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{{Short description|Religious conversion to facilitate marriage}}
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{{conversion}} {{conversion}}
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'''Marital conversion''' refers to the concept of ] upon ], either as a conciliatory act, or a mandated requirement according to a particular religious belief. ] religious cultures may have certain opposition to ] and ], and may assert ] against the conversion ("marrying out") of one their own claimed adherents. Conversely, they may require the marital conversion of those who wish to marry one of their adherents. '''Marital conversion''' is ] upon ], either as a conciliatory act, or a mandated requirement according to a particular religious belief.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=42KuAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Marital+conversion%22+-wikipedia|title=Perfect Wives, Other Women: Adultery and Inquisition in Early Modern Spain|last=Black|first=Georgina Dopico|date=2001-02-13|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=9780822326502|language=en}}</ref> ] religious cultures may have certain opposition to ] and ], and may assert ] against the conversion ("marrying out") of one their own claimed adherents. Conversely, they may require the marital conversion of those who wish to marry one of their adherents.


==Islam == ==Christianity==
===Catholicism===
⚫ {{main|Islamic marital jurisprudence|Islam regarding intentions to marry}}
{{update|section|date=October 2018}}
Islam frowns upon marriages between Muslim men and non-Muslim women, with a provision allowing the marriage of a Muslim man to a Jewish or Christian woman (]). This is provided that the children from that marriage be raised as "believers," a common Islamic term for Muslims. The Qur'anic verses generally quoted are: <ref> ], http://islam.about.com/blinterfaith.htm </ref>
{{Main|Marriage in the Catholic Church#Marriage with a non-Catholic Christian}}
:{{cquote|"Do not marry unbelieving women until they believe. A slave woman who believes is better than an unbelieving woman, even though she allures you.... Unbelievers beckon you to the Fire. But Allah beckons by His Grace to the garden of bliss and forgiveness. And He makes His signs clear to mankind, that they may receive admonition" (Qur'an 2:221).}}
⚫ Historically, in the case of the ], Catholics were obligated to marry only other Catholics (including those of the ]), and marital conversion of the non-Catholic party was considered almost obligatory. However, it was permissible for a Catholic to marry an ]/] (who is not in communion with Rome) or non-Catholic baptized in a manner recognized by the Catholic Church as valid (i.e., mainline Christians such as ]s or ]s, and ]), but a dispensation had to be granted by a bishop and the non-Catholic party had to agree to raise the children as Catholics. Marriage to unbaptized persons, meaning all non-Christians and members of some Christian denominations (such as ]s or ]), was forbidden. ] can be the only alternative if a religious wedding is not possible under these circumstances.
On marriage to Jews and Christians ("]"):
:{{cquote|"This day are all things good and pure made lawful to you.... Lawful to you in marriage are not only chaste women who are believers, but chaste women among the People of the Book, revealed before your time, when you give them their due dowers, and desire chastity not lewdness. If any one rejects faith, fruitless is his work, and in the Hereafter he will be in the ranks of those who have lost" (Qur'an 5:5).}}


===Iglesia ni Cristo===
Muslim women are expressly ] to marry a non-Muslim man, and conversion to another religion, considered to be ], is, according to ] punishable by ]:
The ], a ] church that is the largest indigenous Christian denomination in the ], requires non-adherents marrying members to convert to the religion prior to the wedding. Conversely, members found to have married outside of the religion are automatically expelled from the church. A church wedding is required after the civil one.
{{cquote|"Nor marry your girls to unbelievers until they believe. A man slave who believes is better than an unbeliever...." (Qur'an 2:221)}}


==Hinduism==
Although marriage to Jews and Christians was permissible, the second caliph discouraged it completely and as a result is frowned upon because of the authority of Umar in Islam.
Hinduism has allowances for such practice even if Hinduism considers all religions are a way to God, but there can be political differences and so marital conversion is sometimes discouraged. Throughout Hindu history, interreligious marriages have also been a way for keeping the peace and building alliances.


==Judaism == ==Islam==
⚫ {{Main|Islamic marital jurisprudence}}
⚫ {{main|Interfaith_marriage#Judaism|Conversion to Judaism|Jewish assimilation|Apostasy in Judaism}}
{{See also|Love Jihad}}
In general, Islam allows for marriage between a man and woman as "believers". Culturally, it is accepted that marriage between a follower of Islam (Muslim) and a Christian or Jew does not require conversion. Traditionally, however, marriages between Muslims and a follower of Hinduism or other polytheistic religions requires conversion to Islam. Although, there are no official conversion rules, similar to ] for marriage, Islamic marriage laws are generally guided by traditional interpretations. The only requirement in marriage and conversion is that the children from that marriage be raised as "believers," a common Islamic term for Muslims.
The Qur'anic verses generally quoted are:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://quran.com/|title=The Noble Quran|website=Quran.com}}</ref>
:{{cquote|"And do not marry polytheistic women until they believe. And a believing slave woman is better than a polytheist,<ref>]</ref> even though she might please you. And do not marry polytheistic men until they believe. And a believing slave is better than a polytheist, even though he might please you. Those invite to the Fire, but Allah invites to Heaven and to forgiveness, by His permission. And He makes clear His verses to the people that perhaps they may remember." (Qur'an 2:221).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://irebd.com/quran/english/surah-2/verse-221/|title=Quran Surah Al-Baqara ( Verse 221 )' |publisher=IReBD.com - Islamic Religious Education |date= |accessdate=2018-01-25}}</ref>}}


