Misplaced Pages

Latest revision as of 00:43, 25 December 2024

Roman Polanski
Polanski in Paris, 2011
Born	Raymond Roman Thierry Liebling (1933-08-18) 18 August 1933 (age 91) Paris, France
Citizenship	Poland France
Education	Łódź Film School, Kraków Academy of Fine Arts
Occupations	Film director producer screenwriter actor
Years active	1953–present
Spouses	Barbara Kwiatkowska-Lass ​ ​(m. 1959; div. 1962)​ Sharon Tate ​ ​(m. 1968; died 1969)​ Emmanuelle Seigner ​(m. 1989)​
Children	2, including Morgane
Conviction(s)	Unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor
Capture status	Fugitive (State of California, US-only)
Signature

Raymond Roman Thierry Polański (né Liebling; born 18 August 1933) is a French and Polish film director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. He is the recipient of numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, two British Academy Film Awards, ten César Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, as well as the Golden Bear and a Palme d'Or.

In 1977, Polanski was arrested for drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl. He pleaded guilty to the lesser charge of unlawful sex with a minor in exchange for a probation-only sentence. The night before his sentencing hearing in 1978, he learned that the judge would likely reject the proffered plea bargain, so he fled the U.S. to Europe, where he continued his career. He remains a fugitive from the U.S. justice system. Further allegations of abuse have been made by other women.

Polanski's Polish Jewish parents moved the family from his birthplace in Paris back to Kraków in 1937. Two years later, the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany started World War II, and the family found themselves trapped in the Kraków Ghetto. After his mother and father were taken in raids, Polanski spent his formative years in foster homes, surviving the Holocaust by adopting a false identity and concealing his Jewish heritage. In 1969, Polanski's pregnant wife, actress Sharon Tate, was murdered, along with four friends by members of the Manson Family in an internationally notorious case.

Polanski's first feature-length film, Knife in the Water (1962), made in Poland, was nominated for the United States Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. After living in France for a few years, he moved to the United Kingdom, where he directed his first three English-language feature-length films: Repulsion (1965), Cul-de-sac (1966), and The Fearless Vampire Killers (1967). In 1968, he moved to the United States and cemented his status in the film industry by directing the horror film Rosemary's Baby (1968). He made Macbeth (1971) in England and Chinatown (1974) back in Hollywood. His other critically acclaimed films include The Tenant (1976), Tess (1979), The Pianist (2002) which won him the Academy Award for Best Director, The Ghost Writer (2010), Venus in Fur (2013), and An Officer and a Spy (2019). Polanski has made 23 feature films to date.

Early life

Roman Polanski was born on 18 August 1933, in interbellum Paris. He was the son of Bula (aka "Bella") Katz-Przedborska and Mojżesz (or Maurycy) Liebling (later Polański), a painter and manufacturer of sculptures, who after World War II was known as Ryszard Polański. Polanski's father was Jewish and originally from Poland. Polanski's mother was born in Russia. Her own father was Jewish and mother was a Gentile, but Bula had been raised in the Catholic faith. She had a daughter, Annette, by her previous husband. Annette survived Auschwitz, where her mother was murdered, and left Poland forever for France. Polanski's parents were both agnostics. Polanski later stated that he was an atheist.

World War II and the Holocaust

The Polański family moved back to Kraków, Poland, in early 1937, and were living there when World War II began with the invasion of Poland. Kraków was soon occupied by the German forces, and the racist and anti-Semitic Nuremberg Laws made the Polańskis targets of persecution, forcing them into the Kraków Ghetto, along with thousands of the city's Jews. Around the age of six, Polanski attended primary school for only a few weeks, until "all the Jewish children were abruptly expelled", writes biographer Christopher Sandford. That initiative was soon followed by the requirement that all Jewish children over the age of twelve wear white armbands, with a blue Star of David imprinted, for visual identification. After he was expelled, Polanski would not be allowed to enter another classroom for six years.

Polanski witnessed both the ghettoization of Kraków's Jews into a compact area of the city, and the subsequent deportation of all the ghetto's Jews to German death camps. He watched as his father was taken away. He remembers from age six, one of his first experiences of the terrors to follow:

I had just been visiting my grandmother ... when I received a foretaste of things to come. At first, I didn't know what was happening. I simply saw people scattering in all directions. Then I realized why the street had emptied so quickly. Some women were being herded along it by German soldiers. Instead of running away like the rest, I felt compelled to watch. One older woman at the rear of the column couldn't keep up. A German officer kept prodding her back into line, but she fell down on all fours ... Suddenly a pistol appeared in the officer's hand. There was a loud bang, and blood came welling out of her back. I ran straight into the nearest building, squeezed into a smelly recess beneath some wooden stairs, and didn't come out for hours. I developed a strange habit: clenching my fists so hard that my palms became permanently calloused. I also woke up one morning to find that I had wet my bed.

Polanski's father was transferred, along with thousands of other Jews, to Mauthausen, a group of 49 German concentration camps in Austria. His mother, who was four months pregnant at the time, was taken to Auschwitz and killed in the gas chamber soon after arriving. The forced exodus took place immediately after the German liquidation of the Warsaw Ghetto, a real-life backdrop to Polanski's film The Pianist (2002). Polanski, who was then hiding from the Germans, saw his father being marched off with a long line of people. Polanski tried getting closer to his father to ask him what was happening and got within a few yards. His father saw him, but afraid his son might be spotted by the German soldiers, whispered (in Polish), "Get lost!"

Polanski escaped the Kraków Ghetto in 1943 and survived with the help of some Polish Roman Catholics, including a woman who had promised Polanski's father that she would shelter the boy. Polanski attended church, learned to recite Catholic prayers by heart, and behaved outwardly as a Roman Catholic, although he was never baptized. His efforts to blend into a Catholic household failed miserably at least once, when the parish priest visiting the family posed questions to him one-on-one about the catechism, and ultimately said, "You aren't one of us". The punishment for helping a Jew in German-occupied Poland was death.

As Polanski roamed the countryside trying to survive in a Poland now occupied by German troops, he witnessed many horrors, such as being "forced to take part in a cruel and sadistic game in which German soldiers took shots at him for target practice". The author Ian Freer concludes that Polanski's constant childhood fears and dread of violence have contributed to the "tangible atmospheres he conjures up on film". By the time the war ended in 1945, a fifth of the Polish population had been killed, the vast majority being civilians. Of those deaths, 3 million were Polish Jews, which accounted for 90% of the country's Jewish population. According to Sandford, Polanski would use the memory of his mother, her dress and makeup style, as a physical model for Faye Dunaway's character in his film Chinatown (1974).

In October 2020, Polanski went back to Poland and paid respects to a Polish couple who helped him hide and escape the Nazis. Stefania and Jan Buchala were recognized by Yad Vashem, Israel's Holocaust memorial, as "Righteous Among the Nations". Polanski recalled Stefania Buchala as being an "extremely noble" and courageous person.

After the war

After the war, Polanski was reunited with his father and moved back to Kraków. His father remarried on 21 December 1946 to Wanda Zajączkowska (whom Polanski had never liked) and died of cancer in 1984. Time repaired the family contacts; Polanski visited them in Kraków, and relatives visited him in Hollywood and Paris. Polanski recalls the villages and families he lived with as relatively primitive by European standards:

They were really simple Catholic peasants. This Polish village was like the English village in Tess. Very primitive. No electricity. The kids with whom I lived didn't know about electricity ... they wouldn't believe me when I told them it was enough to turn on a switch!

Polanski stated that "you must live in a Communist country to really understand how bad it can be. Then you will appreciate capitalism." He also remembered events at the war's end and his reintroduction to mainstream society when he was 12, forming friendships with other children, such as Roma Ligocka, Ryszard Horowitz and his family.

Introduction to movies

Polanski's fascination with cinema began very early when he was around age four or five. He recalls this period in an interview:

Even as a child, I always loved cinema and was thrilled when my parents would take me before the war. Then we were put into the ghetto in Krakòw and there was no cinema, but the Germans often showed newsreels to the people outside the ghetto, on a screen in the market place. And there was one particular corner where you could see the screen through the barbed wire. I remember watching with fascination, although all they were showing was the German army and German tanks, with occasional anti-Jewish slogans inserted on cards.

