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{{Short description|Israeli politician}}
{{MKs |
{{Infobox officeholder
Image = |
⚫ | image = Eitan Livni (00360647).jpg
Date of birth = 1919|
| birth_date = 1 April 1919
Place of birth = ], ]|
| birth_place = ], ]<br/><small>(now in ])</small>
Year of Aliyah = 1925|
| death_date = {{death date and age|1991|12|27|1919|4|1|df=y}}
Date of death = ], ]|
| death_place =
Place of death = |
| spouse = Sara Rosenberg
Knesset(s) = ], ], ]|
Party = ]| | children = ]
| suboffice1 = ]
Former parties = |
| office1=Faction represented in the ] |subterm1 = 1974–1984
Gov't roles =
}} }}
⚫ '''Yeruham "Eitan" Livni''' ({{lang-he|ירוחם "איתן" לבני}}, 1919 – ], ]) was a ] activist, ] commander and ]i politician.


⚫ '''Yeruham "Eitan" Livni''' ({{langx|he|ירוחם "איתן" לבני}}{{lrm}}; 1 April 1919 – 27 December 1991) was a ] activist, ] commander and ]i politician, father of Israeli politician ].
==Biography==
⚫ Livni was born in ], ] (today ], ]) in 1919. His family moved to the ] in 1925 and settled in ]. He went to High School and Trade School in Tel Aviv, and in 1938 he joined the ] Company at ], where he was assigned to agricultural work and guard duty. Soon after, he joined the Irgun, and a year later, he was summoned to a commanders course at Tel Tzur (near ]).<ref name=lapidot>{{Cite web
| last = Lapidot
| first = Yehuda
⚫ | title = Eitan Livni
| work = Jewish Virtual Library
| accessdate = 2008-01-13
| url = http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Livni.html
}}</ref>


==Life and career==
⚫ When the Irgun proclaimed its revolt against the ] in February 1944, he was put in charge of the Irgun activities, and was later appointed to the General Headquarters as chief operations officer. He was arrested on April 4, 1946, for his participation in the "]". He was sentenced, together with his comrades, to 15 years imprisonment, but was freed two years later in the ]. He was sent clandestinely to ] to organize action against British targets there, and on May 15, 1948, he returned home to take part in the ].<ref name=lapidot/>
⚫ Livni was born in ], ] (now in ]) on 1 April 1919 to Yitzhak and Dvora. His family moved to ] in 1925 and settled in ]. He went to High School and Trade School in Tel Aviv, and in 1938, he joined the ] movement at ], where he was assigned to agricultural work and guard duty. Soon after, he joined the Irgun, and a year later, he was summoned to a commanders course at Tel Tzur (near ]).<ref name=lapidot>{{Cite web | last = Lapidot | first = Yehuda | title = Eitan Livni | work = Jewish Virtual Library | accessdate = 2008-01-13 | url = https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Livni.html}}</ref>


⚫ When the Irgun proclaimed the ] in February 1944, he was put in charge of the Irgun activities, and was later appointed to the General Headquarters as chief operations officer. He was arrested on April 4, 1946, for his participation in the sabotage operation against British railroads called "]", where an Irgun fighter, two British and four Arabs were killed, which was along with the ] and the ] led a forceful British retaliation, and 2 weeks later ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918050500/http://ameu.org/printer.asp?iid=249&aid=358 |date=2010-09-18 }}</ref> He was sentenced, together with his comrades, to 15 years imprisonment, but was freed two years later in the ]. He was sent clandestinely to ] to organize action against British targets there, and on May 15, 1948, he returned home to take part in the ].<ref name=lapidot/>
After Israel was established in 1948, He and Sara Rosenberg, a fellow Irgun activist, became the first couple to marry in the new Jewish state.<ref name=hai>{{Cite news
| last = Hai
| first = Yigal
| title = Sara Livni, mother of FM Tzipi Livni laid to rest in Tel Aviv
| work = Haaretz
| accessdate = 2008-02-07
| date = 2007-10-10
| url = http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/911162.html
⚫ }}</ref> He was chairman of the Wood Products Department of the Industrialists Association from 1949 to 1959, and owner of the “Ariah” Starch Factory until 1965. He was a member of the Directorate and Secretariat of the ] Movement in 1960 and Head of its Organization Department in 1965. He was also the chairman of the Union of Irgun Soldiers between 1962 and 1980 and chairman of ] and ] Prisoners Association in 1963.


⚫ After Israel was established in 1948, he and Sara Rosenberg, a fellow Irgun activist, became the first couple to marry in the new Jewish state.<ref name=hai>{{Cite news | last = Hai | first = Yigal | title = 'My mother was a warrior' | work = Haaretz | accessdate = 2010-06-27 | date = 2007-10-10 | url = http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/my-mother-was-a-warrior-1.230772}}</ref> He was chairman of the Wood Products Department of the Industrialists Association from 1949 to 1959, and owner of the “Ariah” Starch Factory until 1965. He was a member of the Directorate and Secretariat of the ] Movement in 1960 and Head of its Organization Department in 1965. He was also the chairman of the Union of Irgun Soldiers between 1962 and 1980 and chairman of ] and ] Prisoners Association in 1963.
⚫ In 1968 he became a member of Directorate of ] and later of ], and was the chairman of Directorate of Likud from 1970 to 1971. He was elected to the ] in 1973, 1977 and 1981. He was a member of the Economic Affairs, ] and State Control Committees.


⚫ In 1968, he became a member of Directorate of ] and later of ], and was the chairman of Directorate of Likud from 1970 to 1971. He was elected to the ] in 1973, 1977 and 1981. He was a member of the Economic Affairs, ] and State Control Committees. He was politically moderate.<ref>, BBC (14 March 2015)</ref>
⚫ He died in 1991. At his specific request, the Irgun emblem was engraved on his headstone.<ref name=doyle>{{Cite news
| last = Doyle
| first = Leonard
| title = Israeli 'ruler-in-waiting' plans to starve Hamas
| work = The Independent
| accessdate = 2008-02-08
| date = 2006-03-02
| url = http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israeli-rulerinwaiting-plans-to-starve-hamas-468293.html
}}</ref> After his death, his daughter, ], entered the Israeli political scene, and has since become a prominent minister for Likud and later for ].<ref name=westcott>{{Cite news
| last = Westcott
| first = Kathryn
| title = Tzipi Livni: Israel's 'Mrs Clean'
| work = BBC
| accessdate = 2008-02-07
| date = 2007-05-02
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6615687.stm
}}</ref> She is currently the leader of Kadima and serves as Israel's ].


⚫ Before his death, he was placed honorary 114th spot on the ] list on ]. He died in 1991. At his specific request, the Irgun emblem was engraved on his headstone.<ref name=doyle>{{Cite news | last = Doyle
==Criticism==
| first = Leonard | title = Israeli 'ruler-in-waiting' plans to starve Hamas | work = The Independent | accessdate = 2008-02-08 | date = 2006-03-02 | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israeli-rulerinwaiting-plans-to-starve-hamas-468293.html}}</ref> After his death, his daughter, ], entered the Israeli political scene, and has become a prominent minister for Likud and ].<ref name=westcott>{{Cite news | last = Westcott | first = Kathryn | title = Tzipi Livni: Israel's 'Mrs Clean' | work = BBC | accessdate = 2008-02-07 | date = 2007-05-02 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6615687.stm}}</ref> She was later elected leader of Kadima, but eventually left to form her own party, ].

British Member of Parliament Sir ], who is raised as an ] claimed, criticized Eitan Livni and Irgun harshly, on his 15 Jan 2009 speech at ].
<blockquote>

''"The Israeli Foreign Minister ] asserts that her Government will have no dealings with Hamas, because they are terrorists. ]'s father was Eitan Livni, chief operations officer of the terrorist ], who organised the blowing-up of the ] in ], in which 91 victims were killed, including four Jews. Israel was born out of Jewish terrorism. Jewish terrorists hanged two British sergeants and booby-trapped their corpses. Irgun, together with the terrorist ], ]d 254 Palestinians in 1948 in the village of ].<ref></ref> <ref></ref>"
</blockquote>''


==Bibliography== ==Bibliography==
* Personal Story of Operations Officer of Etzel (1983) {{he icon}} * Personal Story of Operations Officer of Etzel (1983) {{in lang|he}}


==References== ==References==
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==External links== ==External links==
* {{MKlink|id=471}} *{{MKlink|id=471}}

{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 07:39, 6 December 2024

Israeli politician
Eitan Livni
Faction represented in the Knesset
1974–1984Likud
Personal details
Born1 April 1919
Grodno, Ober Ost
(now in Belarus)
Died27 December 1991(1991-12-27) (aged 72)
SpouseSara Rosenberg
ChildrenTzipi Livni

Yeruham "Eitan" Livni (Hebrew: ירוחם "איתן" לבני‎; 1 April 1919 – 27 December 1991) was a Revisionist Zionist activist, Irgun commander and Israeli politician, father of Israeli politician Tzipi Livni.

Life and career

Livni was born in Grodno, Poland (now in Belarus) on 1 April 1919 to Yitzhak and Dvora. His family moved to Mandatory Palestine in 1925 and settled in Tel Aviv. He went to High School and Trade School in Tel Aviv, and in 1938, he joined the Betar movement at Zikhron Ya'akov, where he was assigned to agricultural work and guard duty. Soon after, he joined the Irgun, and a year later, he was summoned to a commanders course at Tel Tzur (near Binyamina).

When the Irgun proclaimed the Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine in February 1944, he was put in charge of the Irgun activities, and was later appointed to the General Headquarters as chief operations officer. He was arrested on April 4, 1946, for his participation in the sabotage operation against British railroads called "Night of the Trains", where an Irgun fighter, two British and four Arabs were killed, which was along with the Night of the Airfields and the Night of the Bridges led a forceful British retaliation, and 2 weeks later Operation Agatha. He was sentenced, together with his comrades, to 15 years imprisonment, but was freed two years later in the Acre Prison break. He was sent clandestinely to Europe to organize action against British targets there, and on May 15, 1948, he returned home to take part in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

After Israel was established in 1948, he and Sara Rosenberg, a fellow Irgun activist, became the first couple to marry in the new Jewish state. He was chairman of the Wood Products Department of the Industrialists Association from 1949 to 1959, and owner of the “Ariah” Starch Factory until 1965. He was a member of the Directorate and Secretariat of the Herut Movement in 1960 and Head of its Organization Department in 1965. He was also the chairman of the Union of Irgun Soldiers between 1962 and 1980 and chairman of Acre and Jerusalem Prisoners Association in 1963.

In 1968, he became a member of Directorate of Gahal and later of Likud, and was the chairman of Directorate of Likud from 1970 to 1971. He was elected to the Knesset in 1973, 1977 and 1981. He was a member of the Economic Affairs, Foreign Affairs and Defense and State Control Committees. He was politically moderate.

Before his death, he was placed honorary 114th spot on the Likud list on 1988 Israeli legislative election. He died in 1991. At his specific request, the Irgun emblem was engraved on his headstone. After his death, his daughter, Tzipi, entered the Israeli political scene, and has become a prominent minister for Likud and Kadima. She was later elected leader of Kadima, but eventually left to form her own party, Hatnuah.

Bibliography

  • Personal Story of Operations Officer of Etzel (1983) (in Hebrew)

References

  1. ^ Lapidot, Yehuda. "Eitan Livni". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
  2. In the Beginning, There Was Terror, Ronald Bleier, Americans for Middle East Understanding Archived 2010-09-18 at the Wayback Machine
  3. Hai, Yigal (2007-10-10). "'My mother was a warrior'". Haaretz. Retrieved 2010-06-27.
  4. Israel election: Who are the key candidates?, BBC (14 March 2015)
  5. Doyle, Leonard (2006-03-02). "Israeli 'ruler-in-waiting' plans to starve Hamas". The Independent. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
  6. Westcott, Kathryn (2007-05-02). "Tzipi Livni: Israel's 'Mrs Clean'". BBC. Retrieved 2008-02-07.

External links

Categories: