies to create databases of citizens, and violating the Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution.

Signing statements

Further information: Signing statement § Controversy over George W. Bush's use of signing statements

Article 26 concerns the presidential use of signing statements.

Congressional subpoenas

Article 27 is about failing to comply with congressional subpoenas.

2004 elections

Further information: 2004 United States election voting controversies

Articles 28 and 29 charge the president with tampering with the 2004 elections and violating the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Medicare

Article 30 states "Misleading Congress and the American People in an Attempt to Destroy Medicare."

Katrina

Further information: Criticism of the government response to Hurricane Katrina

Article 31 concerns the supposed failure to plan and respond to Hurricane Katrina.

Global warming

Article 32 charges the president with "Systematically Undermining Efforts to Address Global Climate Change."

9/11

Articles 33, 34 and 35 concern 9/11, alleging that the president failed to respond to prior intelligence, obstructed post-9/11 investigations and endangered the health of 9/11 first responders.

Political views and actions

An early effort to impeach Bush was begun by Lyndon Johnson administration Attorney General Ramsey Clark.

Democrats in Congress

On June 16, 2005, Rep. John Conyers (D-MI) assembled an unofficial meeting to discuss the Downing Street memo and to consider grounds for impeachment. Conyers filed a resolution on December 18, 2005, to create an investigative committee to consider impeachment. His resolution gained 38 co-sponsors before it expired at the end of the 109th Congress. He did not reintroduce a similar resolution for the 110th Congress.

Keith Ellison (D-MN) was the leading figure behind the resolution to impeach Bush brought to the Minnesota State House of Representatives in May 2006. Ellison was elected to the United States House of Representatives in November 2006. During the campaign and when he was named to the House Judiciary Committee, Ellison repeatedly called for an investigation into a possible impeachment. In support of his candidacy, he "received a $1,000 contribution from ImpeachPAC". Ellison would later note that his "opinions really have not changed over time, but the circumstances" regarding his position in Congress had, and he was a "step before impeachment".

At another unofficial hearing convened by Conyers on January 20, 2006, Rep. Jerrold Nadler (D-NY) called for the committee to explore whether Bush should face impeachment, stemming from his decision to authorize domestic surveillance without court review.

On May 10, 2006, House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) indicated she was not interested in pursuing impeachment and had taken it "off the table", reiterating this phrase on November 8, 2006, after the election. In July 2007, Pelosi stated that she "would probably advocate" impeaching Bush if she were not in the House nor Speaker of the House.

On December 8, 2006 (the last day of the 109th Congress), then-Representative Cynthia McKinney (D-GA) submitted a resolution, H. Res. 1106. The bill expired along with the 109th Congress.

John Conyers brought up the subject of impeachment on the July 8, 2007, broadcast of This Week with George Stephanopoulos, stating:

We're hoping that as the cries for the removal of both Cheney and Bush now reach 46 percent and 58 percent, respectively, for impeachment, that we could begin to become a little bit more cooperative, if not even amicable, in trying to get to the truth of these matters.

Presidential candidate Dennis Kucinich's major point in the Democratic Presidential Debate on October 30, 2007, was that Bush and Cheney should be impeached for the Iraq War. On November 6, 2007, Kucinich introduced a resolution to impeach Vice President Cheney in the House of Representatives.

In November 2007, Joe Biden, then a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2008, stated that he would move to impeach if President Bush were to bomb Iran without first gaining congressional approval. However, no such bombing occurred during the rest of Bush's term.

On June 9, 2008, Representative Dennis Kucinich (D-Ohio), introduced a resolution, H.Res. 1258, to impeach president George W. Bush, which included 35 counts in the articles of impeachment. At the end of the evening on June 10, Kucinich offered a motion to refer HRes 1258 to the House Judiciary Committee. On June 11, the House voted 251-166 to send the resolution to the Committee. The effort to impeach President Bush was not supported by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, who believed the move would be "divisive and unlikely to succeed."

On July 14, 2008, Kucinich introduced a new impeachment resolution (H.Res. 1345) limited to a single count.

State-level Democratic party actions

On March 21, 2006, the New Mexico Democratic Party, at a convention in Albuquerque, adopted a plank to their platform saying “the Democratic Party of New Mexico supports the impeachment of George Bush and his lawful removal from office.”

On March 24, 2007, the Vermont Democratic State Committee voted to support JRH 15, a state legislative resolution supporting impeachment, calling for its passage as "appropriate action."

