| Revision as of 23:19, 23 March 2009 editZarniwoopMD (talk | contribs)16 editsNo edit summary← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 04:22, 25 November 2024 edit undoOAbot (talk | contribs)Bots439,234 editsm Open access bot: doi updated in citation with #oabot. | ||
| (734 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{Redirect|Brain freeze||Brain freeze (disambiguation)}} | |||
| {{redirect3|Brainfreeze|For the 1999 mix album, see ]}} | |||
| {{Infobox medical condition (new) | |||
| {{Cleanup-ICHD}} | |||
| | name = Cold-stimulus headache | |||
| ] | |||
| | synonyms = Ice-cream headache, brain freeze<ref name="ICE-H">{{cite journal |last1=Kaczorowski |first1=Maya |last2=Kaczorowski |first2=Janusz |date=December 21, 2002 |title=Ice cream evoked headaches (ICE-H) study: randomised trial of accelerated versus cautious ice cream eating regimen |journal=British Medical Journal |doi=10.1136/bmj.325.7378.1445 |pmid=12493658 |volume=325 |issue=7378 |pages=1445–1446 |pmc=139031}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jankelowitz |first1=SK. |last2=Zagami |first2=AS. |date=Dec 2001 |title=Cold-stimulus headache. |journal=Cephalalgia |doi=10.1046/j.1468-2982.2001.00301.x |pmid=11843876 |volume=21 |issue=10 |page=1002|s2cid=28861589 |doi-access=free }}</ref> | |||
| '''Ice-cream headache''', also known as '''brain freeze''', '''cold headache''', '''shakeache''', '''frigid face''', '''freezie''', '''frozen brain syndrome''', '''cold-stimulus headache''', or its given scientific name ''sphenopalatine ganglioneuralgia'' (meaning "nerve pain of the '']''"), is a form of brief ] ] or ] commonly associated with consumption (particularly quick consumption) of cold ]s or ]s such as ]. | |||
| | image = Girl with Ice Cream - Southend-on-Sea - Essex - England (27713936233).jpg | |||
| | caption = A young girl hastily consuming ], a common cause of cold-stimulus headaches, which are aptly called "brain freezes" or "ice-cream headaches" | |||
| | pronounce = | |||
| | field = ] | |||
| | symptoms = | |||
| | complications = | |||
| | onset = | |||
| | duration = 20 seconds to 2 minutes depending on severity | |||
| | types = | |||
| | causes = Quick consumption of cold foods and beverages or prolonged oral exposure to cold stimuli | |||
| | risks = | |||
| | diagnosis = | |||
| | differential = | |||
| | prevention = | |||
| | treatment = Removal of the cold stimulus from the oral cavity and thrusting the tongue towards the tip of the nose or roof of the mouth to relieve pain. Drinking warm water can also ease pain. | |||
| | medication = | |||
| | prognosis = | |||
| | frequency = | |||
| | deaths = | |||
| | alt = | |||
| }} | |||
| A '''cold-stimulus headache''', colloquially known as an '''ice-cream headache''' or '''brain freeze''', is a form of brief pain or ] commonly associated with consumption (particularly quick consumption) of cold ]s or foods such as ], ]s, and ]s. It is caused by a cold substance touching the ], and is believed to result from a nerve response causing rapid constriction and swelling of blood vessels,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/question96.htm|title=What causes an ice cream headache?|date=1 April 2000}}</ref> "]" pain from the roof of the mouth to the head.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ice-cream-headaches/DS00640/DSECTION=causes|title=Ice cream headaches Causes - Mayo Clinic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=34149|title=Definition of Ice cream headache|access-date=2009-03-25|archive-date=2014-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041044/http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=34149|url-status=dead}}</ref> The rate of intake for cold foods has been studied as a contributing factor.<ref name="ICE-H" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foodsci.uoguelph.ca/dairyedu/icheadache.html|title=The Dairy Education eBook Series - Food Science|website=]}}</ref> It can also occur during a sudden exposure of unprotected head to cold temperatures, such as by diving into cold water.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ice cream headaches - Symptoms and causes |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ice-cream-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20373733 |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=Mayo Clinic |language=en}}</ref> A cold-stimulus headache is distinct from ], a type of dental pain that can occur under similar circumstances. | |||
| ] and other animals have been observed exhibiting a similar reaction when presented with a similar stimulus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.petmd.com/news/cat/do-cats-get-brain-freezes-when-they-eat-cold-treats-34364|title=Do Cats Actually Get 'Brain Freeze' When They Eat Cold Treats? - petMD|website=www.petmd.com}}</ref> | |||
| ==History== | |||
| According to '']'', the first written account of a cold-stimulus headache comes from ] in the 1770s. Brydone described a British naval officer in Sicily who consumed a large bite of ] and spat it out "with a horrid oath".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Twilley |first=Nicola |date=June 8, 2024 |title=How the Fridge Changed Flavor |url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-weekend-essay/how-the-fridge-changed-flavor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609102911/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-weekend-essay/how-the-fridge-changed-flavor |archive-date=June 9, 2024 |access-date=June 9, 2024 |magazine=]}}</ref> | |||
| The term ''ice-cream headache'' has been in use since at least January 31, 1937, contained in a journal entry by Rebecca Timbres published in the 1939 book ''We Didn't Ask Utopia: A Quaker Family in Soviet Russia''.<ref name="utopia">{{cite web |last1=Timbres |first1=Harry |last2=Timbres |first2=Rebecca |date=1939 |title=We didn't ask Utopia: a Quaker family in Soviet Russia |publisher=] |url=https://archive.org/stream/wedidntaskutopia00timbrich#page/224/mode/2up/search/ice+cream |access-date=2013-02-19 |quote=But your nose and fingertips get quite numb, though, and if you don't keep rubbing your forehead, you get what we used to call 'an ice cream headache.'}}</ref>{{primary inline|date=November 2017}} The first published use of the term ''brain freeze'', in the sense of a cold-stimulus headache, was in 1991.<ref name="pubbf">{{cite news|title=Confessions of a City Literate|publisher=]|date=27 May 1991}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=October 2020|reason=How do we know this was the first use in print?}}{{efn|The earliest recorded use of the term "brain freeze" (with a different meaning) was in 1968 in a Canadian academic journal.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}}}} ] has ]ed the term.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BRAINFREEZE - Trademark Details|url=http://trademarks.justia.com/868/37/brainfreeze-86837996.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606074230/https://trademarks.justia.com/868/37/brainfreeze-86837996.html|archive-date=2020-06-06|access-date=2020-06-06|website=Justia Trademarks|language=en}}</ref> | |||
| ==Cause and frequency== | ==Cause and frequency== | ||
| ⚫ | A cold-stimulus headache is thought to be the direct result of the rapid cooling and rewarming of the ] in the ] leading to periods of ] and ]. A similar, but painless, ] response causes the face to appear "flushed" after being outside on a cold day. In both instances, the low temperature causes the capillaries in the sinuses to constrict and then experience extreme rebound dilation as they warm up again.<ref name="sa">''Scientific American Mind'', 1555–2284, 2008, Vol. 19, Issue 1. ''"Brain Freeze."'' Andrews, Mark A., Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine.</ref> | ||
| An editorial was published in the '']''<ref name="bmj">http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/314/7091/1364 Ice cream headache - Hulihan 314 (7091): 1364 - BMJ</ref> on ice cream headache; it referenced several articles on the effect of rapid consumption of cold foods or beverages. It has been studied as an example of ], an unpleasant sensation localized to an area separate from the site of the painful stimulation. | |||
| ⚫ | In the palate, this dilation is sensed by nearby pain receptors, which then send signals back to the ] via the ], one of the major nerves of the facial area. This nerve also senses facial pain, so as the neural signals are conducted the brain interprets the pain as coming from the forehead—the same "]" phenomenon seen in heart attacks. Brain-freeze pain may last from a few seconds to a few minutes. Research suggests that the same vascular mechanism and nerve implicated in "brain freeze" cause the aura (sensory disturbance) and pulsatile (throbbing pain) phases of ]s.<ref name="bmj">{{cite journal |last=Hulihan |first=Joseph |date=1997 |title=Ice cream headache |journal=BMJ |doi=10.1136/bmj.314.7091.1364 |volume=314 |issue=7091 |page=1364|pmid=9161304 |pmc=2126629 }}</ref> | ||
| It is possible to have a cold-stimulus headache in both hot and cold weather, contrary to ], because the effect relies upon the temperature of the food being consumed rather than that of the environment.<ref>{{Cite news |last=O’Connor |first=Anahad |date=October 11, 2010 |title=The Claim: 'Brain Freeze' Occurs Only on Warm Days |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/12/health/12really.html |access-date=June 24, 2024 |work=]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kaczorowski |first1=Maya |last2=Kaczorowski |first2=Janusz |date=December 21, 2002 |title=Ice cream evoked headaches (ICE-H) study: randomised trial of accelerated versus cautious ice cream eating regimen |journal=] |volume=325 |issue=7378 |pages=1445–1446 |doi=10.1136/bmj.325.7378.1445 |pmid=12493658 |pmc=139031 }}</ref> Other causes that may mimic the sensation of cold-stimulus headache include that produced when high speed drilling is performed through the inner table of the skull in people undergoing such a procedure in an awake or sedated state. | |||
| ], shown in yellow, conducts signals from dilating blood vessels in the ] to the brain, which interprets the pain as coming from the forehead.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}]] | |||
| ===Anterior cerebral artery theory=== | |||
| Another theory into the cause of cold-stimulus headaches is explained by increased blood flow to the brain through the ], which supplies oxygenated blood to most medial portions of the ]s and ] lobes. This increase in blood volume and resulting increase in size in this artery is thought to bring on the pain associated with a cold-stimulus headache.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} | |||
| When the anterior cerebral artery constricts, reining in the response to this increased blood volume, the pain disappears. The dilation, then quick constriction, of this blood vessel may be a type of self-defense for the brain.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} | |||
| This inflow of blood cannot be cleared as quickly as it is coming in during the cold-stimulus headache, so the blood flow could raise the pressure inside the skull and induce pain that way. As the ] and temperature in the brain rise the blood vessel contracts, and the pressure in the brain is reduced before reaching dangerous levels.<ref>{{cite web |last=Welsh |first=Jennifer |date=22 April 2012 |title=Cause of Brain Freeze Revealed |publisher=TechMediaNetwork.com |url=http://www.livescience.com/19834-brain-freeze-blood-flow-migraines.html |access-date=2012-04-24}}</ref> | |||
| The effect occurs when something very cold, such as ice cream, touches the top palate in the mouth. The blood vessels constrict due to the cold. This makes the nerves send a signal to the brain to open blood vessels. But this rapid opening of the blood vessels makes fluid back up in the tissues that won't drain for thirty seconds to a minute. This causes a slight swelling in the forehead that causes pain. | |||
| ==Research== | |||
| It has been estimated that one in three people experience an ice-cream headache from consumption of ice cream. Some studies suggest that it is more common in people who experience migraines; other studies have shown the opposite.<ref name="bmj"/> | |||
| Due to how shortlived the headache is, researchers like Amokrane Chebini and Esma Dilli have voiced how difficult it is to study the phenomenon.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chebini |first1=Amokrane |last2=Dilli |first2=Esma |title=Cold Stimulus Headache |journal=Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep |date=June 2019 |volume=19 |issue=46 |doi=10.1007/s11910-019-0956-5 |pmid=31172287 |url=https://rdcu.be/d06bs |access-date=22 November 2024}}</ref> Thus, there is not much research that has been conducted on the topic. | |||
| The phenomenon is common enough to have been the subject of research published in the '']'' and '']''.<ref name="sa"/><ref name="bmj"/> A study conducted by Maya Kaczorowski demonstrated a higher incidence of headache in subjects consuming an ice cream sample quickly, in less than 5 seconds, vs. those who consumed slowly, taking longer than 30 seconds (27% and 12%, respectively).<ref name="ICE-H" /> | |||
| According to research conducted by Nigel Bird, ], and Marcia I. Wilkinson published in the journal '']'', "17% of the migraine patients and 46% of the students developed headache following palatal application or a swallow of ice cream."<ref name="Bird92">{{cite journal |last1=Bird |first1=Nigel |last2=MacGregor |first2=Anne |last3=Wilkinson |first3=Marcia I. |year=1992 |title=Ice cream headache–site, duration, and relationship to migraine |journal=] |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=35–8 |publisher=] |doi= 10.1111/j.1526-4610.1992.hed3201035.x|pmid=1555929|s2cid=45688979 }}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| According to research conducted by Ilaria Bonemazzi and several other colleagues found that the children participants in their study were more likely to develop cold-stimulus headaches compared to their adult counterparts.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bonemazzi |first1=Ilaria |last2=Pelizza |first2=Maria Federica |last3=Berti |first3=Giulia |last4=Ancona |first4=Claudio |last5=Nosadini |first5=Margherita |last6=Sartori |first6=Stefano |last7=Toldo |first7=Irene |title=Cold-Stimulus Headache in Children and Adolescents |journal=Life |date=April 2023 |volume=13 |issue=4 |page=973 |doi=10.3390/life13040973 |doi-access=free |pmid=37109502 |pmc=10144624 }}</ref> This may suggest that children are more sensitive to cold-stimulus headaches, and that children grow a resistance to these headaches as they grow into adults. | |||
| ⚫ | In the palate, this dilation is sensed by nearby pain receptors, which then send signals back to the ] via the ], one of the major nerves of the facial area. This nerve also senses facial pain, so as the signals are conducted the brain interprets the pain as coming from the |
||
| Cold-stimulus headaches are not always caused by consuming ice cream and other cold foods similar to it; it has been found that simply being in a colder environment may trigger the same symptoms associated with a cold-stimulus headache. In a letter written by SK Jankelowitz and AS Zagami, the authors describe a patient who experienced cold-stimulus headache symptoms while she was ice skating. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jankelowitz |first1=SK. |last2=Zagami |first2=AS. |date=Dec 2001 |title=Cold-stimulus headache. |journal=Cephalalgia |doi=10.1046/j.1468-2982.2001.00301.x |pmid=11843876 |volume=21 |issue=10 |page=1002|s2cid=28861589 |doi-access=free }}</ref> | |||
| As "ice cream headaches" require a warm ambient environmental temperature to occur, it is impossible to suffer one in cold weather.<ref name="sa"/> | |||
| In research conducted by Anthony Khoo, Michelle Kiley, and Peter J Goadsby, it was found that naproxen was seen to prevent the symptoms of a cold-stimulus headache when it was taken 30 minutes before the exposure and ingestion of a cold substance. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Khoo |first1=Anthony |last2=Kiley |first2=Michelle |last3=Goadsby |first3=Peter J |title=Managing external cold-stimulus headache with preventive naproxen |journal=Cephalalgia Reports |date=April 2020 |volume=3 |issue=4 |doi=10.1177/2515816320915696 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2515816320915696 |access-date=22 November 2024|doi-access=free }}</ref> This study opens the door to a world of methods to ensure the prevention of cold-stimulus headaches. | |||
| The phenomena is common enough to have been the subject of research conducted by the "]" and "]".<ref name="sa"/><ref name="bmj"/> | |||
| ==Notes== | |||
| {{Notelist}} | |||
| == |
==References== | ||
| {{ |
{{Reflist}} | ||
| {{Medical resources | |||
| == External links == | |||
| | DiseasesDB = | |||
| * | |||
| | ICD10 = G44.8021 (ICD-10NA) | |||
| | ICD9 = | |||
| | ICDO = | |||
| | OMIM = | |||
| | MedlinePlus = | |||
| | eMedicineSubj = | |||
| | eMedicineTopic = | |||
| | MeshID = | |||
| }} | |||
| {{Headache}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 04:22, 25 November 2024
"Brain freeze" redirects here. For other uses, see Brain freeze (disambiguation). Medical condition| Cold-stimulus headache | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Ice-cream headache, brain freeze |
.jpg) | |
| A young girl hastily consuming ice cream, a common cause of cold-stimulus headaches, which are aptly called "brain freezes" or "ice-cream headaches" | |
| Specialty | Neurology |
| Duration | 20 seconds to 2 minutes depending on severity |
| Causes | Quick consumption of cold foods and beverages or prolonged oral exposure to cold stimuli |
| Treatment | Removal of the cold stimulus from the oral cavity and thrusting the tongue towards the tip of the nose or roof of the mouth to relieve pain. Drinking warm water can also ease pain. |
A cold-stimulus headache, colloquially known as an ice-cream headache or brain freeze, is a form of brief pain or headache commonly associated with consumption (particularly quick consumption) of cold beverages or foods such as ice cream, popsicles, and snow cones. It is caused by a cold substance touching the roof of the mouth, and is believed to result from a nerve response causing rapid constriction and swelling of blood vessels, "referring" pain from the roof of the mouth to the head. The rate of intake for cold foods has been studied as a contributing factor. It can also occur during a sudden exposure of unprotected head to cold temperatures, such as by diving into cold water. A cold-stimulus headache is distinct from dentin hypersensitivity, a type of dental pain that can occur under similar circumstances.
Cats and other animals have been observed exhibiting a similar reaction when presented with a similar stimulus.
History
According to The New Yorker, the first written account of a cold-stimulus headache comes from Patrick Brydone in the 1770s. Brydone described a British naval officer in Sicily who consumed a large bite of ice cream and spat it out "with a horrid oath".
The term ice-cream headache has been in use since at least January 31, 1937, contained in a journal entry by Rebecca Timbres published in the 1939 book We Didn't Ask Utopia: A Quaker Family in Soviet Russia. The first published use of the term brain freeze, in the sense of a cold-stimulus headache, was in 1991. 7-Eleven has trademarked the term.
Cause and frequency
A cold-stimulus headache is thought to be the direct result of the rapid cooling and rewarming of the capillaries in the sinuses leading to periods of vasoconstriction and vasodilation. A similar, but painless, blood vessel response causes the face to appear "flushed" after being outside on a cold day. In both instances, the low temperature causes the capillaries in the sinuses to constrict and then experience extreme rebound dilation as they warm up again.
In the palate, this dilation is sensed by nearby pain receptors, which then send signals back to the brain via the trigeminal nerve, one of the major nerves of the facial area. This nerve also senses facial pain, so as the neural signals are conducted the brain interprets the pain as coming from the forehead—the same "referred pain" phenomenon seen in heart attacks. Brain-freeze pain may last from a few seconds to a few minutes. Research suggests that the same vascular mechanism and nerve implicated in "brain freeze" cause the aura (sensory disturbance) and pulsatile (throbbing pain) phases of migraines.
It is possible to have a cold-stimulus headache in both hot and cold weather, contrary to popular belief, because the effect relies upon the temperature of the food being consumed rather than that of the environment. Other causes that may mimic the sensation of cold-stimulus headache include that produced when high speed drilling is performed through the inner table of the skull in people undergoing such a procedure in an awake or sedated state.
Anterior cerebral artery theory
Another theory into the cause of cold-stimulus headaches is explained by increased blood flow to the brain through the anterior cerebral artery, which supplies oxygenated blood to most medial portions of the frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes. This increase in blood volume and resulting increase in size in this artery is thought to bring on the pain associated with a cold-stimulus headache.
When the anterior cerebral artery constricts, reining in the response to this increased blood volume, the pain disappears. The dilation, then quick constriction, of this blood vessel may be a type of self-defense for the brain.
This inflow of blood cannot be cleared as quickly as it is coming in during the cold-stimulus headache, so the blood flow could raise the pressure inside the skull and induce pain that way. As the intracranial pressure and temperature in the brain rise the blood vessel contracts, and the pressure in the brain is reduced before reaching dangerous levels.
Research
Due to how shortlived the headache is, researchers like Amokrane Chebini and Esma Dilli have voiced how difficult it is to study the phenomenon. Thus, there is not much research that has been conducted on the topic.
The phenomenon is common enough to have been the subject of research published in the British Medical Journal and Scientific American. A study conducted by Maya Kaczorowski demonstrated a higher incidence of headache in subjects consuming an ice cream sample quickly, in less than 5 seconds, vs. those who consumed slowly, taking longer than 30 seconds (27% and 12%, respectively).
According to research conducted by Nigel Bird, Anne MacGregor, and Marcia I. Wilkinson published in the journal Headache, "17% of the migraine patients and 46% of the students developed headache following palatal application or a swallow of ice cream."
According to research conducted by Ilaria Bonemazzi and several other colleagues found that the children participants in their study were more likely to develop cold-stimulus headaches compared to their adult counterparts. This may suggest that children are more sensitive to cold-stimulus headaches, and that children grow a resistance to these headaches as they grow into adults.
Cold-stimulus headaches are not always caused by consuming ice cream and other cold foods similar to it; it has been found that simply being in a colder environment may trigger the same symptoms associated with a cold-stimulus headache. In a letter written by SK Jankelowitz and AS Zagami, the authors describe a patient who experienced cold-stimulus headache symptoms while she was ice skating.
In research conducted by Anthony Khoo, Michelle Kiley, and Peter J Goadsby, it was found that naproxen was seen to prevent the symptoms of a cold-stimulus headache when it was taken 30 minutes before the exposure and ingestion of a cold substance. This study opens the door to a world of methods to ensure the prevention of cold-stimulus headaches.
Notes
- The earliest recorded use of the term "brain freeze" (with a different meaning) was in 1968 in a Canadian academic journal.
References
- ^ Kaczorowski, Maya; Kaczorowski, Janusz (December 21, 2002). "Ice cream evoked headaches (ICE-H) study: randomised trial of accelerated versus cautious ice cream eating regimen". British Medical Journal. 325 (7378): 1445–1446. doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7378.1445. PMC 139031. PMID 12493658.
- Jankelowitz, SK.; Zagami, AS. (Dec 2001). "Cold-stimulus headache". Cephalalgia. 21 (10): 1002. doi:10.1046/j.1468-2982.2001.00301.x. PMID 11843876. S2CID 28861589.
- "What causes an ice cream headache?". 1 April 2000.
- "Ice cream headaches Causes - Mayo Clinic".
- "Definition of Ice cream headache". Archived from the original on 2014-09-24. Retrieved 2009-03-25.
- "The Dairy Education eBook Series - Food Science". University of Guelph.
- "Ice cream headaches - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
- "Do Cats Actually Get 'Brain Freeze' When They Eat Cold Treats? - petMD". www.petmd.com.
- Twilley, Nicola (June 8, 2024). "How the Fridge Changed Flavor". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on June 9, 2024. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
- Timbres, Harry; Timbres, Rebecca (1939). "We didn't ask Utopia: a Quaker family in Soviet Russia". Prentice Hall. Retrieved 2013-02-19.
But your nose and fingertips get quite numb, though, and if you don't keep rubbing your forehead, you get what we used to call 'an ice cream headache.'
- "Confessions of a City Literate". New Hampshire Union Leader. 27 May 1991.
- "BRAINFREEZE - Trademark Details". Justia Trademarks. Archived from the original on 2020-06-06. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
- ^ Scientific American Mind, 1555–2284, 2008, Vol. 19, Issue 1. "Brain Freeze." Andrews, Mark A., Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine.
- ^ Hulihan, Joseph (1997). "Ice cream headache". BMJ. 314 (7091): 1364. doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7091.1364. PMC 2126629. PMID 9161304.
- O’Connor, Anahad (October 11, 2010). "The Claim: 'Brain Freeze' Occurs Only on Warm Days". The New York Times. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- Kaczorowski, Maya; Kaczorowski, Janusz (December 21, 2002). "Ice cream evoked headaches (ICE-H) study: randomised trial of accelerated versus cautious ice cream eating regimen". The BMJ. 325 (7378): 1445–1446. doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7378.1445. PMC 139031. PMID 12493658.
- Welsh, Jennifer (22 April 2012). "Cause of Brain Freeze Revealed". TechMediaNetwork.com. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
- Chebini, Amokrane; Dilli, Esma (June 2019). "Cold Stimulus Headache". Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 19 (46). doi:10.1007/s11910-019-0956-5. PMID 31172287. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
- Bird, Nigel; MacGregor, Anne; Wilkinson, Marcia I. (1992). "Ice cream headache–site, duration, and relationship to migraine". Headache. 32 (1). Wiley-Blackwell: 35–8. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.1992.hed3201035.x. PMID 1555929. S2CID 45688979.
- Bonemazzi, Ilaria; Pelizza, Maria Federica; Berti, Giulia; Ancona, Claudio; Nosadini, Margherita; Sartori, Stefano; Toldo, Irene (April 2023). "Cold-Stimulus Headache in Children and Adolescents". Life. 13 (4): 973. doi:10.3390/life13040973. PMC 10144624. PMID 37109502.
- Jankelowitz, SK.; Zagami, AS. (Dec 2001). "Cold-stimulus headache". Cephalalgia. 21 (10): 1002. doi:10.1046/j.1468-2982.2001.00301.x. PMID 11843876. S2CID 28861589.
- Khoo, Anthony; Kiley, Michelle; Goadsby, Peter J (April 2020). "Managing external cold-stimulus headache with preventive naproxen". Cephalalgia Reports. 3 (4). doi:10.1177/2515816320915696. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
| Classification | D |
|---|
| Headache | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary |
| ||||||||
| Secondary |
| ||||||||
| ICHD 13 | |||||||||
| Other | |||||||||