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{{Good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox Simpsons episode {{Infobox Simpsons episode
| image =
| episode_name = Das Bus
| episode_no = 192 | caption =
| prod_code = 5F11 | season = 9
| episode = 15
| image_caption= ] explaining to the rest of the kids they are in violation of the model ].
| airdate = February 15, 1998 | director = ]
| show runner = ] | writer = ]
| production = 5F11
| writer = ]
| director = ] | airdate = {{Start date|1998|02|15}}
| guests = * ] as ]
⚫ | blackboard =
* ] as the narrator
⚫ | couch_gag = The family is portrayed as frogs (Maggie is a tadpole), on a lily pad.<ref name=bbc/>
* ] as the Chinese fisherman
|guest_star=] as the narrator <br />] as Troy McClure<ref name="Book">{{cite book | last = Gimple | first = Scott M. | title = ] | publisher = ]| date = 1999 | month=December | isbn = 978-0060987633}}</ref>
⚫ | blackboard =
|image=]
⚫ | couch_gag = The family is portrayed as frogs (with ] as a ]) on a lily pad.<ref name=bbc/>
| commentary=]<br>Mike Scully<br>]<br>David S. Cohen<br>] | commentary = ]<br>Mike Scully<br>]<br>David X. Cohen<br>Pete Michels
|season=9
| prev = ]
| next = ]
}} }}
⚫ "'''Das Bus'''" is the fourteenth episode of the ] of the American animated television series '']''. It originally aired on ] in the United States on February 15, 1998. In an extended parody of '']'', ], ], and other students from ] are stranded on an island and are forced to work together. Meanwhile, ] founds his own Internet company. It was written by ] and directed by ]. Guest star ] narrates the final scene of the episode.<ref name=bbc/>


⚫ ==Plot==
⚫ "'''Das Bus'''" is the fourteenth episode of '']''<nowiki>'</nowiki> ] and originally aired on the ] network on February 15, 1998.<ref name="officialsite">{{cite web|url=http://www.thesimpsons.com/episode_guide/0914.htm|title=Das Bus|accessdate=2007-12-28|publisher=The Simpsons.com}}</ref> Bart, Lisa and other children from ] are stranded on an island and are forced to work together. Meanwhile, Homer founds his own Internet company. It was written by ] and directed by ]. Guest star ] narrates the final scene of the episode.<ref name=bbc/>


⚫ The ] ] club is going on a field trip. On the bus, ], ], ], and ] play a game by racing fruit down the aisle, which ends with Milhouse rolling a ] that gets stuck under the bus's brake pedal. When ] tries to press down on the pedal, it squirts juice into his eyes, causing him to lose control and drive the bus off a bridge into a large body of water. While swimming for help, Otto gets swept away by the current and picked up by foreign fishermen, who plan to use him for ] below the deck of their ship.
⚫ == Plot ==
⚫ The ] ] club is going on a field trip. On the bus, ], ], and ] are playing a game by rolling fruit to the front. Milhouse rolls a ] that gets stuck under the brakes. When bus driver ] attempts to press down on the pedal, it squishes the fruit, and juice squirts into his eyes, causing him to lose control and crash the bus off a bridge into the water.


Otto leaves the kids behind in an attempt to get help but ends up being washed away by the current. It is later revealed Otto is picked up by a Chinese fishing boat. The students, however, swim to a nearby tropical island. Bart tries to tell the kids that being stranded on an island is just like TV where life is easy and ]s are plentiful, comparing it to '']'', only with more cursing. Reality soon sets in when the island is largely barren and the kids lack survival skills. With no food and no adult supervision, the kids rely on snack food retrieved from the sunken bus by Bart. They awaken the next morning to find the snacks are missing. Suspecting Milhouse because of his pot-belly and nacho cheese breath, the students put him on trial and he blames the loss on a mysterious island "monster". The students swim to a nearby desert island, where everyone falls to accusing each other before Nelson points out that the bus accident was Milhouse's fault. Bart tries to tell everyone that being stranded is fun, and imagines a lavish island lifestyle similar to '']'', but reality sets in when the island is found to be largely barren. With no natural food, no survival skills and no adult supervision, the kids end up relying on a ] of snack food that Bart retrieves from the sunken bus. ] quickly imposes a ] system on the cooler, only for the kids to awake the next morning and find that all the food has been eaten overnight. They accuse Milhouse of eating everything, while Milhouse instead tries to blame a mysterious island "monster". As they prepare to ] him, Lisa reminds them of why they travelled in the first place – the Model UN – and ], with Bart as a judge.