:{{cquote|"This day good foods have been made lawful, and the food of those who were given the Scripture is lawful for you and your food is lawful for them. And chaste (virgin, innocent, clean) women from among the believers and chaste women from among those who were given the Scripture before you, when you have given them their due compensation, desiring chastity, not unlawful sexual intercourse or taking lovers. And whoever denies the faith - his work has become worthless, and he, in the Hereafter, will be among the losers." (Qur'an 5:5).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://irebd.com/quran/english/surah-5/verse-5/|title=Quran Surah Al-Maaida ( Verse 5 )' |publisher=IReBD.com - Islamic Religious Education |date= |accessdate=2018-01-25}}</ref>}}
⚫ Jewish views on religious conversion due to intermarriage are largely in opposition to such marriage, even if such marriages are ]. If a non-Jew wishes to become a Jew &mdash;in the sense that they practice Judaism and thus are accepted as ] &mdash; they are, depending on the Jewish religious tradition, typically welcome. On the other hand, if a Jew desires to leave Judaism, they are regarded as ], or "]" into a ] religion or culture. Non-Jewish cultures, tend to be regarded and portrayed as negative; being ], or rejecting of ] (as ]).


==Judaism==
⚫ Some Jewish leaders have called Jewish intermarriage a "]," particularly in 20th-21st century ] where as many as 47% of American Jews have intermarried with non-Jews in past two decades. Such ] and ] is said to represent a slow destruction of the Jewish people. Others have expressed a different view, accepting or tolerating such marriages, instead focusing their attention towards the concept that the children of a Jewish parent be raised Jewish, with some sense of their identity rooted in Judaism and in Jewish culture.
⚫ {{Main|Interfaith marriage in Judaism|Conversion to Judaism|Jewish assimilation|Apostasy in Judaism}}


⚫ Jewish views on religious conversion due to intermarriage are largely in opposition to such marriage even if such marriages are ]. If a non-Jew wishes to become a Jew, in the sense that they practice Judaism and thus are accepted as ], they are, depending on the Jewish religious tradition, typically welcome. On the other hand, if a Jew desires to leave Judaism, they are regarded as ] or "]" into a ] religion or culture. Non-Jewish cultures, tend to be regarded and portrayed as negative; being ], or rejecting of ] (as ]).
==Christianity ==
⚫ Historically, in the case of the ], Catholics were obligated to marry only other Catholics, and marital conversion of the non-Catholic party was considered almost obligatory. However, it was permissible for a Catholic to marry a non-Catholic baptized in a manner recognized by the Catholic Church as valid (i.e., mainline Protestants such as ]s or ]s, and ]), but a dispensation had to be granted by a bishop and the non-Catholic party had to agree to raise the children as Catholics. Marriage to unbaptized persons, meaning all non-Christians and members of some Christian denominations (such as ]s or ]s), was forbidden. In recent decades, these rules have been relaxed and are not typically observed by most Catholics.


⚫ Some Jewish leaders have controversially referred to Jewish intermarriage as being a "]," particularly in 20th-21st century ] where as many as 47% of American Jews have intermarried with non-Jews in past two decades.{{when|date=May 2021}} Such ] and ] is said to represent a slow destruction of the Jewish people. Others have expressed a different view, accepting or tolerating such marriages, instead focusing their attention towards the concept that the children of a Jewish parent be raised Jewish, with some sense of their identity rooted in Judaism and in Jewish culture. However, some children of a Jewish parent were raised in the non-Jewish parent's religion while maintaining a sense of Jewish ethnicity and identity.
⚫ == References ==

==See also==
*]
*]
*]

⚫ ==References==
<references/> <references/>

==External links ==


] ]
] ]
]


{{marriage-stub}}

Latest revision as of 15:23, 17 October 2024

Religious conversion to facilitate marriage
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Marital conversion is religious conversion upon marriage, either as a conciliatory act, or a mandated requirement according to a particular religious belief. Endogamous religious cultures may have certain opposition to interfaith marriage and ethnic assimilation, and may assert prohibitions against the conversion ("marrying out") of one their own claimed adherents. Conversely, they may require the marital conversion of those who wish to marry one of their adherents.

Christianity

Catholicism

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (October 2018)
Main article: Marriage in the Catholic Church § Marriage with a non-Catholic Christian

Historically, in the case of the Catholic Church, Catholics were obligated to marry only other Catholics (including those of the Eastern Rite), and marital conversion of the non-Catholic party was considered almost obligatory. However, it was permissible for a Catholic to marry an Independent/Old Catholic (who is not in communion with Rome) or non-Catholic baptized in a manner recognized by the Catholic Church as valid (i.e., mainline Christians such as Episcopalians or Lutherans, and Eastern Orthodox), but a dispensation had to be granted by a bishop and the non-Catholic party had to agree to raise the children as Catholics. Marriage to unbaptized persons, meaning all non-Christians and members of some Christian denominations (such as Unitarians or Mormons), was forbidden. Civil marriage can be the only alternative if a religious wedding is not possible under these circumstances.

Iglesia ni Cristo

The Iglesia ni Cristo, a non-trinitarian church that is the largest indigenous Christian denomination in the Philippines, requires non-adherents marrying members to convert to the religion prior to the wedding. Conversely, members found to have married outside of the religion are automatically expelled from the church. A church wedding is required after the civil one.

Hinduism

Hinduism has allowances for such practice even if Hinduism considers all religions are a way to God, but there can be political differences and so marital conversion is sometimes discouraged. Throughout Hindu history, interreligious marriages have also been a way for keeping the peace and building alliances.

Islam

Main article: Islamic marital jurisprudence See also: Love Jihad

In general, Islam allows for marriage between a man and woman as "believers". Culturally, it is accepted that marriage between a follower of Islam (Muslim) and a Christian or Jew does not require conversion. Traditionally, however, marriages between Muslims and a follower of Hinduism or other polytheistic religions requires conversion to Islam. Although, there are no official conversion rules, similar to Jewish laws for marriage, Islamic marriage laws are generally guided by traditional interpretations. The only requirement in marriage and conversion is that the children from that marriage be raised as "believers," a common Islamic term for Muslims. The Qur'anic verses generally quoted are:

"And do not marry polytheistic women until they believe. And a believing slave woman is better than a polytheist, even though she might please you. And do not marry polytheistic men until they believe. And a believing slave is better than a polytheist, even though he might please you. Those invite to the Fire, but Allah invites to Heaven and to forgiveness, by His permission. And He makes clear His verses to the people that perhaps they may remember." (Qur'an 2:221).

"This day good foods have been made lawful, and the food of those who were given the Scripture is lawful for you and your food is lawful for them. And chaste (virgin, innocent, clean) women from among the believers and chaste women from among those who were given the Scripture before you, when you have given them their due compensation, desiring chastity, not unlawful sexual intercourse or taking lovers. And whoever denies the faith - his work has become worthless, and he, in the Hereafter, will be among the losers." (Qur'an 5:5).

Judaism

Main articles: Interfaith marriage in Judaism, Conversion to Judaism, Jewish assimilation, and Apostasy in Judaism

Jewish views on religious conversion due to intermarriage are largely in opposition to such marriage even if such marriages are tolerated. If a non-Jew wishes to become a Jew, in the sense that they practice Judaism and thus are accepted as a Jew, they are, depending on the Jewish religious tradition, typically welcome. On the other hand, if a Jew desires to leave Judaism, they are regarded as apostates or "assimilators" into a non-Jewish religion or culture. Non-Jewish cultures, tend to be regarded and portrayed as negative; being idolatrous, or rejecting of God (as Jews conceive God).

Some Jewish leaders have controversially referred to Jewish intermarriage as being a "Silent Holocaust," particularly in 20th-21st century America where as many as 47% of American Jews have intermarried with non-Jews in past two decades. Such cultural and religious assimilation is said to represent a slow destruction of the Jewish people. Others have expressed a different view, accepting or tolerating such marriages, instead focusing their attention towards the concept that the children of a Jewish parent be raised Jewish, with some sense of their identity rooted in Judaism and in Jewish culture. However, some children of a Jewish parent were raised in the non-Jewish parent's religion while maintaining a sense of Jewish ethnicity and identity.

See also

References

  1. Black, Georgina Dopico (2001-02-13). Perfect Wives, Other Women: Adultery and Inquisition in Early Modern Spain. Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822326502.
  2. "The Noble Quran". Quran.com.
  3. Polytheism
  4. "Quran Surah Al-Baqara ( Verse 221 )'". IReBD.com - Islamic Religious Education. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
  5. "Quran Surah Al-Maaida ( Verse 5 )'". IReBD.com - Islamic Religious Education. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
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