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{{about|the village|the waterfall|Kravica (waterfall)|the river|Kravica (river)}}
{{location map|Bosnia|label=Kravica|position=left|width=200|lat=44.245|long=19.111|caption=|float=right}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Kravica
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|native_name = Кравица
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'''Kravica''' ({{lang-sr-cyr|Кравица}}) is a village in ], ], ]. As of 2013 census, it has a population of 567 inhabitants.


During the 1992–95 ], the village was badly damaged in the ], and over 70 men and women were killed by the ], half of them being civilians.
'''Kravica''' (]: ''Кравица'') is a predominantly ] populated village in ] county near ], ].


==History==
In ] it had a population of 357, of whom 353 were declared as ], with no declared ], ] or ]. During the ]-] ], the village was badly damaged in the ] attack, and in 1995 was place of a major killings during the ].
In 1971 there was a shootout between men from Kravica and men from ].<ref name="AngstromDuyvesteyn2005">{{cite book|author1=Jan Angstrom|author2=Isabelle Duyvesteyn|title=Rethinking the Nature of War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JkgqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA169|date=8 July 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-25750-8|pages=169–}}</ref>
{{Campaignbox Bosnian War}}


In 1991, it was reported that the neighbouring Serb-inhabited Kravica and Bosniak-inhabited ] "had bad blood".<ref>{{cite book|title=JPRS Report: East Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9h8UAQAAMAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Foreign Broadcast Information Service}}</ref>
==September 1991 killing==
On ] 1991, on the brink of the war, the Eastern Bosnia's first victims of ] were killed when a group of Kravica ] and ] ] ]ed a car of Bosniaks, killing two out of three people inside. None of the Policement and accomplices in the attack were ever brought to trial{{Fact|date=February 2008}}.


===Bosnian War===
After the Kravica incident, Bosniaks started to organize armed patrols in their villages and settlements with the few arms they had, and the Serbs did the same in their villages. Tensions between local Serbs and Bosniaks soared to unprecedented heights{{Fact|date=February 2008}}.
The village ] on 7 January (Serb Orthodox Christmas) 1993 by the ] forces under ] from the besieged Srebrenica enclave under the control of the ARBiH. 46 people died in the attack on the Serb side: 35 ] soldiers and 11 civilians, and most of the houses were damaged.<ref name="Myth of Bratunac">{{cite web|url=http://www.idc.org.ba/project/the_myth_of_bratunac.html |title=The Myth of Bratunac: A Blatant Numbers Game |access-date=22 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508095038/http://www.idc.org.ba/project/the_myth_of_bratunac.html |archive-date=8 May 2009 |publisher=Research and Documentation Center}}</ref><ref name="srebrenica">{{cite web|title=Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to General Assembly resolution 53/35: The fall of Srebrenica |url=https://www.un.org/peace/srebrenica.pdf |publisher=United Nations |date=15 November 1999 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422014941/http://www.un.org/peace/srebrenica.pdf |archive-date=April 22, 2008 }}</ref><ref name="krs-tj">{{cite web|title=Prosecutor vs. Radislav Krstić: Judgement|url=http://www.icty.org/x/cases/krstic/tjug/en/krs-tj010802e.pdf|publisher=International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia|date=2 August 2001}}</ref>{{page needed|date=July 2016}} Men from Kravica participated in the ] committed against ] civilians and ].<ref>{{cite book|author=Sarah Wagner|title=To Know Where He Lies: DNA Technology and the Search for Srebrenica's Missing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GUBYGq7BZgYC&pg=PA275|date=2 October 2008|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-94262-2|pages=275–}}</ref>


==Demographics==
==January 1993 attack==
In 1991, it had a population of 357, of whom 353 were declared as ], with no declared ], ] or ]. As of the 2013 census, it has a population of 567 inhabitants, all Serbs.
On ] ] (] ] day), the Bosniak forces under ] attacked and captured Kravica, at the time. The 70 ] were also killed and most of the houses were burn in the BiH army attack. Naser's force didn't use any guns,they killed children,old men and women,using nothing but knives. <ref></ref>

As for the destruction in Kravica village the judgment in Naser Orić case states that the prosecution failed to present convincing evidence that the Bosnian forces were responsible for them, because the Serb forces used ] in the fighting in the surrounding villages..<ref>ICTY: Naser Orić verdict </ref>

The fall of Kravica, which in the past had always been an important symbol of Serb resolve, created a shock wave in Eastern Bosnia; the population of Bratunac panicked and the authorities had to close the bridges over the ] to prevent people from crossing the river en masse. For the Bosniaks, however, the victory over Kravica was a considerable boost; this conquest allowed Oric to connect with the ] forces in Konjevic Polje and Cerska, yielding one large Bosnian terrain from Zepa and Srebrenica almost to ].

Soon after the attack on Kravica, Serb forces launched a major ] resulting in ] declaring Srebrenica a "safe area". {{Fact|date=July 2007}}

==July 1995 massacre==

{{main|Srebrenica genocide}}

On ] ], executions were conducted in the largest of four warehouses (farm sheds) owned by the Agricultural Cooperative in Kravica. Between 1,000 and 1,500 Bosniak males trying to escape Srebrenica had been captured in fields near Sandici and detained in Sandici Meadow. The captives, both ] and ], were brought to Kravica, either by bus or on foot, the distance being approximately one kilometre. A witness recalls seeing around 200 men, stripped to the waist and with their hands in the air, being forced to run in the direction of Kravica. An ]graph taken at 14.00 hours that afternoon shows two buses standing in front of the sheds.

At around 18.00 hours, when the men were all being held in the warehouse, VRS soldiers threw in ] and opened fire with various weapons, including an ]. In the local area it is said that the ] in Kravica was unplanned and started quite spontaneously when one of the warehouse doors suddenly swung open. Armed guards shot at the men who tried to climb out the windows to escape the massacre. When the shooting stopped, the shed was full of bodies. There were three survivors of the slaughter in the farm shed.

There was more killing in and around Kravica and Sandici. Even before the murders in the warehouse, some 200 or 300 men were formed up in ranks at the point of their capture near Sandici and then mown down with ]s. At Kravica, it seems that the local population had a hand in the killings. Some victims were mutilated and killed with knives. The bodies were taken to ] or simply dumped in the river that runs alongside the road.

===Evidence and responsibility===

Analyses of hair, blood and explosives residue, collected at the Kravica Warehouse, provide strong evidence of the killings. Experts determined the presence of bullet strikes, explosives residue, bullets and shell cases, as well as human blood, bones and tissue adhering to the walls and floors of the building. ] presented by the ] ] link between the executions in Kravica and the 'primary' ] known as Glogova 2, in which the remains of 139 people were found. No ]s or restraints were found. In the 'secondary' grave know as Zeleni Jadar 5, there were 145 bodies, a number of which were charred. Pieces of brick and window frame which were found in the Glogova 1 grave that was opened later also established a link with Kravica. Here, the remains of 191 victims were found.

Precisely which Bosnian Serb units were involved in the Kravica executions cannot be stated with any certainty. There were certainly personnel of the Drina ] in the area at the time, and the ] of one of the Bratunac ] ]s was only 400 metres from Glogova. However, there are also indications that a detachment of ] could have been involved in burying the victims. One Bosnian Serb witness observed soon after the executions that both VRS and ] could well have been involved. Given the proximity of the headquarters, the request for the ], and the fact that military transport was making regular use of the road through Kravica, it is almost inconceivable that the Drina Corps could have been unaware of what was going on in the area.


==References== ==References==
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{{Bratunac}}
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==External links==
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{{coord|44|13|N|19|12|E|region:BA_type:city|display=title}}


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Latest revision as of 06:28, 10 May 2024

This article is about the village. For the waterfall, see Kravica (waterfall). For the river, see Kravica (river). Village in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Kravica Кравица
Village
Kravica is located in Bosnia and HerzegovinaKravicaKravica
Coordinates: 44°13′N 19°12′E / 44.217°N 19.200°E / 44.217; 19.200
Country Bosnia and Herzegovina
EntityRepublika Srpska
MunicipalityBratunac
Area
 • Total2.43 km (0.94 sq mi)
Population
 • Total567
 • Density230/km (600/sq mi)

Kravica (Serbian Cyrillic: Кравица) is a village in Bratunac, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013 census, it has a population of 567 inhabitants.

During the 1992–95 Bosnian War, the village was badly damaged in the 1993 attack, and over 70 men and women were killed by the ARBIH, half of them being civilians.

History

In 1971 there was a shootout between men from Kravica and men from Konjević Polje.

In 1991, it was reported that the neighbouring Serb-inhabited Kravica and Bosniak-inhabited Glogova "had bad blood".

Bosnian War

The village was attacked on 7 January (Serb Orthodox Christmas) 1993 by the ARBiH forces under Naser Orić from the besieged Srebrenica enclave under the control of the ARBiH. 46 people died in the attack on the Serb side: 35 VRS soldiers and 11 civilians, and most of the houses were damaged. Men from Kravica participated in the Srebrenica genocide committed against Bosniak civilians and prisoners of war.

Demographics

In 1991, it had a population of 357, of whom 353 were declared as Serbs, with no declared Bosniaks, Croats or Yugoslavs. As of the 2013 census, it has a population of 567 inhabitants, all Serbs.

References

  1. ^ "Naseljena mesta 1991/2013 – Bratunac". statistika.ba (in Bosnian). Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  2. Jan Angstrom; Isabelle Duyvesteyn (8 July 2005). Rethinking the Nature of War. Routledge. pp. 169–. ISBN 978-1-134-25750-8.
  3. JPRS Report: East Europe. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1991.
  4. "The Myth of Bratunac: A Blatant Numbers Game". Research and Documentation Center. Archived from the original on 8 May 2009. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
  5. "Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to General Assembly resolution 53/35: The fall of Srebrenica" (PDF). United Nations. 15 November 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 22, 2008.
  6. "Prosecutor vs. Radislav Krstić: Judgement" (PDF). International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. 2 August 2001.
  7. Sarah Wagner (2 October 2008). To Know Where He Lies: DNA Technology and the Search for Srebrenica's Missing. University of California Press. pp. 275–. ISBN 978-0-520-94262-2.
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