With Milhouse on trial, Nelson has no case for the prosecution other than trying to ] a confession out of him, and the trial ends with Bart begrudgingly acquitting Milhouse due to insufficient evidence. However, the other kids refuse to accept Bart's verdict, and the situation descends into outright ] as Milhouse, Bart and Lisa are chased into a cave. There, the children are spooked by the island's "monster", which turns out to be a ]. On one of the boar's tusks is an empty bag of chips, revealing that it had eaten all the snacks. Lisa realizes that there must be a nearby food source to sustain the boar, and sees it licking ]. Lisa however is the only one who takes to licking the slime herself, with the other kids killing and eating the boar instead. A narration by actor ] recounts that the kids learned to live in peace and ] by "oh, let's say, ]".<ref name=bbc/>
⚫ Back at home, ] discovers that ] has his own home-based ], Flancrest Enterprises. Homer complains to Marge that everyone except the Simpson family are getting rich off the Internet, and he wants a piece of the action, despite knowing nothing about it. He launches his own dot-com company, Compu-Global-Hyper-Mega-Net, which is later ] by ] and his goons, who sweep Homer's possessions off the desk and snap his pencils.


⚫ ], ] discovers that ] has his own home-based ] and decides he wants to start his own company. However, it turns out that Homer has no idea how to run an Internet business, does not provide any goods or services, and does not even own a computer. He is later visited by ] and his goons, who offer to buy out Homer's company but instead destroy his office.
During the mock trial held by the students, there is insufficient evidence to prove Milhouse ate all the food. Because of this Bart, acting as judge, acquits Milhouse at the trial. The other students are not happy with this verdict and attempt to kill Milhouse. ] tries to stop the violence, but gets pushed by Nelson. Bart, angered by this, tells everyone to leave Lisa alone. The other students end up chasing Bart, Lisa, and Milhouse into a cave, where it's revealed that Milhouse's "monster" is actually a wild ]. On one of the boar's tusks is an empty bag of chips. The students apologize to Milhouse. They then kill the boar and eat it (with the exception of Lisa, who adheres to her ] and consumes slime from a rock instead). The episode ends with a narration (provided by ]):

:''So the children learned how to function as a society,
:''and eventually they were rescued by, oh, let's say...].''<ref name=bbc/><ref name="Episode">{{cite video|year=2006|title=Plot synopsis information for the episode "Das Bus"| medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox}}</ref>


==Production== ==Production==
The couch gag was suggested by ]'s niece.<ref name=scully/> The movie '']'' was the inspiration for the bus crashing against the bridge.<ref name=Cohen>{{cite video | people=Cohen, David|year=2006|title=The Simpsons The Complete Ninth Season DVD commentary for "Das Bus"| medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox}}</ref> To get the fisherman's Chinese correct, Cohen called his friend.<ref name=Cohen/> When the ] actors came, the actors felt ] would be more appropriate for the fisherman instead of ], so it was changed. Moe was picked to rescue the kids, because the writers thought it was funny.<ref name=Scully/> A deleted scene had Homer buying anti-stress instruments. He uses them all and gets stressed. According to Mike Scully, this scene was deleted due to the episode being too long.<ref name=scully>{{cite video | people=Scully, Mike|year=2006|title=The Simpsons The Complete Ninth Season DVD commentary for the Deleted Scenes| medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox}}</ref> According to the ] commentary for ''The Simpsons''{{'}}&nbsp;ninth season, the couch gag was suggested by ]'s niece.<ref name=Scully>{{cite video |people=Scully, Mike |date=2006 |title=The Simpsons The Complete Ninth Season DVD commentary for the Deleted Scenes |medium=DVD |publisher=20th Century Fox}}</ref> To make the fishermen's speech as accurate as possible, Cohen called a friend who spoke Mandarin. When the ] actors came, the actors did not feel ] was geographically appropriate, and it was changed to ], which is spoken more in ] coastal regions and would be more appropriate for sailors and fishermen.<ref name=Cohen/> In a deleted scene, Homer furnishes his home office with anti-stress toys, but becomes angry and stressful himself when he tries each of them due to their failure to work or their immediate breakage due to shoddy manufacturing. The producers said the decision to cut that scene was for timing purposes.

⚫ ==Cultural references ==
Most of the episode's plot, namely a group of children trapped on an island and the breakdown of law, order and civility, is a reference to ]'s 1954 novel '']'', including the use of ] as a plot device that saves the children.<ref name="Cohen" /> A main diversion was while the episode showed the kids learning to live in peace, the novel had the boys' "war" broken up when they are rescued by a Navy ship, which, ironically, was in the middle of a war itself. The title comes from the 1981 film '']'', although it would be "{{lang|de|Der Bus}}" in German.<ref name="bbc" />

When the children are squabbling in the classroom, ] restores order by banging his shoe on the desk. Skinner's actions are a reference to the ] by ] leader ] at the ] in 1960.<ref name="Scully" /> The bus plunge off the overpass was inspired by the climax of the 1994 film '']'', although some animators remarked a similar scene happened in the 1989 James Bond film '']'', where a corrupt cop helps to free the Bond villain from custody.<ref name="Cohen">{{cite video |people=Cohen, David |date=2006 |title=The Simpsons The Complete Ninth Season DVD commentary for "Das Bus" |medium=DVD |publisher=20th Century Fox}}</ref>

When the kids are on a manhunt of Lisa, Bart and Milhouse, they use charcoal ash on their faces like war paint, and Ralph Wiggum paints his in a cat style akin to ] of ]. When escaping from the other children, Bart, Lisa and Milhouse have to swing across a gap on a vine; Milhouse goes across first, but refuses to throw the vine back (calling out that "there's no time") in a reference to the opening scene of the 1981 film '']'', where Satipo does the same to ] (but as an act of betrayal).<ref name="ult">{{cite book |title=] |publisher=] |year=2010 |editor=Bates, James W. |editor2=Gimple, Scott M. |editor3=McCann, Jesse L. |editor4=Richmond, Ray |editor5=Seghers, Christine |isbn=978-0-00-738815-8 |edition=1st |page=443}}</ref>

⚫ ==Reception==
In its original broadcast, "Das Bus" finished 17th in ratings for the week of February 9–15, 1998, with a ] of 9.9, equivalent to approximately 9.6 million viewing households. It was the third highest-rated show on the Fox network that week, following '']'' and '']''.<ref>{{cite news |title=CBS wins; olympics disappointing |work=Sun-Sentinel |agency=Associated Press |page=4E |date=February 20, 1998}}</ref> In a 2006 article in '']'', "Das Bus" was highlighted among the six best episodes of ], along with "]", "]", "]", "]", and "]".<ref>{{cite news |last=Clark |first=Mike |title=New on DVD |work=] |publisher=Gannett Co. Inc. |date=2006-12-22 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/2006-12-21-new-on-dvd_x.htm?csp=34 |access-date=2007-10-24}}</ref>


⚫ The authors of the book ''I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide'', Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, called it a "fantastic episode", adding: "Ignore the Internet business side, and wallow in the cleverness of the children trapped on the island. Bart has never been cleverer, Nelson more menacing, and Milhouse more geekish. Great stuff with a delightful ending that is so witty and obvious, that it's annoying you never imagined they'd get away with it."<ref name=bbc>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/simpsons/episodeguide/season9/page14.shtml |title=Das Bus |access-date=2007-12-27 |author1=Martyn, Warren |author2=Wood, Adrian |year=2000 |publisher=BBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070526054803/http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/simpsons/episodeguide/season9/page14.shtml|archive-date=2007-05-26}}</ref>
⚫ == Cultural references ==
Most of the episode about being on the island is a reference to ] 1954 novel '']''.<ref name=Cohen/> When the kids are squabbling in the classroom, ] restores orders by banging his shoe on the desk. Skinner's actions are a reference to the ] by ] leader ] at the ].<ref name=Scully>{{cite video | people=Scully, Mike|year=2006|title=The Simpsons The Complete Ninth Season DVD commentary for "Das Bus"| medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox}}</ref> The title comes from the 1981 film '']'', although it would be "Der Bus" in German.<ref name=bbc/> When the children are complaining about how hungry they are, ] announces that she is so hungry that she could eat at fast food chain ]. The group then respond in shock, remarking how hungry she must be to want to eat there.


⚫ The episode has become study material for sociology courses at ], where it is used to "examine issues of the production and reception of cultural objects, in this case, a satirical cartoon show", and to figure out what it is "trying to tell audiences about aspects primarily of American society, and, to a lesser extent, about other societies". Some questions asked in the courses include: "What aspects of American society are being addressed in the episode? What aspects of them are used to make the points? How is the satire conveyed: through language? Drawing? Music? Is the behavior of each character consistent with his/her character as developed over the years? Can we identify elements of the historical/political context that the writers are satirizing? What is the difference between satire and parody?"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sociology.berkeley.edu/documents/undergrads/syllabi/Soc190_1.pdf |publisher=University of California Berkeley |title=The Simpsons Global Mirror |year=2008 |author=Thomas B. Gold |access-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407081710/http://sociology.berkeley.edu/documents/undergrads/syllabi/Soc190_1.pdf |archive-date=2009-04-07}}</ref>
⚫ == Reception ==
⚫ In a 2006 article in '']'', "Das Bus" was highlighted among the six best episodes of ], along with others including "]," "]," "]," "]," and "]".<ref>{{cite news | last = Clark | first = Mike | coauthors = | title = New on DVD | work = ] | pages = | language = | publisher = Gannett Co. Inc. |date=2006-12-22 | url = http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/2006-12-21-new-on-dvd_x.htm?csp=34 | accessdate = 2007-10-24}}</ref> The authors of the book ''I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide'', Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, called it "A fantastic episode. Ignore the Internet business side, and wallow in the cleverness of the kids trapped on the island. Bart has never been cleverer, Nelson more menacing, and Milhouse more geekish. Great stuff with a delightful ending that is so witty and obvious, that it's annoying you never imagined they'd get away with it."<ref name=bbc>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/simpsons/episodeguide/season9/page14.shtml|title=Das Bus|accessdate=2007-12-27|author=Martyn, Warren; Wood, Adrian |date=2000|publisher=BBC}}</ref>


==Notes==
⚫ The episode has become study material for sociology courses at ], where it is used to "examine issues of the production and reception of cultural objects, in this case, a satirical cartoon show", and to figure out what it is "trying to tell audiences about aspects primarily of American society, and, to a lesser extent, about other societies." Some questions asked in the courses include: "What aspects of American society are being addressed in the episode? What aspects of them are used to make the points? How is the satire conveyed: through language? Drawing? Music? Is the behavior of each character consistent with his/her character as developed over the years? Can we identify elements of the historical/political context that the writers are satirizing? What is the difference between satire and parody?"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sociology.berkeley.edu/documents/undergrads/syllabi/Soc190_1.pdf|publisher=University of California Berkeley|title=The Simpsons Global Mirror |year=2008|author=Thomas B. Gold}}</ref>
{{Notelist}}


== References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}


== External links == ==External links==
{{wikiquote|The_Simpsons#Das_Bus_.5B9.14.5D|"Das Bus"}} {{wikiquote|The_Simpsons#Das_Bus_.5B9.14.5D|"Das Bus"}}
{{portal|The Simpsons}} {{portal|The Simpsons}}
* {{snpp capsule|5F11}} * {{snpp capsule|5F11}}
* {{IMDb episode |id=0701085}}
* at The Simpsons.com
*{{imdb title|id=0701085|title="Das Bus"}}
*, at ]


{{Lord of the Flies}}
⚫ ]
] {{The Simpsons episodes|9}}


⚫ ]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 19:34, 20 December 2024

15th episode of the 9th season of The Simpsons
"Das Bus"
The Simpsons episode
Episode no.Season 9
Episode 15
Directed byPete Michels
Written byDavid X. Cohen
Production code5F11
Original air dateFebruary 15, 1998 (1998-02-15)
Guest appearances
Episode features
Couch gagThe family is portrayed as frogs (with Maggie as a tadpole) on a lily pad.
CommentaryMatt Groening
Mike Scully
George Meyer
David X. Cohen
Pete Michels
Episode chronology
← Previous
"The Joy of Sect" 		Next →
"The Last Temptation of Krust"
The Simpsons season 9
List of episodes

"Das Bus" is the fourteenth episode of the ninth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on February 15, 1998. In an extended parody of Lord of the Flies, Bart, Lisa, and other students from Springfield Elementary School are stranded on an island and are forced to work together. Meanwhile, Homer founds his own Internet company. It was written by David X. Cohen and directed by Pete Michels. Guest star James Earl Jones narrates the final scene of the episode.

Plot

The Springfield Elementary School Model United Nations club is going on a field trip. On the bus, Bart, Nelson, Ralph, and Milhouse play a game by racing fruit down the aisle, which ends with Milhouse rolling a grapefruit that gets stuck under the bus's brake pedal. When Otto tries to press down on the pedal, it squirts juice into his eyes, causing him to lose control and drive the bus off a bridge into a large body of water. While swimming for help, Otto gets swept away by the current and picked up by foreign fishermen, who plan to use him for slave labor below the deck of their ship.

The students swim to a nearby desert island, where everyone falls to accusing each other before Nelson points out that the bus accident was Milhouse's fault. Bart tries to tell everyone that being stranded is fun, and imagines a lavish island lifestyle similar to The Swiss Family Robinson, but reality sets in when the island is found to be largely barren. With no natural food, no survival skills and no adult supervision, the kids end up relying on a cooler of snack food that Bart retrieves from the sunken bus. Lisa quickly imposes a rationing system on the cooler, only for the kids to awake the next morning and find that all the food has been eaten overnight. They accuse Milhouse of eating everything, while Milhouse instead tries to blame a mysterious island "monster". As they prepare to lynch him, Lisa reminds them of why they travelled in the first place – the Model UN – and Milhouse is allowed a trial, with Bart as a judge.

With Milhouse on trial, Nelson has no case for the prosecution other than trying to coerce a confession out of him, and the trial ends with Bart begrudgingly acquitting Milhouse due to insufficient evidence. However, the other kids refuse to accept Bart's verdict, and the situation descends into outright mob rule as Milhouse, Bart and Lisa are chased into a cave. There, the children are spooked by the island's "monster", which turns out to be a wild boar. On one of the boar's tusks is an empty bag of chips, revealing that it had eaten all the snacks. Lisa realizes that there must be a nearby food source to sustain the boar, and sees it licking slime from a nearby rock. Lisa however is the only one who takes to licking the slime herself, with the other kids killing and eating the boar instead. A narration by actor James Earl Jones recounts that the kids learned to live in peace and were rescued soon after by "oh, let's say, Moe".

Back at home, Homer discovers that Ned Flanders has his own home-based Internet business and decides he wants to start his own company. However, it turns out that Homer has no idea how to run an Internet business, does not provide any goods or services, and does not even own a computer. He is later visited by Bill Gates and his goons, who offer to buy out Homer's company but instead destroy his office.

Production

According to the DVD commentary for The Simpsons' ninth season, the couch gag was suggested by Dan Castellaneta's niece. To make the fishermen's speech as accurate as possible, Cohen called a friend who spoke Mandarin. When the Chinese actors came, the actors did not feel Mandarin was geographically appropriate, and it was changed to Cantonese, which is spoken more in China's coastal regions and would be more appropriate for sailors and fishermen. In a deleted scene, Homer furnishes his home office with anti-stress toys, but becomes angry and stressful himself when he tries each of them due to their failure to work or their immediate breakage due to shoddy manufacturing. The producers said the decision to cut that scene was for timing purposes.

Cultural references

Most of the episode's plot, namely a group of children trapped on an island and the breakdown of law, order and civility, is a reference to William Golding's 1954 novel Lord of the Flies, including the use of deus ex machina as a plot device that saves the children. A main diversion was while the episode showed the kids learning to live in peace, the novel had the boys' "war" broken up when they are rescued by a Navy ship, which, ironically, was in the middle of a war itself. The title comes from the 1981 film Das Boot, although it would be "Der Bus" in German.

When the children are squabbling in the classroom, Principal Skinner restores order by banging his shoe on the desk. Skinner's actions are a reference to the shoe-banging incident by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev at the UN in 1960. The bus plunge off the overpass was inspired by the climax of the 1994 film True Lies, although some animators remarked a similar scene happened in the 1989 James Bond film Licence to Kill, where a corrupt cop helps to free the Bond villain from custody.

When the kids are on a manhunt of Lisa, Bart and Milhouse, they use charcoal ash on their faces like war paint, and Ralph Wiggum paints his in a cat style akin to Peter Criss of KISS. When escaping from the other children, Bart, Lisa and Milhouse have to swing across a gap on a vine; Milhouse goes across first, but refuses to throw the vine back (calling out that "there's no time") in a reference to the opening scene of the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark, where Satipo does the same to Indiana Jones (but as an act of betrayal).

Reception

In its original broadcast, "Das Bus" finished 17th in ratings for the week of February 9–15, 1998, with a Nielsen rating of 9.9, equivalent to approximately 9.6 million viewing households. It was the third highest-rated show on the Fox network that week, following The X-Files and King of the Hill. In a 2006 article in USA Today, "Das Bus" was highlighted among the six best episodes of The Simpsons season 9, along with "Trash of the Titans", "The Last Temptation of Krust", "The Cartridge Family", "Dumbbell Indemnity", and "The Joy of Sect".

The authors of the book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, called it a "fantastic episode", adding: "Ignore the Internet business side, and wallow in the cleverness of the children trapped on the island. Bart has never been cleverer, Nelson more menacing, and Milhouse more geekish. Great stuff with a delightful ending that is so witty and obvious, that it's annoying you never imagined they'd get away with it."

The episode has become study material for sociology courses at University of California, Berkeley, where it is used to "examine issues of the production and reception of cultural objects, in this case, a satirical cartoon show", and to figure out what it is "trying to tell audiences about aspects primarily of American society, and, to a lesser extent, about other societies". Some questions asked in the courses include: "What aspects of American society are being addressed in the episode? What aspects of them are used to make the points? How is the satire conveyed: through language? Drawing? Music? Is the behavior of each character consistent with his/her character as developed over the years? Can we identify elements of the historical/political context that the writers are satirizing? What is the difference between satire and parody?"

Notes

References

  1. ^ Martyn, Warren; Wood, Adrian (2000). "Das Bus". BBC. Archived from the original on May 26, 2007. Retrieved December 27, 2007.
  2. ^ Scully, Mike (2006). The Simpsons The Complete Ninth Season DVD commentary for the Deleted Scenes (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
  3. ^ Cohen, David (2006). The Simpsons The Complete Ninth Season DVD commentary for "Das Bus" (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
  4. Bates, James W.; Gimple, Scott M.; McCann, Jesse L.; Richmond, Ray; Seghers, Christine, eds. (2010). Simpsons World The Ultimate Episode Guide: Seasons 1–20 (1st ed.). Harper Collins Publishers. p. 443. ISBN 978-0-00-738815-8.
  5. "CBS wins; olympics disappointing". Sun-Sentinel. Associated Press. February 20, 1998. p. 4E.
  6. Clark, Mike (December 22, 2006). "New on DVD". USA Today. Gannett Co. Inc. Retrieved October 24, 2007.
  7. Thomas B. Gold (2008). "The Simpsons Global Mirror" (PDF). University of California Berkeley. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 7, 2009. Retrieved July 18, 2011.

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