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{{Short description|Town in Greater Manchester, England}}
⚫ {{infobox UK place
{{EngvarB|date=June 2016}}
⚫ |country = England
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
⚫ |latitude= 53.5389
⚫ {{Infobox UK place
|longitude= -2.0696
|official_name= Lees | country = England
| coordinates = {{coord|53.538|-2.069|display=inline,title}}
⚫ | population = 10,132
| official_name = Lees
⚫ | population_ref = (])
⚫ | population = 4,500
⚫ |metropolitan_borough= ]
⚫ | population_ref = (])
⚫ |metropolitan_county= ]
⚫ | metropolitan_borough = ]
|region= North West England
⚫ | metropolitan_county = ]
⚫ |constituency_westminster= ]
|post_town= OLDHAM | region = North West England
⚫ | constituency_westminster = ]
|postcode_area= OL
⚫ | post_town = OLDHAM
⚫ |postcode_district= OL4
|dial_code= 0161 | postcode_area = OL
⚫ | postcode_district = OL4
⚫ |os_grid_reference= SD955045
⚫ | dial_code = 0161
|static_image=]
⚫ | os_grid_reference = SD955045
⚫ |static_image_caption=<small>Lees village centre</small>
| static_image_name = Lees Centre.jpg
⚫ |london_distance=
⚫ | static_image_caption = Lees village centre
⚫ | london_distance =
}} }}
⚫ '''Lees''' (pop. 10,100) is a village within the ], in ], England.<ref name="GM Gazetteer">{{cite web |url=http://www.gmcro.co.uk/guides/gazette/gazframe.htm |title=A select gazetteer of local government areas, Greater Manchester County|publisher=]|accessdate=2008-06-17|date=2003-07-31}}</ref> It lies amongst the ] on elevated ground on the east side of the ], {{convert|1.8|mi|km|1}} east of ], and {{convert|8.2|mi|km|1}} east-northeast of ]. Historically, Lees has been positioned on the ] side of the ] with the ], giving rise to a part of Lees being known locally as '''County End'''.


⚫ '''Lees''' is a town in the ], ], England,<ref name="GM Gazetteer">{{cite web |url=http://www.gmcro.co.uk/Guides/Gazeteer/gazzi.htm |title=Greater Manchester Gazetteer|publisher=Greater Manchester County Record Office|access-date=17 June 2008|at=Places names – I-L|archive-date=18 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718144253/http://www.gmcro.co.uk/Guides/Gazeteer/gazzi.htm}}</ref> amongst the ] east of the ], {{convert|1.8|mi|km|1}} east of ], and {{convert|8.2|mi|km|1}} northeast of ].
⚫ Lees is believed to have obtained its name in the 14th century from John de Leghes, a ] of the local ]. For centuries, Lees was a conglomeration of ], ecclesiastically linked with the township of ]. Farming was the main industry of this rural area, with locals supplementing their incomes by ] weaving in the ]. At the beginning of the 19th century Lees had obtained a reputation for its ]; ambitions to develop Lees into a ] were thwarted by an unplanned process of urbanisation caused by introduction and profitability of ].<ref name="Spin">{{cite web|url=http://www.spinningtheweb.org.uk/a_display.php?irn=239&QueryPage=&lang=|title= Oldham Towns; Lees|publisher=spinningtheweb.org.uk|author=]|accessdate=2007-01-05}}</ref><ref name="Visit">{{cite web|url=http://www.visitoldham.co.uk/heritage/lees.htm|title=The Oldham Boroughs: Lees|date=|accessdate=2008-06-25|publisher=visitoldham.co.uk}}</ref>


