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{{Short description|Estonian politician and physicist}}
{{Infobox_President
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
|name=Jaak Aaviksoo

|nationality=Estonian
{{Infobox officeholder
|image=JaakAaviksooUSArmy-cropped.jpg
| name = Jaak Aaviksoo
|order=26th ]
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| office = Minister of Culture and Education
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| term_start = 1995
|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1954|1|11|mf=y}}
| term_end = 1996
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| primeminister =
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| successor = ] <small>(as Minister of Education)</small><br />] <small>(as Minister of Culture)</small>
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| term_start2 = 2007
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| term_end2 = 2011
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| successor2 = ]
| office3 = ]
| term_start3 = 6 April 2011
| term_end3 = 26 March 2014
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| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|01|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = ], ]
| death_date =
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| nationality = ]n
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| occupation = Rector of ] (TalTech)
| profession = ]
| website =
}} }}


'''Jaak Aaviksoo''', born ] ] in ], ] (under the ] ] at the time) is an Estonian politician and current ]. He is a member of ] ]. '''Jaak Aaviksoo''' (born 11 January 1954) is an ]n ] and ], a former rector of the ] and ].

Aaviksoo has been the Estonian ] and ], he was a member of the ] party ].

Jaak Aaviksoo is the first rector in Estonia who is also an ].


== Education and career in science == == Education and career in science ==
After finishing Tartu Secondary School No. 2 (present-day ]) in 1971, Aaviksoo enetered the ] ] department in the chemistry-physics faculty and graduated '']'' in the field of ] in 1976. From 1976 to 1992 he was first junior, then senior and then leading scientist at the Physics Institute of the ] (named Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR until 1988). There he also become a Ph.D. in Physics (Thesis: On Resonant Secondary Emission in sodium nitrite and Authracene) in 1981. In 1992 he returned to ], this time as a ] of ] and ]. In 1995 he was the acting director of the ] institute of ] and ] and from 1992 to 1995 also the first pro-rector of ]. He became a member of the ] and thus an ] in 1994. From 1981 to 1994 Aaviksoo worked in many foreign institutes as a guest professor, namely the Novosibirsk Institute of Thermal Physics, the Max Planck Solid Objects Exploration Institute in Stuttgart, ] and ]. Aaviksoo was born in ]. After graduating from Tartu Secondary School No. 2 (present-day ]) in 1971, he entered the ] ] department in the chemistry-physics faculty and graduated '']'' in the field of ] in 1976. From 1976 to 1992 he was first junior, then senior and then leading scientist at the Physics Institute of the ] (named ''Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR'' until 1988). There he also became a PhD in physics (Thesis: "On Resonant Secondary Emission in Sodium Nitrite and Anthracene") in 1981. Aaviksoo was the first president of the ], founded in 1989.<ref>{{cite news|title=Eesti ja Soome Füüsika Seltsi ühised füüsikapäevad|url=http://www.horisont.ee/node/45|accessdate=17 January 2011|newspaper=]|year=2007|volume=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720125622/http://www.horisont.ee/node/45|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1992 he returned to ], this time as a ] of ] and ]. In 1995 he was the acting director of the ] institute of ] and ] and from 1992 to 1995 also the first vice-rector of University of Tartu. He became a member of the ] and thus an ] in 1994. From 1981 to 1994 Aaviksoo worked in many foreign institutes as a guest professor, namely the Novosibirsk Institute of Thermal Physics, the ] in Stuttgart, ] and ].


== First spell as a politician and rectorate of Tartu University == == Politician and rector of University of Tartu and TalTech ==
From November 1995 to January 1996 he was ] and from then to November 1997 he was the ] in the governments of ]. During this period he was also a member of the ] ] ], from which he resigned before becoming the ] of ] in 1998. He won a second and final five-year term in 2003, but resigned in 2006 to once again pursue a political career. From November 1995 to January 1996 Jaak Aaviksoo was ] and from then to November 1997 he was the ] in the governments of ].


In 1998 he became the ] of ]. He was re-elected for another five-year term as a rector in 2003.
== Restart of Aaviksoo's career in politics ==
=== Elections in 2007 ===


In 2006 Jaak Aaviksoo announced that he would be leaving the post of rector of ] to run for a seat in the Estonian parliament or ] in the ], this time not as a member of the Reform Party, but as a member of ] ]. Before joining the party and leaving his post as rector, Aaviksoo was considered as a candidate for the ], which were won by ]. After already having joined Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica, Aaviksoo sought to become the party's leader for the ] and so candidate for ], but lost a closely contested duel within the party to internationally renowned two-time former Prime Minister ]. In 2006 Jaak Aaviksoo announced that he would be leaving the post of rector of ] to run for a seat in the Estonian parliament ] in the ] as a member of ] ]. Before joining the party and leaving his post as rector, Aaviksoo was considered as a candidate for the ], which were won by ]. After already having joined Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica, Aaviksoo sought to become the party's leader for the ] and so candidate for ], but lost a closely contested duel within the party to internationally renowned two-time former Prime Minister ].


In the elections he gained 4241 votes in his district and was elected to ]. Aaviksoo's party was left third in the elections with 19 seats after the Reform Party with 31 and the ] with 29 seats. After ], leader of the Reform Party, invited Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica to form a coalition government, Aaviksoo was tipped for several high positions, i.e. the ] and ]. Surprisingly, he took the post of ] instead. In the elections he gained 4241 votes in his district and was elected to ]. He became the ] in ] second government. Having assumed office on 5 April 2007, his first primary goals as ] were restructuring the power management of the ] and dealing with the situation of the ], a Soviet war monument, which was moved to a cemetery, causing much controversy and ethnic tension between a large proportion Estonians and local Russians. He also saw the Estonian youth's weak will of defending their country as a serious problem.


In 2011 he was re-elected to parliament and he became the Minister of Education and Research in ] third government. As the Minister he strongly supported school reform and separating primary schools from gymnasiums.
=== As Minister of Defense ===
Having assumed office on ] ], his first primary goals as ] are restructuring the power management of the ] and dealing with the situation of the ], a Soviet war monument, which' soon-to-be-carried-out moving has caused much controversy and ethnic tension between a large proportion Estonians and local Russians. He also sees the Estonian youth's weak will of defending their country as a serious problem.


In March 2015 he gained 1405 votes at the parliament elections and became a member in Riigikogu. In the summer of 2015 he ran for the position of the rector of Tallinn University of Technology.
=== Allegations ===

At a commemoration of Estonian ] veterans in 2007, Defence Minister ] and Parliament member Trivimi Velliste were reportedly accompanied by crowds of youth dressed in what were alleged to be Nazi symbols.<ref name = "Estonia feting Nazi past draws ire">>Serebryany, Igor. "Estonia feting Nazi past draws ire". 6 August 2007. ''JTA: The Global News Service of the Jewish People''. http://jta.org/news/article-print/2007/08/06/103437/EstoniaSS Retrieved 5 June 2009.</ref> Veteran Nazi-hunter ] of the United States-based ] said that the events, attracting "dozens of foreign neo-Nazis," clearly demonstrated "the danger that they will encourage the rebirth of fascism and racist extremism."<ref> European Jewish Press. 8 August 2007. Retrieved 6 June 2009.</ref> Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Chairman ] has remarked that Estonia's efforts to gloss over its Nazi past would be high on the assembly’s agenda during its convention in ].<ref name = "Estonia feting Nazi past draws ire">Serebryany, Igor. "Estonia feting Nazi past draws ire". 6 August 2007. ''JTA: The Global News Service of the Jewish People''. http://jta.org/news/article-print/2007/08/06/103437/EstoniaSS Retrieved 5 June 2009.</ref>
Since September 2015 Jaak Aaviksoo is the rector of ].
Aaviksoo felt indignant however that Russia used ] to launch yet another propaganda campaign, pointing out that ] was a ] army group wearing the insignia of the Finnish army, not Nazi symbols. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.postimees.ee/160807/esileht/siseuudised/276283.php|title=Aaviksoo: Erna retk ei möödunud ilma Venemaa laimukampaaniata|last=Kass|first=Martti|date=2007-08-09|work=Postimees|language=Estonian|accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.epl.ee/artikkel/395678|title=Aaviksoo: Venemaa laimukampaania on nördimapanev|last=Pau|first=Aivar|date=2007-08-09|work=Eesti Päevaleht|publisher=EkspressMeedia|language=Estonian|accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref> A white swastika on a blue background has been a long-standing symbol of the Finnish armed forces since before usurped by Hitler in the rise of Nazism, and is still used by the ].<ref>, ''Why did the Finnish Air Force use the swastika as the national marking between 1918 and 1945? Why is the swastika still part of badges of Air Force units?''</ref>


== Personal life == == Personal life ==
Jaak Aaviksoo is married and a father of three. He speaks fluent English, German, Russian and French on an average level. Aaviksoo is married to ]. He is a father of three, a grandfather of seven and a great-grandfather of one.

He speaks fluent English, German, Russian and French on an average level.


== Works == == Works ==
Aaviksoo has publicized over 100 scientific articles and over 80 publicistic articles from 1976 to 2002. His more important publifications from the past decade are<ref>Biography on the official website of the Estonian Ministry of Defense </ref>: Aaviksoo has publicized over 100 scientific articles and over 80 publicistic articles from 1976 to 2002. His more important publifications from the past decade are:<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070430071315/http://mod.gov.ee/?op=body&id=320 |date=30 April 2007 }}</ref>


*J. Aaviksoo, C. Gourdon, R. Grousson, P. Lavallard, "Photoluminescence quantum yield in GaAs/AlAs superlattices", Solid State Electronics (vol. 40, no 1-8, p. 687, 1996) *J. Aaviksoo, C. Gourdon, R. Grousson, P. Lavallard, "Photoluminescence quantum yield in GaAs/AlAs superlattices", Solid State Electronics (vol. 40, no 1–8, p.&nbsp;687, 1996)
*J. Aaviksoo, C. Gourdon, P. Lavallard, "Power nonlinearities in the luminescence spectrum of GaAs/AlAs superlattices", Solid State Communications (vol. 99, no 6, p. 387, 1996) *J. Aaviksoo, C. Gourdon, P. Lavallard, "Power nonlinearities in the luminescence spectrum of GaAs/AlAs superlattices", Solid State Communications (vol. 99, no 6, p.&nbsp;387, 1996)
*S. O. Kognovitskii, V. V. Travnikov, J. Aaviksoo, I. Reimand, "Light Scattering by electrons in the absorption region of GaAs" - Phys. Solid State (vol. 39, no. 6, p. 907, 1997) *S. O. Kognovitskii, V. V. Travnikov, J. Aaviksoo, I. Reimand, "Light Scattering by electrons in the absorption region of GaAs" – Phys. Solid State (vol. 39, no. 6, p.&nbsp;907, 1997)
*I. Reimand, J. Aaviksoo, "Exciton interaction with hot electrons in GaAs", Technical digest of X International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena in Spectroscopy, (Tartu, 1997, p. 82) *I. Reimand, J. Aaviksoo, "Exciton interaction with hot electrons in GaAs", Technical digest of X International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena in Spectroscopy, (Tartu, 1997, p.&nbsp;82)
*J. Aaviksoo, "Estonian physicist: Active and productive", Science (vol. 275, no 5299, p. 463) *J. Aaviksoo, "Estonian physicist: Active and productive", Science (vol. 275, no 5299, p.&nbsp;463)
*J. Aaviksoo. Priorities for Higher Education in Central and Eastern European Countries. - Higher Education Management (vol. 9, no. 2, p. 19, 1997). *J. Aaviksoo. Priorities for Higher Education in Central and Eastern European Countries. – Higher Education Management (vol. 9, no. 2, p.&nbsp;19, 1997).
*I. Reimand, J. Aaviksoo, "Exciton interaction with hot electrons in GaAs", Phys. Rev. B 61, 2000, no 24, p 16653-16658 *I. Reimand, J. Aaviksoo, "Exciton interaction with hot electrons in GaAs", Phys. Rev. B 61, 2000, no 24, p 16653-16658
* J.Aaviksoo, J.Kuhl, K.Ploog, Observation of optical precursors at pulse propagation in GaAs. – Phys. Rev. A, 44, 25353–25356, 1991.
* I.Reimand, J.Aaviksoo, Surface polarization dynamics revealed by time-resolved resonant reflection of light. – Opt. Commun., 86(2) 142–146, 1991.
* J.Aaviksoo, I.Reimand, V.V.Rossin, V.V.Travnikov, Quenching of exciton luminescence by hot electrons in GaAs. – Fiz. Tverd. Tela, 33(8) 2408–2412, 1991. (in Russian).
* J.Aaviksoo, I.Reimand, V.V.Rossin, V.V.Travnikov, Kinetics of free exciton luminescence in GaAs. – Phys. Rev. B, 45(3) 1473–1476, 1992.
* T.Reinot, J.Aaviksoo, Propagation of polariton luminescence pulses in anthracene. – J. Lumin., 50(2) 259–264, 1991.
* J.Aaviksoo, T.Reinot, Ballistic propagation of luminescence pulses in anthracene crystal flakes. – J. Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst., 217, 147–151, 1992.
* J.Aaviksoo, I.Reimand, V.Rossin, V.Travnikov, Kinetics of exciton formation and relaxation in GaAs. – J. Lumin., 53, 423–426, 1992.
* J.Aaviksoo Estonian physicist: Active and Productive. – Science, 275, 463, 1997.


== Honors == == Honors ==
*Member of the ] (1994) *Member of the ] (1994)
*], class IV, of the Republic of Estonia (2000)<ref name="estdecorations">{{cite web|title=Bearers of decorations|url=http://www.president.ee/en/estonia/decorations/bearers.php?tm=&pn=Aaviksoo&en=Jaak|publisher=President.ee|accessdate=17 January 2011}}</ref>
*The ]n Order of the State Coat of Arms, class IV (1999)
*The ] of the ] (2000) *Grand Cross of the ] (2000)
*The Order of Merit of the ] (2001) *Medal of the ] (2000)
*The White Rose Order of the ] (2001) *The Medal of the ] (2002)
*The Medal of the ] (2002) *Honorary Doctor of the ] (2003)
*Honorary doctoral degree of ] (2003) *Member of ] (2004)
*], class II, of the Republic of Estonia (2006)<ref name="estdecorations"/>
*Member of ] (2004)
*The White Star services badge of the ] (2006) * ] (2006)
*], III class (2007)
* ] (2007)
* Order of the Three Stars of the Republic of Latvia (2009)
* Estonian Defence League White Cross, I class (2011)
* Honorary Doctor of the ] (2012)


== References == == References ==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Jaak Aaviksoo}}

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Latest revision as of 04:48, 13 December 2024

Estonian politician and physicist

Jaak Aaviksoo
Minister of Culture and Education
In office
1995–1996
Preceded byPeeter Kreitzberg
Succeeded byRein Loik (as Minister of Education)
Jaak Allik (as Minister of Culture)
Minister of Defence
In office
2007–2011
Prime MinisterAndrus Ansip
Preceded byJürgen Ligi
Succeeded byMart Laar
Minister of Education and Research
In office
6 April 2011 – 26 March 2014
Prime MinisterAndrus Ansip
Preceded byTõnis Lukas
Succeeded byJevgeni Ossinovski
Personal details
Born (1954-01-11) 11 January 1954 (age 70)
Tartu, Estonia
Political partyUnion of Pro Patria and Res Publica
SpouseTiina Kaalep
Alma materUniversity of Tartu
OccupationRector of Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech)
ProfessionPhysicist

Jaak Aaviksoo (born 11 January 1954) is an Estonian politician and physicist, a former rector of the University of Tartu and Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech).

Aaviksoo has been the Estonian Minister of Defence and Minister of Education and Research, he was a member of the liberal conservative party Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica.

Jaak Aaviksoo is the first rector in Estonia who is also an academician.

Education and career in science

Aaviksoo was born in Tartu. After graduating from Tartu Secondary School No. 2 (present-day Miina Härma Gymnasium) in 1971, he entered the Tartu State University physics department in the chemistry-physics faculty and graduated cum laude in the field of theoretical physics in 1976. From 1976 to 1992 he was first junior, then senior and then leading scientist at the Physics Institute of the Estonian Academy of Sciences (named Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR until 1988). There he also became a PhD in physics (Thesis: "On Resonant Secondary Emission in Sodium Nitrite and Anthracene") in 1981. Aaviksoo was the first president of the Estonian Physical Society, founded in 1989. In 1992 he returned to University of Tartu, this time as a professor of optics and spectroscopy. In 1995 he was the acting director of the Tartu University institute of experimental physics and technology and from 1992 to 1995 also the first vice-rector of University of Tartu. He became a member of the Estonian Academy of Sciences and thus an academician in 1994. From 1981 to 1994 Aaviksoo worked in many foreign institutes as a guest professor, namely the Novosibirsk Institute of Thermal Physics, the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart, Osaka University and University of Paris VII: Denis Diderot.

Politician and rector of University of Tartu and TalTech

From November 1995 to January 1996 Jaak Aaviksoo was Minister of Culture and Education and from then to November 1997 he was the Estonian Minister of Education in the governments of Tiit Vähi.

In 1998 he became the rector of University of Tartu. He was re-elected for another five-year term as a rector in 2003.

In 2006 Jaak Aaviksoo announced that he would be leaving the post of rector of University of Tartu to run for a seat in the Estonian parliament Riigikogu in the 2007 elections as a member of liberal conservative Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica. Before joining the party and leaving his post as rector, Aaviksoo was considered as a candidate for the presidential elections in 2006, which were won by Toomas Hendrik Ilves. After already having joined Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica, Aaviksoo sought to become the party's leader for the 2007 parliamentary elections and so candidate for Prime Minister of Estonia, but lost a closely contested duel within the party to internationally renowned two-time former Prime Minister Mart Laar.

In the elections he gained 4241 votes in his district and was elected to Riigikogu. He became the Minister of Defence in Andrus Ansip's second government. Having assumed office on 5 April 2007, his first primary goals as Minister of Defence were restructuring the power management of the Estonian Defense Forces and dealing with the situation of the Bronze Soldier of Tallinn, a Soviet war monument, which was moved to a cemetery, causing much controversy and ethnic tension between a large proportion Estonians and local Russians. He also saw the Estonian youth's weak will of defending their country as a serious problem.

In 2011 he was re-elected to parliament and he became the Minister of Education and Research in Andrus Ansip's third government. As the Minister he strongly supported school reform and separating primary schools from gymnasiums.

In March 2015 he gained 1405 votes at the parliament elections and became a member in Riigikogu. In the summer of 2015 he ran for the position of the rector of Tallinn University of Technology.

Since September 2015 Jaak Aaviksoo is the rector of Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech).

Personal life

Aaviksoo is married to Tiina Kaalep. He is a father of three, a grandfather of seven and a great-grandfather of one.

He speaks fluent English, German, Russian and French on an average level.

Works

Aaviksoo has publicized over 100 scientific articles and over 80 publicistic articles from 1976 to 2002. His more important publifications from the past decade are:

  • J. Aaviksoo, C. Gourdon, R. Grousson, P. Lavallard, "Photoluminescence quantum yield in GaAs/AlAs superlattices", Solid State Electronics (vol. 40, no 1–8, p. 687, 1996)
  • J. Aaviksoo, C. Gourdon, P. Lavallard, "Power nonlinearities in the luminescence spectrum of GaAs/AlAs superlattices", Solid State Communications (vol. 99, no 6, p. 387, 1996)
  • S. O. Kognovitskii, V. V. Travnikov, J. Aaviksoo, I. Reimand, "Light Scattering by electrons in the absorption region of GaAs" – Phys. Solid State (vol. 39, no. 6, p. 907, 1997)
  • I. Reimand, J. Aaviksoo, "Exciton interaction with hot electrons in GaAs", Technical digest of X International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena in Spectroscopy, (Tartu, 1997, p. 82)
  • J. Aaviksoo, "Estonian physicist: Active and productive", Science (vol. 275, no 5299, p. 463)
  • J. Aaviksoo. Priorities for Higher Education in Central and Eastern European Countries. – Higher Education Management (vol. 9, no. 2, p. 19, 1997).
  • I. Reimand, J. Aaviksoo, "Exciton interaction with hot electrons in GaAs", Phys. Rev. B 61, 2000, no 24, p 16653-16658
  • J.Aaviksoo, J.Kuhl, K.Ploog, Observation of optical precursors at pulse propagation in GaAs. – Phys. Rev. A, 44, 25353–25356, 1991.
  • I.Reimand, J.Aaviksoo, Surface polarization dynamics revealed by time-resolved resonant reflection of light. – Opt. Commun., 86(2) 142–146, 1991.
  • J.Aaviksoo, I.Reimand, V.V.Rossin, V.V.Travnikov, Quenching of exciton luminescence by hot electrons in GaAs. – Fiz. Tverd. Tela, 33(8) 2408–2412, 1991. (in Russian).
  • J.Aaviksoo, I.Reimand, V.V.Rossin, V.V.Travnikov, Kinetics of free exciton luminescence in GaAs. – Phys. Rev. B, 45(3) 1473–1476, 1992.
  • T.Reinot, J.Aaviksoo, Propagation of polariton luminescence pulses in anthracene. – J. Lumin., 50(2) 259–264, 1991.
  • J.Aaviksoo, T.Reinot, Ballistic propagation of luminescence pulses in anthracene crystal flakes. – J. Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst., 217, 147–151, 1992.
  • J.Aaviksoo, I.Reimand, V.Rossin, V.Travnikov, Kinetics of exciton formation and relaxation in GaAs. – J. Lumin., 53, 423–426, 1992.
  • J.Aaviksoo Estonian physicist: Active and Productive. – Science, 275, 463, 1997.

Honors

References

  1. "Eesti ja Soome Füüsika Seltsi ühised füüsikapäevad". Horisont. Vol. 2. 2007. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
  2. Biography on the official website of the Estonian Ministry of Defense Archived 30 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ "Bearers of decorations". President.ee. Retrieved 17 January 2011.

External links

Political offices
Preceded byPeeter Kreitzberg Minister of Culture and Education
1995–1996 		Succeeded byJaak Allikas Minister of Culture
Succeeded byJaak Aaviksooas Minister of Education
Preceded byJaak Aaviksoo Minister of Education
1996 		Succeeded byRein Loik
Preceded byPeeter Tulviste Rector of University of Tartu
1998–2006 		Succeeded byTõnu Lehtsaar (acting)
Preceded byJürgen Ligi Minister of Defence
2007–2011 		Succeeded byMart Laar
Preceded byTõnis Lukas Minister of Education and Research
2011–2014 		Succeeded byJevgeni Ossinovski
Preceded byAndres Keevallik Rector of Tallinn University of Technology
2015–2020 		Succeeded byTiit Land
Categories: