West Herzegovina Canton: Difference between revisions

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			{{Short description\|Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
	{{Infobox Settlement
			{{More citations needed\|date=December 2016}}
	\|official_name = West Herzegovina Canton
			{{Infobox country
	\|other_name =''Zapadno-hercegovačka županija<br>Zapadno-hercegovački kanton<br>Западно-херцеговачки кантон''
			\| conventional_long_name = West Herzegovina Canton
	\|native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
	\|~~nickname~~ =		\| native_name = Županija Zapadnohercegovačka
			\| image_flag =
	\|settlement_type = ] <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->
	\|~~motto~~ =		\| image_coat =
	\|~~image_skyline~~ =		\| common_name = West Herzegovina Canton
			\| image_map = West_Herzegovina_in_Federation_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg
	\|imagesize =
	\|~~image_caption~~ =		\| capital = ]
			\| coordinates = {{Coord\|43\|24\|N\|17\|25\|E\|region:BA_type:adm2nd\|display=inline,title}}
	<!--
	\|~~image_flag~~ = ~~Flag of Herzeg-Bosnia.svg~~		\| largest_city = ]
			\| official_languages = ]
	\|flag_size = 100px
			\| ethnic_groups = 98.8% ]<br />1.2% others
	\|image_seal =
			\| ethnic_groups_year = 2013<ref>{{cite book\|title=Sarajevo, juni 2016. CENZUS OF POPULATION, HOUSEHOLDS AND DWELLINGS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, 2013 FINAL RESULTS\|publisher=BHAS\|url=http://www.popis2013.ba/popis2013/doc/Popis2013prvoIzdanje.pdf\|access-date=30 June 2016}}</ref>
	\|seal_size =
	\|~~image_shield~~ = ~~Coat~~ of ~~arms~~ of ~~Herzeg-Bosnia.svg~~		\| demonym = West Herzegovinian
			\| government_type = ]
	\|shield_size = 80px
			\| leader_title1 = ]
	-->
			\| leader_name1 = Predrag Čović (])
	\|city_logo =
			\| legislature = Assembly of the West Herzegovina Canton
	\|citylogo_size =
			\| leader_title2 = President of Assembly
	\|image_map = Bosnia and Herzegovina subdivision map West Herzegovina Canton.png
			\| leader_name2 = Ivan Jelčić (])
	\|mapsize = 200px
			\| sovereignty_type = ]
	\|map_caption = Location of the West Herzegovina County
	\|~~image_map1~~ =		\| sovereignty_note =
			\| established_event1 = Establishment
	\|mapsize1 =
	\|~~map_caption1~~ =		\| established_date1 = 12 June 1996
			\| established_event2 = <!--Second key event-->
	\|image_dot_map =
			\| established_date2 = <!--Date of second key event-->
	\|dot_mapsize =
	\|~~dot_map_caption~~ =		\| area_rank =
			\| area_km2 = 1362
	\|dot_x = \|dot_y =
			\| area_sq_mi = 525.8
	\|pushpin_map = <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/Template:Location_map -->
			\| percent_water =
	\|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
	\|~~pushpin_map_caption~~ =		\| population_estimate =
			\| population_estimate_rank =
	\|pushpin_mapsize =
			\| population_estimate_year =
	\|subdivision_type = Country
			\| population_census = 94,898
	\|subdivision_name = ]
			\| population_census_year = 2013
	\|subdivision_type1 = Entity
			\| population_density_km2 = 71.87
	\|subdivision_name1 = ]
			\| population_density_sq_mi = 186.18
	\|subdivision_type2 = Main city
			\| population_density_rank =
	\|subdivision_name2 = ]
			\| nummembers = <!--An alternative to population for micronation-->
	\|subdivision_type3 = ]
			\| GDP_PPP = <!--(Gross Domestic Product from Purchasing Power Parity)-->
	\|subdivision_name3 = ], ], ], ]
	\|~~subdivision_type4~~ =		\| GDP_PPP_rank =
	\|~~subdivision_name4~~ =		\| GDP_PPP_year = 2022
			\| GDP_PPP_per_capita = 23.378 ]
	\|government_footnotes =
			\| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
	\|government_type =
	\|~~leader_title~~ =~~Head of canton~~		\| GDP_nominal = ] 375.825 million
			\| GDP_nominal_rank =
	\|leader_name =]
	\|~~leader_title1~~ =		\| GDP_nominal_year = 2022
			\| GDP_nominal_per_capita = ] 9.568
	\|leader_name1 =
			\| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
	\|leader_title2 =
			\| Gini = <!--(Gini measure of income inequality; input number only; valid values are between 0 and 100)-->
	\|leader_name2 =
			\| Gini_ref = <!--(for any ref/s to associate with Gini number)-->
	\|leader_title3 =
	\|~~leader_name3~~ =		\| Gini_rank =
	\|~~leader_title4~~ =		\| Gini_year =
			\| HDI_year = <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
	\|leader_name4 =
	\|~~established_title~~ =		\| HDI = 0.812
			\| HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady; rank change from previous year-->
	\|established_date =
			\| HDI_rank =
	\|established_title2 =
	\|~~established_date2~~ =		\| HDI_ref =
			\| currency = ]
	\|established_title3 =
			\| currency_code = <!--ISO 4217 code/s for currency/ies (each usually three capital letters)-->
	\|established_date3 =
	\|~~area_magnitude~~ =		\| time_zone = ]
			\| utc_offset = +1
	\|unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
			\| time_zone_DST = ]
	\|area_footnotes =
	\|~~area_total_km2~~ = ~~1362.0~~		\| utc_offset_DST = +2
	\|~~area_land_km2~~ =		\| date_format = dd-mm-yyyy
	\|~~area_water_km2~~ =		\| drives_on = right
			\| official_website = {{URL\|http://vladazzh.com}}
	\|area_total_sq_mi =
	\|area_land_sq_mi =
	\|area_water_sq_mi =
	\|area_water_percent =
	\|area_urban_km2 =
	\|area_urban_sq_mi =
	\|area_metro_km2 =
	\|area_metro_sq_mi =
	\|population_as_of =
	\|population_footnotes =
	\|population_note =
	\|population_total = 81,523
	\|population_density_km2 =
	\|population_density_sq_mi =
	\|population_metro =
	\|population_density_metro_km2 =
	\|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
	\|population_urban =
	\|population_density_urban_km2 =
	\|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
	\|population_blank1_title =
	\|population_blank1 =
	\|population_density_blank1_km2 =
	\|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
	\|timezone =
	\|utc_offset =
	\|timezone_DST =
	\|utc_offset_DST =
	\|latd=43 \|latm=24 \|lats= \|latNS=N
	\|longd=17 \|longm=25 \|longs= \|longEW=E
	\|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> tags-->
	\|elevation_m =
	\|elevation_ft =
	\|postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
	\|postal_code =
	\|area_code =
	\|blank_name =
	\|blank_info =
	\|blank1_name =
	\|blank1_info =
	\|website =
	\|footnotes =
	}}		}}
	'''West Herzegovina Canton''' is one of the 10 ] of ].
	==Geography and population==

			The '''West Herzegovina Canton''' ({{langx\|hr\|] Zapadnohercegovačka}}) is one of the ]. The West Herzegovina Canton is in the ] region in the southwest of ]. Its seat of government is in ], while other municipalities within the Canton are ], ] and ]. It has 94,898 inhabitants, of whom more than 98% are ethnic ]. Economically, it is the most developed part of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
	It is located in the south of the country. It has a total area of 1362 skm and 81,523 inhabitants. The center of canton government is ]. Citizens of the county are mostly ethnic Croats (absolute majority) .The ethnic composition did not change in any relevant extent during the war.

	==~~Municipalities~~==		==History==
			{{unreferenced section\|date=December 2016}}
	]
			The majority of the present-day West Herzegovina Canton was part of ], the medieval ] principality. In the 15th century, it became part of the ] under ], who proclaimed himself the herzog (duke), thus giving the name for the whole region - Herzegovina. The ] conquered Herzegovina in 1483 when the territory of the West Herzegovina Canton became part of the ]. In 1833 the Sanjak of Herzegovina became more autonomous under ], who became ] of the ], however, after his death, Herzegovina once again became a ]. In 1878 the whole territory was occupied and later in 1908 annexed by the ], who held it until 1918. During that time, the territory of the West Herzegovina Canton was part of the District of ] in the ].
	The canton is divided into the municipalities of ], ], ] and ].
			]
			After the collapse of Austria-Hungary and after the creation of the ], the territory of the West Herzegovina Canton remained part of the District of Mostar. However, with the creation of banovinas in 1929, the territory became part of the ], and in 1939 it was incorporated in the ], where it ''de iure'' remained until 1943.

			During World War II, the territory of the West Herzegovina Canton became part of the ], a Nazi-affiliated puppet state created in April 1941. Administratively, it was part of the ], having Mostar as its capital. The puppet state collapsed in May 1945.
	According to the 1991 census the population of the municipalities was
	*] - Total: 16,358
	** ] - 16,210 (99.09%)
	** ] - 9 (0.05%)
	** ] - 4 (0.02%)
	** ] - 5 (0.03%)
	* Other, undecided and unknown - 130 (0.81%)
	*] Total: 28,340
	** ] - 26,127 (92,19%)
	** ] - 1,592 (5,61%)
	** ] - 65 (0,22%)
	** ] - 227 (0,80%)
	** Other, undecided and unknown - 329 (1.18%)
	*] - Total: 17,134
	** ] - 16,963 (99.00%)
	** ] - 9 (0.05%)
	** ] - 6 (0.03%)
	** ] - 26 (0.15%)
	** Other, undecided and unknown - 130 (0.77%)
	*] - Total: 27,160
	** ] - 26,864 (98.91%)
	** ] - 148 (0.54%)
	** ] - 9 (0.03%)
	** ] - 20 (0.07%)
	** Other, undecided and unknown - 119 (0.45%)

			The ] formed the ] (later renamed to Socialist Republic), as a federal unit of ],<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Sancaktar \|first=Caner \|date=Spring 2012 \|title=Historical Construction And Development of Bosniak Nation \|journal=]}}</ref> of which the territory of the West Herzegovina Canton became part as well. However, in the process of the collapse of the communist regime, ethnic Croats formed the ], which encompassed all Croat-majority municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including those of the West Herzegovina Canton.
	== Administration ==
	]
	The County government is located in Široki Brijeg . It is divided in following ministries:
	*Ministriy of Internal affairs (Ministarstvo unutarnjih poslova)-headquarters:Ljubuški
	*Ministry of justice and administration (Ministarstvo pravosuđa i uprave)-)-headquarters:Široki Brijeg
	*Ministarstvo financija (Ministry of treasury)-)-headquarters:Ljubuški
	*Ministry of resources and environoment protection (Ministarstvo prostornog uređenja, resursa i zaštite okoliša))-headquarters:Posušje
	*Ministry of science, education , culture and sport( Ministarstvo prosvjete, znanosti, kulture i športa))-headquarters:Široki Brijeg
	*Ministry of health , labour and social security (Ministarstvo zdravstva, rada i socijalne skrbi)-headquarters:Grude

			During the ], the Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia was later proclaimed a republic in 1993. The following year, in 1994, it became part of the Croat-Bosniak ], which led to the formation of ten ] in June 1996, including the West Herzegovina Canton.
	*Ministry of Croatian defenders of Homeland war (Ministarstvo hrvatskih branitelja iz Domovinskog rata )-headquarters:Grude

	==~~Symbols~~==		==Geography==
			West Herzegovina Canton is located in the Herzegovina region of southwest Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has ] mountain to the north, Croatia to the west and south, and the ] to the east. The area of the canton is {{cvt\|1,363\|km2}}.<ref name=Infos>{{cite web\|url=http://www.vladazzh.com/o_zupaniji\|title=Općenito o Županiji\|publisher=Government of the West Herzegovina Canton\|language=hr\|access-date=16 August 2012}}</ref>
	], which includes the coat of arms in the center.]]
	The flag and coat of arms of the canton are same as flag and coat of arms of the former ]. ], another canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also used this flag and coat of arms. These symbols have been deemed unconstitutional by the Federation Constitutional Court, because it only represented one group.<ref>http://www.ustavnisudfbih.ba/bos/odluke/odluke/u11_97.htm</ref> The local government, however, continues using them.

			The canton has three rivers: ], ] and ], and the ]. Its highest peak is ] on the Čvrsnica mountain, 2,228 metres.<ref name=Infos/>
	==See also==
			]]]
	*]
			The canton is a very mountainous area especially in Posušje (where it also becomes mountainous) and the northern parts of Široki Brijeg. The region is interlaced with karst fields with which the mountains of western and northern Herzegovina descend to the sea. Dugo polje (1150–1250 m) is the first step, followed by Rakitno polje (870–910 m), Posuško polje (580–610 m), Bekijsko polje (260–300 m), Mostarsko Blato (220 m) and Ljubuško polje (80–100 m) with which the descent ends. The rivers Lištica and Tihaljina flow through western Herzegovina, Ričina sometimes flows through the Posusje field and Ugrovača through the Kočerin field. The territory as a whole belongs to the Neretva basin or the ]. The highest mountains are Čvrsnica (municipality of Posušje), Čabulja (municipality of Široki Brijeg), Štitar (municipality of Posušje), Zavelim (municipality of Posušje), Kušanovac (municipality of Posušje) and (municipality of Široki Brijeg) and Radovanj ( Municipality of Posušje).

	== ~~External links~~ ==		=== Climate ===
			In all towns in the canton of western Herzegovina, the sub-Mediterranean climate type prevails, except in Ljubuški, where the ] predominates. There is also a significant difference between the sub-Mediterranean climate in Posušje and the sub-Mediterranean climate in Široki Brijeg and Grude. In Posušje, mountain and Mediterranean influences collide, so the sub-Mediterranean climate in Posušje is harsher and closer to the temperate ] prevailing in the area of Tribistovo, Radovnje, etc. ]s in western Herzegovina are hot and temperatures exceed 35 degrees. In ], snow is also not impossible in Ljubuški, but it is more frequent and common in the northernmost towns, especially in Posušje, where it sometimes falls profusely and remains for a long time.
	*

			==Politics and government==
	== References ==
			{{more citations needed section\|date=December 2016}}

			]

			===Assembly===
			The Assembly of the West Herzegovina Canton ({{langx\|hr\|Skupština Županije Zapadnohercegovačke}}) is the legislature of the West Herzegovina Canton, serving as the ] ] of the citizens of the West Herzegovina Canton. It has 23 representatives elected directly at the Bosnian general election. The representatives have a four-year term. The Assembly enacts the local Constitution, laws and other regulations and elects the Government.

			=== Government ===

			The Government of the West Herzegovina Canton ({{langx\|hr\|Vlada Županije Zapadnohercegovačke}}) is led by the ] who has one deputy and it consists of seven ministries. The ministries have different seats, with each municipality having two ministries, while the capital ] serves as the seat of the Prime Minister.

			{\|class="wikitable"
			! Position
			! Portfolio
			! Seat
			! Officeholder
			! colspan=2\|Party
			\|-
			\| colspan=2\|Prime Minister
			\| ]
			\| Predrag Čović
			\| width=5px style="background-color:{{party color\|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}"\|
			\| ]
			\|-
			\| Deputy Prime Minister
			\| Finance
			\| ]
			\| Blagica Leko
			\| width=5px style="background-color:{{party color\|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}"\|
			\| ]
			\|-
			\| Deputy Prime Minister
			\| Economy
			\| ]
			\| Dario Sesar
			\| width=5px style="background-color:{{party color\|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}"\|
			\| ]
			\|-
			\| Minister
			\| Internal Affairs
			\| ]
			\| Mladen Bebek
			\| width=5px style="background-color:{{party color\|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}"\|
			\| ]
			\|-
			\| Minister
			\| Judiciary and Administration
			\| ]
			\| Vjekoslav Lasić
			\| width=5px style="background-color:{{party color\|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}"\|
			\| ]
			\|-
			\| Minister
			\| Urban Development, Construction and Environment
			\| ]
			\| Zvonimir Širić
			\| width=5px style="background-color:{{party color\|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}"\|
			\| ]
			\|-
			\| Minister
			\| Education, Science, Culture and Sports
			\| ]
			\| Daniela Perić
			\| width=5px style="background-color:{{party color\|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}"\|
			\| ]
			\|-
			\| Minister
			\| Healthcare, Labour and Social Welfare
			\| ]
			\| Tomislav Pejić
			\| width=5px style="background-color:{{party color\|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}"\|
			\| ]
			\|-
			\| Minister
			\| Veterans
			\| ]
			\| Mladen Begić
			\| width=5px style="background-color:{{party color\|Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}"\|
			\| ]
			\|-
			\|}

			===Flag and coat of arms===
			]
			]]]
			The coat of arms is a variant of the historical ]. The flag is a horizontal tricolour of red, white and blue, with the coat of arms in the middle.<ref name="zakon"/> These symbols were also used by ] and the former ].

			The flag and coat of arms were originally regulated by the cantonal constitution. However, by a decision of the ], the constitutional provisions on cantonal symbols were marked as unconstitutional in 1998.<ref>{{citation\|url=https://www.ombudsmen.gov.ba/documents/obmudsmen_doc2018120508261635bos.pdf\|pages=63, 123\|lang=bs\|title=Specijalni izvještaj o izgledu, upotrebi i zaštiti državnih, odnosno službenih obilježjau Bosni i Hercegovini\|trans-title=Special report on the appearance, use and protection of state and official symbols in Bosnia and Herzegovina\|author=Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman/Ombudsmen of Bosnia and Herzegovina\|publication-date=October 2018\|publication-place=Banja Luka}}</ref> Acting on the court's decision, the Cantonal Assembly removed the disputed provisions in 2000 and adopted a new law on the flag and coat of arms in 2003 that restored the same symbols.<ref name="zakon">{{citation\|url=http://mpiuzzh.com/images/files/Zakon-022-1.pdf\|work=] Županije Zapadnohercegovačke\|trans-work=Official Gazette of the West Herzegovina Canton\|pages=126{{ndash}}128\|title=Zakon O Uporabi Grba I Zastave Županije Zapadnohercegovačke\|lang=hr\|trans-title=Law on the Use of the Coat of Arms and Flag of the West Herzegovina County\|publication-date=2003-04-14\|access-date=2022-12-15}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|url=https://www.ohr.int/ohr-dept/legal/laws-of-bih/pdf/001%20-%20Constitutions/Cantonal%20Constitutions/WHC%20CONSTITUTION%20OF%20CANTON%208%20-%20WESTERN-HERZEGOVINA%20CANTON.pdf\|title=Constitution of the Western-Herzegovina Canton\|access-date=2022-12-14\|publication-date=2015-12-17\|page=2\|publisher=]}}</ref><ref>{{citation\|url=https://zeljko-heimer-fame.from.hr/descr/ba-08.html\|date=2012-12-28\|access-date=2022-12-15\|title=The FAME: Western Herzegovina Canton\|last=Heimer\|first=Zeljko}}{{Self-published source\|date=December 2022\|expert=y}}</ref>

			==Economy==
			According to the data of the Federal Institute for Development Programming, the West Herzegovina Canton had the nominal GDP of 487.211 million ], the seventh largest in the ], before the ], the ] and the ]. It generated 2.90% of the total GDP of the ]. The West Herzegovina Canton has fifth largest GDP per capita, amounting to 5,973 BAM, while the average in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is 7,188 BAM.{{sfn\|FZZPR\|2014\|p=5}}
			]

			This region, before the war, was one of the poorest regions in BiH. Today it is one of the richest.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.poskok.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=16983:bakula-nemamo-izbora-smanjit-emo-plae&catid=71:ciroki-brijeg&Itemid=51\|title=Bakula: Nemamo izbora - smanjit ćemo plaće\|website=Poskok.info\|access-date=29 December 2016}}</ref><ref name=Economy>{{cite web\|url=http://www.vladazzh.com/o_zupaniji/poljoprivreda\|title=Poljoprivreda\|publisher=Government of the West Herzegovina Canton\|access-date=28 August 2012}}</ref> Despite the canton's small size in area, its agricultural sector is important. In the canton, 30,000 ha (120 sq miles) is used for agriculture; 84,000 ha (320 sq miles) is forest. Around 6,000 ha of arable land is below 100 metres in altitude. The Canton has a strong potential {{clarify\|date=December 2016}} for the production of vegetables, fruit and wine, as well as meat and milk processing plants.<ref name=Economy/>

			===Infrastructure===
			The West Herzegovina Canton has a central location in ], and as such has favorable traffic characteristics. The future route of the motorway of the ], where there is also a connection with the ] from ] to ], which means the entire West Herzegovina Canton in encircled by two EU corridors, the E73 and the ]. The crossroad of these corridors is in the hinterland of ] port, making the Canton of West Herzegovina the "portal of the South East Europe".{{sfn\|REDAH\|2010\|p=30}}

			==Demographics==
			According to the latest census data, the vast majority of the local population is made up of ]. The most dominant religion in the canton is ], with ] being the most numerous denomination. The most significant non-Christian minority are ] with 1.8% of the total population. Most of them were in Ljubuški.
			]

			===2013 Census===
			{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
			! rowspan="2" \| Municipality
			! colspan="8" \| Nationality
			! rowspan="2" \| Total
			\|-
			! Croats
			! %
			! Bosniaks
			! %
			! Serbs
			! %
			! Other
			! %
			\|-
			\| style="text-align:left;" \| ]
			\| 27,327 \|\| 96.96
			\| 689 \|\| 2.44
			\| 23 \|\| 0.08
			\| 556 \|\| 1.97
			\| 28,184
			\|-
			\| style="text-align:left;" \| ]
			\| 28,814 \|\| 99.60
			\| 6 \|\| 0.02
			\| 45 \|\| 0.16
			\| 64 \|\| 0.22
			\| 28,929
			\|-
			\| style="text-align:left;" \| ]
			\| 20,424 \|\| 99.74
			\| 2 \|\| 0.01
			\| 5 \|\| 0.02
			\| 12 \|\| 0.06
			\| 20,477
			\|-
			\| style="text-align:left;" \| ]
			\| 17,206 \|\| 99.41
			\| 3 \|\| 0.02
			\| 10 \|\| 0.06
			\| 11 \|\| 0.06
			\| 17,308
			\|-
			! Canton
			\| 93,725 \|\| 98.76
			\| 700 \|\| 0.74
			\| 83 \|\| 0.09
			\| 354 \|\| 0.37
			\| 94,898
			\|-
			\|}
			Page text.<ref>, additional text.</ref>

			==Official holidays==
			]
			According to local laws, the official holidays (non-working days) in the canton are:
			* January 1 – ]
			* January 6 – ]
			* May 1 – ]
			* May 30 – Pan-Croatian statehood day (same as: Statehood day of Croatia)
			* August 15 – ]
			* November 1 – ]
			* November 2 – ]
			* November 18 – the foundation of ]
			* December 25 and 26 – ] Day and ]

			==See also==
			* ]
			* ]

			==References==
			===Notes===
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}
	{{Cantons of Bosnia}}
	{{Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}

			===Books===
	{{coord\|43\|24\|N\|17\|25\|E\|region:BA_type:adm2nd\|display=title}}
			{{Refbegin}}
			* {{cite book\|author=Group of authors \|year=2010 \|title=Studija razvoja poslovnih zona u Zapadnohercegovačkoj županiji \|language=hr \|location=Mostar \|publisher=REDAH \|ref={{harvid\|REDAH\|2010}}}}
			{{Refend}}

			{{Cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
			{{Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
			{{Authority control}}

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Latest revision as of 06:54, 11 November 2024

Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina

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West Herzegovina CantonŽupanija Zapadnohercegovačka

Capitaland largest city	Široki Brijeg 43°24′N 17°25′E / 43.400°N 17.417°E / 43.400; 17.417
Official languages	Croatian
Ethnic groups (2013)	98.8% Croats 1.2% others
Demonym(s)	West Herzegovinian
Government	Parliamentary system

• Premier	Predrag Čović (HDZ BiH)
• President of Assembly	Ivan Jelčić (HDZ BiH)

Legislature	Assembly of the West Herzegovina Canton
Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Establishment	12 June 1996

Area
• Total	1,362 km (526 sq mi)
Population
• 2013 census	94,898
• Density	71.87/km (186.1/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2022 estimate
• Per capita	23.378 USD
GDP (nominal)	2022 estimate
• Total	USD 375.825 million
• Per capita	USD 9.568
HDI	0.812 very high
Currency	BAM
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy
Drives on	Right
Website vladazzh.com

The West Herzegovina Canton (Croatian: Županija Zapadnohercegovačka) is one of the cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The West Herzegovina Canton is in the Herzegovina region in the southwest of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its seat of government is in Široki Brijeg, while other municipalities within the Canton are Grude, Ljubuški and Posušje. It has 94,898 inhabitants, of whom more than 98% are ethnic Croats. Economically, it is the most developed part of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

History

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The majority of the present-day West Herzegovina Canton was part of Zachlumia, the medieval South Slavic principality. In the 15th century, it became part of the Duchy of Saint Sava under Stjepan Vukčić Kosača, who proclaimed himself the herzog (duke), thus giving the name for the whole region - Herzegovina. The Ottomans conquered Herzegovina in 1483 when the territory of the West Herzegovina Canton became part of the Sanjak of Herzegovina. In 1833 the Sanjak of Herzegovina became more autonomous under Ali-paša Rizvanbegović, who became pasha of the Herzegovina Eyalet, however, after his death, Herzegovina once again became a sanjak. In 1878 the whole territory was occupied and later in 1908 annexed by the Austria-Hungary, who held it until 1918. During that time, the territory of the West Herzegovina Canton was part of the District of Mostar in the Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

After the collapse of Austria-Hungary and after the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, the territory of the West Herzegovina Canton remained part of the District of Mostar. However, with the creation of banovinas in 1929, the territory became part of the Littoral Banovina, and in 1939 it was incorporated in the Banovina of Croatia, where it de iure remained until 1943.

During World War II, the territory of the West Herzegovina Canton became part of the Independent State of Croatia, a Nazi-affiliated puppet state created in April 1941. Administratively, it was part of the County of Hum, having Mostar as its capital. The puppet state collapsed in May 1945.

The Yugoslav Partisans formed the People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (later renamed to Socialist Republic), as a federal unit of Yugoslavia, of which the territory of the West Herzegovina Canton became part as well. However, in the process of the collapse of the communist regime, ethnic Croats formed the Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia, which encompassed all Croat-majority municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including those of the West Herzegovina Canton.

During the Bosnian War, the Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia was later proclaimed a republic in 1993. The following year, in 1994, it became part of the Croat-Bosniak Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which led to the formation of ten cantons in June 1996, including the West Herzegovina Canton.

Geography

West Herzegovina Canton is located in the Herzegovina region of southwest Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has Čvrsnica mountain to the north, Croatia to the west and south, and the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton to the east. The area of the canton is 1,363 km (526 sq mi).

The canton has three rivers: Lištica, Trebižat and Ričina, and the Blidinje Lake. Its highest peak is Pločno on the Čvrsnica mountain, 2,228 metres.

The canton is a very mountainous area especially in Posušje (where it also becomes mountainous) and the northern parts of Široki Brijeg. The region is interlaced with karst fields with which the mountains of western and northern Herzegovina descend to the sea. Dugo polje (1150–1250 m) is the first step, followed by Rakitno polje (870–910 m), Posuško polje (580–610 m), Bekijsko polje (260–300 m), Mostarsko Blato (220 m) and Ljubuško polje (80–100 m) with which the descent ends. The rivers Lištica and Tihaljina flow through western Herzegovina, Ričina sometimes flows through the Posusje field and Ugrovača through the Kočerin field. The territory as a whole belongs to the Neretva basin or the Adriatic Sea. The highest mountains are Čvrsnica (municipality of Posušje), Čabulja (municipality of Široki Brijeg), Štitar (municipality of Posušje), Zavelim (municipality of Posušje), Kušanovac (municipality of Posušje) and (municipality of Široki Brijeg) and Radovanj ( Municipality of Posušje).

Climate

In all towns in the canton of western Herzegovina, the sub-Mediterranean climate type prevails, except in Ljubuški, where the Mediterranean climate predominates. There is also a significant difference between the sub-Mediterranean climate in Posušje and the sub-Mediterranean climate in Široki Brijeg and Grude. In Posušje, mountain and Mediterranean influences collide, so the sub-Mediterranean climate in Posušje is harsher and closer to the temperate mountain climate prevailing in the area of Tribistovo, Radovnje, etc. Summers in western Herzegovina are hot and temperatures exceed 35 degrees. In winter, snow is also not impossible in Ljubuški, but it is more frequent and common in the northernmost towns, especially in Posušje, where it sometimes falls profusely and remains for a long time.

Politics and government

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Assembly

The Assembly of the West Herzegovina Canton (Croatian: Skupština Županije Zapadnohercegovačke) is the legislature of the West Herzegovina Canton, serving as the unicameral representative body of the citizens of the West Herzegovina Canton. It has 23 representatives elected directly at the Bosnian general election. The representatives have a four-year term. The Assembly enacts the local Constitution, laws and other regulations and elects the Government.

Government

The Government of the West Herzegovina Canton (Croatian: Vlada Županije Zapadnohercegovačke) is led by the Prime Minister who has one deputy and it consists of seven ministries. The ministries have different seats, with each municipality having two ministries, while the capital Široki Brijeg serves as the seat of the Prime Minister.

Position	Portfolio	Seat	Officeholder
Prime Minister		Široki Brijeg	Predrag Čović	HDZ BiH
Deputy Prime Minister	Finance	Ljubuški	Blagica Leko	HDZ BiH
Deputy Prime Minister	Economy	Posušje	Dario Sesar	HDZ BiH
Minister	Internal Affairs	Ljubuški	Mladen Bebek	HDZ BiH
Minister	Judiciary and Administration	Široki Brijeg	Vjekoslav Lasić	HDZ BiH
Minister	Urban Development, Construction and Environment	Posušje	Zvonimir Širić	HDZ BiH
Minister	Education, Science, Culture and Sports	Široki Brijeg	Daniela Perić	HDZ BiH
Minister	Healthcare, Labour and Social Welfare	Grude	Tomislav Pejić	HDZ BiH
Minister	Veterans	Grude	Mladen Begić	HDZ BiH

Flag and coat of arms

The coat of arms is a variant of the historical Croatian coat of arms. The flag is a horizontal tricolour of red, white and blue, with the coat of arms in the middle. These symbols were also used by Canton 10 and the former Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.

The flag and coat of arms were originally regulated by the cantonal constitution. However, by a decision of the Constitutional Court, the constitutional provisions on cantonal symbols were marked as unconstitutional in 1998. Acting on the court's decision, the Cantonal Assembly removed the disputed provisions in 2000 and adopted a new law on the flag and coat of arms in 2003 that restored the same symbols.

Economy

According to the data of the Federal Institute for Development Programming, the West Herzegovina Canton had the nominal GDP of 487.211 million BAM, the seventh largest in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, before the Canton 10, the Bosnian Podrinje Canton Goražde and the Posavina Canton. It generated 2.90% of the total GDP of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The West Herzegovina Canton has fifth largest GDP per capita, amounting to 5,973 BAM, while the average in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is 7,188 BAM.

This region, before the war, was one of the poorest regions in BiH. Today it is one of the richest. Despite the canton's small size in area, its agricultural sector is important. In the canton, 30,000 ha (120 sq miles) is used for agriculture; 84,000 ha (320 sq miles) is forest. Around 6,000 ha of arable land is below 100 metres in altitude. The Canton has a strong potential for the production of vegetables, fruit and wine, as well as meat and milk processing plants.

Infrastructure

The West Herzegovina Canton has a central location in Herzegovina, and as such has favorable traffic characteristics. The future route of the motorway of the E73 corridor, where there is also a connection with the A1 motorway from Dubrovnik to Zagreb, which means the entire West Herzegovina Canton in encircled by two EU corridors, the E73 and the E65. The crossroad of these corridors is in the hinterland of Ploče port, making the Canton of West Herzegovina the "portal of the South East Europe".

Demographics

According to the latest census data, the vast majority of the local population is made up of Croats. The most dominant religion in the canton is Christianity, with Catholicism being the most numerous denomination. The most significant non-Christian minority are Muslims with 1.8% of the total population. Most of them were in Ljubuški.

2013 Census

Municipality	Nationality								Total
Municipality	Croats	%	Bosniaks	%	Serbs	%	Other	%	Total
Ljubuški	27,327	96.96	689	2.44	23	0.08	556	1.97	28,184
Široki Brijeg	28,814	99.60	6	0.02	45	0.16	64	0.22	28,929
Posušje	20,424	99.74	2	0.01	5	0.02	12	0.06	20,477
Grude	17,206	99.41	3	0.02	10	0.06	11	0.06	17,308
Canton	93,725	98.76	700	0.74	83	0.09	354	0.37	94,898

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Official holidays

According to local laws, the official holidays (non-working days) in the canton are:

January 1 – New Year
January 6 – Epiphany
May 1 – Labour Day
May 30 – Pan-Croatian statehood day (same as: Statehood day of Croatia)
August 15 – Assumption of Mary
November 1 – All Saints' Day
November 2 – All Souls' Day
November 18 – the foundation of Herzeg-Bosnia
December 25 and 26 – Christmas Day and St Stephen's Day

References

Notes

Sarajevo, juni 2016. CENZUS OF POPULATION, HOUSEHOLDS AND DWELLINGS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, 2013 FINAL RESULTS (PDF). BHAS. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
Sancaktar, Caner (Spring 2012). "Historical Construction And Development of Bosniak Nation". Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations.
^ "Općenito o Županiji" (in Croatian). Government of the West Herzegovina Canton. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
^ "Zakon O Uporabi Grba I Zastave Županije Zapadnohercegovačke" [Law on the Use of the Coat of Arms and Flag of the West Herzegovina County] (PDF), Narodne Novine Županije Zapadnohercegovačke [Official Gazette of the West Herzegovina Canton] (in Croatian), pp. 126–128, 2003-04-14, retrieved 2022-12-15
Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman/Ombudsmen of Bosnia and Herzegovina (October 2018), Specijalni izvještaj o izgledu, upotrebi i zaštiti državnih, odnosno službenih obilježjau Bosni i Hercegovini [Special report on the appearance, use and protection of state and official symbols in Bosnia and Herzegovina] (PDF) (in Bosnian), Banja Luka, pp. 63, 123{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Constitution of the Western-Herzegovina Canton (PDF), OHR, 2015-12-17, p. 2, retrieved 2022-12-14
Heimer, Zeljko (2012-12-28), The FAME: Western Herzegovina Canton, retrieved 2022-12-15
FZZPR 2014, p. 5. sfn error: no target: CITEREFFZZPR2014 (help)
"Bakula: Nemamo izbora - smanjit ćemo plaće". Poskok.info. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
^ "Poljoprivreda". Government of the West Herzegovina Canton. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
REDAH 2010, p. 30.
Link text, additional text.