On January 2, 2008, Betty Hall, an 87-year-old, fourteen-term Democratic State Representative, introduced New Hampshire House Resolution 24 in the State-Federal Relations and Veterans Affairs Committee of the New Hampshire House of Representatives. The resolution was "petitioning Congress to commence impeachment procedures" against Bush and Cheney for "high crimes and misdemeanors", including domestic spying, illegal detentions, signing statements, electioneering, the breaking of international treaties, and war crimes. The bill further asserted that "section 603 of Jefferson's Manual of Parliamentary Practice states that an impeachment may be set in motion by the United States House of Representatives by charges transmitted from the legislature of a state".

On February 20, 2008, the bill was ruled "Inexpedient to Legislate" to pass by a 10 to 5 vote within committee, which passed the resolution on to the full House for a vote. The bill was tabled in the New Hampshire House of Representatives on April 16, 2008. After three efforts to have the bill removed from the table were unsuccessful, it died on the table on September 24, 2008.

House Republicans

On July 25, 2008, Rep. Mike Pence (IN) said that Bush had not broken the law in his own interest. He further cited the Framers of the Constitution and said that we should use "our own good judgment" regarding their intent on impeachment.

Municipal and county resolutions endorsing impeachment

By early 2006, numerous municipalities (large and small, and in various regions of the United States) had begun considering resolutions endorsing an impeachment of Bush. By June 2007, 79 municipal governments had adopted resolutions expressing their support for impeachments against Bush and other Bush administration officials.

Several county governments adopted resolutions expressing their support for an impeachment of Bush. Among the first to do this was Dane County, Wisconsin in August 2007.

Summary of impeachment resolutions introduced

Impeachment resolutions introduced in the 109th U.S. Congress
Resolution # Date introduced Sponsor Number of co-sponsors Action called for Reason Actions taken Citation
H.Res. 635 December 18, 2005 John Conyers (D–MI) 38 Launch of an impeachment inquiry Allegations against the Bush administration including, "intent to go to war before congressional authorization, manipulation of pre-war intelligence, encouraging and countenancing torture, retaliating against critics" Referred to House Committee on Rules on December 18, 2005
H.Res.1106 December 8, 2006 Cynthia McKinney (D–GA) 0 Impeachment of Bush Alleged "high crimes and misdemeanors" outlined in three articles of impeachment:
  • Article I: "Failure to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution," in violation of his oath of office by, "manipulating intelligence and lying to justify war"
  • Article II: "Abuse of office and of executive privilege," in violation of his oath of office, through, "disregard for that oath by obstructing and hindering the work of Congressional investigative bodies and by seeking to expand the scope of the powers of his office," and additionally, failing to, "investigate or discipline those responsible for an ongoing pattern of negligence, incompetence and malfeasance to the detriment of the American people (including by Vice President Dick Cheney and National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice)
  • Article III:"Failure to ensure the laws are faithfully executed," in violation of his duties under Article II, Section 3 of the United States Constitution by having, "violated the letter and spirit of laws and rules of criminal procedure used by civilian and military courts, and has violated or ignored regulatory codes and practices that carry out the law," in conduct including, "illegal domestic spying," that is, "in violation of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act"
 Referred to House Committee on the Judiciary on December 8, 2006
Impeachment resolutions introduced in the 110th U.S. Congress
Resolution # Date introduced Sponsor Number of co-sponsors Action called for Reason Actions taken Citation
H.Res.1258 June 11, 2008 Dennis Kucinich (D–OH) 11 Impeachment of Bush Alleged "high crimes and misdemeanors" in violation of his oath of office outlined in 28 articles of impeachment Referred (by a vote of 251–166) to House Committee on the Judiciary on June 11, 2008
H.Res.1345 July 15, 2008 Dennis Kucinich (D–OH) 4 Impeachment of Bush "Deceiving Congress with fabricated threats of Iraq WMDs to fraudulently obtain support for an authorization of the use of military force against Iraq" Referred (by a vote of 238–180) to House Committee on the Judiciary on December 8, 2006

See also

References

  1. ^ "Impeaching George W. Bush, President of the United States, of high crimes and misdemeanors. (2008 - H.Res. 1258)". GovTrack.us. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  2. Man, Anthony (June 10, 2008). "Impeach Bush, Wexler says". South Florida Sun-Sentinel.com. Retrieved 2008-06-10.
  3. "Bill Summary & Status - 110th Congress (2007 - 2008) - H.RES.1258 - All Congressional Actions - THOMAS (Library of Congress)". Archived from the original on 2016-07-04. Retrieved 2009-01-26.
  4. "Ramsey Clark speaks out against war at college by josh davidson Staff Writer". independent.gmnews.com. Archived from the original on 17 December 2005. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  5. "Former U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark Calls for Bush Impeachment". Democracy Now!.
  6. H.RES.635 - Creating a select committee to investigate the Administration's intent to go to war before congressional authorization, manipulation of pre-war intelligence, encouraging and countenancing Archived 2015-03-18 at the Wayback Machine torture, retaliating against critics, and to make recommendations regarding grounds for possible impeachment Sponsor: Rep Conyers, John, Jr. (introduced December 18, 2005)
  7. Wilson, Conrad (2006-12-08). "The Insurgent". Retrieved January 27, 2007.
  8. Pugmire, Tim (2006-08-09). "Ellison compares Bush to Nixon". Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved January 27, 2007.
  9. Hotakainen, Rob (2007-01-25). "Will Ellison pursue impeachment? Not for now, he says". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on February 14, 2007. Retrieved January 27, 2007.
  10. Hotakainen, Rob (January 27, 2007). "Impeach Bush? Not yet, says Dem".
  11. Babington, Charles (2006-05-12). "Democrats Won't Try To Impeach President". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  12. NANCY ZUCKERBROD (8 November 2006). "Pelosi Says Democrats Are Ready to Lead". The Washington Post. Associated Press. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  13. Berman, Ari (2007-07-31). "Why Pelosi Opposes Impeachment". ISSN 0027-8378. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  14. Evans, Ben (2006-12-08). "McKinney Introduces Bill to Impeach Bush". Associated Press.
  15. Rep. Conyers on Impeachment, retrieved 2023-01-05
  16. Spillius, Alex (2 November 2007). "US presidential candidate insists he saw UFO". Telegraph. Philadelphia. Archived from the original on 3 November 2007. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
  17. "Poll: Vermont Wants Bush, Cheney Impeached, Nearly Two-Thirds Of State's Likely Voters Want President, VP Removed Before Term Ends". CBS News. November 1, 2007. Archived from the original on July 21, 2012. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
  18. Claffey, Jason. "Dover NH, Rochester NH, Portsmouth NH, Laconia NH, Sanford ME". Durham: Fosters.com. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
  19. Leech, Adam. "Biden: Impeachment if Bush bombs Iran". Seacoastonline.com. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
  20. "Impeaching George W. Bush, President of the United States, of high crimes and misdemeanors". Thomas.loc.gov. Archived from the original on 2015-07-18. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
  21. "Kucinich effort to impeach Bush kicked into limbo - CNN.com". www.cnn.com. Retrieved 2021-02-11.
  22. "Kucinich to Introduce Sole Impeachment Resolution". Roll Call. July 10, 2008. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  23. rtsp://video1.c-span.org/15days/e071008_kucinich.rm
  24. Jones, Jeff (2006-03-21). "N.M. Dems Call For Bush's Exit". Retrieved 2007-01-27.
  25. Vermont: 36 towns call for impeachment probe of president, by Shay Totten & Christian Avard Vermont Guardian, March 6, 2007.
  26. ^ "Bill Docket". www.gencourt.state.nh.us. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  27. ^ "HR 0024". www.gencourt.state.nh.us. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  28. "User Clip: Mike Pence on impeachment cspan-July 25, 2008 | C-SPAN.org". C-SPAN. July 25, 2008. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  29. "Towns draft resolutions for Bush impeachment". NBC News. 9 March 2006. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  30. Luhn, Alec (19 June 2007). "Council to Discuss Bush Impeachment Madison Joins the 79 Muncipalities National Discussing Impeachment Resolutions of Bush's Administration. (First Edition) Seventy-Nine Municipalities Nationwide Have Adopted Impeachment Resolutions. (Second Edition)". Wisconsin State Journal. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  31. Multiple sources:
  32. "H.Res.635 - Creating a select committee to investigate the Administration's intent to go to war before congressional authorization, manipulation of pre-war intelligence, encouraging and countenancing torture, retaliating against critics, and to make recommendations regarding grounds for possible impeachment". congress.gov. United States Congress. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  33. "H.Res.1106 - Articles of Impeachment against George Walker Bush, President of the United States of America, and other officials, for high crimes and misdemeanors". congress.gov. United States Congress. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  34. "H.Res.1258 - Impeaching George W. Bush, President of the United States, of high crimes and misdemeanors". congress.gov. United States Congress. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  35. "H.Res.1345 - Impeaching George W. Bush, President of the United States, of high crimes and misdemeanors". congress.gov. United States Congress. Retrieved 4 January 2023.

Further reading

External links

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