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{{Short description|Battle between Athens and Corinth (432 BC)}}
{{Infobox Military Conflict {{Infobox military conflict
|conflict=Battle of Potidaea | conflict = Battle of Potidaea
|image=
| width =
|caption=
|partof=the ] | partof =
| image = Battle of Potidaea 431 BCE.jpg
⚫ |date=]
| image_size = 300
⚫ |place=]
| alt =
⚫ |result=] victory
| caption = Battle of Potidaea: Athenians against Corinthians. Scene of ] saving ]. 18th century engraving.
⚫ |combatant1=]
⚫ | date = 432 BC
⚫ |combatant2=],<br/>]
⚫ | place = ]
|commander1=Archestratus,<br/>]†
| coordinates = {{Coord|40.1937|N|23.3278|E|display=inline, title}}
⚫ |commander2=]
| territory =
⚫ |strength1=70 ships,<br/>3,000 ]s,<br>30 cavalry
⚫ | result = Athenian victory
|strength2=2,000 hoplites
⚫ | combatant1 = ]
⚫ |casualties1=150 men
⚫ | combatant2 = ]<br/>]
⚫ |casualties2=300 men
| commander1 = ]<br/>]{{KIA}}
⚫ | commander2 = ]
⚫ | strength1 = 70 ships,<br/>3,000 ]s,<br/>400 cavalry
| strength2 = 1,600 hoplites,<br/>400 light troops,<br/>200 cavalry
⚫ | casualties1 = 150 men
⚫ | casualties2 = 300 men
| map_type = Greece
| map_relief = yes
| map_size = 300
| map_marksize =
| map_caption = Location of the Battle of Potidaea
| map_label = Potidaea
}} }}
{{Campaignbox Peloponnesian War}} {{Campaignbox Peloponnesian War}}
⚫ The '''Battle of Potidaea''' was, with the ], one of the catalysts for the ]. It was fought near ] in ] between ] and a combined army from ] and Potidaea, along with their various allies.


⚫ The '''Battle of Potidaea''' was fought in 432 BC between ] and a combined army from ] and Potidaea, along with their various allies. Along with the ], it was one of the catalysts for the ].
] was a colony of ] on the ] peninsula, but was a member of the ] and paid tribute to ]. After Sybota, Athens demanded that Potidaea pull down part of its walls, expel Corinthian ambassadors, and send hostages to Athens. Athens was afraid that Potidaea would revolt due to Corinthian or ]ian influence, as ] was encouraging revolts among Athens' other allies in ].


== Background ==
⚫ Athens gathered a fleet of 30 ships and 1,000 ]s under the overall command of Archestratus, which was originally meant to fight Perdiccas in Macedonia but was diverted to Potidaea. The Potidaeans sent ambassadors to Athens and ], and when negotiations broke down in Athens, Sparta promised to help Potidaea revolt. The Athenian fleet sailed for Potidaea, but when it arrived, Archestratus attacked the Macedonians instead, as the Potidaeans had already revolted and allied with Perdiccas. Corinth sent 1,600 hoplites and 400 light troops to Potidaea as well, under the command of Aristeus. In response, Athens sent out another 2,000 hoplites and 40 more ships, under the command of ]. After some fighting against Perdiccas, the combined Athenian forces sailed to Potidaea and landed there. Perdiccas and 200 of his cavalry joined with Aristeus, and their combined army marched to Potidaea as well.
] was a colony of ] on the ] peninsula, but was a member of the ] and paid tribute to ].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chrystal|first=Paul|title=Wars and Battles of Ancient Greece|publisher=Fonthill Media|year=2018|isbn=978-1-78155-681-8|location=London|language=en}}</ref> It was originally settled by Corinthians and still hosted Corinthian magistrates every year.<ref name=":0" /> After the Athenian defeat at Sybota, Athens demanded that Potidaea pull down part of its walls, stop accepting Corinthian magistrates and send hostages to Athens.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Phang|first=Sara E.|title=Conflict in Ancient Greece and Rome: The Definitive Political, Social, and Military Encyclopedia : The Definitive Political, Social, and Military Encyclopedia|last2=Spence|first2=Iain|last3=Kelly|first3=Douglas|last4=Londey|first4=Peter|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2016|isbn=978-1-61069-020-1|location=Santa Barbara, CA|pages=458}}</ref> Athens was afraid that Potidaea would revolt due to Corinthian or ]ian influence, as ] was encouraging revolts among Athens' other allies in ].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kagan|first=Donald|title=A New History of the Peloponnesian War|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-0-8014-6729-5|location=Ithaca, NY|pages=278}}</ref> Whether Potidaea was indeed launching an uprising, the Athenian demands precipitated the revolt.<ref name=":0" /> To ensure that its demands were carried out, Athens sent an expedition led by Archestratus within the context of Corinthian and Macedonian hostility.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lallot|first=Jean|title=Le Présent Historique Chez Thucydide|last2=Rijksbaron|first2=Albert|last3=Jacquinod|first3=Bernard|publisher=BRILL|year=2011|isbn=978-90-04-20118-7|location=Leiden|pages=126}}</ref>


== Battle ==
⚫ In the ensuing battle, Aristeus' wing of Corinthian troops defeated a section of the Athenian line, but elsewhere the Athenians were victorious. Aristeus returned to Potidaea along the seacoast with some difficulty, hoping to avoid the main Athenian army. A reserve force of Potidaeans, located in nearby ], attempted to relieve Aristeus, but they were defeated as well. The Corinthians and Potidaeans lost about 300 men, and the Athenians about 150, including Callias. The Macedonian cavalry did not join the battle.
⚫ Athens gathered a fleet of 30 ships and 1,000 ]s under the overall command of Archestratus.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=McGregor|first=Malcolm|title=The Athenians and Their Empire|publisher=University of British Columbia Press|year=1988|isbn=0-7748-0269-3|location=Vancouver|pages=127}}</ref> The Athenian force was originally meant to fight Perdiccas in Macedonia, but was diverted to Potidaea. The Potidaeans sent ambassadors to Athens and ], and when negotiations broke down in Athens, Sparta promised to help Potidaea revolt through a pledge to invade Attica.<ref name=":1" /> The Athenian fleet sailed for Potidaea, but when it arrived, Archestratus attacked the Macedonians instead, as the Potidaeans had already revolted and allied with Perdiccas.<ref>Thucydides, ''History of the Peloponnesian War'', ]</ref> Corinth sent 1,600 hoplites and 400 light troops to Potidaea as well, under the command of Aristeus, but as "volunteers,"<ref>Thucydides, ''History of the Peloponnesian War'', ]</ref> thus hoping not to provoke a larger war. In response, Athens sent out another 2,000 hoplites and 40 more ships, under the command of ], son of Calliades.<ref>Thucydides, ''History of the Peloponnesian War'', ]</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Nails|first=Debra|title=The People of Plato|publisher=Hackett|year=2002|isbn=0-87220-564-9|location=Indianapolis/Cambridge|pages=74}}</ref> After some fighting against Perdiccas, the combined Athenian forces sailed to Potidaea and landed there. Perdiccas and 200 of his cavalry joined with Aristeus, and their combined army marched to Potidaea.<ref name=":2">Thucydides, ''History of the Peloponnesian War'', ]</ref>


⚫ In the ensuing battle, Aristeus' wing of Corinthian troops defeated a section of the Athenian line, but elsewhere the Athenians were victorious. Aristeus returned to Potidaea along the sea coast with some difficulty, hoping to avoid the main Athenian army.<ref name=":2" /> A reserve force of Potidaeans, located in nearby ], attempted to relieve Aristeus, but they were also defeated. The Corinthians and Potidaeans lost about 300 men, and the Athenians about 150, including Callias; the Macedonian cavalry did not join the battle.<ref>Thucydides, ''History of the Peloponnesian War'', ]</ref>
⚫ The Athenians remained outside Potidaea for some time, and were reinforced by another 1,600 hoplites under the command of ]. Both sides built walls and counter-walls, and the Athenians succeeded in cutting off Potidaea from the sea with a naval blockade. During the blockade, representatives from Athens and Sparta met in Sparta, resulting in a formal declaration of war.


⚫ The Athenians remained outside Potidaea for some time, and were reinforced by another 1,600 hoplites under the command of ]. Both sides built walls and counter-walls, and the Athenians succeeded in cutting off Potidaea from the sea with a naval blockade. During the blockade, representatives from Corinth, Athens and Sparta met in Sparta, resulting in a formal declaration of war.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/7142/7142-h/7142-h.htm#link2HCH0003|title=The History of the Peloponnesian War, by Thucydides 431 BC|website=www.gutenberg.org|language=en|access-date=2017-03-16}}</ref>
⚫ However, this siege seriously depleted the Athenian treasury, dumping as much as 1,000 talents/year into this attack. This made the Athenian people unhappy, and in combination with the plague that swept through Athens in the early 420s BC, made the control of Pericles untenable. The Periclean strategy of hiding behind the Long Walls and relying on the low cash reserves of the Peloponnesians was starting to become unfavorable to the greater Athenian consciousness.


⚫ However, this siege, which lasted until 430/429 BC, seriously depleted the Athenian treasury, with as much as 420 ] per year required for the military activity.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kagan|first=Donald|title=A New History of the Peloponnesian War|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-0-8014-6729-5|location=Ithaca, NY|pages=62}}</ref> This was not popular with the Athenians, and in combination with the ] that swept through Athens in the early 420s BC, made the continued leadership of ] untenable. The Periclean strategy of hiding behind the ] and relying on the low cash reserves of the Peloponnesians was starting to become unfavourable to the greater Athenian consciousness.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kagan|first=Donald|title=A New History of the Peloponnesian War|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-0-8014-6729-5|location=Ithaca, NY|pages=87}}</ref>
{{coord missing}}


In several of ]'s dialogues (] 153a-d, ] 28d), the philosopher ] is revealed to be a veteran of the Battle of Potidaea, where he saved the life of ] (] 219e-221b).

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*], ''] ]''.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Battle Of Potidaea}}
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]

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Latest revision as of 19:54, 8 September 2024

Battle between Athens and Corinth (432 BC)
Battle of Potidaea

Battle of Potidaea: Athenians against Corinthians. Scene of Socrates saving Alcibiades. 18th century engraving.
Date432 BC
LocationPotidaea40°11′37″N 23°19′40″E / 40.1937°N 23.3278°E / 40.1937; 23.3278
Result Athenian victory
Belligerents
Athens Corinth
Potidaea
Commanders and leaders
Archestratus
Callias †		 Aristeus
Strength
70 ships,
3,000 hoplites,
400 cavalry		 1,600 hoplites,
400 light troops,
200 cavalry
Casualties and losses
150 men 300 men
Potidaea is located in GreecePotidaeaPotidaeaclass=notpageimage| Location of the Battle of Potidaea
Peloponnesian War

The Battle of Potidaea was fought in 432 BC between Athens and a combined army from Corinth and Potidaea, along with their various allies. Along with the Battle of Sybota, it was one of the catalysts for the Peloponnesian War.

Background

Potidaea was a colony of Corinth on the Chalcidice peninsula, but was a member of the Delian League and paid tribute to Athens. It was originally settled by Corinthians and still hosted Corinthian magistrates every year. After the Athenian defeat at Sybota, Athens demanded that Potidaea pull down part of its walls, stop accepting Corinthian magistrates and send hostages to Athens. Athens was afraid that Potidaea would revolt due to Corinthian or Macedonian influence, as Perdiccas II of Macedon was encouraging revolts among Athens' other allies in Thrace. Whether Potidaea was indeed launching an uprising, the Athenian demands precipitated the revolt. To ensure that its demands were carried out, Athens sent an expedition led by Archestratus within the context of Corinthian and Macedonian hostility.

Battle

Athens gathered a fleet of 30 ships and 1,000 hoplites under the overall command of Archestratus. The Athenian force was originally meant to fight Perdiccas in Macedonia, but was diverted to Potidaea. The Potidaeans sent ambassadors to Athens and Sparta, and when negotiations broke down in Athens, Sparta promised to help Potidaea revolt through a pledge to invade Attica. The Athenian fleet sailed for Potidaea, but when it arrived, Archestratus attacked the Macedonians instead, as the Potidaeans had already revolted and allied with Perdiccas. Corinth sent 1,600 hoplites and 400 light troops to Potidaea as well, under the command of Aristeus, but as "volunteers," thus hoping not to provoke a larger war. In response, Athens sent out another 2,000 hoplites and 40 more ships, under the command of Callias, son of Calliades. After some fighting against Perdiccas, the combined Athenian forces sailed to Potidaea and landed there. Perdiccas and 200 of his cavalry joined with Aristeus, and their combined army marched to Potidaea.

In the ensuing battle, Aristeus' wing of Corinthian troops defeated a section of the Athenian line, but elsewhere the Athenians were victorious. Aristeus returned to Potidaea along the sea coast with some difficulty, hoping to avoid the main Athenian army. A reserve force of Potidaeans, located in nearby Olynthus, attempted to relieve Aristeus, but they were also defeated. The Corinthians and Potidaeans lost about 300 men, and the Athenians about 150, including Callias; the Macedonian cavalry did not join the battle.

The Athenians remained outside Potidaea for some time, and were reinforced by another 1,600 hoplites under the command of Phormio. Both sides built walls and counter-walls, and the Athenians succeeded in cutting off Potidaea from the sea with a naval blockade. During the blockade, representatives from Corinth, Athens and Sparta met in Sparta, resulting in a formal declaration of war.

However, this siege, which lasted until 430/429 BC, seriously depleted the Athenian treasury, with as much as 420 talents per year required for the military activity. This was not popular with the Athenians, and in combination with the plague that swept through Athens in the early 420s BC, made the continued leadership of Pericles untenable. The Periclean strategy of hiding behind the Long Walls and relying on the low cash reserves of the Peloponnesians was starting to become unfavourable to the greater Athenian consciousness.

In several of Plato's dialogues (Charmides 153a-d, Apology (Plato) 28d), the philosopher Socrates is revealed to be a veteran of the Battle of Potidaea, where he saved the life of Alcibiades (Symposium 219e-221b).

Notes

  1. Chrystal, Paul (2018). Wars and Battles of Ancient Greece. London: Fonthill Media. ISBN 978-1-78155-681-8.
  2. ^ Phang, Sara E.; Spence, Iain; Kelly, Douglas; Londey, Peter (2016). Conflict in Ancient Greece and Rome: The Definitive Political, Social, and Military Encyclopedia : The Definitive Political, Social, and Military Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 458. ISBN 978-1-61069-020-1.
  3. Kagan, Donald (2013). A New History of the Peloponnesian War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-8014-6729-5.
  4. Lallot, Jean; Rijksbaron, Albert; Jacquinod, Bernard (2011). Le Présent Historique Chez Thucydide. Leiden: BRILL. p. 126. ISBN 978-90-04-20118-7.
  5. ^ McGregor, Malcolm (1988). The Athenians and Their Empire. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. p. 127. ISBN 0-7748-0269-3.
  6. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, 1.59
  7. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, 1.60
  8. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, 1.61
  9. Nails, Debra (2002). The People of Plato. Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett. p. 74. ISBN 0-87220-564-9.
  10. ^ Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, 1.62
  11. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, 1.63
  12. "The History of the Peloponnesian War, by Thucydides 431 BC". www.gutenberg.org. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
  13. Kagan, Donald (2013). A New History of the Peloponnesian War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-8014-6729-5.
  14. Kagan, Donald (2013). A New History of the Peloponnesian War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-8014-6729-5.

Sources

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