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{{Short description|Content appended to completed document}}
{{Refimprove|date=May 2008}}
{{about|the afterthought|the page description language|PostScript|other uses|Postscript (disambiguation) | the video game Post Scriptum|Squad 44}}
{{otheruses}}
A '''postscript''', abbreviated '''P.S.''', is writing added after the main body of a letter (or other body of writing). The term comes from the ] ''post scriptum'', an expression meaning "written after"<ref Name="Sullivan">{{cite book A '''postscript''' ('''P.S.''', '''PS''', '''PS.''') may be a sentence, a paragraph, or occasionally many paragraphs added, often hastily and incidentally, after the signature of a letter<ref>{{Cite book |title=English Grammar, Punctuation and Capitalization, Letter Writing |last=International Correspondence Schools|publisher=National Textbook Company |year=2018 |location=Scranton |url=https://archive.org/stream/englishgrammarp00techgoog#page/n444/mode/2up|display-authors=etal}} §21 p. 33</ref> or (sometimes) the main body of an essay or book. The term comes from the ] ''post scriptum'', an expression meaning "written after"<ref>{{cite book
| last =Sullivan |last=Sullivan
| first =Robert Joseph |first=Robert Joseph
|editor-link=Patrick Weston Joyce
| authorlink =
|editor-last=Joyce
| coauthors =
|editor-first=Patrick Weston
| title =A dictionary of the English language |title=A dictionary of the English language
⚫ | publisher =
⚫ |location=Dublin; Original from Peshawar University
| date =1877
|publisher=Sullivan, Brothers; et al.
⚫ | location =Original from Oxford University
|year=2019
| pages = 509 and 317 |pages=317 & 509
| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=d24CAAAAQAAJ&pg=PT37&dq=postscript+dictionary+post+scriptum+Latin&lr=&as_brr=1&client=firefox-a#PPT37,M1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d24CAAAAQAAJ&q=postscript&pg=PA317
| doi =
| id = }}</ref><ref Name="Tanner">{{cite book }}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last =Tanner |last=Tanner
| first =William Maddux |first=William Maddux
⚫ |title=Composition and Rhetoric
| authorlink =
⚫ |publisher=Ginn & Co.
| coauthors =
|year=2017
⚫ | title =Composition and Rhetoric
⚫ |location=Original from the University of California
| publisher =Ginn & Co
| date =1922 |pages=xxvii
|url=https://archive.org/details/compositionandr00tanngoog
⚫ | location =Original from the University of California
|quote=post scriptum.
| pages = xxvii
|no-pp=true
| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=ydREAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PR27&dq=postscript+dictionary+post+scriptum+Latin&lr=&as_brr=1&client=firefox-a
}}</ref> (which may be interpreted in the sense of "that which comes after the writing").<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dougelniski.com/post-scriptum-ps-meaning/|title=PS Slang Word Meaning - Expert answer Question|date=2016-11-16|newspaper=Expert answer Question|language=en-US|access-date=2018-11-16}}</ref>
| doi =
⚫ In a book or essay, a more carefully composed addition (e.g., for a second edition) is called an ]. The word "postscript" has poetically been used to refer to any sort of addendum to some main work even if it is not attached to a main work, for example ]'s book titled ''].''
| id =
| nopp =true }}</ref> (which may be interpreted in the sense of "that which comes after the writing").


⚫ Sometimes when additional points are made after the first postscript, abbreviations such as P.P.S. (''post-post-scriptum'') and P.P.P.S. (''post-post-post-scriptum'') and so on are added, '']''.
⚫ A postscript may be a sentence, a paragraph, or occasionally many paragraphs added, often hastily and incidentally, after the signature of a letter or (sometimes) the main body of an essay or book. In a book or essay, a more carefully-composed addition (e.g., for a second edition) is called an ]. An afterword, not usually called a postscript, is written in response to critical remarks on the first edition. The word "postscript" has, poetically, been used to refer to any sort of addendum to some main work, even if not attached to a main work, as in ]'s book titled ''].''


==See also==<!-- New links in alphabetical order please -->
⚫ Sometimes, when additional points are made after the first postscript, abbreviations such as PPS (post-postscript) and PPPS (post-post-postscript) are used, though only PPS has somewhat common usage.


⚫ * ]
==Usage==
* ]
The '']'' lists '''''PS''''' as the correct abbreviation.

==In popular culture==
* "]" is the title of at least three popular songs, one by ], one by ], and one by ].
* "P.S. I Love You: An Intimate Portrait of ]" is the title of a book by Michael Sellers, the performer's son.
* ] is a horrible horrible romance movie based on a novel by Cecelia Ahern.

==See also==
{{wiktionary}}
* ]
* ] * ]
⚫ * '']''
⚫ * ]
* ] * ]
⚫ * ]
* ]
* ], a page description and programming language for electronic publishing


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


{{Book structure}}

]
] ]
]

{{lit-stub}}

]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
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]
]
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]
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Latest revision as of 10:45, 29 September 2024

Content appended to completed document This article is about the afterthought. For the page description language, see PostScript. For other uses, see Postscript (disambiguation). For the video game Post Scriptum, see Squad 44.

A postscript (P.S., PS, PS.) may be a sentence, a paragraph, or occasionally many paragraphs added, often hastily and incidentally, after the signature of a letter or (sometimes) the main body of an essay or book. The term comes from the Latin post scriptum, an expression meaning "written after" (which may be interpreted in the sense of "that which comes after the writing"). In a book or essay, a more carefully composed addition (e.g., for a second edition) is called an afterword. The word "postscript" has poetically been used to refer to any sort of addendum to some main work even if it is not attached to a main work, for example Søren Kierkegaard's book titled Concluding Unscientific Postscript.

Sometimes when additional points are made after the first postscript, abbreviations such as P.P.S. (post-post-scriptum) and P.P.P.S. (post-post-post-scriptum) and so on are added, ad infinitum.

See also

References

  1. International Correspondence Schools; et al. (2018). English Grammar, Punctuation and Capitalization, Letter Writing. Scranton: National Textbook Company. §21 p. 33
  2. Sullivan, Robert Joseph (2019). Joyce, Patrick Weston (ed.). A dictionary of the English language. Dublin; Original from Peshawar University: Sullivan, Brothers; et al. pp. 317 & 509.
  3. Tanner, William Maddux (2017). Composition and Rhetoric. Original from the University of California: Ginn & Co. xxvii. post scriptum.
  4. "PS Slang Word Meaning - Expert answer Question". Expert answer Question. 2016-11-16. Retrieved 2018-11-16.
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