After the war, Polanski watched films, either at school or at a local cinema, using whatever pocket money he had. Polanski writes, "Most of this went on the movies, but movie seats were dirt cheap, so a little went a long way. I lapped up every kind of film." As time went on, movies became more than an escape into entertainment, as he explains:

Movies were becoming an absolute obsession with me. I was enthralled by everything connected with the cinema—not just the movies themselves but the aura that surrounded them. I loved the luminous rectangle of the screen, the sight of the beam slicing through the darkness from the projection booth, the miraculous synchronization of sound and vision, even the dusty smell of the tip-up seats. More than anything else though, I was fascinated by the actual mechanics of the process.

Polanski was above all influenced by Carol Reed's Odd Man Out (1947) – "I still consider it as one of the best movies I've ever seen and a film which made me want to pursue this career more than anything else ... I always dreamt of doing things of this sort or that style. To a certain extent I must say that I somehow perpetuate the ideas of that movie in what I do."

Early career in Poland

Polanski attended the National Film School in Łódź, the third-largest city in Poland. In the 1950s, Polanski took up acting, appearing in Andrzej Wajda's Pokolenie (A Generation, 1954) and in the same year in Silik Sternfeld's Zaczarowany rower (Enchanted Bicycle or Magical Bicycle). Polanski's directorial debut was also in 1955 with a short film, Rower (Bicycle). Rower is a semi-autobiographical feature film, believed to be lost, which also starred Polanski. It refers to his real-life violent altercation with a notorious Kraków felon, Janusz Dziuba, who arranged to sell Polanski a bicycle, but instead beat him badly and stole his money. In real life, the offender was arrested while fleeing after fracturing Polanski's skull, and executed for three murders, out of eight prior such assaults which he had committed. Several other short films made during his study at Łódź gained him considerable recognition, particularly Two Men and a Wardrobe (1958) and When Angels Fall (1959). He graduated in 1959.

Film director

1962–1976: Breakthrough and stardom

Knife in the Water (1962) Polanski's first feature-length film, Knife in the Water, was also one of the first significant Polish films after the Second World War that did not have a war theme. Scripted by Jerzy Skolimowski, Jakub Goldberg, and Polanski, Knife in the Water is about a wealthy, unhappily married couple who decide to take a mysterious hitchhiker with them on a weekend boating excursion. Knife in the Water was a major commercial success in the West and gave Polanski an international reputation. The film also earned its director his first Academy Award nomination (Best Foreign Language Film) in 1963. Leon Niemczyk, who played Andrzej, was the only professional actor in the film. Jolanta Umecka, who played Krystyna, was discovered by Polanski at a swimming pool.

Polanski left then-communist Poland and moved to France, where he had already made two notable short films in 1961: The Fat and the Lean and Mammals. While in France, Polanski contributed one segment ("La rivière de diamants") to the French-produced omnibus film, Les plus belles escroqueries du monde (English title: The Beautiful Swindlers) in 1964. (He has since had the segment removed from all releases of the film.) However, Polanski found that in the early 1960s, the French film industry was xenophobic and generally unwilling to support a rising filmmaker of foreign origin.

Repulsion (1965) Polanski made three feature films in England, based on original scripts written by himself and Gérard Brach, a frequent collaborator. Repulsion (1965) is a psychological horror film focusing on a young Belgian woman named Carol (Catherine Deneuve).

The film's themes, situations, visual motifs, and effects clearly reflect the influence of early surrealist cinema as well as horror movies of the 1950s—particularly Luis Buñuel's Un chien Andalou, Jean Cocteau's The Blood of a Poet, Henri-Georges Clouzot's Diabolique and Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho.

Cul-de-sac (1966) Cul-de-sac (1966) is a bleak nihilist tragicomedy filmed on location in Northumberland. The tone and premise of the film owe a great deal to Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot, along with aspects of Harold Pinter's The Birthday Party.

The Fearless Vampire Killers/Dance of the Vampires (1967)

The Fearless Vampire Killers (1967) (known by its original title, "Dance of the Vampires" in most countries outside the United States) is a parody of vampire films. The plot concerns a buffoonish professor and his clumsy assistant, Alfred (played by Polanski), who are traveling through Transylvania in search of vampires. The Fearless Vampire Killers was Polanski's first feature to be photographed in color with the use of Panavision lenses, and included a striking visual style with snow-covered, fairy-tale landscapes, similar to the work of Soviet fantasy filmmakers. In addition, the richly textured color schemes of the settings evoke the paintings of the Belarusian-Jewish artist Marc Chagall, who provides the namesake for the innkeeper in the film. The film was written for Jack MacGowran, who played the lead role of Professor Abronsius.

Polanski met Sharon Tate while making the film; she played the role of the local innkeeper's daughter. They were married in London on 20 January 1968. Shortly after they married, Polanski, with Tate at his side during a documentary film, described the demands of young movie viewers who he said always wanted to see something "new" and "different".

Rosemary's Baby (1968) Paramount studio head Robert Evans brought Polanski to America ostensibly to direct the film Downhill Racer, but told Polanski that he really wanted him to read the horror novel Rosemary's Baby by Ira Levin to see if a film could be made out of it. Polanski read it non-stop through the night and the following morning decided he wanted to write as well as direct it. He wrote the 272-page screenplay in just over three weeks. The film, Rosemary's Baby (1968), was a box-office success and became his first Hollywood production, thereby establishing his reputation as a major commercial filmmaker. The film, a horror-thriller set in trendy Manhattan, is about Rosemary Woodhouse (Mia Farrow), a young housewife who is impregnated by the devil. Polanski's screenplay adaptation earned him a second Academy Award nomination.

On 9 August 1969, while Polanski was working in London, his pregnant wife, Sharon Tate, and four other people were murdered at the Polanskis' residence in Los Angeles by cult leader Charles Manson's followers.

Macbeth (1971) Polanski adapted Macbeth into a screenplay with the Shakespeare expert Kenneth Tynan. Jon Finch and Francesca Annis played the main characters. Hugh Hefner and Playboy Productions funded the 1971 film, which opened in New York and was screened in Playboy Theater. Hefner was credited as executive producer, and the film was listed as a "Playboy Production". It was controversial because of Lady Macbeth's being nude in a scene, and received an X rating because of its graphic violence and nudity. In his autobiography, Polanski wrote that he wanted to be true to the violent nature of the work and that he had been aware that his first project following Tate's murder would be subject to scrutiny and probable criticism regardless of the subject matter; if he had made a comedy he would have been perceived as callous.

What? (1972) Written by Polanski and previous collaborator Gérard Brach, What? (1972) is a mordant absurdist comedy loosely based on the themes of Alice in Wonderland and Henry James. The film is a rambling shaggy dog story about the sexual indignities that befall a winsome young American hippie woman hitchhiking through Europe.

Chinatown (1974)

Polanski was an outstanding director. There was no question, after three days seeing him operate, that here was a really top talent.

Polanski returned to Hollywood in 1973 to direct Chinatown (1974) for Paramount Pictures. The film is widely considered to be one of the finest American mystery crime movies, inspired by the real-life California Water Wars, a series of disputes over southern California water at the beginning of the 20th century.

It was nominated for 11 Academy Awards, including those for actors Jack Nicholson and Faye Dunaway. Robert Towne won for Best Original Screenplay. It also had actor-director John Huston in a supporting role, and was the last film Polanski directed in the United States. In 1991, the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant" and it is frequently listed as among the best in world cinema.

The Tenant (1976) Polanski returned to Paris for his next film, The Tenant (1976), which was based on a 1964 novel by Roland Topor, a French writer of Polish-Jewish origin. In addition to directing the film, Polanski also played a leading role of a timid Polish immigrant living in Paris. Together with Repulsion and Rosemary's Baby, The Tenant can be seen as the third installment in a loose trilogy of films called the "Apartment Trilogy" that explores the themes of social alienation and psychic and emotional breakdown.

In 1978, Polanski became a fugitive from American justice and could no longer work in countries where he might face arrest or extradition.

1979–2004

Tess (1979) He dedicated his next film, Tess (1979), to the memory of his late wife, Sharon Tate. It was Tate who first suggested he read Tess of the d'Urbervilles, which she thought would make a good film; he subsequently expected her to star in it. Nearly a decade after Tate's death, he met Nastassja Kinski, a model and aspiring young actress who had already been in a number of European films. He offered her the starring role, which she accepted. Her father was Klaus Kinski, a leading German actor, who had introduced her to films.

Because the role required having a local dialect, Polanski sent her to London for five months of study and to spend time in the Dorset countryside to get a flavor of the region. In the film, Kinski starred opposite Peter Firth and Leigh Lawson.

took a lot of time, two years, preparing me for that film. ... He was strict with me, but in a good way. He made me feel smart, that I could do things.

Tess was shot in the north of France instead of Hardy's England and became the most expensive film made in France up to that time. Ultimately, it proved a financial success and was well received by both critics and the public. Polanski won France's César Awards for Best Picture and Best Director and received his fourth Academy Award nomination (and his second nomination for Best Director). The film received three Oscars: best cinematography, best art direction, best costume design, and was nominated for best picture.

At the time, there were rumors that Polanski and Kinski became romantically involved, which he confirmed in a 1994 interview with Diane Sawyer, but Nastassja says the rumors are untrue; they were never lovers or had an affair. She admits that "there was a flirtation. There could have been a seduction, but there was not. He had respect for me." She also recalls his influence on her while filming: "He was really a gentleman, not at all like the things I had heard. He introduced me to beautiful books, plays, movies. He educated me." On an emotional level, she said years later that "he was one of the people in my life who cared, ... who took me seriously and gave me a lot of strength." She told David Letterman more about her experience working with Polanski during an interview.

In 1981, Polanski directed and co-starred (as Mozart) in a stage production of Peter Shaffer's play Amadeus, first in Warsaw, then in Paris. The play was again directed by Polanski, in Milan, in 1999.

Pirates (1986) Nearly seven years passed before Polanski's next film, Pirates, a lavish period piece starring Walter Matthau as Captain Red, which the director intended as an homage to the beloved Errol Flynn swashbucklers of his childhood. Captain Red's henchman, Jean Baptiste, was played by Cris Campion. The film is about a rebellion the two led on a ship called the Neptune, in the seventeenth century. The screenplay was written by Polanski, Gérard Brach, and John Brownjohn. The film was shot on location in Tunisia, using a full-sized pirate vessel constructed for the production. It was a financial and critical failure, recovering a small fraction of its production budget and garnering a single Academy Award nomination.

Frantic (1988) Frantic (1988) was a Hitchcockian suspense-thriller starring Harrison Ford and the actress/model Emmanuelle Seigner, who later became Polanski's wife. The film follows an ordinary tourist in Paris whose wife is kidnapped. He attempts, hopelessly, to go through the Byzantine bureaucratic channels to deal with her disappearance, but finally takes matters into his own hands. The film was a commercial failure but received positive reviews from critics.

Bitter Moon (1992) In 1992 Polanski followed with the dark psycho-sexual film Bitter Moon. The film starred Seigner, Hugh Grant, and Kristin Scott Thomas. Film critic Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote, "Whatever else Mr. Polanski may be – nasty, mocking, darkly subversive in his view of the world – he definitely isn't dull. Bitter Moon is the kind of world-class, defiantly bad film that has a life of its own."

Death and the Maiden (1994) In 1994 Polanski directed a film of the acclaimed play Death and the Maiden starring Ben Kingsley and Sigourney Weaver. The film is based on the Ariel Dorfman play of the same name. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times praised Polanski on his directing writing, "Death and the Maiden is all about acting. In other hands, even given the same director, this might have been a dreary slog."

The Fearless Vampire Killers (1997)

In 1997, Polanski directed a stage version of his 1967 film The Fearless Vampire Killers, which debuted in Vienna followed by successful runs in Stuttgart, Hamburg, Berlin, and Budapest.

On 11 March 1998, Polanski was elected a member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts.

The Ninth Gate (1999)

The Ninth Gate is a thriller based on the novel El Club Dumas by Arturo Perez-Reverte and starring Johnny Depp. The movie's plot is based on the idea that an ancient text called "The Nine Gates of the Kingdom of Shadows", authored by Aristide Torchia along with Lucifer, is the key to raising Satan.

The Pianist (2002)

In 2001, Polanski filmed The Pianist, an adaptation of the World War II autobiography of the same name by Polish-Jewish musician Władysław Szpilman. Szpilman's experiences as a persecuted Jew in Poland during World War II were reminiscent of those of Polanski and his family. While Szpilman and Polanski escaped the concentration camps, their families did not, eventually perishing.

When Warsaw, Poland, was chosen for the 2002 premiere of The Pianist, "the country exploded with pride." According to reports, numerous former communists came to the screening and "agreed that it was a fantastic film." In May 2002, the film won the Palme d'Or (Golden Palm) award at the Cannes Film Festival, as well as Césars for Best Film and Best Director.

The film was released in North America to critical acclaim. Roger Ebert praised in particular Polanski, writing, " direction is masterful." and added "Polanski is reflecting, I believe, his own deepest feelings: that he survived, but need not have, and that his mother died and left a wound that had never healed." Polanski later won the 2002 Academy Award for Best Director. Because Polanski would have been arrested in the United States, he did not attend the Academy Awards ceremony in Hollywood. After the announcement of the Best Director Award, Polanski received a standing ovation from most of those present in the theater. Actor Harrison Ford accepted the award for Polanski and then presented the Oscar to him at the Deauville Film Festival five months later in a public ceremony. Polanski later received the Crystal Globe award for outstanding artistic contribution to world cinema at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival in 2004.

2005–present

Oliver Twist (2005)

Oliver Twist is an adaptation of Charles Dickens' novel, written by The Pianist's Ronald Harwood and shot in Prague. Polanski said in interviews that he made the film as something he could show his children and that the life of the young scavenger mirrored his own life, fending for himself in World War II Poland.

The Ghost Writer (2010)

The Ghost Writer, a thriller focusing on a ghostwriter working on the memoirs of a character based loosely on former British prime minister Tony Blair, swept the European Film Awards in 2010, winning six awards, including best movie, director, actor and screenplay. When it premiered at the 60th Berlinale in February 2010, Polanski won a Silver Bear for Best Director, and in February 2011, it won four César Awards, France's version of the Academy Awards.

The film is based on the novel by British writer Robert Harris. Harris and Polanski had previously worked for many months on a film of Harris's earlier novel Pompeii, a novel that was in turn inspired by Polanski's Chinatown. They had completed a script for Pompeii and were nearing production when the film was cancelled due to a looming actors' strike in September 2007. After that film fell apart, they moved on to Harris's novel, The Ghost, and adapted it for the screen together.

The cast includes Ewan McGregor as the writer and Pierce Brosnan as former British Prime Minister Adam Lang. The film was shot on locations in Germany.

In the United States, film critic Roger Ebert included it in his top 10 picks for 2010 and states that "this movie is the work of a man who knows how to direct a thriller. Smooth, calm, confident, it builds suspense instead of depending on shock and action." Co-star Ewan McGregor agreed, having said about Polanski that "he's a legend ... I've never examined a director and the way that they work so much before. He's brilliant, just brilliant, and absolutely warrants his reputation as a great director."

Carnage (2011)

Polanski shot Carnage in February/March 2011. The film is a screen version of Yasmina Reza's play God of Carnage, a comedy about two couples who meet after their children get in a fight at school, and how their initially civilized conversation devolves into chaos. It stars Kate Winslet, Jodie Foster, Christoph Waltz and John C. Reilly. Though set in New York, it was shot in Paris. The film had its world premiere on 9 September 2011 at the Venice Film Festival and was released in the United States by Sony Pictures Classics on 16 December 2011.

Co-stars Jodie Foster and Kate Winslet commented about Polanski's directing style. According to Foster, "He has a very, very definitive style about how he likes it done. He decides everything. He decided every lens. Every prop. Everything. It's all him." Winslet adds that "Roman is one of the most extraordinary men I've ever met. The guy is 77 years old. He has an effervescent quality to him. He's very joyful about his work, which is infectious. He likes to have a small crew, to the point that, when I walked on the set, my thought was, 'My God, this is it?'" Also noting that style of directing, New York Film Festival director Richard Pena, during the American premiere of the film, called Polanski "a poet of small spaces ... in just a couple of rooms he can conjure up an entire world, an entire society."

Polanski makes an uncredited cameo appearance as a neighbor.

Venus in Fur (2013)

Polanski's French-language adaptation of the play Venus in Fur, stars his wife Emmanuelle Seigner and Mathieu Amalric. Polanski worked with the play's author, David Ives, on the screenplay. The film was shot from December 2012 to February 2013 in French and is Polanski's first non-English-language feature film in forty years. The film premiered in competition at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival on 25 May 2013.

Based on a True Story (2017)

Polanski's Based on a True Story is an adaptation of the French novel by bestselling author Delphine de Vignan. The film follows a writer (Emmanuelle Seigner) struggling to complete a new novel, while followed by an obsessed fan (Eva Green). It started production in November 2016 from a script adapted by Polanski and Olivier Assayas. It premiered out of competition at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival on 27 May 2017 and opened in France on 1 November 2017.

Expulsion from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

In May 2018, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences stated that the board "has voted to expel actor Bill Cosby and director Roman Polanski from its membership in accordance with the organisation's Standards of Conduct." Polanski is one of only four members to have been expelled from the Academy. Following its expulsion of Harvey Weinstein, the Academy's Standards of Conduct had recently been revised as a result of impacts of the #MeToo and Time's Up movements on the film industry. The same year, his wife Emmanuelle Seigner rejected the invitation to join the Academy, denouncing the "hypocrisy" of a group that expelled Polanski.

An Officer and a Spy (2019)

Polanski's 2019 film An Officer and a Spy, centers on the notorious 19th century Dreyfus affair. The film stars Jean Dujardin as French officer Georges Picquart and follows his struggle from 1896–1906 to expose the truth about the doctored evidence that led to Alfred Dreyfus, one of the few Jewish members of the French Army's general staff, being wrongly convicted of passing military secrets to the German Empire and sent to Devil's Island. The film is written by Robert Harris, who was working with Polanski for the third time. It co-stars Louis Garrel as Dreyfus, Mathieu Amalric and Polanski's wife Emmanuelle Seigner. It was produced by Alain Goldman's Legende Films and distributed by Gaumont. Filming began on 26 November 2018 and was completed on 28 April 2019.

Although set in Paris, the film was first scheduled to shoot in Warsaw in 2014, for economic reasons. However, production was postponed after Polanski moved to Poland for filming and the U.S. Government filed extradition papers. The Polish government eventually rejected them, by which time new French film tax credits had been introduced, allowing the film to shoot on location in Paris. It was budgeted at €60m and was again set to start production in July 2016, however its production was postponed as Polanski waited on the availability of a star, whose name was not announced. In a 2017 interview Polanski discussed the difficulty of the project:

The problem of the film is the combination of casting and financing, it's an expensive film and films of this scale are only made with a bankable star, as they say vulgarly, and the stars capable of satisfying the financial requirement I do not necessarily see in the role of Picquart, who is our main character. Apart from that, there are about fifty important roles. They should all speak with the same accent in English, otherwise it would be appalling. It is necessary so that the film can be sold around the world. To unlock the financial means to produce such a project is impossible if you shoot in French."

It had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival on 30 August 2019. It received a standing ovation and won the Grand Jury Prize. It was released in France on 13 November 2019, by Gaumont. The film has received backlash due to the plot of the film relating to Polanski's sexual abuse case and further accusations of harassment and assault.

Polanski caused outrage by comparing his own experience's to Dreyfus's. In an interview to promote the film, Polanski said: "I am familiar with many of the workings of the apparatus of persecution shown in the film... I can see the same determination to deny the facts and condemn me for things I have not done. Most of the people who harass me do not know me and know nothing about the case." Aside from Polanski's involvement, the film was not controversial and was generally well reviewed.

In February 2020, Polanski won Best Director at France's 2020 Cesar Awards. Neither Polanski nor the cast and crew of An Officer and a Spy (J'accuse) attended the awards ceremony hosted at the Salle Pleyel in Paris. Polanski said that he will not submit himself to a "public lynching" over rape accusations he denies. Addressing the accusations of sexual assault leveled at him, he said, "Fantasies of unhealthy minds are now treated as proven facts." This is Polanski's fifth Best Director Cesar win, the record for a single director; he previously won for Tess, The Pianist, The Ghost Writer, and Venus in Fur. Polanski's wife Emmanuelle Seigner accepted the award on his behalf.

Prior to the awards ceremony, Polanski released a statement, saying, "For several days, people have asked me this question: Will I or won't I attend the Cesar ceremony? The question I ask in turn is this: How could I?. The way the night will unfold, we already know in advance," he continued. "Activists have already threatened me with a public lynching, some have announced protests in front of the Salle Pleyel. Others intend to make it a platform to denounce (the) governing body. It promises to look more like a symposium than a celebration of cinema." Polanski said he was skipping the ceremony in order to protect his team as well as his wife and children, who "have been made to suffer injuries and affronts." Making reference to the recent media scandal that led to the Cesar board's mass resignation, Polanski added: "The press and social media have presented our 12 nominations as if they were gifts offered to us by the academy's board of directors, as some authoritarian gesture that had forced their resignations. Doing so undermines the secret vote of the 4,313 professionals who alone decide the nominations and the more than 1.5 million viewers who came to see the film."

Despite Polanski's absence from the awards ceremony, his nomination and win sparked protests due to the rape charges that he still faces. The protestors held up signs with slogans like "Shame on an industry that protects rapists." Police clashed with protestors, even firing tear gas upon them. Actions were also taken by celebrities, such as Adèle Haenel, Noémie Merlant, and Celine Sciamma who walked out of the awards. Many other celebrities and feminists spoke out against Polanski online, such as NousToutes, a French feminist collective, who called the win "shameful", and Jessica Chastain tweeted, "I Fucking Stan" in regard to the protests. At the same time some celebrities came to his defense, like actress Fanny Ardant, who said, "When I love someone, I love them passionately. And I love Roman Polanski a lot... a lot... So I'm very happy for him. Then, I understand that not everyone agrees but long live freedom!" and actress Brigitte Bardot who said, "Thankfully Polanski exists and he is saving cinema from its mediocrity! I judge him on his talent and not on his private life! I regret never having shot with him!" The actor Lambert Wilson called the protest campaign against Polanski "abominable public lynching", as did Isabelle Huppert, who stated that "lynching is a form of pornography". Likewise, Polanski's alleged victim Samantha Geimer criticized the protesters as "very opportunistic", and said that "If you want to change the world today, you do it by... demanding people be held accountable today, not by picking someone who is famous and thinking that if you demonise him for things that happened decades ago that somehow that has any value in protecting people and changing society".

The Palace (2023)

The Palace began filming in February 2022 in Gstaad, Switzerland. The film stars Mickey Rourke, Fanny Ardant, and Oliver Masucci, and is a black comedy about the guests at a Swiss luxury hotel on New Year's Eve 1999. Polanski co-wrote the screenplay with fellow Polish director Jerzy Skolimowski, who also co-wrote Polanski's first feature, Knife in the Water, in 1962. The film was unable to find financing in France due to souring French public opinion of Polanski following a new round of sexual assault allegations, and ended up being primarily funded by the Italian company, RAI Cinema. Polanski's reputation also brought casting challenges, with a number of actors turning down roles for fear of tarnishing their careers. RAI Cinema and Eliseo Entertainment produced the film. The film had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival on 2 September 2023, before it was released theatrically in Italy by 01 Distribution on 28 September 2023.

2023 Venice Film Festival controversy

The inclusion of films from Polanski, Woody Allen, and Luc Besson at the 2023 Venice Film Festival was controversial and brought significant criticism to its organizers due to the various sex abuse allegations against all three. Festival head Alberto Barbera defended their inclusion, saying of Polanski specifically, "I don't understand why one cannot distinguish between the responsibilities of the man and those of the artist. Polanski is 90 years old, he is one of the few working masters, he made an extraordinary film. It may be the last film of his career, although I hope he does like De Oliveira, who made films until he was 105. I stand firmly among those who in the debate distinguish between the responsibility of the man and that of the artist."

Personal life

In 1959, Polanski married actress Barbara Kwiatkowska-Lass. She starred in his short film When Angels Fall. The couple separated in 1961 and divorced the next year.

Throughout the 1960s, Polanski dated a succession of actresses including Carol Lynley, Jacqueline Bisset, Jill St. John and Michelle Phillips.

Polanski met actress Sharon Tate while filming The Fearless Vampire Killers, and during the production, the two of them began dating. On 20 January 1968, Polanski and Tate married in London.

In February 1969, Polanski and Tate began renting the home at 10050 Cielo Drive in the Benedict Canyon region of Los Angeles. In August, while Polanski was in Europe working on a film, Tate remained home, eight-and-a-half months pregnant. The Manson Family cult broke into the home late in the evening of 8 August and proceeded to murder Tate and four others. Tate's unborn child was posthumously named Paul Richard Polanski. Charles Manson, along with members of the cult, was arrested in late 1969, eventually tried, and found guilty in 1971 of first-degree murder.

Polanski has said that his absence on the night of the murders is the greatest regret of his life. He wrote in his autobiography: "Sharon's death is the only watershed in my life that really matters", and commented that her murder changed his personality from a "boundless, untroubled sea of expectations and optimism" to one of "ingrained pessimism... eternal dissatisfaction with life". Polanski was left with a negative impression of the press, which he felt was interested in sensationalizing the lives of the victims, and indirectly himself, to attract readers. He was shocked by the lack of sympathy expressed in various news stories:

I had long known that it was impossible for a journalist to convey 100 percent of the truth, but I didn't realize to what extent the truth is distorted, both by the intentions of the journalist and by neglect. I don't mean just the interpretations of what happened; I also mean the facts. The reporting about Sharon and the murders was virtually criminal. Reading the papers, I could not believe my eyes. I could not believe my eyes! They blamed the victims for their own murders. I really despise the press. I didn't always. The press made me despise it.

In 1989, Polanski married French actress Emmanuelle Seigner. They have two children, daughter Morgane and son Elvis. Polanski and his children speak Polish at home.

Legal history

In 1977, Polanski was arrested and charged with drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl. As a result of a plea bargain, he pleaded guilty to the lesser offence of unlawful sex with a minor. In 1978, after learning that the judge planned to reject his plea deal and impose a prison term instead of probation, he fled to Paris. A number of other women have later accused Polanski of raping them when they were teenagers. An Interpol red notice was issued for his arrest, and he rarely leaves France.

Sexual abuse

On 11 March 1977, three years after making Chinatown, Polanski was arrested at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel for the sexual assault of 13-year-old Samantha Gailey. Gailey had modeled for Polanski during a Vogue photoshoot the previous day around the swimming pool at the Bel Air home of Jack Nicholson. Polanski was indicted on six counts of criminal behavior, including rape. At his arraignment, he pleaded not guilty to all charges. Many executives in Hollywood came to his defense. Gailey's attorney arranged a plea bargain in which five of the six charges would be dismissed, and Polanski accepted.

As a result of the plea bargain, Polanski pleaded guilty to the charge of "unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor", and was ordered to undergo 90 days of psychiatric evaluation at California Institution for Men at Chino. Upon release from prison after 42 days, Polanski agreed to the plea bargain, his penalty to be time served along with probation. However, he learned afterward that the judge, Laurence J. Rittenband, had told some friends that he was going to disregard the plea bargain and sentence Polanski to 50 years in prison: "I'll see this man never gets out of jail", he told Polanski's friend, screenwriter Howard E. Koch. Gailey's attorney confirmed the judge changed his mind after he met the judge in his chambers:

He was going to sentence Polanski, rather than to time served, to fifty years. What the judge did was outrageous. We had agreed to a plea bargain and the judge had approved it.

Polanski was told by his attorney that "the judge could no longer be trusted" and that the judge's representations were "worthless". Polanski decided not to appear at his sentencing. He told his friend, producer Dino De Laurentiis, "I've made up my mind. I'm getting out of here." On 31 January 1978, the day before sentencing, Polanski left the country on a flight to London, where he had a home. One day later, he left for France. As a French citizen, he has been protected from extradition and has lived mostly in France since then.

In 1979, Polanski gave a controversial interview with novelist Martin Amis in which, discussing the case, he said "If I had killed somebody, it wouldn't have had so much appeal to the press, you see? But ... fucking, you see, and the young girls. Judges want to fuck young girls. Juries want to fuck young girls. Everyone wants to fuck young girls!"

In 1988, Gailey sued Polanski. Among other things, the suit alleged sexual assault, false imprisonment, seduction of a minor, and intentional infliction of emotional distress. In 1993, Polanski agreed to settle with his victim. In August 1996, Polanski still owed her $604,416; court filings confirm that the settlement was completed by 1997 via a confidential financial arrangement. The victim, now married and going by the name Samantha Geimer, stated in a 2003 interview with Larry King that the police and media had been slow at the time of the assault to believe her account, which she attributed to the social climate of the era. In 2008, she stated, "I don't wish for him to be held to further punishment or consequences."

On 26 September 2009, Polanski was arrested while in Switzerland at the request of United States authorities. The arrest brought renewed attention to the case and stirred controversy, particularly in the United States and Europe. Polanski was defended by many prominent individuals, including Hollywood celebrities and European artists and politicians, who called for his release. American public opinion was reported to run against him, and polls in France and Poland showed that strong majorities favored his extradition to the United States.

Polanski was jailed near Zurich for two months, then put under house arrest at his home in Gstaad while awaiting the results of his extradition appeals. On 12 July 2010, the Swiss rejected the United States' request, declared Polanski a "free man" and released him from custody. A year later, he was invited to the 2011 Zurich Film Festival where he received a lifetime achievement award. An Interpol red notice was issued in 1978 after he fled the United States, limiting his movements to France, Switzerland, and Poland, even though the victim pleaded to end the case against him.

However, his name is no longer found on Interpol's wanted list.

During a television interview on 10 March 2011, Geimer blamed the media, reporters, the court, and the judge for having caused "way more damage to me and my family than anything Roman Polanski has ever done", and opined that the judge was using her and Polanski for media exposure.

In January 2014, newly uncovered emails from 2008 by a Los Angeles County Superior Court Judge, Larry P. Fidler, indicated that if Polanski returned to the United States for a hearing, the conduct of the judge who had originally presided over the case, Laurence A. Rittenband, might require that Polanski be freed. These emails were related to a 2008 documentary film by Marina Zenovich.

In late October 2014, Polanski was questioned by Polish prosecutors in Kraków. On 30 October 2015, Polish judge Dariusz Mazur denied a request by the United States to extradite Polanski, who has dual French–Polish citizenship, for a full trial, claiming that it would be "obviously unlawful". The Kraków prosecutor's office declined to challenge the court's ruling, agreeing that Polanski had served his punishment and did not need to face an American court ever again.

Poland's national justice ministry appealed, arguing that sexual abuse of minors should be prosecuted regardless of the suspect's accomplishments or the length of time since the suspected crime took place. In a December 2016 decision, the Supreme Court of Poland dismissed the government's appeal, holding that the prosecutor general had failed to prove misconduct or flagrant legal error on the part of the lower court.

Preparations for An Officer and a Spy had been stalled by the extradition request.

On 3 May 2018, Polanski was removed from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, with the decision referencing the case.

Polanski has blamed Harvey Weinstein for the renewed focus on his sexual abuse case in the 2000s and claimed that Weinstein tried to brand him a "child rapist" to stop him from winning an Oscar in 2003.

In March 2023, Geimer and her husband met with Polanski and his wife Seigner for a French magazine cover interview. Geimer states in the interview: "Let me be very clear: what happened with Polanski was never a big problem for me. I didn't even know it was illegal, that someone could be arrested for it. I was fine, I'm still fine. It was so unfair and so in opposition to justice ... Everyone should know by now that Roman has served his sentence. Which was ... long if you want my opinion. Anyone who thinks that he deserves to be in prison is wrong. It isn't the case today and it wasn't the case yesterday."

Documentary films

In 2008, the documentary film by Marina Zenovich, Roman Polanski: Wanted and Desired, was released in Europe and the United States where it won numerous awards. The film focuses on the judge in the case and the possible reasons why he changed his mind. It includes interviews with people involved in the case, including the victim, Geimer, and the prosecutor, Roger Gunson. Geimer said that the judge "didn't care what happened" to her or Polanski, but "was orchestrating some little show", while Gunson added, "I'm not surprised that Polanski left under those circumstances, ... it was going to be a real circus."

Former Los Angeles County Deputy District Attorney David Wells, whose statements were the most damning evidence in the movie, and who said he advised the judge to imprison Polanski, admitted that he lied about those statements, and said that to the documentary makers to "play up" his own role.

In December 2009, a California appellate court discussed the film's allegations as it denied Polanski's request to have the case dismissed. While saying it was "deeply concerned" by the allegations, and that the allegations were "in many cases supported by considerable evidence", it also found that "Even in light of our fundamental concern about the misconduct ... flight was not Polanski's only option. It was not even his best option." It said dismissal of the case, which would erase Polanski's guilty plea, would not be an "appropriate result", and that he still had other legal options.

In September 2011, the documentary film Roman Polanski: A Film Memoir had its world premiere in Zurich, Switzerland. During an interview in the film, he offers his apology to Geimer: "She is a double victim: My victim, and a victim of the press." On this occasion, he collected the lifetime achievement award he was to have received at the time of his arrest two years earlier.

Vanity Fair libel case

In 2004, Polanski sued Vanity Fair magazine in London for libel. A 2002 article in the magazine claimed that Polanski promised he would "make another Sharon Tate out of you" in an attempt to seduce a Scandinavian model while he was travelling to Tate's funeral. He received supporting testimony from Mia Farrow, and Vanity Fair "was unable to prove that the incident occurred". Polanski was awarded £50,000 in damages plus some of his legal costs.

Matan Uziel libel case

In December 2017, Polanski filed a ₪1.5 million suit in Herzliya Magistrates' Court against Israeli journalist and filmmaker Matan Uziel. Polanski maintained that Uziel, through his website, www.imetpolanski.com, falsely reported that five women had come forward to accuse him of raping them. Polanski was suing for libel and defamation of character. Herzliya Magistrates' Court rejected Polanski's request to be exempt from appearing in court after filing the libel suit. While Polanski gave various reasons for his inability to appear, the presiding judge, Gilad Hess, dismissed them one by one and ordered Polanski to pay Uziel ₪10,000 in costs. In November 2018, it was published that Polanski decided to drop the lawsuit, and was ordered by the court to pay Uziel ₪30,000 (US$8,000) for court costs. The court accepted Uziel's request that the suit not be dropped, but rather that it be rejected, making Polanski unable to sue Uziel again over the same issue in the future.

In late December 2019, in Polanski's interviews with Paris Match and Gazeta Wyborcza, the latter accused Matan Uziel of carefully orchestrating the attacks on his character and for playing a major role in designing an international campaign to besmirch his name and reputation in order to make his career fall from grace.

In November 2022, Polanski filed a cybersquatting dispute with World Intellectual Property Organization against the domain name imetpolanski.com. Polanski asked World Intellectual Property Organization to rule that the site was cybersquatting. However, the three-person panel ruled that Polanski did not show the domain was registered and used in bad faith, nor did he show that the registrant, Matan Uziel, lacked rights or legitimate interests in the domain name.

Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences case

In April 2019, following his expulsion from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Polanski filed a lawsuit against the Academy alleging that the decision to expel him was not appropriately supported and demanding his reinstatement. In August 2020 his expulsion was upheld by the court with the judge finding that the Academy's board had given Polanski a fair hearing and that they had cause to expel him.

Charlotte Lewis

In 2010, lawyer Gloria Allred appeared in a press conference with British actress Charlotte Lewis, where she stated that Polanski had forced himself on her while she was auditioning for Pirates in Paris in 1983, which she was later cast in. "He sexually abused me in the worst possible way when I was just 16 years old, four years after he fled the United States to avoid sentencing for his crime." In 1999, Lewis had an interview with the UK's News of the World where she asserted that she had a six-month tryst with Polanski when she was 17. Lewis also talked about how Polanski treated her in the relationship: "Roman would say, ‘You’re gaining weight’. It was ridiculous —I was a thin teenage girl, but I took it seriously and stopped eating. Then I’d overeat, and for years I suffered from bulimia. I know that was the start." During an interview with Paris Match in 2019, Roman Polanski was asked about Charlotte Lewis' accusations, to which he responded "It's an odious lie!" He also pulled out a press clipping of her 1999 interview, quoting her talk about having sex with many men by the age of 14. In the interview Lewis discloses that she was drugged and prostituted at 14, which led to her sexual promiscuity and her relationship with numerous film stars, including Polanski.

Lewis alleged Polanski led a smear campaign against her, primarily founded on the Paris Match interview, and in September 2022 Polanski was ordered to stand trial in France for Lewis' defamation case. Polanski was acquitted of this defamation on 14 May 2024. He was not present in court for the verdict.

2024 civil charges

In March 2024, Polanski was sued in the Los Angeles Superior Court by a woman who alleged that he raped her at his home in 1973 after supplying her with tequila shots. The woman was said to be under the age of 18 at the time. Polanski, who is facing a civil trial for this allegation, had his trial date set for August 2025.

Other allegations

In October 2017, German actress Renate Langer told Swiss police that Polanski raped her in Gstaad when she was 15, in 1972. The same month, American artist Marianne Barnard accused Polanski of having sexually assaulted her in 1975, when she was 10 years old.

In November 2019, French actress Valentine Monnier said Polanski raped her at a ski chalet in Gstaad in 1975.

Filmography

Awards and nominations

Bibliography

• Polanski, Roman (1973) Roman Polanski's What? From the original screenplay, London: Lorrimer. 91p. ISBN 0-85647-033-3
• Polanski, Roman (1973) What?, New York: Third press, 91p, ISBN 0-89388-121-X
• Polanski, Roman (1975) Three film scripts: Knife in the water ; Repulsion ; Cul-de-sac , introduction by Boleslaw Sulik, New York: Fitzhenry and Whiteside, 275p, ISBN 0-06-430062-5
• Polanski, Roman (1984) Knife in the water, Repulsion and Cul-de-sac: three filmscripts by Roman Polanski, London: Lorrimer, 214p, ISBN 0-85647-051-1 (hbk) ISBN 0-85647-092-9 (pbk)
• Polanski, Roman (1984, 1985) Roman by Polanski, New York: Morrow. ISBN 0-688-02621-4, London: Heinemann. London: Pan. 456p. ISBN 0-434-59180-7 (hbk) ISBN 0-330-28597-1 (pbk)
• Polanski, Roman (2003) Le pianiste, Paris: Avant-Scene, 126p, ISBN 2-84725-016-6

Notes

1. /pəˈlænski/ pə-LAN-skee, French: [ʁɛmɔ̃ ʁɔmɑ̃ tjɛʁi pɔlɑ̃ski], Polish: [ˈrɔman pɔˈlaj̃skʲi] .

References

1. ^ Berendt, Joanna (6 December 2016). "Roman Polanski Extradition Request Rejected by Poland's Supreme Court". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 February 2017.
2. Paul Werner, Polański. Biografia, Poznań: Rebis, 2013, p. 12.
3. All Movie Guide (2013). "Roman Polanski – Biography". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 November 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
4. ^ Paul Werner, Polański. Biografia, Poznań: Rebis, 2013, p. 13.
5. ^ Polanski, Roman; Bernstein, Catherine (5 May 2006). "Mémoires de la Shoah: témoignage de Roman Polanski, enfant de déporté, enfant caché, né le 18 aoüt 1933" (in French). INA. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
6. "Roman Polanski: Wanted and Desired". Archived from the original on 4 July 2009. Retrieved 25 January 2009.
7. "Sharon Tate's family bares 'Restless Souls'" Archived 25 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine, USA Today, 22 February 2012
8. Ain-Krupa, Julia, Roman Polanski: A Life in Exile ABC Clio Santa Barbara California 2010 pages 38–40
9. "Roman Polanski(I)". IMDb.
10. Paul Werner, Polański. Biografia, Poznań: Rebis, 2013, p. 12-18.
11. Bradshaw, Peter (15 July 2005). "profile: Roman Polanski, The Guardian, Guardian Unlimited". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 27 December 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
12. "Roman Polanski, UXL Newsmakers, Find Articles at BNET.com". Findarticles.com. 2005. Archived from the original on 9 February 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
13. Roman by Polanski, p. 22
14. Paul Werner, Polański. Biografia, Poznań: Rebis, 2013, p. 12-13.
15. "Biography". Movies.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on 3 October 2009. Retrieved 18 October 2009.
16. "The religion of director Roman Polanski". Adherents.com. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
17. Cronin, Paul (2005). Roman Polanski: Interviews. University Press of Mississippi. p. 17. ISBN 1578067995.
18. ^ Sandford, Christopher (2008). Roman Polanski: a biography. New York, NY: Palgrave MacMillan. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-230-60778-1. Retrieved 29 September 2009. polanski: a biography.
19. Polański, Roman (1984). Roman. Morrow (ibidem). p. 93. ISBN 0688026214. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016.
20. Roman by Polanski, p. 26
21. Polański, Roman (1984). Roman. Morrow (ibidem). p. 73. ISBN 0688026214. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016.
22. Chesnoff, Richard Z. (1999). Pack of Thieves: How Hitler and Europe Plundered the Jews and Committed the Greatest Theft in History. New York City: Anchor Books. p. 175. ISBN 978-0385720649.
23. Freer, Ian. Movie Makers, Quercus (2009) pp. 129–131
24. "U.S. Library of Congress statistics". Countrystudies.us. Archived from the original on 23 August 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
25. Gilbert, Martin, Atlas of the Holocaust, New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc, (1993)
26. Scislowska, Monika (15 October 2020). "Roman Polanski honors Poles who saved him from the Holocaust". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
27. ^ Glazer, Mitchell. Rolling Stone magazine, 2 April 1981
28. Roman by Polanski, p. 55
29. ^ Playboy magazine interview, December 1971
30. Roman by Polanski, p. 37
31. Roman by Polanski, p. 37-38
32. Cronin, Paul (2005). Roman Polanski: Interviews. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi. pp. 159, 189. ISBN 978-1-57806-800-5.
33. ^ "Pwsftvit". Filmschool.lodz.pl. Archived from the original on 19 August 2009. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
34. "Polanski Seeks Sex Case Dismissal – 3 December 2008". Thesmokinggun.com. 3 December 2008. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 18 October 2009.
35. "Polanski and the writing of "Knife in the Water"". Wyborcza.pl. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
36. Ain-Krupa, Julia, Roman Polanski: A Life in Exile ABC Clio Santa Barbara California 2010 page 21
37. "The World's Most Beautiful Swindlers – Olive Films". olivefilms.com. Archived from the original on 28 April 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
38. Cronin, Paul, edited, Roman Polanski Interviews, University Press of Mississippi, 2005, page 105
39. Roman by Polanski, p. 292.
40. video: The New Cinema (1968) Archived 11 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, fair use clip
41. Ain-Krupa, Julia, Roman Polanski: A Life in Exile ABC Clio Santa Barbara California 2010 page 64
42. Sandford, Christopher, Polanski: A Biography 2008 Palgrave Macmillan page 109
43. Sandford, Christopher, Polanski: A Biography 2008 Palgrave Macmillan page 110
44. Ain-Krupa, Julia Roman Polanski: A Life in Exile ABC Clio Publishing Santa Barbara California 2010 page 64
45. Bugliosi, p. 19
46. Ain-Krupa, Julia Roman Polanski: A Life in Exile ABC Clio Publishing Santa Barbara California 2010 page 79
47. ^ Bate, Jonath, & Eric Rasmussen edited Macbeth by William Shakespeare The Royal Shakespeare Company page 132
48. Ain-Krupa, Julia, Roman Polanski: A Life in Exile ABC Clio Santa Barbara California 2010 page 79
49. Macbeth and its Afterlife: Shakespeare Survey 57 Cambridge University Press 2004 Williams, Deanne Mick Jagger Macbeth page 145
50. Macbeth and its Afterlife Shakespeare Survey 57 Cambridge University Press 2004 page 145
51. Roman by Polanski, pp. 339–340
52. Grobel, Lawrence. The Hustons, Charles Scribner's Sons, N.Y. (1989) p. 678
53. "Chinatown". Archived from the original on 4 September 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
54. John Huston Retrospective Trailer: "Chinatown" Archived 13 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Film Society of Lincoln Center
55. Pulver, Andrew (22 October 2010). "Chinatown: the best film of all time". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017.
56. "100 Greatest Films". filmsite.org. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013.
57. "Greatest film ever: Chinatown wins by a nose". The Sydney Morning Herald. 24 October 2010. Archived from the original on 21 March 2016.
58. Amanda Mae Meyncke (2 July 2008). "Roman Polanski's Apartment Trilogy Still As Artful As Ever". Film.com. Archived from the original on 12 August 2009.
59. Romney, Jonathan (5 October 2008). "Roman Polanski: The truth about his notorious sex crime". The Independent. London. Retrieved 10 October 2009. Hoping to preserve Geimer's anonymity, her attorney Lawrence Silver arranged for Polanski to plea-bargain, to keep the case from going to trial. Accordingly, Polanski pleaded guilty to the lowest of the counts against him, unlawful sexual intercourse.
60. "Timeline of Director Roman Polanski's Life". The Washington Post. Associated Press. 28 September 2009. Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
61. ^ "After 'tess' and Roman Polanski, Nastassia Kinski Trades Notoriety for L.a. Propriety" Archived 3 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine, People, 12 April 1981
62. "Photo of Polanski directing Kinski and Firth". guim.co.uk. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016.
63. Welsh, James M., Phillips, Gene D. The Francis Ford Coppola Encyclopedia, Scarecrow Press (2010) p. 154
64. "Roman Polanski First Interview After Arrest – Diane Sawyer – video Dailymotion". Dailymotion. 2 September 2007.
65. ^ "Nastassja Kinski interview: 'I've had such low self-esteem'" Archived 19 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine, The Telegraph, U.K., 6 February 2015
66. "Daddy's girl" Archived 4 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, 2 July 1999
67. Aflac163 (8 June 2016). "Late Night with David Letterman – Nastassja Kinski". Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017 – via YouTube.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
68. Sokol, Stanley S., The Polish Biographical Dictionary: Profiles of Nearly 900 Poles Who Have Made Lasting Contributions to World Civilization, Bolchazy Carducci Publishers, Wauconda, Illinois, 1992, page 314
69. Darnton, Nina (21 July 1981). "Polanski on Polish Stage Amid Political Upheaval". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 January 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
70. Curti, Stefano (1 November 1999). "Roman Polanski-directed Amadeus Opens in Milan, Nov. 30". Playbill. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
71. Ain-Krupa, Julia Roman Polanski: A Life in Exile ABC Clio Publishing Santa Barbara California 2010 pages 117–118
72. Ain-Krupa, Julia Roman Polanski: A Life in Exile ABC Clio Publishing Santa Barbara California 2010 pages 118–119
73. Ain-Krupa, Julia Roman Polanski: A Life in Exile ABC Clio Publishing Santa Barbara California 2010 page 119
74. Ain-Krupa, Julia Roman Polanski: A Life in Exile ABC Clio Publishing Santa Barbara California 2010 page 122
75. Maslin, Janet (18 March 1994). "Review/Film; Buttoned-Down People, Unbuttoned Memories". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
76. Ebert, Roger (1995). "Death And The Maiden movie review (1995)". Chicago Sun-Times.
77. McCarthy, Todd (12 December 1994). "Death and the Maiden". Variety.
78. Paszylk, Bartlomiej, The Pleasure and Pain of Cult Horror Films: An Historical Survey McFarland and Company Jefferson North Carolina page 101
79. "Entertainment, Polanski joins French elite". BBC News. 16 December 1999. Archived from the original on 30 September 2009. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
80. Ain-Krupa, Julia Roman Polanski: A Life in Exile ABC Clio Publishing Santa Barbara California 2010 pages 131–134
81. "Revelations from Roman Polanski's Polish Secret Service File" Archived 13 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Die Welt, Worldcrunch news, 13 May 2011
82. "Festival de Cannes: The Pianist". festival-cannes.com. Archived from the original on 22 August 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
83. "The Pianist movie review". Rogerebert.com. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
84. "Harrison Ford Delivers Oscar To Polanski" Archived 27 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press, 9 September 2003
85. Ain-Krupa, Julia Roman Polanski: A Life in Exile ABC Clio Publishing Santa Barbara California 2010 pages 152–153
86. "European Film Awards gives Roman Polanski's 'Ghost Writer' prize for best director and best movie" Archived 9 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine New York Daily News, 5 December 2010
87. Booker, M. Keith, Historical Dictionary of American Cinema, Scarecrow Press, 2011, page 285
88. "French Awards Favor Polanski " Archived 9 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, 27 February 2011
89. Beard, Matthew. "Polanski to bring best-seller on last days of Pompeii to the big screen". The Independent. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
90. "Polanski pulls out of 'Pompeii'". Variety. 11 September 2007. Archived from the original on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
91. "Roman Polanski: "Studio Babelsberg has highly talented and enthusiastic crews": Studio Babelsberg AG". Studiobabelsberg.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2009. Retrieved 7 August 2009.
92. " Roger Ebert Reveals His List of the 10 Best Feature Films of 2010" Archived 21 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine, "Firstshowing.net, 17 December 2010
93. "Ewan McGregor Interview For The Ghost" Articleslash, 2 January 2011
94. "Interview with Jodie Foster," HollywoodChicago.com, 5 May 2011
95. "Winslet on working with Jodie Foster, Roman Polanski" Archived 7 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Inquirer Entertainment, 28 May 2011
96. "NY Film Festival: Polanski gets his U.S. welcome wagon" Archived 3 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Los Angeles Times, 1 October 2011
97. "Mathieu Amalric Replaces Louis Garrel in Roman Polanski's 'Venus in Fur'". Blogs.indiewire.com. 17 January 2013. Archived from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
98. "PRODUCTION: Polanski Shooting a Polish-French Comedy". Archived from the original on 14 February 2017.
99. Fleming, Mike. "Roman Polanski To Helm Screen Version Of 'Venus in Fur'". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 21 December 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
100. "2013 Official Selection". Cannes. 18 April 2013. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
101. Barnes, Henry (19 July 2016). "Roman Polanski and Olivier Assayas join forces on new film". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016.
102. Keslassy, Elsa (15 September 2016). "Toronto: Eva Green, Emmanuelle Seigner Star in Roman Polanski-Olivier Assayas' 'True Story'". Archived from the original on 6 June 2017.
103. Tartaglione, Nancy (27 April 2017). "Cannes Adds Roman Polanski's 'Based On A True Story' & More Films To Lineup". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 25 June 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
104. "Bill Cosby, Roman Polanski expelled by Oscars academy". CBC News. The Associated Press. 3 May 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2024. It's the first major decision since the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences implemented revised standards of conduct for its over 8,400 members following its expulsion of disgraced mogul Harvey Weinstein in October.
105. "Bill Cosby and Roman Polanski expelled from Oscars academy". London: BBC News. 3 May 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
106. "Polanski's wife says 'Non merci!' to Oscars' academy invite". Reuters. 8 July 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
107. ^ McClintock, Pamela (9 May 2012). "Roman Polanski to Direct Dreyfus Affair Drama 'D'". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 13 May 2012.
108. "Roman Polanski's 'J'Accuse' Is Filmmaker's First in the Post-#MeToo Era". The Hollywood Reporter. 28 September 2018.
109. AlloCine. "J'accuse : Jean Dujardin chez Roman Polanski pour son film sur l'affaire Dreyfus". Archived from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
110. "Jean Dujardin on Instagram: "Au boulot! 1er jour de tournage de #jaccuse de #romanpolanski @robertharrishome #colonel #mariegeorgespicquart"". Instagram. Archived from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
111. "Jean Dujardin on Instagram: "Fin de tournage! Merci à toute l'équipe. 🙏❤️ #jaccuse de #romanpolanski photo @guyferrandis"". Instagram. Archived from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
112. "Polanski wants to make next movie in Poland". Archived from the original on 23 November 2016.
113. "Polanski tournera " Dreyfus " en France". 24 October 2016. Archived from the original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
114. "Polański delays filming of spy thriller". Archived from the original on 5 April 2016.
115. Translated from: Gauthier Jurgensen, "Roman Polanski tournera un documentaire sur son enfance et s'exprime sur le projet Dreyfus", Allocie, October 18, 2017
116. Vivarelli, Nick (25 July 2019). "Joker, Ad Astra, The Laundromat, Marriage Story to Compete in Venice". Variety. Archived from the original on 9 December 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
117. "Venezia 76 Competition". labiennale.org. 25 July 2019. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
118. Ulivi, Stefania (30 August 2019). "Venezia 2019, Roman Polanski: "Io come Dreyfus". Applausi al suo film "J'accuse"". Corriere della Sera. Archived from the original on 14 September 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
119. "Venezia 76, applausi a 'J'accuse' di Polanski. Dujardin: "Un grande film diretto da un regista-sciamano"". www.repubblica.it. 30 August 2019. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
120. Satta, di Gloria (31 August 2019). "Festival del cinema, Polanski oltre le polemiche elogi e applausi per il suo J'accuse". ilmessaggeroit. Archived from the original on 13 September 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
121. Anderson, Ariston (7 September 2019). "Venice: Todd Phillips' 'Joker' Wins Golden Lion, Roman Polanski Wins Silver Lion". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 7 September 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
122. "J'Accuse". Gaumont Film Company. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
123. Pulver, Andrew (1 October 2018). "Social media outrage over Roman Polanski film J'Accuse". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
124. Grisar, PJ (6 September 2019). "Does Roman Polanski's New Film Make The Dreyfus Affair About Him?". The Forward. Archived from the original on 19 November 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
125. Sugarman, Daniel (5 September 2019). "Why we should not be watching Roman Polanski's film on the Dreyfus Affair". The Jewish Chronicle. Archived from the original on 6 December 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
126. ^ "Roman Polanski: media 'making me a monster' – and it's Weinstein's fault". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 11 December 2019.
127. Willsher, Kim (1 March 2020). "Polanski's 'Oscar' divides elite world of French cinema". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
128. ^ O'Connor, Roisin (8 September 2019). "Roman Polanski is controversial Silver Lion winner at Venice Film Festival". independent.co.uk. The Independent. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
129. "Fearing 'public lynching', Polanski pulls out of France's César awards". France 24. 27 February 2020.
130. Lenker, Maureen Lee (28 February 2020). "Attendees walk out after Roman Polanski wins Best Director at Cesar Awards". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
131. Ravindran, Ben Croll, Manori; Croll, Ben; Ravindran, Manori (27 February 2020). "Roman Polanski Pulls Out of France's Cesar Awards". Variety. Retrieved 21 December 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
132. Ordona, Michael (29 February 2020). "Roman Polanski win sparks protest and walkouts at France's César Awards". Los Angeles Times.
133. "'Portrait of a Lady on Fire' Cast & Crew Protest Roman Polanski Win". www.pride.com. 29 February 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
134. Wojazer, Barbara; McKenzie, Sheena; Vandoorne, Saskya (29 February 2020). "Actresses walk out of 'French Oscars' after Roman Polanski wins top awards". CNN.
135. Cappelle, Laura (24 March 2020). "'I don't conform': backstage with the indomitable Isabelle Huppert". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
136. "Alleged victim defends Polanski and criticises 'opportunistic' protesters". Irish News. 8 April 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
137. ^ Vivarelli, Nick (22 May 2022). "Roman Polanski Always Thrived in France, But Now Even His Adopted Country is Turning On Him (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
138. Keslassy, Elsa (25 April 2022). "Roman Polanski's 'The Palace' Adds 'Fantastic Beasts' Actor Oliver Masucci, Fanny Ardant (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
139. Fernández, Alexia. "Controversial Director Roman Polanski Announces New Movie After Being Expelled from the Academy". people.com. People. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
140. Grater, Tom (29 April 2021). "Roman Polanski To Direct 'The Palace' For Rai Cinema". Deadline. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
141. Fernández, Alexia (30 April 2021). "Controversial Director Roman Polanski Announces New Movie After Being Expelled from the Academy". People. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
142. Barfield, Charles (29 April 2021). "'The Palace': Roman Polanski Will Begin Production On His Next Film This Fall In Europe". The Playlist. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
143. Vivarelli, Nick (29 April 2021). "Roman Polanski Teams With Jerzy Skolimowski on 'The Palace'". Variety. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
144. Goodfellow, Melanie (2 September 2023). "Roman Polanski's 'The Palace' Gets 3-Minute Ovation At Venice Film Festival". deadline. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
145. Vivarelli, Nick (8 June 2023). "Roman Polanski's 'The Palace' Sets September Release Date in Italy: Is it Headed for Venice?". Variety. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
146. Mouriquand, David (26 July 2023). "Venice Film Festival boss defends inclusion of directors Woody Allen, Roman Polanski and Luc Besson". euronews.com. EuroNews. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
147. Yardley, Jonathan (25 January 1984). "Roman's Holiday". The Washington Post.
148. Leydon, Joe (13 July 1986). "Roman Polanski". The Moving Picture Show.
149. Bugliosi, Vincent; Curt Gentry (1994). Helter skelter: the true story of the Manson murders (25, illustrated, annotated ed.). W. W. Norton & Company. p. 528. ISBN 978-0-393-08700-0. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016.
150. McIntosh, Lindsay (19 July 2005). "She knew of my philandering". The Times Online. London. Archived from the original on 27 December 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
151. Statman, Alisa. Restless Souls: The Sharon Tate Family's Account of Stardom, the Manson Murders, and a Crusade for Justice, It Books (2012)
152. Norman, Neil (25 September 2005). "Roman Polanski: The artful dodger". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 28 July 2009. Retrieved 4 October 2009.
153. Roman by Polanski, p. 324
154. ^ Waiting to come in from the cold Archived 7 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine Vanessa Thorpe, The Observer, 7 December 2008.
155. "Piękna Francuzka czuje się Polką – Najnowsze informacje – Informacje – portal TVN24.pl – 02.05.2010". Tvn24.pl. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
156. Cieply, Michael (11 October 2009). "In Polanski Case, '70s Culture Collides With Today". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017.
157. Kimble, Lindsay (31 October 2015). "Roman Polanski's Victim Samantha Geimer Is 'Pleased' the Director Won't Be Extradited, Says She Recovered 'A Long Time Ago'". People. New York City: Meredith Corporation. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
158. "The Polanski case: What we know after 40 years". www.timesofisrael.com.
159. ^ Azoury, Philippe (29 February 2020). "Cinéma : César 2020, la honte". Vanity Fair (in French). Retrieved 30 March 2020.
160. "Polanski charged with rape". Eugene Register-Guard. (Oregon). UPI. 13 March 1977. p. 10A. