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| {{Short description|Frequency range}} | |||
| {{Unreferenced|date=December 2008}} | |||
| {{ |
{{about|frequency range|the organ stop (also called "Soubasse")|Bourdon (organ pipe)|the type of singer|Oktavist|the object in mathematical topology|Subbase}} | ||
| ] player ] playing a show in New York City in 1947. The double bass is the sub-bass instrument of the orchestral strings family, as it produces the pitches in the lowest register for this family.]] | |||
| '''Sub-bass''' sounds are the deep, low-register pitches below approximately 70 ]<ref name="defn-tone">{{cite book | |||
| |title=The Relentless Pursuit of Tone: Timbre in Popular Music | |||
| |editor-last1= Latour |editor-first1= Melinda |editor-last2=Fink |editor-first2=Robert |editor-last3=Wallmark |editor-first3=Zachary | |||
| |isbn=978-0199985258 |publisher= Oxford University Press |date=2018 | |||
| |chapter=Below 100 Hz: Toward a Musicology of Bass Culture | |||
| |last=Fink |first=Robert |pages=92–93 | |||
| |quote=Many sound engineers start talking about "sub-bass" around 70 Hz, ; at the bottom of the sub-bass register, around 30 Hz | |||
| }}</ref> (C{{music|#}}<sub>2</sub> in ]) and extending downward to include the lowest frequency humans can hear, approximately 20 Hz (E<sub>0</sub>). | |||
| In this range, human hearing is less sensitive, so these notes tend to be felt more than heard.<ref>{{cite web|title=Interactive Frequency Chart|url=http://www.independentrecording.net/irn/resources/freqchart/main_display.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324005053/http://www.independentrecording.net/irn/resources/freqchart/main_display.htm|archive-date=24 March 2013|access-date=March 9, 2012|publisher=Independent Recording Network}}</ref> The low E-string on a ] is usually tuned to 41.2 Hz, while the lowest note on a standard ] is A at 27.5 Hz. ]s and ]s often use one or more ] loudspeakers to amplify sounds in the sub-bass range. Sounds below sub-bass are ]. | |||
| '''Sub-bass''' is a term used to describe audible sounds below 90Hz. Sound in the range below this (under 16-17Hz) is called "]". Sound systems often feature a ] that is dedicated solely to amplifying sounds in the lower bass and sub-bass range. Audio tracks known as ]s use sub-bass, and in some cases, infrasonic frequencies which are used to test or to demonstrate the capabilities of audio equipment. | |||
| ==Hearing and usage== | |||
| When reproduced at sufficient volume, the listener will feel sub-bass more than one hears it. {{Fact|date=March 2008}} For this reason, it is popular in ], where the sub-bass will often accompany the bass drum, as well as in ].{{Fact|date=March 2008}} Its influence extends to genres such as ], where the whole bass-line is often reproduced in sub-bass frequencies. Much ] uses sub-bass, in particular ], where the majority of the sound can often be in the sub-bass range. ] bands such as ], ], ] and ] have used sub-bass drops in their songs.{{Fact|date=April 2009}}Yves Carbonne conceived the first 10 and 12 string fretless sub-bass guitars. These extended range sub-basses, Legend X YC and Legend XII YC, were built by luthier from Barcelona Jerzy Drozd. The 12 string Legend XII YC uses a new B string tuned at 15,4 hertzs. <ref>http://www.bass-musician-magazine.com/General/bass-musician-magazine-masthead-detail.asp?directory-id=807599636 Bass Musician Magazine: Yves Carbonne</ref> | |||
| 20 Hz is considered the normal low-frequency limit of human hearing. When pure sine waves are reproduced under ideal conditions and at very high ]s, a human listener will be able to identify tones as low as 12 Hz (G<sub>–1</sub>).<ref>{{cite book |title=Music, Physics and Engineering |last=Olson |first=Harry F. |author-link=Harry F. Olson |year= 1967|publisher=Dover Publications |isbn=0-486-21769-8 |page= |url=https://archive.org/details/musicphysicsengi0000olso |url-access=registration }}</ref> Audio tracks known as bass tests use sub-bass frequencies which are used to test or to demonstrate the capabilities of audio equipment. High-end subwoofers can accurately reproduce sound to about 18 Hz ±2 dB.<ref>{{cite web|title=VTF-15H Subwoofer|url=http://www.hsuresearch.com/products/vtf-15h.html|publisher=Hsu Research|access-date=March 9, 2012}}</ref>{{what|date=May 2021}} | |||
| Sub-bass is popular in ], where the low frequencies are produced by the ] (bass drum), the ] and electronic ]s and ]s. Particular genres such as ], ] and ] often feature a ] that consists mainly of sub-bass frequencies. Much ] uses sub-bass, in particular ], where the majority of the sound can often be in the sub-bass range. Often, ] and rap songs feature prevalent sub-bass. The ] range on ]s also often extends into the sub-bass range; the bottom note of a 16′ stop is typically tuned to 32 Hz (C<sub>1</sub>), a 32′ stop at 16 Hz (C<sub>0</sub>). | |||
| ==Other uses== | |||
| In ] groups or ] ] groups, "sub-bass" is an informal term for ], a specialized ]. These singers often sing below the ] and sometimes employ ] to achieve even lower sounds.{{Fact|date=April 2009}} | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
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Latest revision as of 18:42, 3 August 2024
Frequency range This article is about frequency range. For the organ stop (also called "Soubasse"), see Bourdon (organ pipe). For the type of singer, see Oktavist. For the object in mathematical topology, see Subbase._Charles_Garrison,_Dixon%27s,_New_York,_N.Y.,_ca._May_1947)_(LOC)_(4976467461).jpg)
Sub-bass sounds are the deep, low-register pitches below approximately 70 Hz (C♯2 in scientific pitch notation) and extending downward to include the lowest frequency humans can hear, approximately 20 Hz (E0).
In this range, human hearing is less sensitive, so these notes tend to be felt more than heard. The low E-string on a bass guitar is usually tuned to 41.2 Hz, while the lowest note on a standard piano is A at 27.5 Hz. Sound reinforcement systems and PA systems often use one or more subwoofer loudspeakers to amplify sounds in the sub-bass range. Sounds below sub-bass are infrasound.
Hearing and usage
20 Hz is considered the normal low-frequency limit of human hearing. When pure sine waves are reproduced under ideal conditions and at very high decibels, a human listener will be able to identify tones as low as 12 Hz (G–1). Audio tracks known as bass tests use sub-bass frequencies which are used to test or to demonstrate the capabilities of audio equipment. High-end subwoofers can accurately reproduce sound to about 18 Hz ±2 dB.
Sub-bass is popular in dance music, where the low frequencies are produced by the kick drum (bass drum), the bass guitar and electronic synthesizers and drum machines. Particular genres such as house music, drum and bass and dubstep often feature a bassline that consists mainly of sub-bass frequencies. Much experimental music uses sub-bass, in particular drone music, where the majority of the sound can often be in the sub-bass range. Often, hip hop and rap songs feature prevalent sub-bass. The pedal keyboard range on pipe organs also often extends into the sub-bass range; the bottom note of a 16′ stop is typically tuned to 32 Hz (C1), a 32′ stop at 16 Hz (C0).
References
- Fink, Robert (2018). "Below 100 Hz: Toward a Musicology of Bass Culture". In Latour, Melinda; Fink, Robert; Wallmark, Zachary (eds.). The Relentless Pursuit of Tone: Timbre in Popular Music. Oxford University Press. pp. 92–93. ISBN 978-0199985258.
Many sound engineers start talking about "sub-bass" around 70 Hz, ; at the bottom of the sub-bass register, around 30 Hz
- "Interactive Frequency Chart". Independent Recording Network. Archived from the original on 24 March 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - Olson, Harry F. (1967). Music, Physics and Engineering. Dover Publications. p. 249. ISBN 0-486-21769-8.
- "VTF-15H Subwoofer". Hsu Research. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
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