⚫ In the 14th century, when John de Leghes was a ] of the local ], Lees was a conglomeration of ], ecclesiastically linked with the township of ]. Farming was the main industry of this rural area, with locals supplementing their incomes by ] weaving in the ]. At the beginning of the 19th century, Lees had obtained a reputation for its ]; ambitions to develop a ] were thwarted by an unplanned process of urbanisation caused by the rise of ].<ref name="Spin">{{cite web|url=http://www.spinningtheweb.org.uk/a_display.php?irn=239&QueryPage=&lang=|title=Oldham Towns; Lees|publisher=spinningtheweb.org.uk|author=Manchester City Council|author-link=Manchester City Council|access-date=5 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314201445/http://www.spinningtheweb.org.uk/a_display.php?irn=239&QueryPage=&lang=|archive-date=14 March 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Visit">{{cite web|url=http://www.visitoldham.co.uk/heritage/lees.htm |title=The Oldham Boroughs: Lees |access-date=25 June 2008 |publisher=visitoldham.co.uk |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080523091037/http://www.visitoldham.co.uk/heritage/lees.htm |archive-date=23 May 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Lees expanded into a ] during the late-19th century on the back of neighbouring Oldham's booming ] sector. The former ], an area of {{convert|0.4|sqmi|km2|0}},<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_AREA_A&u_id=10002862&c_id=10001043&add=Y|publisher=visionofbritain.org.uk|accessdate=2008-06-24|title=Lees UD: Area (acres)}}</ref> had eleven ]s at its manufacturing zenith. Notable people associated with Lees include ], a 20th century oil painter.

Lees expanded into a ] in the late-19th century, on the back of neighbouring Oldham's boom in ]. ] had eleven ]s at its manufacturing zenith.


==History== ==History==
] brought ] to Lees in the form of eleven ], changing the character of the village completely.]] ] brought ] to Lees in the form of eleven ], changing the character of the village completely.]]
The settlement dates back to the 14th century and is thought to have been named after former ] of the manor, John de Leghes.<ref name="Spin"/><ref name="Visit"/> The settlement dates back to the 14th century and is thought to have been named after former ] of the manor, John de Leghes.<ref name="Spin"/><ref name="Visit"/>


Lees was one of the localities which, on 16 August 1819, sent a contingent of parishioners to the mass public demonstration at ], now known as the ].<ref>{{cite book |first=Joyce |last=Marlow |title=The Peterloo Massacre |publisher=Rapp & Whiting |date=1969 |isbn=0-85391-122-3|page=118}}</ref> In the week before Peterloo (an assembly demanding the reform of parliamentary representation), weavers in Lees had paraded through the village with a large black flag adorned with the slogans "no Borough Mongering, Taxation Without Representation is Unject and Tyrannical," and "Unite and be Free, ''Equal Representation or Death''". The growing unrest in the village prompted one alarmed inhabitant to write to the ].<ref>{{cite book|title=Radical Expression: Political Language, Ritual, and Symbol in England, 1790-1850|first=James A. |last=Epstein |publisher=]|date= 1994|page=75|isbn=978-0195065503}}</ref> Lees was one of the localities which, on 16 August 1819, sent a contingent of parishioners to the mass public demonstration at ], now known as the ].<ref>{{cite book |first=Joyce |last=Marlow |title=The Peterloo Massacre |publisher=Rapp & Whiting |year=1969 |isbn=0-85391-122-3|page=118}}</ref> In the week before Peterloo (an assembly demanding the reform of parliamentary representation), weavers in Lees had paraded through the village with a large black flag adorned with the slogans "no Borough Mongering, Taxation Without Representation is Unject and Tyrannical," and "Unite and be Free, ''Equal Representation or Death''". The growing unrest in the village prompted one alarmed inhabitant to write to the ].<ref>{{cite book|title=Radical Expression: Political Language, Ritual, and Symbol in England, 1790–1850|url=https://archive.org/details/radicalexpressio00epst|url-access=limited|first=James A. |last=Epstein |publisher=]|year= 1994|page=|isbn=978-0-19-506550-3}}</ref>


In the late-18th century, a natural ] spring was discovered in the locality, and by the-early 19th century the village gained a reputation for these "fashionable" ].<ref name="Visit"/> In the early-19th century, water from Lees Spa, had become fashionable to drink, so much so, that it was bottled and sold around the country. In the month of August 1821, 60,000 people visited Lees Spa.<ref name="Visit"/> Ambitions to develop Lees into a ] - "Lancashire's very own ]"<ref name="Visit"/> - were thwarted by an unplanned process of urbanisation caused by introduction and profitability of ].<ref name="Spin"/><ref name="Visit"/> The ] brought ] to Lees in the form of eleven ], which by the late-19th century, had changed the character of the village completely.<ref name="Spin"/> In the late-18th century, a natural ] spring was discovered in the locality, and by the-early 19th century the village gained a reputation for these "fashionable" ].<ref name="Visit"/> In the early 19th century, water from Lees Spa, had become fashionable to drink, so much so, that it was bottled and sold around the country. In the month of August 1821, 60,000 people visited Lees Spa.<ref name="Visit"/> Ambitions to develop Lees into a ] – "Lancashire's very own ]"<ref name="Visit"/> – were thwarted by an unplanned process of urbanisation caused by introduction and profitability of ].<ref name="Spin"/><ref name="Visit"/> The ] brought ] to Lees in the form of eleven ], which by the late-19th century, had changed the character of the village completely.<ref name="Spin"/>


Lees has grown in size recently in terms of both amenities and residential population, in its role as a commuter village for people working in Oldham and ]. It is home to commercial and distribution companies. The main street is notable for the number of ]s in close proximity. Lees has grown in size in terms of both amenities and residential population, in its role as a commuter village for people working in Oldham and ]. It is home to commercial and distribution companies. The main street is notable for the number of ]s in close proximity.

==Religion==
]
The parish church of St Thomas the Apostle, in West Street, Leesfield, lies in the ], the Deanery of Oldham East and the benefice of Leesfield, St Thomas. The Priest in Charge is Revd Edith Disley, assisted by Revd Ruth Farrar.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130224020816/http://www.manchester.anglican.org/churches/parish-list?search=leesfield |date=24 February 2013 }}</ref> It was founded in 1846.<ref></ref>

The church has a ] and hosts meetings of the ], Rainbows, Brownies, Guides, Beavers and Scouts. It has an active group of ].<ref></ref> The church can hold 600 people. Four ] windows are by the ] artist, ].<ref></ref>

The ] church is St Edward's, on Spring Lane. The parish priest is Father Callum Brown and he is assisted by Pastor Emiratus Father John Marsland, who celebrated 50 years since his ordination in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saintedwards.co.uk/ |title=Home |website=saintedwards.co.uk}}</ref> The parish was founded on 1 April 1872.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.saintedwards.co.uk/history.htm|title = St Edward's History}}</ref>

The parish also has a Christian Brethren Congregation and a Zion Methodist Chapel.


==Governance== ==Governance==
Lees (or Hey) was within the Knott Lanes division of the ] and ] of ], and ]. In 1859 a ] (at first known as Lees-with-Crossbank, subsequently as Lees) was established for the Lees area. This area was in the Ashton under Lyne ].<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/> Lees (or Hey) was within the Knott Lanes division of the parish and ] of ], and ]. In 1859 a ] (at first known as Lees-with-Crossbank, subsequently as Lees) was established for the Lees area. This area was in the Ashton-under-Lyne ].<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/>


Between 1894 and 1974, Lees constituted the ], in the ] of ]; the Local Board became the Lees Urban District Council.<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/> As the district was situated entirely between the ] and the West Riding of Yorkshire, it constituted an exclave of the administrative county of Lancashire. In 1911 part of the Urban District was added to the ] of ], but in 1914 Crossbank was absorbed into the Lees Urban District.<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/> Between 1894 and 1974, Lees constituted the ], in the ] of ]; the Local Board became the Lees Urban District Council.<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/> As the district was situated entirely between the ] and the ], it constituted an exclave of the administrative county of ]. In 1911 part of the urban district was added to the ] of ], but in 1914 Crossbank was absorbed into the Lees Urban District.<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/>


In 1974 the Lees Urban District was amagamated with six other local government districts, to from the newly created ] within the ] of ].<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/> In 1974 the Lees Urban District was amalgamated with six other local government districts, to form the newly created ] within the ] of ].<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/>


The Saddleworth & Lees area committee meets regularly to discuss the progress of the villages. The Saddleworth & Lees area committee meets regularly to discuss the progress of the villages.
Line 49: Line 62:
|Northwest = ] |Northwest = ]
|North = ] |North = ]
|Northeast = ] |Northeast = ]
|West = Clarksfield |West = Clarksfield
|Centre = Lees |Centre = Lees
|East = ] |East = ]
|Southwest = ] |Southwest = ]
|South = ] |South = ]
|Southeast = ] |Southeast = ]
}} }}


The village consists of a small cluster of shops and businesses on either side of the A669 Lees Road, surrounded by some ]s and some small estates. Lees is separated from the main conurbation of Oldham by a small amount of ] land in the valley of Leesbrook, on either bank of the ]. The village consists of a small cluster of shops and businesses on either side of the ] Lees High Street, surrounded by some ]s, cottages and some small estates. Lees is separated from the main conurbation of Oldham by a small amount of ] land in the valley of Leesbrook, on either bank of the ].


A part of Lees is known locally as County End; ] in ] forms a contiguous urban area with Lees, though the border between the two forms part of the ] between ] and the ]. ] is an area of Lees. A part of Lees is known locally as County End; ] in ] forms a contiguous urban area with Lees, though the border between the two forms part of the ] between ] and the ]. ] is an area of Lees.


==Transport== ==Transport==
Lees is accessed on the roads on the A669 from Saddleworth and Oldham. Along this road, there are frequent buses running towards Oldham and Manchester on ]'s 180 and 184 services. Other destinations which can be reached from Lees on the bus are Huddersfield, Hyde, Middleton, Mossley, Saddleworth and Stalybridge. Lees is accessed on the roads on the A669 from Saddleworth and Oldham. Along this road, there are buses running towards Oldham and ] on ]'s 84, 180 and 184 services. Other destinations which can be reached from Lees on the bus are ], ], ], ], Saddleworth and ].


There is also no train station. ] closed in 1955, followed by the complete closure of the line in 1964.<ref>An Illustrated History of Oldham's Railways by John Hooper (ISBN 1-871608-19-8)</ref> ] closed in 1955, followed by the complete closure of the line in 1964.<ref>An Illustrated History of Oldham's Railways by John Hooper ({{ISBN|1-871608-19-8}})</ref> There was also a small engine shed east of the station.


==Notable people== ==Notable people==
{{See also|List of people from Oldham}} {{See also|List of people from Oldham}}
Notable people associated with Lees include ]-born ], one of the first ]s to be imprisoned worked at Lees's Leesbrook Mill.<ref name="Spin"/> Annie's younger, Lees-born sister Jessie Kenney was also a campaigner for ]. By the age of 21 Jessie was the ]'s youngest organiser.<ref>{{cite book|title=Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928 |date= 1999|publisher= Routledge|last= Crawford|first=Elizabeth|isbn=978-1841420318|pages=319–320}}</ref> ], one of the original translators of the ] of the ] was a native of Lees. ] MP lives in the locality.<ref>{{Citation | last =Woolas, P.|title=Letters to the editor; Woolas lives locally|newspaper=]|pages=6|year=2007|date=]}}</ref> Notable people associated with Lees include ]-born ], one of the first ]s to be imprisoned worked at Lees's Leesbrook Mill.<ref name="Spin"/> Annie's younger, Lees-born sister Jessie Kenney was also a campaigner for ]. By the age of 21 Jessie was the ]'s youngest organiser.<ref>{{cite book|title=Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866–1928 |year= 1999|publisher= Routledge|last= Crawford|first=Elizabeth|isbn=978-1-84142-031-8|pages=319–320}}</ref> ], one of the original translators of the ] of the Bible was a native of Lees. Disgraced former MP ] lives in the locality.<ref>{{Cite news | last =Woolas, P.|title=Letters to the editor; Woolas lives locally|newspaper=]|page=6|date=27 July 2007 }}</ref>

⚫ The artist ] was born in Lees in 1900.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.helenbradley.co.uk/originals/index.htm|title=Originals: Helen Bradley|author=Whittle, Stephen|access-date=26 June 2008|publisher=helenbradley.co.uk}}</ref>

==See also==
⚫ {{portal|Greater Manchester}}
*]


==Gallery==
⚫ ] was born in Lees in 1900.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.helenbradley.co.uk/originals/index.htm|title=Originals: Helen Bradley|author=Whittle, Stephen|date=|accessdate=2008-06-26|publisher=helenbradley.co.uk}}</ref>
] ] ]
]
]
]
]


==References== ==References==
{{reflist|1}} {{Reflist|1}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{Commons category|Lees, Greater Manchester}}
⚫ *, A brief history of Lees.
*, Lees Community Association.
⚫ *, A brief history of Lees.
*


{{Greater Manchester}} {{Greater Manchester}}


{{Authority control}}
⚫ ]
⚫ ]


]
]
]
]
⚫ ]

Latest revision as of 22:15, 6 November 2024

Town in Greater Manchester, England

Human settlement in England
Lees
Lees village centre
Lees is located in Greater ManchesterLeesLeesLocation within Greater Manchester
Population4,500 (2011 Census)
OS grid referenceSD955045
Metropolitan borough
Metropolitan county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townOLDHAM
Postcode districtOL4
Dialling code0161
PoliceGreater Manchester
FireGreater Manchester
AmbulanceNorth West
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Greater Manchester
53°32′17″N 2°04′08″W / 53.538°N 2.069°W / 53.538; -2.069

Lees is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England, amongst the Pennines east of the River Medlock, 1.8 miles (2.9 km) east of Oldham, and 8.2 miles (13.2 km) northeast of Manchester.

In the 14th century, when John de Leghes was a retainer of the local Lord of the Manor, Lees was a conglomeration of hamlets, ecclesiastically linked with the township of Ashton-under-Lyne. Farming was the main industry of this rural area, with locals supplementing their incomes by hand-loom weaving in the domestic system. At the beginning of the 19th century, Lees had obtained a reputation for its mineral springs; ambitions to develop a spa town were thwarted by an unplanned process of urbanisation caused by the rise of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution.

Lees expanded into a mill town in the late-19th century, on the back of neighbouring Oldham's boom in cotton spinning. Lees Urban District had eleven cotton mills at its manufacturing zenith.

History

The Industrial Revolution brought cotton spinning to Lees in the form of eleven textile mills, changing the character of the village completely.

The settlement dates back to the 14th century and is thought to have been named after former retainer of the manor, John de Leghes.

Lees was one of the localities which, on 16 August 1819, sent a contingent of parishioners to the mass public demonstration at Manchester, now known as the Peterloo massacre. In the week before Peterloo (an assembly demanding the reform of parliamentary representation), weavers in Lees had paraded through the village with a large black flag adorned with the slogans "no Borough Mongering, Taxation Without Representation is Unject and Tyrannical," and "Unite and be Free, Equal Representation or Death". The growing unrest in the village prompted one alarmed inhabitant to write to the Home Office.

In the late-18th century, a natural chalybeate spring was discovered in the locality, and by the-early 19th century the village gained a reputation for these "fashionable" mineral springs. In the early 19th century, water from Lees Spa, had become fashionable to drink, so much so, that it was bottled and sold around the country. In the month of August 1821, 60,000 people visited Lees Spa. Ambitions to develop Lees into a spa town – "Lancashire's very own Harrogate" – were thwarted by an unplanned process of urbanisation caused by introduction and profitability of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution brought cotton spinning to Lees in the form of eleven mills, which by the late-19th century, had changed the character of the village completely.

Lees has grown in size in terms of both amenities and residential population, in its role as a commuter village for people working in Oldham and West Yorkshire. It is home to commercial and distribution companies. The main street is notable for the number of public houses in close proximity.

Religion

St Thomas the Apostle church

The parish church of St Thomas the Apostle, in West Street, Leesfield, lies in the Archdeaconry of Rochdale, the Deanery of Oldham East and the benefice of Leesfield, St Thomas. The Priest in Charge is Revd Edith Disley, assisted by Revd Ruth Farrar. It was founded in 1846.

The church has a Sunday School and hosts meetings of the Mothers Union, Rainbows, Brownies, Guides, Beavers and Scouts. It has an active group of bell ringers. The church can hold 600 people. Four stained glass windows are by the Belgian artist, Jean-Baptiste Capronnier.

The Roman Catholic church is St Edward's, on Spring Lane. The parish priest is Father Callum Brown and he is assisted by Pastor Emiratus Father John Marsland, who celebrated 50 years since his ordination in 2022. The parish was founded on 1 April 1872.

The parish also has a Christian Brethren Congregation and a Zion Methodist Chapel.

Governance

Lees (or Hey) was within the Knott Lanes division of the parish and township of Ashton-under-Lyne, and hundred of Salford. In 1859 a Local Board of Health (at first known as Lees-with-Crossbank, subsequently as Lees) was established for the Lees area. This area was in the Ashton-under-Lyne poor law union.

Between 1894 and 1974, Lees constituted the Lees Urban District, in the administrative county of Lancashire; the Local Board became the Lees Urban District Council. As the district was situated entirely between the County Borough of Oldham and the West Riding of Yorkshire, it constituted an exclave of the administrative county of Lancashire. In 1911 part of the urban district was added to the civil parish of Crossbank, but in 1914 Crossbank was absorbed into the Lees Urban District.

In 1974 the Lees Urban District was amalgamated with six other local government districts, to form the newly created Metropolitan Borough of Oldham within the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester.

The Saddleworth & Lees area committee meets regularly to discuss the progress of the villages.

Geography

Neighbouring towns, villages and places.
Greenacres Waterhead Austerlands
Clarksfield Lees Springhead
Alt Holts Village Grotton

The village consists of a small cluster of shops and businesses on either side of the A669 Lees High Street, surrounded by some terraced houses, cottages and some small estates. Lees is separated from the main conurbation of Oldham by a small amount of green belt land in the valley of Leesbrook, on either bank of the River Medlock.

A part of Lees is known locally as County End; Springhead in Saddleworth forms a contiguous urban area with Lees, though the border between the two forms part of the ancient county boundary between Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire. Crossbank is an area of Lees.

Transport

Lees is accessed on the roads on the A669 from Saddleworth and Oldham. Along this road, there are buses running towards Oldham and Manchester on First Greater Manchester's 84, 180 and 184 services. Other destinations which can be reached from Lees on the bus are Huddersfield, Hyde, Middleton, Mossley, Saddleworth and Stalybridge.

Lees railway station closed in 1955, followed by the complete closure of the line in 1964. There was also a small engine shed east of the station.

Notable people

See also: List of people from Oldham

Notable people associated with Lees include Springhead-born Annie Kenney, one of the first suffragettes to be imprisoned worked at Lees's Leesbrook Mill. Annie's younger, Lees-born sister Jessie Kenney was also a campaigner for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom. By the age of 21 Jessie was the Women's Social and Political Union's youngest organiser. Laurence Chaderton, one of the original translators of the Authorized King James Version of the Bible was a native of Lees. Disgraced former MP Phil Woolas lives in the locality.

The artist Helen Bradley was born in Lees in 1900.

See also

Gallery

The Grapes Pub, built in 1741.
Poppy on a lamppost on Lees High Street
Lamppost with a poppy on the High Street
Christmas tree in Lees square
Christmas tree in Lees square
Lees high street facing towards the legends pub
The Red Lion Lees at Christmas

References

  1. ^ "Greater Manchester Gazetteer". Greater Manchester County Record Office. Places names – I-L. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2008.
  2. ^ Manchester City Council. "Oldham Towns; Lees". spinningtheweb.org.uk. Archived from the original on 14 March 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2007.
  3. ^ "The Oldham Boroughs: Lees". visitoldham.co.uk. Archived from the original on 23 May 2008. Retrieved 25 June 2008.
  4. Marlow, Joyce (1969). The Peterloo Massacre. Rapp & Whiting. p. 118. ISBN 0-85391-122-3.
  5. Epstein, James A. (1994). Radical Expression: Political Language, Ritual, and Symbol in England, 1790–1850. Oxford University Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-19-506550-3.
  6. Church of England Church List for Lees, at anchester.anglican.org Archived 24 February 2013 at archive.today
  7. "St Thomas the Apostle, Leesfield – Church of England" at genuki.org.uk
  8. "St Thomas Leesfield Church" at leesfieldparish.blogspot.co.uk
  9. "History of the Churches" at leesfieldparish.blogspot.co.uk
  10. "Home". saintedwards.co.uk.
  11. "St Edward's History".
  12. An Illustrated History of Oldham's Railways by John Hooper (ISBN 1-871608-19-8)
  13. Crawford, Elizabeth (1999). Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866–1928. Routledge. pp. 319–320. ISBN 978-1-84142-031-8.
  14. Woolas, P. (27 July 2007). "Letters to the editor; Woolas lives locally". Oldham Evening Chronicle. p. 6.
  15. Whittle, Stephen. "Originals: Helen Bradley". helenbradley.co.uk. Retrieved 26 June 2008.

External links

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