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{{refimprove|date=April 2009}} |
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{{Infobox Greek Dimos |
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{{Infobox Greek Dimos |
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|name = Trikolonoi |
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|name = Trikolonoi |
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|name_local = Τρικόλωνοι |
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|name_local = Τρικόλωνοι |
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|type = municipal unit |
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|image_map = |
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|image_map = DE Trikolonon.svg |
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|periph = ] |
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|map_caption = Location within the regional unit |
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|prefec = ] |
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|periph = ] |
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|province = |
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|periphunit = ] |
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|population = 1260 |
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|municipality = ] |
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|population_as_of = 2001 |
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|population_ref = |
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|pop_municunit = 593 |
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|pop_dens = |
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|population_as_of = 2021 |
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|area = |
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|area_municunit = 102.0 |
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|elevation = 1083 |
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|elevation = |
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|coordinates = {{coord|37|33|N|22|5|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |
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|lat_deg = 37 |
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|lat_min = 33 |
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|lat_hem = N |
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|lon_deg = 22 |
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|lon_min = 5 |
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|lon_hem = E |
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|postal_code = 220 24 |
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|postal_code = 220 24 |
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|area_code = 27950 |
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|area_code = 27950 |
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|licence = TP |
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|licence = TP |
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|website = {{url|http://www.gortynia.gov.gr}} |
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|mayor = |
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|image_skyline = Stemnitsa Arkadia Peloponnese.jpg |
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|website = |
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|city_flag = |
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|city_seal = |
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|city_seal = |
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|districts = |
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|party = |
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}} |
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}} |
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'''Trikolonoi''' ({{langx|el|Τρικόλωνοι}}) is a former municipality in ], ], ]. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality ], of which it is a municipal unit.<ref name=Kallikratis>{{Cite web|url=http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL81-32jgAMSfbnMRVjyfnPUeJInJ48_97uHrMts-zFzeyCiBSQOpYnT00MHhcXFRTsb2fGphpq4MKX2ZkaHobySNnvZCNHXvYVvlf80XevW0Q.|title=ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities|language=el|publisher=]}}</ref> The municipal unit has an area of 102.031 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=stat01>{{cite web|url=http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf|publisher=National Statistical Service of Greece|title=Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)|language=el}}</ref> The municipal unit includes the villages of ] (the former municipal seat), ], ], ], ], Ano Kalyvia and ]. Trikolonoi is located southeast of ], west of ] and north of ]. The place takes its name from the ancient town of ]. |
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'''Stemnitsa''' ({{lang-el|Στεμνίτσα}}) is a ] village in the northwestern ],in ]. It is located 220 kilometers (approx. 137 miles) from ], the capital of Greece. It is the seat of the municipality of '''Trikolonoi''', which also includes the surrounding villages of ], ], ] and ]. It is considered one of the most beautiful villages in Arcadia. The village's name comes from a ] word meaning "a thick forest shaded with trees". The town is located south of ], southwest of ] and ], west of ], and north of ] and ]. In 2001 Trikolonoi had a municipality population of 1,260. Its nearest neighbouring communities are Dimitsana, about 9 km to the north, and ] to the southeast. Its main industries are ] and services. |
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==Geography== |
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==Subdivisions== |
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The municipal unit Trikolonoi is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets): |
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The village is located on the eastern slope of a valley, which has a small creek to its east. The residential area covers the eastern part of a mountain. Another mountain is located to its west and southeast. Most of the area to the west is deforested. There are forests to the south. It overlooks the ] river and its gorge. One can see mountains to the west, the north and the east. Several houses are abandoned. Farmlands are to the north and around the hilltop of Stemnitsa. Its main products are ] and ]. Fruits and vegetables are not grown due to the slopey hills. It has approximately 3 to 5 km of hydro lines. Its main shops and buildings are within the main road. |
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Stemnitsa is nested in the mountain range of Mainalon (altitude 1050 m). It is located 45 kilometers southwest of the capital of Arcadia, Tripolis. The village is connected by a road connecting ], the ] and ] (see the ]. The road is narrow and has only one lane within town limits, while it is two-laned outside the village. ] is about 20 km south. From Tripolis one could drive to Stemnitsa from two different ways, one via the tourist town of Vytina and the historic village of Dimitsana (8 km away from Stemnitsa), or through the mountain of Mainalon. Either route offers views of the Arcadian country side. |
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==History and myths== |
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On the 2nd century A.D., ], an ancient Greek traveller and geographer, describes in his "Arcadian" stories that Hypsous (Stemnitsa's other name) was located at the foot of Mount Hypsous. According to Pausanias, the area between Hypsous and Thyraiou (Syrna) was very mountainous and dangerous due to wild animals. |
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According to one of the many stories, the Pelasgian king of Arcadia, Lykaonas built the village in honor of his son Ypsountas. The village was known by the name of '''Hypsous''' ({{lang|el|Υψούς}}) until about the time of the ]. During 746 A.D. the Black Plague killed many of the inhabitants of Peloponnesos. In an effort to increase its population the emperor of the ] (Byzantine Empire), ], permitted ] to migrate there. That is how the subsequent name of the village "Stemnitsa" came into being. |
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After the overthrow of the Franks in 1430 Stemnitsa was inhabited by a number of renowned individuals, as indicated by inscriptions found on the walls of Zoodohos Pigi, a Byzantine chapel built 1433. After the fall of ] in 1453 the village, due to its location surrounded by mountains and having abundant spring waters and being away from larger villages, served as a relatively safe heaven from the invading armies of the Ottoman Turks. The first mention, some say, of the word Stemnitsa, was found in Ottoman taxation documents dated 1512-1515 where the number of families appeared to be about 120. This information was published by professor John Alexandropoulos. In the Grimani Venetian Census report Stemnitsa was shown as the most populous village in Gortynia with 925 people. |
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By the large number of churches built there and from other descriptions one can deduce that Stemnitsa was a significant village. According to some stories there were once seven parishes, each with its own priest and church. Today one can see many small Byzantine churches some still in a relatively good condition. The church of Bafero was built in 1185 and the Zoodohos in 1433. The two larger churches are Ai-Giorgis and Agia Paraskevi. Currently one priest holds services on alternate Sundays in these two churches. |
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According to some, during the first years of the 2nd ] occupation of Peloponnesos 1685-1715, a small neighborhood was built in the location today called Kastro (i.e. fort). This is the time where, it is speculated, that a sizeable library was created. These manuscripts and books were subsequently destroyed when they were used to make gun-powder supplies during the 1821 war of independence. Others maintain that the manuscripts and books were hidden in the cistern outside the church of Bafero to save them from the invaders and were damaged due to humidity. |
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During the years of the ], Stemnitsa was a shelter for the Kolokotronis clan and other fighters of the ]. It was also the birthplace of Antonis Pelopidas, a member of the ]. After the revolution of ], ], from the end of May to mid of June 1821, it served as the first seat of the "Peloponissiaki Gerousia" (temporary Peloponnisian government) of the liberated Peloponnese. The Gerousia met at the "keli" (monastery cell) of the small monastery of Zoodohos Pigi. This cell still stands there next to the church of Panagia Chrysopigi. |
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In 1836 the township of Hypsous was created. In 1841 it was renamed Trikolonon. As the area was not fertile, many inhabitants developed into skilled artisans of iron, copper, bronze, brass, gold, silver, producing church bells, church utensils, shotguns, etc. They excelled in the art of crafting jewelry using silver and gold. |
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==Other Information== |
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Stemnitsa was the birthplace of the Greek Prime Minister ] in 1803. Another prominent figure from Stemnitsa was Dimitrios Thanopoulos, who won a silver medal in Greco-Roman wrestling at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles. |
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The Greek government has established a public funded smithery school where students can learn to craft jewelry from silver and gold (see ]). Students are trained there tuition free. In April 1996 the Pan-European Council of Silver and Gold was held in Stemnitsa. |
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Stemnitsa has a ], established by John Savopoulos and his wife Irine. It includes various exhibitions regarding the traditional way of Stemnitsa life in the past including how candles were made, a jeweler's workshop, a shoe repair shop and a copper tinning representation. If also houses an extensive selection of Byzantine icons, old costumes, copper- ware, guns and jewelry. |
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An organization which is responsible for the beautification of Stemnitsa is the Cultural and Beautification Organization "Politistikos kai Exoraistikos Syllogos Stemnitsioton Ypsountas". This organization is also in charge of the local cultural center "The Nikoletopouleion" and of organizing a number of other events which take place during the year, mainly during the months of July and August. |
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Seven kilometers from Stemnitsa, down by the ravine of the river Lousios one can find the monastery of St. John the Forerunner (Prodromos) built, according to some sources, around 1167, on the side of the mountain rock. It served as a center of faith and education for the enslaved Greeks during the Ottoman rule. Since 1960 the monastery is accessible to cars and there is a road linking it to the neighboring villages of Dimitsana, and Ellinikon. About 200 yards below the monastery, is the river Lousios. Near the monastery are the excavations of an ancient hospital built in honor of the ancient Greek god of medicine, ]. |
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The village has a school, several churches (most from the Byzantine era),a few taverns and a square ('']''). |
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The library of Stemnitsa used to have around 5,000 volumes until the ] of 1821. It is now a monument and is located next to the square. |
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Stemnitsa was ravaged during ] and the ], buildings were rebuilt later and the population began to decline slowly imigrating to other towns and cities across Greece and abroad. |
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Until the 1960s, much of the village did not have electricity and until the 1980s, most of the houses were stone-built. In the 1970s, the town was illuminated for the first time. Television also arrived later on as well as ] in the late-1990s but still in small numbers. |
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==Municipal districts== |
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*] |
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*] (Palamari, ]) |
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**] |
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*] (Stemnitsa, Moni Agiou Ioannou Prodromou) |
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*'''Stemnitsa''' |
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*] |
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*] (Syrna, Ano Kalyvia) |
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**] |
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==Population history== |
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==Population history== |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"11 |
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! Year !! Population |
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! Year !! Village population !! Change !! Municipal population !! Change !! Percent of the municipality !! Percent of the prefecture<!--!! Density--> |
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|- bgcolor="#efefef" |
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| 1500s || 925 || - || - || - || - || - <!--|| - --> |
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| 1991 || 1,255 |
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| 1981 || 404 || -521 or -56.32% (1500-1981) || - || - || - || - <!--|| - --> |
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| 2001 || 1,260 |
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| 1991 || 495 || +91 or +22.52% || 1,255 || - || - || - <!--|| - --> |
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| 2011 || 578 |
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| 2001 || 412 || -83 or -16.767% || 1,260 || +5 or +3.98% || 39.44 || 1.23% <!--|| - --> |
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| 2021 || 593 |
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==See also== |
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The municipality today covers about 39.44% of the municipal population. |
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*] |
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== Other == |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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Stemnitsa has a school, a lyceum (middle school), churches, a post office and a few squares ('']''). |
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== External links == |
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==External links== |
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{{Geographic location |
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== See also == |
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|Centre = Trikolonoi |
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|North = |
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* ] |
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|Northeast = ] |
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|East = ] |
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==References== |
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|Southeast = ] |
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{{reflist}} |
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|South = |
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|Southwest = ] |
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|West = |
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{| width ="75%" border = 2 align="center" |
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|Northwest = ] |
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|----- |
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}} |
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| width ="35%" align="center" | |
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| width ="30%" align="center" | '''North:''' ] and ] |
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| width ="35%" align="center" | |
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|----- |
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| width ="10%" align="center" | '''West:''' ] |
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| width ="35%" align="center" | '''Trikolones''' |
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| width ="30%" align="center" | '''East:''' ] and ] |
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|----- |
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| width ="35%" align="center" | |
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| width ="30%" align="center" | '''South:''' ] |
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| width ="35%" align="center" | '''Southeast:''' ] |
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{{Trikolones}} |
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{{Trikolones}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{Arcadia}} |
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The municipal unit Trikolonoi is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):
TrikolonoiLocation within the regional unit 
Trikolonoi
