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{{Short description|Silesian duchy (1290–1850)}}
{{Unreferenced|date=January 2008}} {{More citations needed|date=January 2008}}
], native of Neisse, 1561]]
{{expand Czech|date=March 2024|topic=hist}}
] in '']''. The ''DVCATUS GROTKAVIENSIS'' extents to ''Freienwalde'' (]) in the south and ''Holtzeplotz'' (]) in the east.]]
{{Infobox country
]
|native_name = ''Księstwo Nyskie'' <small>(])</small><br/>''Herzogtum Neisse'' <small>(])<br/></small> ''Niské knížectví'' <small>(])</small>
|conventional_long_name = Duchy of Nysa
|common_name = Nysa
|era = Middle Ages<br/>Early modern period
|status = ]
|empire =
|government_type =
|year_start = 1290
|year_end = 1850
|life_span = 1290–1850
|event_start = Partitioned from<br/>{{spaces|4}}]
|date_start =
|event1 = Vassalized by <br/>{{spaces|4}}]
|date_event1 = 1342
|event2 = Acquired ]
|date_event2 = 1344
|event3 = ] by ]<br/>{{spaces|4}}and ]
|date_event3 = 1742
|event4 = Incorporated by <br/>{{spaces|4}}Prussia
|date_event4 = 1810
|event_end = Seized by Austria
|date_end =
|p1 = Duchy of Silesia
|image_p1 = ]
|s1 = Silesia Province
|image_s1 = ]
|s2 = Austrian Silesia
|image_s2 = ]
|image_flag =
|image_coat = POL księstwo nyskie COA.svg
|image_map = Blaeu 1645 - Silesia Ducatus.jpg
|image_map_caption = Map of Silesia by ], native of Nysa, published in 1645 in '']'' of ] and ]. The Duchy of Nysa (here depicted as <small>''DVCATUS GROTKAVIENSIS''</small>) extends to ] (''Freiwaldau'') in the south and ] (''Hotzenplotz'') in the east.
|capital = ]
|today = Poland<br>Czechia
}}
The '''Duchy of Nysa''' ({{langx|pl|Księstwo Nyskie}}, {{langx|cs|Niské knížectví}}) or '''Duchy of Neisse''' ({{langx|de|Herzogtum Neisse}}) was one of the ] with its capital at ] in ]. Alongside the ], it was the only ] in the ]n region, as it was ruled by a ] of the ]. Nowadays its territory is divided between ] and the ].


==History==
The '''Principality of Neisse''' ({{lang-de|Fürstentum Neisse}}) and '''Duchy of Grottkau'''<ref>The Catholic encyclopedia</ref><ref>See map: ''DVCATUS GROTKAVIENSIS''</ref>, or '''Duchy of Neisse''' ({{lang-pl|Księstwo Nyskie}}, {{lang-de|Herzogtum Neisse}}) originated as one of the ]. Alongside the ], it was the only episcopal duchy in the region, as it was ruled by a ] of the ].
], ]<ref>{{Cite Polish law|title=Rozporządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 28 lutego 2011 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii "Nysa - zespół kościoła farnego pod wezwaniem św. Jakuba Starszego Apostoła i św. Agnieszki Dziewicy i Męczennicy"|year=2011|volume=54|number=279}}</ref>]]
⚫ Upon his appointment as ] in 1198, ], elder son of the ] duke ], received the territories around the town of Nysa from his father. After Jarosław's death in 1201, his half-brother Duke ] of Silesia decided to leave Nysa, as well as the castellany of ], under the control of the ], while the rest of the late Jarosław's Upper Silesian lands were annexed by his uncle ] in the following year. In 1290 ], duke of ] at ], gave the bishops privileges of autonomy on their lands in Nysa, creating the legal basis for the Duchy of Nysa. Henry of Wierzbna, Bishop of Wrocław from 1302 to 1319, was the first to actually use the title of a Duke of Nysa.


The duchy in its original form only lasted until 1335, when Silesia passed to the ] by the ]. In 1342 Bishop Przecław of Pogorzeli swore the oath of ] to King ] and afterwards played a vital role in the negotiations for the 1348 ] between John's successor ] and King ] of Poland. Pogorzeli also significantly enlarged his territory by acquisition of ] from Duke ] of ] in 1344. For the next two hundred years, the Polish, Czech and German inhabitants of Nysa-Grodków lived in relative harmony, even during the beginnings of the ] as the control of the region switched between Protestant and Catholic rulers. This ended with the ].<ref></ref>
⚫ In 1198 ], son of ] and also ], was given the territories near ] by his father. After Jarosław's death in 1201, ] decided to leave the area, as well as the castellany of ] (Ottmachau), under control of the ]. In 1290 ] gave the bishops privileges of autonomy on their lands, creating the legal basis for the Principality of Neisse. ], bishop of Wrocław (1302-1319), was the first to use the title of Duke of Nysa{{cn}}.
]
⚫ The episcopate was abandoned by the bishops during the ]. Following the First Silesian War, the 1742 ] divided the principality, with the larger northern part ({{convert|1231|km2|abbr=on|disp=comma}}) including the town of Nysa becoming part of the ] and a smaller southern part ({{convert|900|km2|abbr=on|disp=comma}}) remaining with the ] Kingdom of Bohemia. In 1810 the Prussian part was secularized, its autonomy removed and it was incorporated into the Prussian ]. The small part remaining in the ] was likewise secularized to the crown land of ] in 1850 and is today part of ].
{{Clear}}


==See also==
⚫ Following the ], the ] of 1741 divided the principality, larger part (1231 km²) becoming part of the ], the smaller (900 km²) remaining with the Austrian-ruled Kingdom of Bohemia. In 1810 the Prussian part was secularized, its autonomy removed and it was incorporated into the Prussian ] administrative structure. The small part remaining in the ] was likewise secularized in 1850.
*]


==References==
Since 1945 the territory is divided between ] and the ], with the local German speaking population having been expelled by both countries.
⚫ {{Reflist}}


== External links == == External links ==
⚫ {{Reflist}}
* ]: and * ]: and


⚫ {{Duchies of Silesia}}


{{coord|50.466667|17.333333|format=dms|display=title|type:landmark}}
{{Poland-hist-stub}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Germany-hist-stub}}

⚫ ]
]
]
]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Nysa, Duchy}}
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]
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Latest revision as of 23:24, 26 October 2024

Silesian duchy (1290–1850)
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Duchy of NysaKsięstwo Nyskie (pl)
Herzogtum Neisse (de)
 Niské knížectví (cs)
1290–1850
Coat of arms of Nysa Coat of arms
Map of Silesia by Martin Helwig, native of Nysa, published in 1645 in Atlas novus of Willem and Joan Blaeu. The Duchy of Nysa (here depicted as DVCATUS GROTKAVIENSIS) extends to Jeseník (Freiwaldau) in the south and Osoblaha (Hotzenplotz) in the east.Map of Silesia by Martin Helwig, native of Nysa, published in 1645 in Atlas novus of Willem and Joan Blaeu. The Duchy of Nysa (here depicted as DVCATUS GROTKAVIENSIS) extends to Jeseník (Freiwaldau) in the south and Osoblaha (Hotzenplotz) in the east.
StatusSilesian duchy
CapitalNysa
Historical eraMiddle Ages
Early modern period
• Partitioned from
    Wrocław 		1290
• Vassalized by
    Bohemia 		1342
• Acquired Grodków 1344
• Partitioned by Prussia
    and Austria 		1742
• Incorporated by
    Prussia 		1810
• Seized by Austria 1850
Preceded by Succeeded by
Duchy of Wrocław Duchy of Silesia
Silesia Province Kingdom of Prussia
Austrian Silesia Austrian Empire
Today part ofPoland
Czechia

The Duchy of Nysa (Polish: Księstwo Nyskie, Czech: Niské knížectví) or Duchy of Neisse (German: Herzogtum Neisse) was one of the duchies of Silesia with its capital at Nysa in Lower Silesia. Alongside the Duchy of Siewierz, it was the only ecclesiastical duchy in the Silesian region, as it was ruled by a bishop of the Catholic Church. Nowadays its territory is divided between Poland and the Czech Republic.

History

Basilica of St. James and St. Agnes, Nysa, Historic Monument of Poland

Upon his appointment as Bishop of Wrocław in 1198, Jarosław of Opole, elder son of the Silesian duke Bolesław I the Tall, received the territories around the town of Nysa from his father. After Jarosław's death in 1201, his half-brother Duke Henry I the Bearded of Silesia decided to leave Nysa, as well as the castellany of Otmuchów, under the control of the Diocese of Wrocław, while the rest of the late Jarosław's Upper Silesian lands were annexed by his uncle Mieszko IV Tanglefoot in the following year. In 1290 Henry IV Probus, duke of Lower Silesia at Wrocław, gave the bishops privileges of autonomy on their lands in Nysa, creating the legal basis for the Duchy of Nysa. Henry of Wierzbna, Bishop of Wrocław from 1302 to 1319, was the first to actually use the title of a Duke of Nysa.

The duchy in its original form only lasted until 1335, when Silesia passed to the Kingdom of Bohemia by the Treaty of Trentschin. In 1342 Bishop Przecław of Pogorzeli swore the oath of fealty to King John the Blind and afterwards played a vital role in the negotiations for the 1348 Treaty of Namslau between John's successor Charles IV and King Casimir III the Great of Poland. Pogorzeli also significantly enlarged his territory by acquisition of Grodków from Duke Bolesław III the Generous of Brzeg in 1344. For the next two hundred years, the Polish, Czech and German inhabitants of Nysa-Grodków lived in relative harmony, even during the beginnings of the Reformation as the control of the region switched between Protestant and Catholic rulers. This ended with the Thirty Years' War.

The Duchy of Nysa (yellow) within Austrian Silesia

The episcopate was abandoned by the bishops during the Silesian Wars. Following the First Silesian War, the 1742 Treaty of Breslau divided the principality, with the larger northern part (1,231 km, 475 sq mi) including the town of Nysa becoming part of the Kingdom of Prussia and a smaller southern part (900 km, 350 sq mi) remaining with the Austrian-ruled Kingdom of Bohemia. In 1810 the Prussian part was secularized, its autonomy removed and it was incorporated into the Prussian Silesia Province. The small part remaining in the Austrian Empire was likewise secularized to the crown land of Austrian Silesia in 1850 and is today part of Czech Silesia.

See also

References

  1. Rozporządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 28 lutego 2011 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii "Nysa - zespół kościoła farnego pod wezwaniem św. Jakuba Starszego Apostoła i św. Agnieszki Dziewicy i Męczennicy", Dz. U., 2011, vol. 54, No. 279
  2. Mark Salter, Jonathan Bousfield, "Poland", Rough Guides, 2002, pg. 529

External links

Duchies of Silesia
Original
Lower Silesia
Upper Silesia
Other

50°28′00″N 17°20′00″E / 50.466667°N 17.333333°E / 50.466667; 17.333333

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