Misplaced Pages

Two Qiaos: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 18:46, 11 December 2005 edit12.214.214.33 (talk)No edit summary← Previous edit Latest revision as of 09:36, 17 November 2024 edit undo妃紅 (talk | contribs)13 editsNo edit summary 
(478 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Two 3rd-century Qiao family sisters}}
{{cleanup-date|July 2005}}
{{infobox person
| name = Da Qiao<br>大橋
| image = 古今百美圖之二喬（One hundred beauties Qiao sister）.png
| caption = A ] block print of Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao
| birth_date = Unknown
| death_date = Unknown
| father = Lord Qiao
| relatives = Xiao Qiao (sister)
| spouse = ]
}}
{{infobox person
| name = Xiao Qiao<br>小橋
| birth_date = Unknown
| death_date = Unknown
| father = Lord Qiao
| relatives = Da Qiao (sister)
| spouse = ]
}}
{{Chinese
| title = '''Two Qiaos'''
| altname = Da Qiao
| s2 = 大桥<!-- This is NOT a typo. See the Romance of the Three Kingdoms section of this article. -->
| t2 = 大橋
| p2 = Dà Qiáo
| w2 = Ta Ch'iao
| l2 = Older Qiao
| altname3 = Xiao Qiao
| s3 = 小桥
| t3 = 小橋
| p3 = Xiǎo Qiáo
| w3 = Hsiao Ch'iao
| l3 = Younger Qiao
}}


], 1799]]
'''Da Qiao''' ({{zh-tsp|t=&#22823;&#21932; |s=&#22823;&#20052; |p=Dàqiáo}}) (lifespan: unknown) was the daughter of ] and together with her younger sister ], they were known as the two great beauties of ancient China.


The '''Two Qiaos of Jiangdong''' ({{zh|first=t|t=江東二喬|s=江东二乔|p=Jiāngdōng èr Qiáo}}) were two sisters of the ] family who lived during the late ] of China. In ahistorical tales, the two Qiaos were sisters of exceptional beauty who were the pivot to the ], one of the most impactful battles of the pre-].<ref>''Sanguo Yanyi'' ch. 44.</ref> ], Chancellor of the Eastern Han dynasty, was described to be interested in having the two sisters, to the point that his intentions were evident in his son's poem "Ode to the ]" (銅雀臺賦); consequently leading ] of Jiangdong to go to war with Cao Cao.{{sfn|Tsao|2020|p=52}}
Da Qiao is believed to be a fictional character from the famous ] in ]. There is no evidence or reference in the actual history that the two sisters existed. She was married to ] of the ] and they had 2 children, ] and ]. Lady Sun later married ].


==In historical records==
Within the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the two Qiaos were believed to be one of the major causes of the Battle at Chibi. ] manipulated ] by acknowledging him about ]'s plot to obtain the Qiao sisters for himself. Enraged, Zhou Yu plotted with Zhuge Liang and ] to attack Cao Cao.
The Qiao sisters' names were not recorded in history, so in later times they are simply referred to as '''Da Qiao''' (literally "older Qiao") and '''Xiao Qiao''' (literally "younger Qiao"). They were from Wan County (皖縣), Lujiang Commandery (廬江郡), which is in present-day ], ]. Da Qiao married the warlord ], who established the foundation of the state of ] during the ] period. Xiao Qiao married ], a general who served under Sun Ce and later, under his successor, ].<ref name="SGZ 54">(頃之，策欲取荊州，以瑜為中護軍，領江夏太守，從攻皖，拔之。時得橋公兩女，皆國色也。策自納大橋，瑜納小橋。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 54.</ref> Sun Ce jokingly told Zhou Yu: "Although Elder Qiao's daughters are exceptionally beautiful, with us as their husbands, it should be a happy enough match."<ref>(江表傳曰：策從容戲瑜曰：「橋公二女雖流離，得吾二人作壻，亦足為歡。」) ''Jiang Biao Zhuan'' annotation in ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 54.</ref>


Zhou Yu had two sons and a daughter, ], Zhou Yin and ] (Lady Zhou). It is unknown if his three children were born to Xiao Qiao.
Cao Cao faced a crushing defeat from a fire attack during the battle and was forced to retreat. The Qiao sisters were never tallllllken from Wu.


==In ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''==
Da Qiao is also a playable character in the game, ], who wields twin fans as weapons. She shares the same armaments as her younger sister, ].
The Qiao sisters are featured as characters in the 14th-century historical novel, '']'', which romanticises the historical events before and during the ] period. In the novel, the Chinese character for "Qiao" in their names, 橋/桥, is replaced with 喬/乔.


In the novel, the Qiao sisters are the daughters of a certain ''Qiao Guolao'' (喬國老; literally "State Elder Qiao"), possibly referring to ]. ]'s biography in the third-century historical text, ''],'' did not mention the name of the Qiao sisters' father, who was simply referred to as ''Qiao Gong'' (橋公; literally "Elder Qiao" or "Lord Qiao"). Historically, Qiao Xuan died in 184,<ref>(玄以光和六年卒，時年七十五。) ''Houhanshu'' vol. 51.</ref> while the Qiao sisters married Sun Ce and Zhou Yu around 199,<ref name="SGZ 54" />{{sfnp|Sima|1084|loc=vol. 63}} so it was not possible that Qiao Xuan was still living when the marriages took place. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that Qiao Xuan was the "Qiao Gong" mentioned in Zhou Yu's biography.
]

]
In Chapter 44 of the novel, ] tells ] that ]'s desire to have the Two Qiaos for himself is evident in "Ode to the ]" (銅雀臺賦), a poem written by Cao Cao's son, ]. Zhuge Liang recites an altered version of the poem with added verses:{{sfn|Tian|2018|p=331}}
]

]
{{Verse translation|立雙臺於左右兮
{{China-bio-stub}}
有玉龍與金鳳
攬二喬於東南兮
樂朝夕之與共
俯皇都之宏麗兮
瞰雲霞之浮動
欣群才之來萃兮
協飛熊之吉夢|The two towers rise, one on either flank,
This named Golden Phoenix, that Jade Dragon.
He would have the two Qiaos, these beautiful ladies of Wu,
That he might rejoice with them morning and evening.
Look down; there is the grand beauty of an imperial city,
And the rolling vapors lie floating beneath.
He will rejoice in the multitude of scholars that assemble,
Answering to the felicitous dream of ].|lang=zh|italicsoff=y|attr2=translated by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor{{sfn|Brewitt-Taylor|Luo|1925|loc=chpt. . Six more lines were added to the end of the poem, omitted here}}}}

An enraged Zhou Yu then hardens his decision to convince ] to ally with ] against Cao Cao, then prevailing over the latter in the Battle of Chibi. Historically, the battle predates the terrace by two years, and Cao Zhi's poem was written two years after Zhou Yu's death. Nonetheless, the story of the Bronze Bird Terrace and the Qiao sisters in the popular tradition aroused people's imagination for generations.{{sfn|Tsao|2020|p=53}}

], ], China.]]

== In Chinese opera ==
In the opera ''Fenghuang Er Qiao'', addresses Xiao Qiao as "Qiao Ching" and Da Qiao as "Qiao Wan", both ladies are skilled in martial arts. Sun Ce was the protagonist of this opera, he borrows 3,000 troops from ] and allies with the Qiao army, which is led by the Two Qiaos. The Qiao's father starts a competition for Zhou Yu and Sun Ce to prove they are worthy of marrying them, the Qiao sisters engage in battles with their future husbands. Sun Ce eventually gains Da Qiao's hand in marriage through a martial arts contest with the help of Zhou Yu and Xiao Qiao.

==In popular culture==
<!-- PLEASE DO NOT INTRODUCE ANY FURTHER DETAILS ON THE TWO QIAOS' ROLES IN THE GAMES ALREADY MENTIONED IN THIS SECTION. -->
=== Films and TV Series ===
Taiwanese supermodel ] starred as Xiao Qiao in the 2008 Chinese epic war film, ''],'' directed by ]. In the film, it is surmised that Cao Cao's infatuation with Xiao Qiao is the reason why he invaded Sun Quan's lands and initiated the battle. Chinese actress ] portrayed Xiao Qiao in '']'', a spoof of ''Red Cliff''.

Cai Hancen and ] portrayed Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao, respectively, in the 2009 Taiwanese television series, '']'', a spoof of ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'' in a modern high school setting.

Chinese actresses ] and ] portrayed Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao, respectively, in the 2010 Chinese television series, '']''.

=== Games ===
The Qiao sisters are featured as playable characters in ]'s '']'' and '']'' video game series. The anime '']'' and '']'' make references to Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao as well, in which they are known by their respective names in Japanese – Daikyō and Shōkyō.

The Two Qiaos are featured in ] '']'' after 19 March 2020, when the developer ] released a DLC under the title of ''A World Betrayed'', which gives the Two Qiao official portraits and 3D models with unique abilities.

The Qiaos are featured as "gods" in the Japanese mobile game '']'', as part of the Three Kingdoms God series.<ref>{{cite web |title=Da Qiao & Xiao Qiao stats, skills, evolution, location - Puzzle & Dragons Database |url=http://www.puzzledragonx.com/en/monster.asp?n=1237 |website=www.puzzledragonx.com}}</ref>

==See also==
* ]
* ]

==References==
{{reflist}}
*{{Cite web |last1=Brewitt-Taylor |first1=C. H. |author-link=Charles Henry Brewitt-Taylor |last2=Luo |first2=Guanzhong |author-link2=Luo Guanzhong |date=1925 |title=Romance of Three Kingdoms (based on a 1925 translation, with modernized names, corrections, and notes) |url=http://threekingdoms.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409095035/https://threekingdoms.com/ |archive-date=2022-04-09 |access-date=2021-02-02 |website=threekingdoms.com}}
* ] (3rd century). '']'' (''Sanguozhi'').
* ] (5th century). '']'' (''Houhanshu'').
* ] (14th century). '']'' (''Sanguo Yanyi'').
* ] (5th century). '']'' (''Sanguozhi zhu'').
* {{cite book |author-link=Sima Guang|last=Sima |first= Guang |year=1084 |title=]}}
*{{Cite book|last=Tian|first=Xiaofei|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1153560051|title=The Halberd at Red Cliff: Jian'an and the Three Kingdoms|publisher=]|year=2018|isbn=978-1-68417-092-0|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|pages=|oclc=1153560051}}
*{{Cite book|last=Tsao|first=Joanne|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1141200097|title=The city of Ye in the Chinese literary landscape|isbn=978-90-04-42014-4| publisher = Brill |location=Leiden Boston | year = 2020 |oclc=1141200097}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Qiaos, Two}}
]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 09:36, 17 November 2024

Two 3rd-century Qiao family sisters
Da Qiao
大橋
A Qing dynasty block print of Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao
BornUnknown
DiedUnknown
SpouseSun Ce
FatherLord Qiao
RelativesXiao Qiao (sister)
Xiao Qiao
小橋
BornUnknown
DiedUnknown
SpouseZhou Yu
FatherLord Qiao
RelativesDa Qiao (sister)
Two Qiaos
Da Qiao
Traditional Chinese大橋
Simplified Chinese大桥
Literal meaningOlder Qiao
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinDà Qiáo
Wade–GilesTa Ch'iao
Xiao Qiao
Traditional Chinese小橋
Simplified Chinese小桥
Literal meaningYounger Qiao
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinXiǎo Qiáo
Wade–GilesHsiao Ch'iao
The two Qiaos, as painted by Gai Qi, 1799

The Two Qiaos of Jiangdong (traditional Chinese: 江東二喬; simplified Chinese: 江东二乔; pinyin: Jiāngdōng èr Qiáo) were two sisters of the Qiao family who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. In ahistorical tales, the two Qiaos were sisters of exceptional beauty who were the pivot to the Battle of Chibi, one of the most impactful battles of the pre-Three Kingdoms period. Cao Cao, Chancellor of the Eastern Han dynasty, was described to be interested in having the two sisters, to the point that his intentions were evident in his son's poem "Ode to the Bronze Sparrow Platform" (銅雀臺賦); consequently leading Zhou Yu of Jiangdong to go to war with Cao Cao.

In historical records

The Qiao sisters' names were not recorded in history, so in later times they are simply referred to as Da Qiao (literally "older Qiao") and Xiao Qiao (literally "younger Qiao"). They were from Wan County (皖縣), Lujiang Commandery (廬江郡), which is in present-day Anqing, Anhui. Da Qiao married the warlord Sun Ce, who established the foundation of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. Xiao Qiao married Zhou Yu, a general who served under Sun Ce and later, under his successor, Sun Quan. Sun Ce jokingly told Zhou Yu: "Although Elder Qiao's daughters are exceptionally beautiful, with us as their husbands, it should be a happy enough match."

Zhou Yu had two sons and a daughter, Zhou Xun, Zhou Yin and Zhou Fei (Lady Zhou). It is unknown if his three children were born to Xiao Qiao.

In Romance of the Three Kingdoms

The Qiao sisters are featured as characters in the 14th-century historical novel, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which romanticises the historical events before and during the Three Kingdoms period. In the novel, the Chinese character for "Qiao" in their names, 橋/桥, is replaced with 喬/乔.

In the novel, the Qiao sisters are the daughters of a certain Qiao Guolao (喬國老; literally "State Elder Qiao"), possibly referring to Qiao Xuan. Zhou Yu's biography in the third-century historical text, Records of the Three Kingdoms, did not mention the name of the Qiao sisters' father, who was simply referred to as Qiao Gong (橋公; literally "Elder Qiao" or "Lord Qiao"). Historically, Qiao Xuan died in 184, while the Qiao sisters married Sun Ce and Zhou Yu around 199, so it was not possible that Qiao Xuan was still living when the marriages took place. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that Qiao Xuan was the "Qiao Gong" mentioned in Zhou Yu's biography.

In Chapter 44 of the novel, Zhuge Liang tells Zhou Yu that Cao Cao's desire to have the Two Qiaos for himself is evident in "Ode to the Bronze Sparrow Platform" (銅雀臺賦), a poem written by Cao Cao's son, Cao Zhi. Zhuge Liang recites an altered version of the poem with added verses:

立雙臺於左右兮
有玉龍與金鳳
攬二喬於東南兮
樂朝夕之與共
俯皇都之宏麗兮
瞰雲霞之浮動
欣群才之來萃兮
協飛熊之吉夢

The two towers rise, one on either flank,
This named Golden Phoenix, that Jade Dragon.
He would have the two Qiaos, these beautiful ladies of Wu,
That he might rejoice with them morning and evening.
Look down; there is the grand beauty of an imperial city,
And the rolling vapors lie floating beneath.
He will rejoice in the multitude of scholars that assemble,
Answering to the felicitous dream of King Wen.

—translated by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor

An enraged Zhou Yu then hardens his decision to convince Sun Quan to ally with Liu Bei against Cao Cao, then prevailing over the latter in the Battle of Chibi. Historically, the battle predates the terrace by two years, and Cao Zhi's poem was written two years after Zhou Yu's death. Nonetheless, the story of the Bronze Bird Terrace and the Qiao sisters in the popular tradition aroused people's imagination for generations.

Younger Qiao's alleged tomb in Yueyang, Hunan, China.

In Chinese opera

In the opera Fenghuang Er Qiao, addresses Xiao Qiao as "Qiao Ching" and Da Qiao as "Qiao Wan", both ladies are skilled in martial arts. Sun Ce was the protagonist of this opera, he borrows 3,000 troops from Yuan Shu and allies with the Qiao army, which is led by the Two Qiaos. The Qiao's father starts a competition for Zhou Yu and Sun Ce to prove they are worthy of marrying them, the Qiao sisters engage in battles with their future husbands. Sun Ce eventually gains Da Qiao's hand in marriage through a martial arts contest with the help of Zhou Yu and Xiao Qiao.

In popular culture

Films and TV Series

Taiwanese supermodel Lin Chi-ling starred as Xiao Qiao in the 2008 Chinese epic war film, Red Cliff, directed by John Woo. In the film, it is surmised that Cao Cao's infatuation with Xiao Qiao is the reason why he invaded Sun Quan's lands and initiated the battle. Chinese actress Huang Yi portrayed Xiao Qiao in Just Another Pandora's Box, a spoof of Red Cliff.

Cai Hancen and Tsai Yi-chen portrayed Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao, respectively, in the 2009 Taiwanese television series, K.O.3an Guo, a spoof of Romance of the Three Kingdoms in a modern high school setting.

Chinese actresses Liu Jing and Zhao Ke portrayed Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao, respectively, in the 2010 Chinese television series, Three Kingdoms.

Games

The Qiao sisters are featured as playable characters in Koei's Dynasty Warriors and Warriors Orochi video game series. The anime Koihime Musō and Ikki Tousen make references to Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao as well, in which they are known by their respective names in Japanese – Daikyō and Shōkyō.

The Two Qiaos are featured in Sega's Total War: Three Kingdoms after 19 March 2020, when the developer Creative Assembly released a DLC under the title of A World Betrayed, which gives the Two Qiao official portraits and 3D models with unique abilities.

The Qiaos are featured as "gods" in the Japanese mobile game Puzzle & Dragons, as part of the Three Kingdoms God series.

See also

References

  1. Sanguo Yanyi ch. 44.
  2. Tsao 2020, p. 52.
  3. ^ (頃之，策欲取荊州，以瑜為中護軍，領江夏太守，從攻皖，拔之。時得橋公兩女，皆國色也。策自納大橋，瑜納小橋。) Sanguozhi vol. 54.
  4. (江表傳曰：策從容戲瑜曰：「橋公二女雖流離，得吾二人作壻，亦足為歡。」) Jiang Biao Zhuan annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 54.
  5. (玄以光和六年卒，時年七十五。) Houhanshu vol. 51.
  6. Sima (1084), vol. 63.
  7. Tian 2018, p. 331.
  8. Brewitt-Taylor & Luo 1925, chpt. 44. Six more lines were added to the end of the poem, omitted here.
  9. Tsao 2020, p. 53.
  10. "Da Qiao & Xiao Qiao stats, skills, evolution, location - Puzzle & Dragons Database". www.puzzledragonx.com.
Categories: