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{{Short description|Russian imperial prince (1843–1865)}}
{{Infobox Royalty
{{for|the son of ], who succeeded his father on the throne in 1894|Nicholas II of Russia}}
| name = Nicholas Alexandrovich
{{Infobox royalty
| title =Tsarevich of Russia
| image =Nixa.JPG | name = Nicholas Alexandrovich
| imgw = 180px | title = ]
| image = Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsarevich of Russia 2.jpg
| caption =
| caption = Nicholas Alexandrovich, {{circa|1864–65}}
| consort =
| issue = | consort =
| issue =
| house =]
| full name = Nicholas Alexandrovich Romanov
| father =]
| house = ]
| mother =]
| father = ]
| date of birth ={{birth date|1843|9|20|mf=y}}
| mother = ]
| place of birth = ], ], ]
| date of death ={{death date and age|1865|4|24|1843|9|20|mf=y}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|1843|9|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = ], ], ], ]
| place of death = ], ]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1865|4|24|1843|9|20|df=y}}
| place of burial=
| death_place = Villa Bermond, ], ]
|}}
| place of burial = ], ], ]
'''Tsarevich Nikolay Aleksandrovich ]''' ({{lang-ru|Цесаревич Николай Александрович Романов}}), full title: '''Heir, Tsarevich and ]''' ({{lang-ru|Наследник-Цесаревич и Великий Князь}}) ({{OldStyleDate|20 September|1843|8 September}} – {{OldStyleDate|24 April|1865|12 April}}) was ] - the ] - of ], from ] ] until his death in 1865. He was nick-named '''Nixa'''.
}}
'''Nicholas Alexandrovich''' ({{langx|ru|Николай Александрович}}; {{OldStyleDate|20 September|1843|8 September}} – {{OldStyleDate|24 April|1865|12 April}}) was ]—the ]—of ] from 2 March 1855 until his death in 1865.

==Early life==
], who died in childhood.]]
Grand Duke Nicholas was born on {{OldStyleDateNY|20 September|8 September}} 1843, in the ] in ] south of central ], during the reign of his grandfather, Emperor ]. Nicknamed "Nixa", he was the eldest son of the Tsesarevich ], eldest son of Emperor Nicholas I, and the Tsesarevna ]. In 1855, his paternal grandfather died, and his father succeeded to the throne as Emperor Alexander II.

Nicholas was extremely well-educated and intelligent. His paternal uncle Grand Duke ] called him "the crown of perfection."<ref> Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, p. 402</ref> His history teacher said, “If I succeeded in forming a student equal to Nikolai Alexandrovich once in ten years, I’d think I’d have fulfilled my duties."<ref> Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, p. 402</ref>


Nicholas had a close relationship with his younger brother, ]. He called Alexander "Pug." On his deathbed, he told his father, "Papa, take care of Sasha, he is such an honest, good man."<ref> Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, p. 404</ref>
He was born at ], the eldest son of ], eldest son of ], and ]. In 1855, his paternal grandfather died and his father succeeded as Emperor Alexander II. His early death at the age of twenty-one was a devastating blow to his mother.


==Engagement== ==Engagement==
]
].]]
Nicholas was engaged in the summer of 1864 to ]. She was the second eldest daughter of ] and ] (or Hesse-Cassel) and a sister-in-law of ], heir to the ]. It is believed that when on his deathbed, Nicholas expressed his wish that his fiancée should become the bride of his younger brother and successor as Tsarevich, ]. In the summer of 1864, Nicholas became engaged to ]. She was the second daughter of ] and ] and was a younger sister of the ], later Queen Alexandra and wife of the heir-apparent to the British throne, Albert Edward, who reigned as ].

Nicholas was besotted with Dagmar after he saw a photograph of her. On 3 August 1863, he wrote to his mother: "I haven’t fallen in love with anyone for a long time. . . You may laugh but the main reason for this is Dagmar whom I fell in love with long ago without even seeing her. I think only about her.”<ref>Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, p. 402</ref> He was tremendously happy after he proposed to Dagmar in her native Denmark: “How can I not be happy when my heart tells me I love her, love her dearly?. . . How can I describe her? Pretty, direct, intelligent, lively yet shy.”<ref>The Romanovs, p. 403</ref> As he continued on his European tour, he wrote love letters to Dagmar every day.


==Death== ==Death==
Nicholas was thought to have a strong constitution until early 1865 while on tour in southern Europe he contracted an ailment that was initially incorrectly diagnosed as ] which later turned out to be Cerebo-Spinal ]. Nicholas's initial symptoms included backpain and stiff neck as well as sensitivity to noise and light. However Nicholas thought little of it and continued his tour in Italy but his health quickly turned for the worst. He was sent to ] and while in France, his health deteriorated. Throughout spring of 1865 Nicholas never recovered and he died on April 24, 1865 in ], ].<ref>{{cite journal Until 1865, Nicholas was thought to have a strong constitution. During a tour in southern Europe, he contracted an ailment that was initially incorrectly diagnosed as ]. Nicholas's symptoms at that time included back pain and a stiff neck, as well as sensitivity to noise and light. He thought little of his ailments, however, and continued his tour in Italy.
| year = 1865
| month = May
| day = 6
| title = Med Guds Nåde WI ALEXANDER II
| journal = ]
| issue = 104
| pages = 1
| publisher = ]
| location = Helsinki
| url = http://digi.lib.helsinki.fi/sanomalehti/secure/showPage.html?action=page&type=lq&id=462445&pageFrame_currPage=1
| language = {{sv icon}}
| accessdate = 10-02-2009
}}</ref>


His health rapidly worsened, and he was sent to Southern France. This move brought him no improvement. It was eventually determined that he was suffering from cerebro-spinal ], and it was speculated that this illness of his was caused by a previous accident in a wrestling match, in which Nicholas participated and was thrown down.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HL1OSmANe2sC&q=wrestling+match|title=Life of Alexander II: Emperor of All the Russias|year=1883|location=London| author=F. R. Graham|page=180}}</ref> In the spring of 1865, Nicholas continued to decline, and he died on 24 April 1865, at the ] in ], ].
His death at an early age of 21 thoroughly devastated his mother, who was said to have pored over all aspects of Nicholas life so intently and Empress Marie never recovered from his death.

On his deathbed, Nicholas expressed the wish that his fiancée become the bride of his younger brother and future Tsarevich, ]. He "raised his right hand and took Sasha's hand... and seemed to be reaching for Princess Dagmar's with his left."<ref>Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, p. 404</ref> In 1866, Alexander and Dagmar married.<ref>{{cite journal|date=6 May 1865 |title=Med Guds Nåde WI ALEXANDER II |journal=Finlands Allmänna Tidning |issue=104 |pages=1 |publisher=] |location=Helsinki |url=http://digi.lib.helsinki.fi/sanomalehti/secure/showPage.html?action=page&type=lq&id=462445&pageFrame_currPage=1 |language=Sv |access-date=10 February 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722150140/http://digi.lib.helsinki.fi/sanomalehti/secure/showPage.html?action=page&type=lq&id=462445&pageFrame_currPage=1 |archive-date=July 22, 2011 }}</ref>

Nicholas's death at the early age of 21 thoroughly devastated his mother, who was said to have pored obsessively over all aspects of Nicholas's life. Empress Maria never recovered from his death.

In 1867, construction was begun on a chapel named in his honor (]) in Nice, on the exact place where Nicholas was said to have died, and in 1868, the chapel was inaugurated, with his brother Alexander and his wife, the re-christened Maria Feodorovna, in attendance.

==Honours==
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* {{flag|Russian Empire}}:<ref name="Army"> (In Russian)</ref>
** ], ''1843''
** ], ''1843''
** ], ''1843''
** ], 1st Class, ''1843''
* {{flag|Austrian Empire}}: ], ''1860''<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222022855/http://tornai.com/rendtagok.htm|date=22 December 2010}}</ref>
* {{flag|Baden}}:<ref name="HandbuchBaden">''Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden'' (1862), "Großherzogliche Orden" , </ref>
** Knight of the ], ''1857''
** ], ''1857''
* {{flag|Kingdom of Bavaria}}: ], ''1859''<ref name="Bayern1864">{{cite book|author=Bayern|title=Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern: 1864|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5S1RAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA10|year=1864|publisher=Landesamt|page=10}}</ref>
* {{flag|Belgium}}: Grand Cordon of the ] (military), ''28 August 1859''<ref>{{citation|chapter-url=https://archives.bruxelles.be/almanach/watch/AR/ALMANACH%20ROYAL%20OFFICIEL_1863_R%20208/ALMANACH%20ROYAL%20OFFICIEL_1863_R%20208#page/26|title=Almanach Royal Officiel|year=1863|chapter=Liste des Membres de l'Ordre de Léopold|lang=french|via=Archives de Bruxelles|page=52}}</ref>
* {{flag|Denmark}}: ], ''20 September 1859''<ref name="DanskStatskalender">{{cite book |year=1864 |orig-year=1st pub.:1801 |editor1-last=Bille-Hansen |editor1-first=A. C. |editor2-last=Holck |editor2-first=Harald |title=Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1864 |trans-title=State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1864 |url=https://dis-danmark.dk/bibliotek/910078.pdf#page=36 |series=Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender |language=da |location=Copenhagen |publisher=J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri |page=4 |access-date=16 September 2019 |via=]}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg}} ]: Grand Cross of the ], ''20 September 1859''<ref>{{cite book| author = M. & B. Wattel. | title = Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers |location= Paris |date = 2009 |publisher= Archives & Culture | page = 515 | isbn = 978-2-35077-135-9| ref = M. et B. Wattel}}</ref>
* {{flag|Kingdom of Hanover}}:<ref name="Hannover1864">{{cite book|author=Staat Hannover|title=Hof- und Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Hannover: 1864|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JQFTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7|year=1864|publisher=Berenberg|pages=, }}</ref>
** ], ''1859''
** Grand Cross of the ], ''1859''
* {{flag|Grand Duchy of Hesse}}: Grand Cross of the ], ''5 March 1855''<ref name="Hessen-Darmstadt1864">{{cite book|author=Hessen-Darmstadt|title=Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Hessen: für das Jahr ... 1864|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0_lSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA10|year=1864|publisher=Staatsverl.|page=10}}</ref>
* {{flag|Oldenburg}}: ], with Golden Crown, ''20 September 1859''<ref name="Oldenburg1864">{{cite book|author=Staat Oldenburg|title=Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg: für ... 1864|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gwVTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA26|year=1864|publisher=Schulze|page=26}}</ref>
* {{flag|Kingdom of Portugal}}: ], ''26 October 1859''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bragança |first1=Jose Vicente de |last2=Estrela |first2=Paulo Jorge |date=2017 |title=Troca de Decorações entre os Reis de Portugal e os Imperadores da Rússia |url=https://www.academia.edu/35782766 |language=pt |trans-title=Exchange of Decorations between the Kings of Portugal and the Emperors of Russia |journal=Pro Phalaris |volume=16 |page=10 |access-date=19 March 2020 |archive-date=23 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123145805/https://www.academia.edu/35782766 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861–1946).svg}} ]: ], ''20 February 1859''<ref name="Cibrario1869">{{cite book|author=Luigi Cibrario|title=Notizia storica del nobilissimo ordine supremo della santissima Annunziata. Sunto degli statuti, catalogo dei cavalieri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2aP6enNFoYC&pg=PA116|year=1869|publisher=Eredi Botta|page=116}}</ref>
* {{flag|Kingdom of Saxony}}: ], ''1859''<ref>{{cite book|title=Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1865/66|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SBFTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA4|year=1866|publisher=Heinrich|page=4}}</ref>
* {{flag|Spain|1785}}: ], ''10 February 1857''<ref>{{citation|chapter-url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0002281582&search=&lang=en|chapter=Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro|title=Guía Oficial de España|date=1864|access-date=10 December 2019|page=155|language=es}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Sweden|1844}} {{flagicon|Norway|1844}} ]: ], ''20 September 1859''<ref>{{citation|title=Sveriges och Norges Statskalender |year=1864|page=422|url=https://runeberg.org/sonkal/1864/0462.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=2019-02-20|language=sv}}</ref>
* {{flag|Württemberg}}: ], ''1861''<ref name="Württemberg1862">{{cite book|author=Württemberg|title=Königlich-Württembergisches Hof- und Staats-Handbuch: 1862|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JVwAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA30|year=1862|publisher=Guttenberg|page=30}}</ref>
}}


==Ancestry== ==Ancestry==
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|2= 2. ] |2= 2. ]
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|4= 4. ] |4= 4. ]
|5= 5. ] |5= 5. ]
|6= 6. ] |6= 6. ]
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|10= 10. ] |10= 10. ]
|11= 11. ] |11= 11. ]
|12= 12. ] |12= 12. ]
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|14= 14. ] |14= 14. ]
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== Notes == ==Notes==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist|2}}


==References== ==References==
*
* Zeepvat, Charlotte, Romanov Autumn, Sutton Publishing, 2000 * Zeepvat, Charlotte, Romanov Autumn, Sutton Publishing, 2000
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Latest revision as of 13:57, 19 December 2024

Russian imperial prince (1843–1865) For the son of Alexander III, who succeeded his father on the throne in 1894, see Nicholas II of Russia.
Nicholas Alexandrovich
Tsesarevich of Russia
Nicholas Alexandrovich, c. 1864–65
Born(1843-09-20)20 September 1843
Alexander Palace, Tsarskoye Selo, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Died24 April 1865(1865-04-24) (aged 21)
Villa Bermond, Nice, Second French Empire
BurialPeter and Paul Cathedral, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire
Names
Nicholas Alexandrovich Romanov
HouseHolstein-Gottorp-Romanov
FatherAlexander II of Russia
MotherMarie of Hesse and by Rhine

Nicholas Alexandrovich (Russian: Николай Александрович; 20 September [O.S. 8 September] 1843 – 24 April [O.S. 12 April] 1865) was tsesarevich—the heir apparent—of Imperial Russia from 2 March 1855 until his death in 1865.

Early life

Nicholas with his elder sister Alexandra, who died in childhood.

Grand Duke Nicholas was born on 20 September [O.S. 8 September] 1843, in the Alexander Palace in Tsarskoye Selo south of central Saint Petersburg, during the reign of his grandfather, Emperor Nicholas I. Nicknamed "Nixa", he was the eldest son of the Tsesarevich Alexander Nikolaevich, eldest son of Emperor Nicholas I, and the Tsesarevna Maria Alexandrovna of Russia. In 1855, his paternal grandfather died, and his father succeeded to the throne as Emperor Alexander II.

Nicholas was extremely well-educated and intelligent. His paternal uncle Grand Duke Konstantin called him "the crown of perfection." His history teacher said, “If I succeeded in forming a student equal to Nikolai Alexandrovich once in ten years, I’d think I’d have fulfilled my duties."

Nicholas had a close relationship with his younger brother, Grand Duke Alexander. He called Alexander "Pug." On his deathbed, he told his father, "Papa, take care of Sasha, he is such an honest, good man."

Engagement

Tsesarevich Nicholas with Princess Dagmar of Denmark, engagement photograph, 1864

In the summer of 1864, Nicholas became engaged to Princess Dagmar of Denmark. She was the second daughter of King Christian IX and Queen Louise of Denmark and was a younger sister of the Princess of Wales, later Queen Alexandra and wife of the heir-apparent to the British throne, Albert Edward, who reigned as Edward VII.

Nicholas was besotted with Dagmar after he saw a photograph of her. On 3 August 1863, he wrote to his mother: "I haven’t fallen in love with anyone for a long time. . . You may laugh but the main reason for this is Dagmar whom I fell in love with long ago without even seeing her. I think only about her.” He was tremendously happy after he proposed to Dagmar in her native Denmark: “How can I not be happy when my heart tells me I love her, love her dearly?. . . How can I describe her? Pretty, direct, intelligent, lively yet shy.” As he continued on his European tour, he wrote love letters to Dagmar every day.

Death

Until 1865, Nicholas was thought to have a strong constitution. During a tour in southern Europe, he contracted an ailment that was initially incorrectly diagnosed as rheumatism. Nicholas's symptoms at that time included back pain and a stiff neck, as well as sensitivity to noise and light. He thought little of his ailments, however, and continued his tour in Italy.

His health rapidly worsened, and he was sent to Southern France. This move brought him no improvement. It was eventually determined that he was suffering from cerebro-spinal meningitis, and it was speculated that this illness of his was caused by a previous accident in a wrestling match, in which Nicholas participated and was thrown down. In the spring of 1865, Nicholas continued to decline, and he died on 24 April 1865, at the Villa Bermond in Nice, France.

On his deathbed, Nicholas expressed the wish that his fiancée become the bride of his younger brother and future Tsarevich, Alexander. He "raised his right hand and took Sasha's hand... and seemed to be reaching for Princess Dagmar's with his left." In 1866, Alexander and Dagmar married.

Nicholas's death at the early age of 21 thoroughly devastated his mother, who was said to have pored obsessively over all aspects of Nicholas's life. Empress Maria never recovered from his death.

In 1867, construction was begun on a chapel named in his honor (fr:Chapelle du tsarévitch Nicolas Alexandrovitch) in Nice, on the exact place where Nicholas was said to have died, and in 1868, the chapel was inaugurated, with his brother Alexander and his wife, the re-christened Maria Feodorovna, in attendance.

Honours

Ancestry

Ancestors of Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsesarevich of Russia
8. Paul I of Russia
4. Nicholas I of Russia
9. Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Württemburg
2. Alexander II of Russia
10. Frederick William III of Prussia
5. Princess Charlotte of Prussia
11. Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
1. Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsarevich of Russia
12. Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
6. Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
13. Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt
3. Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine
14. Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden
7. Princess Wilhelmine of Baden
15. Princess Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt

Notes

  1. Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, p. 402
  2. Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, p. 402
  3. Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, p. 404
  4. Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, p. 402
  5. The Romanovs, p. 403
  6. F. R. Graham (1883). Life of Alexander II: Emperor of All the Russias. London. p. 180.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs, p. 404
  8. "Med Guds Nåde WI ALEXANDER II". Finlands Allmänna Tidning (in Swedish) (104). Helsinki: Grand Duchy of Finland: 1. 6 May 1865. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
  9. Russian Imperial Army – Grand Duke Nikolai Alexandrovich of Russia (In Russian)
  10. "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  11. Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1862), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp. 33, 45
  12. Bayern (1864). Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern: 1864. Landesamt. p. 10.
  13. "Liste des Membres de l'Ordre de Léopold", Almanach Royal Officiel (in French), 1863, p. 52 – via Archives de Bruxelles
  14. Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1864) . Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1864 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1864] (PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. p. 4. Retrieved 16 September 2019 – via da:DIS Danmark.
  15. M. & B. Wattel. (2009). Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers. Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 515. ISBN 978-2-35077-135-9.
  16. Staat Hannover (1864). Hof- und Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Hannover: 1864. Berenberg. pp. 38, 79.
  17. Hessen-Darmstadt (1864). Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Hessen: für das Jahr ... 1864. Staatsverl. p. 10.
  18. Staat Oldenburg (1864). Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg: für ... 1864. Schulze. p. 26.
  19. Bragança, Jose Vicente de; Estrela, Paulo Jorge (2017). "Troca de Decorações entre os Reis de Portugal e os Imperadores da Rússia" [Exchange of Decorations between the Kings of Portugal and the Emperors of Russia]. Pro Phalaris (in Portuguese). 16: 10. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  20. Luigi Cibrario (1869). Notizia storica del nobilissimo ordine supremo della santissima Annunziata. Sunto degli statuti, catalogo dei cavalieri. Eredi Botta. p. 116.
  21. Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1865/66. Heinrich. 1866. p. 4.
  22. "Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro", Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1864, p. 155, retrieved 10 December 2019
  23. Sveriges och Norges Statskalender (in Swedish), 1864, p. 422, retrieved 2019-02-20 – via runeberg.org
  24. Württemberg (1862). Königlich-Württembergisches Hof- und Staats-Handbuch: 1862. Guttenberg. p. 30.

References

  • Zeepvat, Charlotte, Romanov Autumn, Sutton Publishing, 2000
Heirs to the Russian throne
Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721) / Russian Empire (1721–1917)
Tsareviches
Without special title
Tsesareviches
  • Title of Tsarevich was used for all Tsar's sons from the times of Ivan IV to Peter I. Only heirs to the throne included in this template.
  • Ivan IV's son from his fifth (or seventh) marriage, and thus illegitimate by the canon law
  • Son of a man claimed to be tsarevich Dmitry
Grand Dukes of Russia
The generations are numbered from Peter I of Russia
1st generation
2nd generation
3rd generation
4th generation
5th generation
6th generation
7th generation
8th generation
9th generation
10th generation
  • born a Grand Duke, but stripped of his title by Alexander III's ukase of 1886, limiting the style to sons and male-line grandsons of a tsar
  • title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich as claimant to the Russian throne
  • title of pretence granted by Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich as claimant to the Russian throne
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