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{{see also|Wołów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship}} {{See also|Wołów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship}}
{{Infobox Settlement {{Infobox settlement
| name = Wołów | name = Wołów
| image_skyline = Wolow-ratusz.JPG | image_skyline = Wołów ratusz.JPG
| image_caption = Town hall in Wołów | image_caption = Town hall in Wołów
| image_shield = POL Wołów COA.svg | image_shield = POL Wołów COA.svg
| image_flag = POL Wołów flag.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland | pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_label_position = bottom
| subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_type = ]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}} | subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = ] | subdivision_type1 = ]
| subdivision_name1 = ] | subdivision_name1 = ]
| subdivision_type2 = ] | subdivision_type2 = ]
| subdivision_name2 = ] | subdivision_name2 = ]
| subdivision_type3 = ] | subdivision_type3 = ]
| subdivision_name3 = ] | subdivision_name3 = ]
| leader_title = Mayor | leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Witold Krochmal | leader_name = Dariusz Chmura
| established_title = City charter | established_title = First mentioned
| established_date = around 1285 | established_date = 1157
| established_title2 = Town rights
| established_date2 = around 1285
| area_total_km2 = 18.54 | area_total_km2 = 18.54
| population_as_of = 2019-06-30<ref>{{cite web |title=Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-division-in-2019-as-of-30th-june,3,26.html|website=stat.gov.pl|publisher=Statistics Poland|date=2019-10-15|access-date=2020-02-14}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2006
| population_total = 12286 | population_total = 12373
| population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = ] | timezone = ]
Line 27: Line 30:
| timezone_DST = ] | timezone_DST = ]
| utc_offset_DST = +2 | utc_offset_DST = +2
⚫ | coordinates = {{coord|51|20|29|N|16|37|42|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| latd = 51 | latm = 20 | lats = 29 | latNS = N | longd = 16 | longm = 37 | longs = 42 | longEW = E
| postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 56-100 | postal_code = 56-100
| blank_name = ] | blank_name = ]
| blank_info = DWL | blank_info = DWL
| blank_name_sec2 = ]s
⚫ | website = http://www.wolow.pl }}
| blank_info_sec2 = ] ] ] ]
⚫ | website = http://www.wolow.pl
}}
⚫ '''Wołów''' {{IPAc-pl|'|w|o|ł|u|f}} ({{langx|de|Wohlau}}, {{langx|cs|Volov}}) is a town in ] in south-western ]. It is the seat of ] and ]. It lies approximately {{convert|38|km|mi|0|abbr=off}} north-west of the regional capital ]. {{As of|2019}}, the town has a population of 12,373. It is part of the larger ].


==Etymology==
⚫ '''Wołów''' ({{lang-de|Wohlau}}) is a town in ] in south-western ]. It is the seat of ], and of the smaller administrative district (]) called ]. It lies approximately {{convert|38|km|mi|0}} north-west of the regional capital ]. As at 2006, the town has a population of 12,286.
The town's name is derived from the ] word ''wół'' ("]").


==History== ==History==
The area around Wołów has been settled since prehistoric times.<ref>Hugo Weczerka, ''Handbuch der historischen Stätten, Schlesien'', 2003, p.570, {{ISBN|3-520-31602-1}}</ref> It became part of the emerging Polish state in the late 10th century under ].<ref name=WO>{{cite web|url=http://wolow.pl/historia-wolowa/|title=Historia Wołowa|website=Urząd Miejski w Wołowie|access-date=August 8, 2019|language=pl}}</ref> The town was first mentioned in 1157<ref>Józef Pilch, ''Leksykon zabytków architektury Dolnego Śląska'', Wydawn. "Arkady", 2005, p. 403 </ref> when a wooden castle founded by ] ] is documented,<ref>Romuald M. Łuczyński, ''Chronologia dziejów Dolnego Śląska'', Oficyna Wydawn. ATUT, Wrocławskie Wydawn. Oświatowe, 2006, p. 143 </ref><ref>Ernst Badstübner, ''Dehio - Handbuch der Kunstdenkmäler in Polen: Schlesien'', 2003, p.1028, {{ISBN|3-422-03109-X}}</ref> which developed into a castle complex, which was again mentioned in 1202.<ref>Badstübner, p.1028</ref> Two villages developed near the castle, one of them called Wołowo. Probably in the second half of the 13th century the town was founded near Wołowo and partially on the soil of the second village.<ref name="Weczerka, p.570">Weczerka, p.570</ref> Wołów received ] about 1285 at the time of German ] in the region; a ] is mentioned in 1288.<ref name="Weczerka, p.570"/>
First mentioned in 1157, Wołów received its town charter about 1285. The town's name is probably derived from the ] word ''wół'' ("ox"). In the Middle Ages the town had various overlords, passing for a time under the suzerainty of ]. The oldest known seal of the town dates from 1473 and already shows an ox, as do all later seals. Until 1675 Wołów was a residence of the ]n ] dukes of ]-]-Wołów. In German the duchy was known as Fürstentum Wohlau or ]. In 1742 it was annexed by Prussia.


At that time Wołów belonged to the ], after 1312 to the ].<ref name="Weczerka, p.570"/> With the duchy it came under the suzerainty of ] in 1328. Since the 15th century, the town was a center of clothmaking.<ref name=pwn>{{cite web|url=https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Wolow;3997908.html|title=Wołów|website=Encyklopedia PWN|access-date=3 June 2021|language=pl}}</ref> From 1473 dates the oldest known seal of the town, which already shows an ox, as do all later seals. Wołów was ruled by local Polish dukes until 1492, and soon after, in 1495, it came into the possession of the ] ], then in 1517 it came into the hands the ] magnate ], before returning to ] rule in 1523, by passing to the ].<ref name=WO/> It remained there until the ] dukes of Legnica-]-Wołów died out in 1675. As a result of the ], the town's population fell by half.<ref name=WO/>
For centuries the nearby Cistercian abbey of ] was a cultural centre of ].<ref>, '']''</ref>
]
In January 1945 &ndash; just before town was taken by the ] &ndash; the ] evacuated the ] population westwards. Already in May 1945 the first Poles &ndash; expelled by the Soviets from the eastern part of pre-war Poland &ndash; started to settle in Wołów and Lower Silesia.
The ] was introduced to the town in 1522 by duke ]. After the extinction of the local Piasts the duchy passed to the ], which opposed the Protestant denomination in the town, as part of the ]. In 1682 the town's parish church was closed and given to the Catholics. According to the ] the church however was already returned to the Protestants in 1707 and stayed Protestant until 1945. The small Catholic minority in return received a Josephinian curacy.<ref name="Weczerka, p.571">Weczerka, p.571</ref>

In 1742 Wołów was annexed by ].<ref name=pwn/> The duchy was divided into two districts and the town became county seat of one of the districts. The structure of the town was, until 1700, defined by craft, especially clothiers. As the seat of a duchy and a district administrative function however became more and more important. The ] played only a minor role and mostly affected smaller companies of the timber industry.<ref name="Weczerka, p.571"/> In 1781 the city suffered a fire.<ref name=WO/>

{{multiple image|align = right|perrow = 2|total_width=365
| image1 = Wolow (js).jpg
| image2 = 785viki Wołów. Foto Barbara Maliszewska.jpg
| image3 = SM Wołów Kościół Boromeusza (1) ID 598547.jpg
| image4 = 753viki Wołów - mury miejskie. Foto Barbara Maliszewska.jpg
| image5 = Wołów, Sąd Rejonowy - fotopolska.eu (217587).jpg
| image6 = Wolow-wejscie.do.ratusza-herb.JPG
| caption1 = Piast Castle
| caption2 = Saint Lawrence church
| caption3 = Saint Charles Borromeo church
| caption4 = Medieval town walls (with a modern oxen monument)
| caption5 = Courthouse
| caption6 = Town hall (relief of the coat of arms of the ] on the facade)
}}
The town was part of Germany from 1871 to 1945. During ], the Germans operated a forced labour camp for ] ] in the town.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kujat|first=Janusz Adam|year=2000|title=Pieniądz zastępczy w obozach jenieckich na terenie rejencji wrocławskiej w czasie I i II wojny światowej|journal=Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny|location=Opole|language=pl|volume=23|page=13|issn=0137-5199}}</ref> During ], the Germans operated a youth prison in the town, with multiple ] subcamps in the region, including one in the town itself.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=1491|title=Jugendgefängnis Wohlau|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=3 June 2021|language=de}}</ref> In 1943–1945, the Germans carried out mass executions of ] ] in the forest in the present-day district of Gancarz.<ref name=pwn/> In January 1945 &ndash; just before town was taken by the ] &ndash; the ] evacuated the ] population westwards.{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}} After ]'s defeat in ], the town became part of Poland. The totality of the town's previous population was ] in accordance with the ].

Deportation of Germans from the surrounding villages proceeded in 1945-46. Often, the local mayor announced at eve that families were to show up for deportation the next morning. Vrey often, the victims' luggage was plundered.<ref>{{cite book|title=Die Vertreibung der deutschen Bevölkerung aus den Gebieten östlich der Oder-Neisse|series=Dokumentation der Vertreibung der Deutschen aus Ost-Mitteleuropa|volume=I/2|year=1984|publisher=Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag|pages=831-832}}</ref>

In 1962, the town was site of the ], one of the largest bank robberies in Poland.

==Sports==
The local ] team is MKP Wołów.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mkp-wolow.futbolowo.pl|title=Strona internetowa klubu MKP Wołów|access-date=3 June 2021|language=pl}}</ref> It competes in the lower leagues.

==Notable people==
*] (1435–1504), Polish House of ] dynasty Duke of Żagań-Przewóz since 1439, died in Wołów and was buried in the local parish church
*] (1610–1664), astronomer, the most notable female astronomer of the early modern era
*] (1896–1970), German politician
*] (born 1941), first (and to this day remains the only) Polish national in space

==Twin towns – sister cities==
See ].


==References== ==References==
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==External links== ==External links==
⚫ {{Commons category|Wołów}}
*
*
⚫ {{commonscat|Wołów}}


{{Wołów County}} {{Wołów County}}
{{Gmina Wołów}} {{Gmina Wołów}}


{{Authority control}}
⚫ {{coord|51|20|29|N|16|37|42|E|region:PL_type:city|display=title}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Wolow}}
] ]
]
] ]
]


{{LowerSilesian-geo-stub}}

]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 20:15, 2 November 2024

See also: Wołów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship Place in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
Wołów
Town hall in WołówTown hall in Wołów
Flag of WołówFlagCoat of arms of WołówCoat of arms
Wołów is located in PolandWołówWołów
Coordinates: 51°20′29″N 16°37′42″E / 51.34139°N 16.62833°E / 51.34139; 16.62833
Country Poland
VoivodeshipLower Silesian
CountyWołów
GminaWołów
First mentioned1157
Town rightsaround 1285
Government
 • MayorDariusz Chmura
Area
 • Total18.54 km (7.16 sq mi)
Population
 • Total12,373
 • Density670/km (1,700/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code56-100
Car platesDWL
Voivodeship roads
Websitehttp://www.wolow.pl

Wołów (German: Wohlau, Czech: Volov) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland. It is the seat of Wołów County and Gmina Wołów. It lies approximately 38 kilometres (24 miles) north-west of the regional capital Wrocław. As of 2019, the town has a population of 12,373. It is part of the larger Wrocław metropolitan area.

Etymology

The town's name is derived from the Polish word wół ("ox").

History

The area around Wołów has been settled since prehistoric times. It became part of the emerging Polish state in the late 10th century under Mieszko I of Poland. The town was first mentioned in 1157 when a wooden castle founded by Senior Duke of Poland Władysław II the Exile is documented, which developed into a castle complex, which was again mentioned in 1202. Two villages developed near the castle, one of them called Wołowo. Probably in the second half of the 13th century the town was founded near Wołowo and partially on the soil of the second village. Wołów received Magdeburg town rights about 1285 at the time of German Ostsiedlung in the region; a Vogt is mentioned in 1288.

At that time Wołów belonged to the Duchy of Głogów, after 1312 to the Duchy of Oleśnica. With the duchy it came under the suzerainty of Bohemia in 1328. Since the 15th century, the town was a center of clothmaking. From 1473 dates the oldest known seal of the town, which already shows an ox, as do all later seals. Wołów was ruled by local Polish dukes until 1492, and soon after, in 1495, it came into the possession of the Czech Podiebrad family, then in 1517 it came into the hands the Hungarian magnate Johann Thurzó, before returning to Piast rule in 1523, by passing to the Duchy of Legnica. It remained there until the Piast dukes of Legnica-Brzeg-Wołów died out in 1675. As a result of the Thirty Years' War, the town's population fell by half.

Wołów (as Wohlau) around 1750

The Protestant Reformation was introduced to the town in 1522 by duke Frederick II. After the extinction of the local Piasts the duchy passed to the House of Habsburg, which opposed the Protestant denomination in the town, as part of the Counter-Reformation. In 1682 the town's parish church was closed and given to the Catholics. According to the Treaty of Altranstädt the church however was already returned to the Protestants in 1707 and stayed Protestant until 1945. The small Catholic minority in return received a Josephinian curacy.

In 1742 Wołów was annexed by Prussia. The duchy was divided into two districts and the town became county seat of one of the districts. The structure of the town was, until 1700, defined by craft, especially clothiers. As the seat of a duchy and a district administrative function however became more and more important. The industrialization played only a minor role and mostly affected smaller companies of the timber industry. In 1781 the city suffered a fire.

Piast CastleSaint Lawrence churchSaint Charles Borromeo churchMedieval town walls (with a modern oxen monument)CourthouseTown hall (relief of the coat of arms of the Duchy of Legnica on the facade)

The town was part of Germany from 1871 to 1945. During World War I, the Germans operated a forced labour camp for Allied prisoners of war in the town. During World War II, the Germans operated a youth prison in the town, with multiple forced labour subcamps in the region, including one in the town itself. In 1943–1945, the Germans carried out mass executions of Allied prisoners of war in the forest in the present-day district of Gancarz. In January 1945 – just before town was taken by the Red Army – the Wehrmacht evacuated the German population westwards. After Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II, the town became part of Poland. The totality of the town's previous population was expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement.

Deportation of Germans from the surrounding villages proceeded in 1945-46. Often, the local mayor announced at eve that families were to show up for deportation the next morning. Vrey often, the victims' luggage was plundered.

In 1962, the town was site of the Wołów bank robbery, one of the largest bank robberies in Poland.

Sports

The local football team is MKP Wołów. It competes in the lower leagues.

Notable people

  • Jan II the Mad (1435–1504), Polish House of Silesian Piasts dynasty Duke of Żagań-Przewóz since 1439, died in Wołów and was buried in the local parish church
  • Maria Cunitz (1610–1664), astronomer, the most notable female astronomer of the early modern era
  • Oskar Müller (1896–1970), German politician
  • Mirosław Hermaszewski (born 1941), first (and to this day remains the only) Polish national in space

Twin towns – sister cities

See twin towns of Gmina Wołów.

References

  1. "Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. 2019-10-15. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
  2. Hugo Weczerka, Handbuch der historischen Stätten, Schlesien, 2003, p.570, ISBN 3-520-31602-1
  3. ^ "Historia Wołowa". Urząd Miejski w Wołowie (in Polish). Retrieved August 8, 2019.
  4. Józef Pilch, Leksykon zabytków architektury Dolnego Śląska, Wydawn. "Arkady", 2005, p. 403 link
  5. Romuald M. Łuczyński, Chronologia dziejów Dolnego Śląska, Oficyna Wydawn. ATUT, Wrocławskie Wydawn. Oświatowe, 2006, p. 143 link
  6. Ernst Badstübner, Dehio - Handbuch der Kunstdenkmäler in Polen: Schlesien, 2003, p.1028, ISBN 3-422-03109-X
  7. Badstübner, p.1028
  8. ^ Weczerka, p.570
  9. ^ "Wołów". Encyklopedia PWN (in Polish). Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  10. ^ Weczerka, p.571
  11. Kujat, Janusz Adam (2000). "Pieniądz zastępczy w obozach jenieckich na terenie rejencji wrocławskiej w czasie I i II wojny światowej". Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny (in Polish). 23. Opole: 13. ISSN 0137-5199.
  12. "Jugendgefängnis Wohlau". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  13. Die Vertreibung der deutschen Bevölkerung aus den Gebieten östlich der Oder-Neisse. Dokumentation der Vertreibung der Deutschen aus Ost-Mitteleuropa. Vol. I/2. Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag. 1984. pp. 831–832.
  14. "Strona internetowa klubu MKP Wołów" (in Polish). Retrieved 3 June 2021.

External links

Wołów County
Seat: Wołów
Urban-rural gminas
Rural gmina
Gmina Wołów
Town and seat
Villages
Categories: