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{{Short description|City in Bihar, India}}
----
{{About|the municipality in India|its namesake district|Muzaffarpur district}}
{{article issues|refimprove=February 2009|cleanup=February 2009|copyedit=February 2009|npov=February 2009|original research=February 2009|peacock=February 2009}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
<!-- See ] for details --> <!-- See ] for details -->
{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction | {{Infobox settlement
native_name=Muzaffarpur| | name = Muzaffarpur
| native_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->
image_map=] |
| settlement_type = City
latd = 26.07|
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Muzaffarpur Juction Railway Station.jpg | size = 280 | spacing = 1 | position = centre | border = 0 | color = white }}
longd=85.45 |
| image_caption = Muzaffarpur Junction
state_name=Bihar|
| nickname = Lychee City
district=] |
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India3
leader_title=Mayor |
| pushpin_label_position = right
leader_name= Vimla Devi Tulsyan |
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in India
altitude=60|
| map_caption = Map of City
major castes= ]
| coordinates = {{coord|26|7|21|N|85|23|26|E|display=inline,title}}
MLA= ]
| subdivision_type = ]
MP= ]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
Leading Occupation= ]
| subdivision_type1 = ]
population_as_of = 2001 |
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Bihar_Government_Banner.png}} ]
population_total = 3,73,456|
| subdivision_type2 = ]
population_density = 929|
| subdivision_name2 = ]
area_magnitude= 9|
| subdivision_type3 = ]
area_total= 3172|
| subdivision_name3 = ]
area_telephone= 0621 |
| established_title = Established
postal_code= 842001, 842002|
| established_date = 1 January 1875
vehicle_code_range= BR06|
| seat_type = ]
Sex ratio (females/per 1000 males) = 906|
| seat = ]
Literacy rate (%)= 36.11 (male 48.44, female 22.3|
| leader_title = Member of Parliament
unlocode=INBOM |
| leader_name = ]
website=www.muzaffarpur.nic.in |
| unit_pref = Metric
footnotes = |
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 91
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 60
| population_total = 354462<ref name="census_india"/>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_rank = ] (Bihar)<br />] (India)
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = ]
| demographics_type1 = ] Other Local Language
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = ]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title= second Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=]|access-date=21 December 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional&nbsp;official
| demographics1_info2 = ]<ref name="langoff"/>
| demographics1_title3 = Regional Languages
| demographics1_info3 = ]<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhojpuri |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bho |website=Ethnologue |access-date=22 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
| demographics1_title4 =
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = ]
| postal_code = 842001-05 (Muzaffarpur)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiapincodes.net/Bihar/Muzaffarpur/|title=Pin Codes of Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India, Muzaffarpur Pincode Search|website=indiapincodes.net}}</ref>
| area_code = 0621
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = ]-06
| blank1_name_sec1 = ]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 890 (females per thousand males)<ref name="census2011"/>]/]
| website = {{URL|muzaffarpur.bih.nic.in/}}
| leader_title1 = Member of Legislative Council
| leader_name1 = ]
| leader_title2 = Member of Legislative Assembly
| leader_name2 = Vijendra Chaudhary<ref>{{cite news |title=Muzaffarpurchunav 2020: क्या इस बार मंत्री जी लगाएंगे हैट्रिक या पूर्व विधायक विजेंद्र चौधरी करेंगे वापसी? |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-will-the-minister-impose-hat-trick-or-former-mla-vijendra-chaudhary-will-come-this-time-in-muzaffarpur-election2020-20997788.html |access-date=18 November 2020 |work=Dainik Jagran |date=1 November 2020 |language=hi}}</ref>
| leader_title3 = Mayor
| leader_name3 = Nirmala Sahu
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 85.16%<ref name="census2011"/>
| blank3_name_sec1 = ] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = ]
| blank4_name_sec1 = ] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = ]
}} }}
'''Muzaffarpur''' ({{audio|Muzaffarpur.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a city located in ] in the Tirhut region of the Indian state of ].<ref name="census2011">{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Cities having population 3 lakh and above | work = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | publisher = Government of India | access-date = 16 April 2012 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date = 7 May 2012 | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="census_india">{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 3 lakh and above | work = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | publisher = Government of India | access-date = 16 April 2012 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152754/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_3Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date = 13 November 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> It serves as the headquarters of the ], the ] and the Muzaffarpur Railway District.It is the fourth most populous city in Bihar.


Muzaffarpur is famous for ]s and is known as the Lychee Kingdom.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/shahi-litchi-to-get-gi-tag-soon/articleshow/64900499.cms|title=Bihar's famous Shahi litchi to get GI tag soon|newspaper=] |date=8 July 2018 }}</ref><ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722044101/http://bstdc.bih.nic.in/Vaishali.htm|date=22 July 2015}}. Bstdc.bih.nic.in. Retrieved on 9 January 2011.</ref> Shahi lychee is the fourth product from Bihar, after jardalu mango, katarni rice and Magahi paan (betel leaf) to get the ] (GI) tag. The city is situated on the banks of the perennial ], which flows from the Someshwar Hills<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/54830331/8/A-River-System-in-Bihar |title=bihar |publisher=Scribd.com |access-date=2 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108174043/http://www.scribd.com/doc/54830331/8/A-River-System-in-Bihar |archive-date=8 November 2012 }}</ref> of the ].
'''Muzaffarpur''' {{audio|Muzaffarpur.ogg|pronunciation}} is a town in ] in the ]n ] of ]. It is headquarters of the district.


==Etymology==
The town of Muzaffarpur, famous for ] , is the largest city of North Bihar. It is situated on the banks of a ] glacier-fed , perennial river Burhi/Budhi ]. It has won international encomiums for its delicious Shahi Leechi and China Leechi.In British period ,world famous American writer and Novelist ] , while visiting this town has written in his book -"] ",Ch LVII .........a great region which was an endless garden miles of the beautiful flower from whose juice comes the opium,and at Muzaffarpore we were in the midst of the ] ].Father of the Indian nation , ] came to Muzaffarpur in 1918 on his way to ] to redress grievances of the Champaran indigo farmers .In his autobiography ,, Chapter -"The Gentle Bihari", he has written how he passed some delightful days in Muzaffarpur. In 1902, ] Winner Indian Bengali poet ] was accorded civic reception by the citizens of Muzaffarpur Town. In 1908, the first bomb outrage,a sign of militant ], occurred at Muzaffarpur and ],a Bengali boy, offered his life for the freedom of India.
The current city was established in 1875 during the ] for administrative convenience, by dividing the ] district and was named after an '']'', Muzaffar Khan; thus the city came to be known as ''Muzaffarpur''.<ref name=book1>{{cite book |last1=Faizi |first1=Amir Afaque Ahmad |title=Self-help Groups and Marginalised Communities |date=2009 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-8069-621-3 |page=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PVNg-i-nx_MC&q=muzaffarpur |access-date=20 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
] , the first President of Indian Republic was,for some time, a Professor in Local College , named Langat Singh College. This college has also seen the names like late Mahadevi Verma and Acharya Kriplani as professors.
Muzaffarpur Town is one of the many Gateways to ] . Clothes and food-grains are traded between ] and Muzaffarpur.Babu Devaki Nandan Khatri , author of Chandrakanta Santati , was born in the village of Benibad.Hundreds of thousands of people learnt Hindi so that they could read Chadrakanta Santati.

<!--{{Location map|India|float=none|width=250|label=]|lat=26.07|long=85.45|caption=Muzaffarpur is a major city of North Bihar famous for Lichhi}}-->

==Geography==
Muzaffarpur is the place where the world famous poet and scholar in English and Hindi, Dr. Samiran Kumar Paul is living.His forefathers were from Pal Dynasty rulers in Bihar and Bengal.₳
Muzaffarpur is located at {{coord|26.12|N|85.4|E|}}<ref></ref>. The town lies in a highly active ] zone of India. In the disastrous earthquake on 15 Jan , 1934 ,much of the town suffered sever damages and loss of lives .It has an average elevation of 47&nbsp;meters (154&nbsp;feet). This sauacer shaped ,low-centered town lies on the great Indo-Gangetic plain of Bihar,over the Himalayan silt and sand ,brought by the glacier and rain fed meandering rivers of the Great Himalayas . The soil of the town is highly fertile ,well drained , sandy type ,white colored and very soft to touch and till . The land scape is soothing green round the year.The town is surrounded by the flood plains in green settings dotted with sweetwater ponds and crescent old river channels , with sparkling whitish sandy river banks and unpolluted air and water. Numerous private fruit orchards and idyllic rivers are ideal for picnics/adventures/camping/outings, though local tourism is conspicuous by its absence. The city has a water table just 20 ft. below ground level and ] is green throughout the year.The city has a non-operational civil Aerodrome,Patahi, belonging to the ] with an air strip of 4000 ft. length.

Muzaffarpur now is a rapidly growing city. The growth in the last decade has been phenomenal. Thousands of villagers migrated to this town from nearby villages in the rapid urbanization in post-independence India. But this has created serious law and order problems in the past.The drainage system and garbage disposal system is now disorderly and practically non-existent .
The downtown areas of Muzaffarpur are known as Kalyani and Saraiyagunj. Both areas are densely populated with small shops selling a plethora of goods and services, in colourful settings and buzzing with large crowds. Motijheel is the main shopping area. Chakkar Maidan (Oval) is a place where there is small settlement of the ] non-departmental unit 151 Inf Bn (TA) JAT. Muzaffarpur Town has some ancient temples like Baba Garib Nath(] Temple) , Chaturbhuj-sthan, Raj Rajeswar Devi Kali(]), Temple of Raj Darbhanga and Kalibari, the ] temple . There are also several large and small places of worship of other religious communities like the ] (Gurudwara at Ramna), Rama Krishna Ashram ( in Bela - mithan pura ) Muslims (Badi masjid at Company Bagh), Buddhists, ], ], etc.


==History== ==History==
The city was founded in 18th century during British Raj period and was constituted a municipality in 1864. A major road and rail hub, it is a trade centre on the route between Patna (south) and Nepal (north). ], ], ], ], ] and sugar milling alongside cutlery manufacturing are the chief industries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Muzaffarpur|title = Muzaffarpur &#124; India| date=19 September 2024 }}</ref>
{{main|Muzaffarpur district}}


In 1972, the ] and ] districts were split off from Muzaffarpur.<ref name="Statoids">{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 11 October 2011 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 25 September 2011 | work = Statoids | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111017155710/http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | archive-date = 17 October 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>
<!-- Missing image removed: ] -->
Muzaffarpur , 'The Land Of Leechi' was created in 1860s for the sake of administrative convenience by splitting up the earlier district of Tirhut. The present town of Muzaffarpur came into existence in the 18th century and named after ], an Amil (Revenue Officer) under British Dynasty.


==Geography==
The recorded history of the district dates back to the rise of the Vrijjan Republic. The center of political power also shifted from ] to ]. The Vrijjan Republic was a confederation of eight clans of which the Licchavis were the most powerful and influential. Even the powerful kingdom of ] had to conclude matrimonial alliances in 519 B.C. with the neighboring estates of the Licchavis. Ajatshatru invaded ] and extended his sway over ]. It was at this time that ] (the modern ]) was founded at the village Patali on the banks of the sacred river ] and ] built an invincible fortress to keep vigil over the Licchavis on the other side of the river. ], 40&nbsp;km from Muzaffarpur is believed to be the village home of ], the famous Royal court dancer of ].
Muzaffarpur is located at {{Coord|26.12|N|85.4|E|format=dms}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/34/Muzaffarpur.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321225654/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/34/Muzaffarpur.html|url-status=dead|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Muzaffarpur, India|archive-date=21 March 2008|website=fallingrain.com}}</ref> The city lies in a highly active ] of India. In the disastrous ], much of the town suffered severe damage and many people died.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106111128/http://www.harappa.com/mom/dec98.html |date=6 January 2009 }}. Harappa.com (15 January 1934). Retrieved on 9 January 2011.</ref> It has an average elevation of 47&nbsp;meters (154&nbsp;feet). This saucer shaped, low-centered town lies on the great ] of ], over ] silt and sand brought by the glacier-fed and rain-fed meandering rivers of the Himalayas.


===Climate===
From the visit of the ]'s till the rise of the Pala dynasty, area was under the control of Harsha Vardhan, a powerful sovereign of North India. After 647 A.D. The district passed on to the local chiefs. In the 8th century A.D. the Pala kings continued to have their hold over ] until 1019 A.D. Chedi kings of Central ] also exercised their influence over ] till they were replaced by the rulers of the Sena dynasty towards the close of the 11the century.
Muzaffarpur has a ] (Cwa) under the ]. The summer, between April and June, is extremely hot and humid (28–40&nbsp;°C, 90% max). and winter is pleasantly cool, around 6-20&nbsp;°C. Rainfall in Muzaffarpur City is comparatively less compared to other parts of Bihar.


{{Weather box
Between 1211 & 1226, Ghais-u-ddin Iwaz, the ruler of ], was the first Muslim invader of ]. He, however, could not succeed in conquering the kingdom but extorted tributes. It was in 1323 that Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq established his control over the district.
| location = Muzaffarpur (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2009)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 30.8
| Feb record high C = 34.6
| Mar record high C = 39.4
| Apr record high C = 42.2
| May record high C = 44.5
| Jun record high C = 43.4
| Jul record high C = 43.5
| Aug record high C = 40.6
| Sep record high C = 38.2
| Oct record high C = 35.9
| Nov record high C = 33.2
| Dec record high C = 29.6
| year record high C = 44.5
| Jan high C = 21.9
| Feb high C = 25.7
| Mar high C = 31.0
| Apr high C = 35.3
| May high C = 35.2
| Jun high C = 34.9
| Jul high C = 32.6
| Aug high C = 33.0
| Sep high C = 32.3
| Oct high C = 31.6
| Nov high C = 28.7
| Dec high C = 24.3
| year high C = 30.5
| Jan low C = 10.2
| Feb low C = 13.1
| Mar low C = 17.2
| Apr low C = 22.0
| May low C = 24.7
| Jun low C = 26.5
| Jul low C = 26.6
| Aug low C = 26.8
| Sep low C = 25.8
| Oct low C = 22.4
| Nov low C = 16.3
| Dec low C = 11.8
| year low C = 20.3
| Jan record low C = 2.7
| Feb record low C = 2.2
| Mar record low C = 7.2
| Apr record low C = 12.6
| May record low C = 18.3
| Jun record low C = 19.4
| Jul record low C = 20.9
| Aug record low C = 20.6
| Sep record low C = 19.6
| Oct record low C = 14.4
| Nov record low C = 7.7
| Dec record low C = 4.0
| year record low C = 2.2
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 10.4
| Feb rain mm = 11.5
| Mar rain mm = 8.4
| Apr rain mm = 20.2
| May rain mm = 71.5
| Jun rain mm = 160.1
| Jul rain mm = 294.5
| Aug rain mm = 287.6
| Sep rain mm = 208.5
| Oct rain mm = 65.4
| Nov rain mm = 4.3
| Dec rain mm = 4.6
| year rain mm = 1147.1
| Jan rain days = 0.8
| Feb rain days = 0.9
| Mar rain days = 0.8
| Apr rain days = 1.4
| May rain days = 4.3
| Jun rain days = 6.8
| Jul rain days = 12.7
| Aug rain days = 11.5
| Sep rain days = 8.8
| Oct rain days = 2.2
| Nov rain days = 0.3
| Dec rain days = 0.5
| year rain days = 51.0
| time day = 17:30 ]
| Jan humidity = 77
| Feb humidity = 66
| Mar humidity = 54
| Apr humidity = 49
| May humidity = 60
| Jun humidity = 72
| Jul humidity = 82
| Aug humidity = 82
| Sep humidity = 82
| Oct humidity = 77
| Nov humidity = 74
| Dec humidity = 78
| year humidity = 71
| source 1 = ]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Muzaffarpur Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 513–514
| access-date = 24 August 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M36
| access-date = 24 August 2020}}</ref>
}}


Muzaffarpur has been ranked 32nd best "National Clean Air City" under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |access-date=17 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=India - National Clean Air Programme }}</ref>
Towards the close of the 14th century the whole of North ] including ] passed on to the kings of Jaunpur and remained under their control for nearly a century until Sikandar Lodi of Delhi defeated the king of Jaunpur. Meanwhile, Hussain Shah, the Nawab of ] had become so powerful that he exercised his control over large tracts including Tirhut. The emperor of Delhi advanced against Hussain Shah in 1499 and got control over ] after defeating its Raja. The power of the Nawabs of Bengal began to wane and with the decline and fall of Mahood Shah, north ] including ] formed a part of the mighty Mughal Empire. Though Muzaffarpur with the entire north ] had been annexed yet the petty powerful chieftains continued to exercise effective control over this area till the days of Daud Khan, the Nawab of ]. Daud Khan had his stronghold at ] and Hajipur and after his fall a separate Subah of ] was constituted under the ] dynasty and ] formed a part of it.


==Demographics==
The victory of ] in 1764 at the battle of Buxar gave them control over whole of ] and they succeeded in subduing the entire district. The success of the insurgent at ] in 1857 caused grave concern to the English inhabitants in this district and revolutionary fervor began to permeate the entire district. Muzaffarpur played its role and was the site of the famous bomb case of 1908. The young East Bengali Hindu revolutionary, Khudi Ram Bose, a boy of barely 18 years was hanged for throwing the bomb at the carriage of Pringle Kennedy who was actually mistaken for Kingsford, the District Judge of Muzaffarpur. After independence, a memorial to this young revolutionary patriot was constructed at Muzaffarpur, which still stands. The visit of ] along with eminent nationalists like Anugrah Narayan Sinha,Sri Krishna Singh to Muzaffarpur in December 1918 and again in January 1927 had tremendous political effect in arousing the latent feelings of the people and the district continued to play a prominent role in the country's struggle for freedom. Muzaffarpur also played a critical role in the ] revolution. Many local freedom fighters of Muzaffarpur were pivotal in Indian independence struggle in India.
As of the 2011 India census,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Muzaffarpur had a population of 393,724.<ref name="census_india"/><!-- ''NOT'' the district, which is covered in a separate article! --> Males constituted 52.96% (208,509) of the population and females 47.04% (185,215).<ref name="census_india"/> Muzaffarpur had a literacy rate of 85.16%. Male literacy was 88.83%, and female literacy was 81.05%.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Cities having population 3 lakh and above |website=Census India |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |access-date=2024-05-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |archive-date=7 May 2012 }}</ref>
Muzaffarpur was mainly populated by Bengali Collectors, Commissioners, Businessmen, Industrialista, Land-owners, Professors , Engineers, lawyers and many others since the period of The British Rule and even after independence up to early seventies.Bengalis have very remarkable contribution in bringing the city from antiquity to Modernity.


As per 2011 census data, there are total 275,233 Hindus whereas 74,680 Muslims and 1,352 Christians along with other small minorities.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-population.html |title = Muzaffarpur District Population, Bihar, List of Taluks in Muzaffarpur}}</ref>
== Climate ==


{{Pie chart
The summer, April-June is extremely hot and humid (28/40 deg C,90% Max.) and winter is pleasntly cold, around 06/20 deg C .The air pollution is comparatively less ,so the air is comparatively clean.Best months to visit are Oct-Mar.It is better to avoid visits in summer and monsoon ( Mid Jun to Sep) due to prolonged power-cuts ,heat and rain flooding in the town.
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Muzaffarpur (2011)
|label1 = ]
|value1 = 77.65
|color1 = Orange
|label2 = ]
|value2 = 21.07
|color2 = Green
|label3 = Other
|value3 = 1.28
|color3 = Grey
}}


==Economy== ==Economy==
]
Now-a-days Muzaffarpur is famous for exporting lichi .Long ago ,the area was famous for hand-woven textiles , ] ,Indigo, Opium etc. The district has a few sugar mills - now old and dilapidated. It has been the commercial hub of North Bihar and the wholesale market of all types of ] , ] and ] ] mills in famous ] community dominated Suta Patti.Commodities wholesalers are in "Gola" Market of Saraiyagunj. Commercial hub of the town is Motijheel.
In 2006 the ] named Muzaffarpur one of the country's 250 ] (out of a total of ]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref>


===Lychee===
Muzaffarpur area is largely an agricultural based ]. The principal agricultural crops are rice, wheat, pulses , jute, maize and oil seeds. Cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, radish, carrot, beet-root etc. are some of the vegetables . Rice and wheat account for the major portion of the gross area sown. Maize is the next important crop for the district. Sugar cane, potato and barley are some of the non-cereal crops grown. The district is famous for delicious-mango and ], which are exported to other parts of the country & even abroad.
]
Main livestock of the town includes cows, buffaloes, bulls and bullocks, sheep, goats and pigs and poultary .
The ] crop, which is available from May to June, is mainly cultivated in the districts of Muzaffarpur and surrounding districts. Cultivation of litchi covers approximately an area of about 25,800 hectares producing about 300,000 tonnes every year. Litchi are exported to big cities of India like Mumbai, Kolkata, and even to other countries. India's share in the world litchi market amounts to less than 1%. The names of the litchi produced in Muzaffarpur are ''Shahi'' and '']''. The fruits are known for excellent aroma and quality.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac684e/ac684e08.htm |title=7. Lychee Production in India |publisher=Fao.org |date=31 May 1992 |access-date=2 August 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117223239/http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac684e/ac684e08.htm |archive-date=17 November 2014 }}</ref>
Muzaffarpur Town has several Industries, big and small. Prabhat Zarda Factory , Bharat Wagon and Engineering Ltd. , 220 MW thermal power plant,at present defunct , Bihar Drugs & Organic Chemicals Ltd., Muzaffarpur - a unit of IDPL , units of Leather Develop­ment Corporation, Muzaffarpur Dairy, a unit of the Bihar State Dairy Corporation unit Bihar State Cooperative Milk Producers' Federation Ltd, Muzaffarpur producing Sudha brand packaged milk are the major industries located in Muzaffarpur town and its periphery. The above industries have generated considerable employment and have also been helpful in establishing a number of small industries including a few cottage industries. The most important item that is manufactured in Muzaffarpur town is railway wagon. Muzaffarpur town is a important centre for the wholesale cloth trade . Agro-based Industries are also established in the town.


Bihar's contribution in the production of lychee in about 40 percent of lychee produced in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=162221|title=Bihar is the top litchi producing State, about 300 thousand metric tonnes of litchi is being produced from 32 thousand hectare areas: Shri Radha Mohan Singh|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref>
Hotels: There are a few hotels with A.C. and non-A.C. rooms.


Bihar has emerged as a brewery hub with major domestic and foreign firms setting up production units in the state. ]'s group, ], is setting up a production unit to make litchi-flavoured wine, in Muzaffarpur in 2012. The company has leased litchi gardens.<ref name="Bihar emerging as brewery hub">{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/cons-products/liquor/bihar-emerging-as-brewery-hub/articleshow/11509175.cms |title=Bihar emerging as brewery hub |newspaper=Economic Times |access-date=16 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524125923/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/cons-products/liquor/bihar-emerging-as-brewery-hub/articleshow/11509175.cms |archive-date=24 May 2014 |date=16 January 2012 }}</ref>
==Litchi==
<!-- Missing image removed: ] -->
Litchi crop which is available from May to June only is mainly cultivated in the districts of ], ], ], West & East Chaparan, ] and ] in area of about 25.27 thousand hectare with total production of about 3 Lakhs tones which is roughly 70% of national output in 54% of the area under litchi plantation in the country. The quality of litchi exported from ] is considered to be best though]'s share would amount to less than 1%.


Muzaffarpur based Prabhat Zarda Factory is one of the leading tobacco manufacturers of India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sinha |first1=Nishant |title=Sale of tobacco products legal |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/sale-of-tobacco-products-legal/cid/1360913 |access-date=17 January 2020 |work=The Telegraph |date=20 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref>
==Demographics==
As of 2001 India ]<ref>{{GR|India}}</ref>, Muzaffarpur city had a population of 305,465. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Muzaffarpur has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 62%, and female literacy is 57%. In Muzaffarpur, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.


=== Lahti Bangles ===
As of 2001,Muzaffarpur district had a population of 3,743,836, out of which 1,941,480 was male population and 1802356 was female population. Male to feamle population ratio for the district was 1000:928. The district has an average literacy rate of 48.15%:male literacy is 60.19%, and female literacy is 35.20%.
The production and sales of Lahti bangles is also very prominent in city. Bollywood actress ] also wore the Lahti bangles of the city at her marriage. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-10-18 |title=Aishwarya Rai's Muzaffarpur connection |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/aishwarya-rais-muzaffarpur-connection/articleshow/16858269.cms |access-date=2023-12-08 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>


==Transport==
Many languages are spoken in Muzaffarpur. The major dialect of the region is Vajjika,-a close mix of Maithili and Bhojpuri. ] is the official language. Other dialects from other regions of Bihar spoken are Angika, Bhojpuri, Bengali and Maithili.
===Railways===
]
] ('''MFP''')<ref>{{cite web |title=Muzaffarpur Jn |url=https://www.railyatri.in/stations/muzaffarpur-jn-mfp
|website=www.railyatri.in
|access-date=18 August 2022
|language=en}}</ref> is a main '''A1 Category''' railway junction in '''Sonpur Division''' of '''East Central Railway''', having total 8 platforms, with three suburban stations, Ram Dayalu Nagar, Narayanpur Anant (Sherpur), Kaparpura and Jubba Sahni. More than 200 trains regularly visits this 136+ year old railway junction.


===Roads===
==Cuisine and Drinks==
]
There is no specific ,authentic and purely "Muzaffarpur cuisine"
] comes via ], ], ] and crosses Muzaffarpur and ] goes to ], ]. The ] crosses Muzaffarpur thus connecting it to all the major towns and cities in India. ] starting from ] passes through Muzaffarpur and connects Muzaffarpur to ]. ] connects ] and Muzaffarpur to ], all 6 National Highways having junction there.
as such and most of the cuisine can at best be termed as regional cuisine.The basic ingredients are rice,wheat-flour,variety of lentils,green,yellow,root and leafy vegetables,Indian spices ,ground nut oil,Mustard seed oil,Ghee ,Surar and jaggery etc.The breakfast of ethnic variety- Jalebi,Poori,Samosa,Potato curry -all hot and staming served with propreitery variety of Chutneys,finished with Milk Tea are available in a few Restaurants.
Indianised Chinese dishes -mainly noodles,Tandoori and South Indian dishes are also eaten and relished. Most of the ethnic cuisine and special dishes are cooked during festivals , Religious functions and Marriages. Now-a-days ethnic cuisines have given way to the oily ,hot and spicy foods of Pan-India type.
] is a fermented juice from ] has about 5%-8% v/v alcohol,is very popular as poorman's Beer in Muzaffarpur Town.
Desserts- Khaja, Motichoor ka Ladoo, Kala Jamun, Kesaria Peda and Parwal ki Mithai etc. ,but these are common to all over the province.
'''Rice flour Paratha''' which is ]-like,made from rice powder dough made in boiling water and fried in] / ].'''Marua''''s ] with noni-ka-saag are local dishes liked both by the rich and poor.
'''''Pittha''''', made by powdered rice /wheat dough with sttuffed ground gram(chana) or Milk's khoya etc.
'''Bagedi''',a small sparrow sized bird ,now declared protected,was delicate table bird ,cooked with spicy curry or dry.
'''''Chiwra''''', beaten rice, (a)served with a coat of creamy curd and sugar or jaggery or salt,(b) Deep fried till brown and eaten with red pepper,salt etc.But it is not a purely local food.
Makhana kheer-A milk -sugar ] is prepared from water plant seeds ](a kind of dry fruit)-brought from adjoining ] district .This is also taken puffed .
'''''Makuni''',a stuffed paratha with (ingredients:baked gram powder i.e.], onion,chilli, pickles,mustard oil, salt,etc.
'''Dal Pithi'''is wheat flour cakes boiled in delicious ,spicy dal i.e.].Chakka,Bachka,Kachri(Not Kachori),Phulori-all resembling Pakodas- are local oil fried Vegetable+Lentil powder mixture. Sawa /Kauni rice Kheer (Pudding) are also very popular.
A variety of spicy dry,baked ,fried,deep fried and curried Mutton ] , ] , fish and ] are prepared and eaten.] and a few ] dishes, such as ],] , duly Indianised are home cooked and relished by some people.Pre and post dinner Beetel (Paan)Chewing-mainly dashed with (Zarda ) scented and finely cut , premium variety tobacco is very popular .


==Education== ===Airport===
] ('''IATA: MZU, ICAO: VEMZ''')<ref>{{cite web |title=Muzaffarpur Airport |url=https://centreforaviation.com/data/profiles/airports/muzaffarpur-airport-mzu
Muzaffarpur is the 3rd leading centre of education in ] after ] and ]. It has a medical and an engineering college and is seat of one of the oldest universities of Bihar (Bihar University, now known as ]. L.S.College is one of the oldest college here. The first President of Indian Republic - "Dr Rajendra Prasad" was a teacher in the Greer Bhumihiar Brahman College, Muzaffarpur.
|website=centreforaviation.com
|access-date=16 August 2022
|language=en}}</ref> is located in Patahi of Muzaffarpur city (besides NH 722 '''Muzaffarpur - ]''' (Rewa Ghat)) in the state of Bihar, India. It was operable from 1967 to 1982, on a regular basis. Currently it is not in operations, commercially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Muzaffarpur Airport (Bihar) |url=http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/muzzafarpur.jsp
|website=www.aai.aero
|access-date=16 August 2022
|language=en}}</ref>


] is the nearest domestic airport roughly 64&nbsp;km away by road. ] is the nearest customs airport roughly 70&nbsp;km from the city.
Educational institutions:
* ''']''' (1954) - Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology is a premier technical institution of eastern India established in 1954. MIT, Muzaffarpur is under administrative control of department of science and technology and wholly funded by Govt. of Bihar. It is affiliated to B.R.A. Bihar University and offers UG courses in seven streams of engineering with postgraduate specialisation in Machine design and thermal engineering. The institute caters to the research and development activities of the state of Bihar.


==Education==
* '''S.K.Medical College''' (1969)
{{Cleanup list|section|date=June 2023}}
* ''']''' (earlier Bihar University) - Bihar University is a public university located in the north prime of Bihar state in the city of Muzaffarpur in India. Established in 1960, this university has 37 constituent colleges. Distance education courses are also offered. Besides, the university also organizes symposia, seminars and workshops. The university is a premier institution of teaching and learning in the city and offers various full-time and part-time courses ranging from undergraduate to postgraduate and research level. The university also acts as an affiliated link between several colleges and institutes located across the state in providing higher education such as:
=== University ===
<!-- Missing image removed: ] -->
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a university to this list if it already has its own article on the English Misplaced Pages ♦♦♦--->
* '''Langat Singh College''' (Estd : July 3, 1899) - This the oldest college of Muzaffarpur. Langat Singh College affiliated to the University of Bihar had the likes of ] (a famous ] poet), ] (the first ]), and Acharya J. B. Kriplani as its faculty members.
* ]
* '''L.N.Mishra College of Business Management'''.
* '''M.D.D.M. College''' - "Mahant Darshan Das Mahila College".
* '''R.D.S. College'''
* '''R.M.L College''' - This college is named after Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia.
* '''S.K.J. Law College''' - This college is named after Shree Shreekrishna singh , the first chief minister of bihar , established in year 1948, is one of the premier law college in state of bihar ,
*'''Nitishwar College''' - This College named after Nitishwar Singh.
*


===Colleges===
*'''Zila School'''- established in British Raj ,produced numerous alumni, now spread all over the world. excellent symbol of British architecture especially its convocation hall.
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a college to this list if it already has its own article on the English Misplaced Pages ♦♦♦--->
* Kendriya Vidyalaya Muzaffarpur.(Largely Known as Central School in India.It is situated in gannipur locality in Muzafarpur,It was opened for Govt. Employee's sons & daughters. It has branches all over the world very much like embassies.It follows CBSE curriculum.
*]
*]
*
*]
*]
*]
*]


===Schools ===
* Prabhat Tara SchoolChurch run - One of the oldest and most reputed schools having many distinguished alumni in India and abroad. The school has the largest and the most beautiful campus among all the schools in Muzaffarpur.
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a school to this list if it already has its own article on the English Misplaced Pages ♦♦♦--->
*]
*DAV Public School, Malighat<ref>{{cite web |title=DAV Public School |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/dav-public-school-malighat-muzaffarpur |website=school.careers360.com |access-date=26 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
*DAV Public School, Bakhri<ref>{{cite web |title=D.A.V. Ppublic School |url=https://schools.org.in/muzaffarpur/10140809403/d-a-v-public-school-bakhari.html |website=schools.org.in |access-date=26 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
*Prabhat Tara School
*North Point Children's School
*G.D Mother International School
*Holy Mission Senior Secondary School, Dighra<ref>{{cite web |title=Holy Mission Senior Secondary School |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/holy-mission-senior-secondary-school-bangra-muzaffarpur |website=school.career360.com |access-date=30 September 2022|language=en}}</ref>
*Oxford Senior Secondary School, Raghunathpur,<ref>{{cite web |title=Oxford Senior Secondary School|url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/oxford-senior-secondary-school-raghunathpura-muzaffarpur |website=school.career360.com |access-date=30 September 2022|language=en}}</ref>
*St. Joseph's Senior Secondary School<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Joseph's Senior Secondary School |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/st-josephs-senior-secondary-school-bangra-muzaffarpur |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=school.careers360.com |language=en}}</ref>
*St. Xavier International School, Adarsh Gram<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Xavier International School |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/st-xavier-international-school-adarshgram-muzaffarpur |website=school.careers360.com |access-date=26 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
*Shanti Niketan Awasiya Bal Vidyalaya, Shantinagar, Ahiyapur,<ref>{{cite web |title=Shanti Niketan Awasiya Bal Vidyalaya |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/shanti-niketan-awasiya-bal-vidyalaya-ahiyapur-muzaffarpur |website=school.career360.com |access-date=30 September 2022|language=en}}</ref>


==Notable people==
]: freedom fighter, Socialist Leader, editor and Hindi writer]]<!--Arranged alphabetically per LAST NAMES-->
* '''Pristine Children's High School''', Majholia Road - The school affiliated to C.B.S.E. is providing quality education in the town since more than 25 years.
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Misplaced Pages ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
*], political activist and freedom fighter
*] Indian freedom movement activist, eminent writer of ]
*], sports spectator and fan of the ]
*], he was a prominent freedom fighter and Scholar. ] stayed at his home when he visited Motihari and started ]
*], Indian politician, Member of 17th Lok Sabha
*], the author of ''Chandrakanta'' (in Hindi)
*], founder and ex-CEO of TVF
*], Indian cricketer
*], Bollywood actress
*], a Bollywood playback singer
*], Indian politician and member of parliament from Muzaffarpur Lok Sabha Constituency of Bihar.
*], Indian politician, Member of 17th Lok Sabha
*], famous entrepreneur who founded Shri Krishna Medical College & Hospital ( SKMCH), Muzaffarpur.
*], India's first president, worked as a professor of English in ]
*], freedom fighter
*], Member Rajya Sabha, 1984–1996
*], Educator in the US
*] media executive and former journalist, president of ], ], and chairman of ] and ]
*], Hindi poet, writer and critic
*] revolutionary hanged by the British in 1934
*] revolutionary, Indian freedom movement activist, served time at ]
*] revolutionary, Indian freedom movement activist
*], diplomat and freedom fighter
*], Indian politician
*], Indian politician and educationalist
*], Indian Entrepreneur, Founder and CEO of ZZED Media
*], former Governor of Goa (2014{{ndash}}2019)
*], TV actress
*], Music composer
*], Member of Legislative Assembly
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Misplaced Pages ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->


==See also==
* S.A.V. School - The first C.B.S.E affiliated school in Muzaffarpur .
* '']''
* St. Michael's School- One of the leading schools in the early 90's when still more than 60% of people were illiterate.
* ]
* ]
* ]


==References==
* D.A.V. Public School - Many students of this school are now highly placed in India and abroad. in the year 2007-08 the school had a magnificent record for 10TH board with Abhishek chowdhary on the first place in district. many students got more than 90% including Shubham, Shamweel Anjum,Shishir etc...
{{Reflist}}

*The JPS(The Jaintpur Public School),Maripur- It is one of the best schools of Muzaffarpur.Many students of this school are highly placed and many of them are pursuing their higher education from IITs, Medicals and other engineering colleges. The chairperson of this school(smt. Usha Sinha) had been the education minister of Bihar during Congress rule.

* IGNOU Study Centre - 0504
* St.Mary's School
* St. Xavier's School

R.D.S.College- .It is named after Babu Ram Dayalu Singh, the first assembly speaker of Bihar.It is now one of the premier colleges of Bihar.The college has columns of buildings and three ponds.There are four faculties here-Science. Arts, Commerce,and Geography.Still students from West Bengal, Assam, Orrissa and Kerala come to study coomerce and English.

==People born in Muzaffarpur==
*] freedom fighter, nationalist, socialist and eminent writer of ].
*Sir ] -]'s first ambassador to ] and later an ambassador to ] (from 1958) and also the second ] of ] in 1953 and then governor of ] from 1980 to 1985.<ref name=upgovernor>{{cite web
| url = http://upgovernor.gov.in/singhbio.htm
| title = Shri. Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh
| work = ] web site
| publisher = ]
| date =
| accessdate = 2008-08-19
}}</ref>
*] Pankaj Rag was born in Muzaffarpur, ], in 1964.<ref name="etimes">{{cite news
| url = http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Features/Special_Pages/Business_of_Bollywood/Pankaj_Rag_The_perfect_relacement_for_Tripurari_Sharan/articleshow/2846557.cms
| title = Pankaj Rag: The perfect relacement for Tripurari Sharan
| publisher = ]
| date = 2008-03-08
| accessdate = 2008-11-14
}}</ref> He attended ] and graduated in ].<ref name="etimes"/> He then did his ] in ] from ].<ref name="etimes"/> A renowned poet, he has had several of his works published.<ref name="etimes"/> His articles on modern Indian history, especially on nationalism and the 1857 revolt have been published in renowned journals such as the Social Scientist.<ref name="etimes"/> Rag has also been the Commissioner of Directorate of Archeology, Archives and Museums in Bhopal.<ref name="etimes"/> His interest in films is evident in his massive collection of songs as well as some extensive research in films and culture which this 1990 batch IAS officer has done.<ref name="etimes"/> Two years ago, Rag authored a book on film music directors from 1931 to 2005 which was published in 2006.<ref name="etimes"/>
*] eminent freedom fighter,nationalist and Member of Constituent Aseembly.
*]: politician, Union Minister.
*]: politician, MLA


==External links== ==External links==
* {{Commons category|Muzaffarpur}}
*
* *
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Muzaffarpur|short=x}}
*
*
*
* ]
*

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Tirhut Division}}


{{Tirhut Division|Collapsed}}
]
{{Bihar}}
]
{{Authority control}}


]
]
]
]
]
]
]
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]

Latest revision as of 14:55, 20 December 2024

City in Bihar, India This article is about the municipality in India. For its namesake district, see Muzaffarpur district.

City in Bihar, India
Muzaffarpur
City
Muzaffarpur Junction
Nickname: Lychee City
Muzaffarpur is located in BiharMuzaffarpurMuzaffarpurLocation in IndiaShow map of BiharMuzaffarpur is located in IndiaMuzaffarpurMuzaffarpurMuzaffarpur (India)Show map of India
Coordinates: 26°7′21″N 85°23′26″E / 26.12250°N 85.39056°E / 26.12250; 85.39056
Country India
State Bihar
DistrictMuzaffarpur
DivisionTirhut
Established1 January 1875
Municipal CorporationMuzaffarpur Municipal Corporation
Government
 • Member of ParliamentRaj Bhushan Choudhary
 • Member of Legislative CouncilDinesh Prasad Singh
 • Member of Legislative AssemblyVijendra Chaudhary
 • MayorNirmala Sahu
Area
 • Total91 km (35 sq mi)
Elevation60 m (200 ft)
Population
 • Total354,462
 • Rank4nd (Bihar)
127th (India)
Language Other Local Language
 • OfficialHindi
 • Additional officialEnglish
 • Regional LanguagesBhojpuri
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN842001-05 (Muzaffarpur)
Telephone code0621
Vehicle registrationBR-06
Sex ratio890 (females per thousand males)♂/♀
Literacy85.16%
Lok Sabha constituencyMuzaffarpur
Vidhan Sabha constituencyMuzaffarpur
Websitemuzaffarpur.bih.nic.in

Muzaffarpur (pronunciation) is a city located in Muzaffarpur district in the Tirhut region of the Indian state of Bihar. It serves as the headquarters of the Tirhut division, the Muzaffarpur district and the Muzaffarpur Railway District.It is the fourth most populous city in Bihar.

Muzaffarpur is famous for Shahi litchis and is known as the Lychee Kingdom. Shahi lychee is the fourth product from Bihar, after jardalu mango, katarni rice and Magahi paan (betel leaf) to get the Geographical Indication (GI) tag. The city is situated on the banks of the perennial Budhi Gandak River, which flows from the Someshwar Hills of the Himalayas.

Etymology

The current city was established in 1875 during the British Raj for administrative convenience, by dividing the Tirhut district and was named after an aumil, Muzaffar Khan; thus the city came to be known as Muzaffarpur.

History

The city was founded in 18th century during British Raj period and was constituted a municipality in 1864. A major road and rail hub, it is a trade centre on the route between Patna (south) and Nepal (north). Lychee, sweet corn, mango, vegetables, rice and sugar milling alongside cutlery manufacturing are the chief industries.

In 1972, the Sitamarhi and Vaishali districts were split off from Muzaffarpur.

Geography

Muzaffarpur is located at 26°07′N 85°24′E / 26.12°N 85.4°E / 26.12; 85.4. The city lies in a highly active seismic zone of India. In the disastrous earthquake on 15 January 1934, much of the town suffered severe damage and many people died. It has an average elevation of 47 meters (154 feet). This saucer shaped, low-centered town lies on the great Indo-Gangetic plains of Bihar, over Himalayan silt and sand brought by the glacier-fed and rain-fed meandering rivers of the Himalayas.

Climate

Muzaffarpur has a humid subtropical climate (Cwa) under the Köppen climate classification. The summer, between April and June, is extremely hot and humid (28–40 °C, 90% max). and winter is pleasantly cool, around 6-20 °C. Rainfall in Muzaffarpur City is comparatively less compared to other parts of Bihar.

Climate data for Muzaffarpur (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2009)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 30.8
(87.4) 		34.6
(94.3) 		39.4
(102.9) 		42.2
(108.0) 		44.5
(112.1) 		43.4
(110.1) 		43.5
(110.3) 		40.6
(105.1) 		38.2
(100.8) 		35.9
(96.6) 		33.2
(91.8) 		29.6
(85.3) 		44.5
(112.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 21.9
(71.4) 		25.7
(78.3) 		31.0
(87.8) 		35.3
(95.5) 		35.2
(95.4) 		34.9
(94.8) 		32.6
(90.7) 		33.0
(91.4) 		32.3
(90.1) 		31.6
(88.9) 		28.7
(83.7) 		24.3
(75.7) 		30.5
(86.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 10.2
(50.4) 		13.1
(55.6) 		17.2
(63.0) 		22.0
(71.6) 		24.7
(76.5) 		26.5
(79.7) 		26.6
(79.9) 		26.8
(80.2) 		25.8
(78.4) 		22.4
(72.3) 		16.3
(61.3) 		11.8
(53.2) 		20.3
(68.5)
Record low °C (°F) 2.7
(36.9) 		2.2
(36.0) 		7.2
(45.0) 		12.6
(54.7) 		18.3
(64.9) 		19.4
(66.9) 		20.9
(69.6) 		20.6
(69.1) 		19.6
(67.3) 		14.4
(57.9) 		7.7
(45.9) 		4.0
(39.2) 		2.2
(36.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 10.4
(0.41) 		11.5
(0.45) 		8.4
(0.33) 		20.2
(0.80) 		71.5
(2.81) 		160.1
(6.30) 		294.5
(11.59) 		287.6
(11.32) 		208.5
(8.21) 		65.4
(2.57) 		4.3
(0.17) 		4.6
(0.18) 		1,147.1
(45.16)
Average rainy days 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.4 4.3 6.8 12.7 11.5 8.8 2.2 0.3 0.5 51.0
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 77 66 54 49 60 72 82 82 82 77 74 78 71
Source: India Meteorological Department

Muzaffarpur has been ranked 32nd best "National Clean Air City" under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.

Demographics

As of the 2011 India census, Muzaffarpur had a population of 393,724. Males constituted 52.96% (208,509) of the population and females 47.04% (185,215). Muzaffarpur had a literacy rate of 85.16%. Male literacy was 88.83%, and female literacy was 81.05%.

As per 2011 census data, there are total 275,233 Hindus whereas 74,680 Muslims and 1,352 Christians along with other small minorities.

Religion in Muzaffarpur (2011)

  Hinduism (77.65%)  Islam (21.07%)  Other (1.28%)

Economy

Vasant Palace

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Muzaffarpur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).

Lychee

Lychee garden in Muzaffarpur

The lychee crop, which is available from May to June, is mainly cultivated in the districts of Muzaffarpur and surrounding districts. Cultivation of litchi covers approximately an area of about 25,800 hectares producing about 300,000 tonnes every year. Litchi are exported to big cities of India like Mumbai, Kolkata, and even to other countries. India's share in the world litchi market amounts to less than 1%. The names of the litchi produced in Muzaffarpur are Shahi and China. The fruits are known for excellent aroma and quality.

Bihar's contribution in the production of lychee in about 40 percent of lychee produced in India.

Bihar has emerged as a brewery hub with major domestic and foreign firms setting up production units in the state. Vijay Mallya's group, United Breweries Group, is setting up a production unit to make litchi-flavoured wine, in Muzaffarpur in 2012. The company has leased litchi gardens.

Muzaffarpur based Prabhat Zarda Factory is one of the leading tobacco manufacturers of India.

Lahti Bangles

The production and sales of Lahti bangles is also very prominent in city. Bollywood actress Aishwarya Rai also wore the Lahti bangles of the city at her marriage.

Transport

Railways

Aerial view of Muzaffarpur Junction with sunset view

Muzaffarpur Junction railway station (MFP) is a main A1 Category railway junction in Sonpur Division of East Central Railway, having total 8 platforms, with three suburban stations, Ram Dayalu Nagar, Narayanpur Anant (Sherpur), Kaparpura and Jubba Sahni. More than 200 trains regularly visits this 136+ year old railway junction.

Roads

Road connecting New Zero Mile with NH-57

National Highway 57 (India) comes via Gorakhpur, Motihari, Mehsi and crosses Muzaffarpur and National Highway 57 (India) goes to Darbhanga, Purnia. The East–West Corridor crosses Muzaffarpur thus connecting it to all the major towns and cities in India. National Highway 22 (India) starting from Hajipur passes through Muzaffarpur and connects Muzaffarpur to Sitamarhi. National Highway 28 (India) connects Mehsi and Muzaffarpur to Barauni, all 6 National Highways having junction there.

Airport

Muzaffarpur Airport (IATA: MZU, ICAO: VEMZ) is located in Patahi of Muzaffarpur city (besides NH 722 Muzaffarpur - Chhapra (Rewa Ghat)) in the state of Bihar, India. It was operable from 1967 to 1982, on a regular basis. Currently it is not in operations, commercially.

Darbhanga Airport is the nearest domestic airport roughly 64 km away by road. Patna Airport is the nearest customs airport roughly 70 km from the city.

Education

This section may contain unverified or indiscriminate information in embedded lists. Please help clean up the lists by removing items or incorporating them into the text of the article. (June 2023)

University

Colleges

Schools

  • Kendriya Vidyalaya Muzaffarpur
  • DAV Public School, Malighat
  • DAV Public School, Bakhri
  • Prabhat Tara School
  • North Point Children's School
  • G.D Mother International School
  • Holy Mission Senior Secondary School, Dighra
  • Oxford Senior Secondary School, Raghunathpur,
  • St. Joseph's Senior Secondary School
  • St. Xavier International School, Adarsh Gram
  • Shanti Niketan Awasiya Bal Vidyalaya, Shantinagar, Ahiyapur,

Notable people

Rambriksh Benipuri: freedom fighter, Socialist Leader, editor and Hindi writer

See also

References

  1. ^ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 3 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  2. "Muzaffarpurchunav 2020: क्या इस बार मंत्री जी लगाएंगे हैट्रिक या पूर्व विधायक विजेंद्र चौधरी करेंगे वापसी?". Dainik Jagran (in Hindi). 1 November 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  3. ^ "second Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
  4. "Bhojpuri". Ethnologue. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  5. "Pin Codes of Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India, Muzaffarpur Pincode Search". indiapincodes.net.
  6. ^ "Cities having population 3 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  7. "Bihar's famous Shahi litchi to get GI tag soon". The Times of India. 8 July 2018.
  8. Destinations :: Vaishali ::Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation Archived 22 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Bstdc.bih.nic.in. Retrieved on 9 January 2011.
  9. "bihar". Scribd.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  10. Faizi, Amir Afaque Ahmad (2009). Self-help Groups and Marginalised Communities. Concept Publishing Company. p. 6. ISBN 978-81-8069-621-3. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  11. "Muzaffarpur | India". 19 September 2024.
  12. Law, Gwillim (25 September 2011). "Districts of India". Statoids. Archived from the original on 17 October 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  13. "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Muzaffarpur, India". fallingrain.com. Archived from the original on 21 March 2008.
  14. Bihar India Earthquake Movie, 15 January 1934 Archived 6 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Harappa.com (15 January 1934). Retrieved on 9 January 2011.
  15. "Station: Muzaffarpur Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 513–514. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  16. "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  17. "Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024" (PDF). India - National Clean Air Programme. 7 September 2024. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
  18. "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  19. "Cities having population 3 lakh and above" (PDF). Census India. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
  20. "Muzaffarpur District Population, Bihar, List of Taluks in Muzaffarpur".
  21. ^ Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
  22. "7. Lychee Production in India". Fao.org. 31 May 1992. Archived from the original on 17 November 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  23. "Bihar is the top litchi producing State, about 300 thousand metric tonnes of litchi is being produced from 32 thousand hectare areas: Shri Radha Mohan Singh". pib.nic.in. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  24. "Bihar emerging as brewery hub". Economic Times. 16 January 2012. Archived from the original on 24 May 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  25. Sinha, Nishant (20 July 2016). "Sale of tobacco products legal". The Telegraph. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  26. "Aishwarya Rai's Muzaffarpur connection". The Times of India. 18 October 2012. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  27. "Muzaffarpur Jn". www.railyatri.in. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  28. "Muzaffarpur Airport". centreforaviation.com. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  29. "Muzaffarpur Airport (Bihar)". www.aai.aero. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  30. "DAV Public School". school.careers360.com. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  31. "D.A.V. Ppublic School". schools.org.in. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  32. "Holy Mission Senior Secondary School". school.career360.com. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
  33. "Oxford Senior Secondary School". school.career360.com. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
  34. "St. Joseph's Senior Secondary School". school.careers360.com. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  35. "St. Xavier International School". school.careers360.com. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  36. "Shanti Niketan Awasiya Bal Vidyalaya". school.career360.com. Retrieved 30 September 2022.

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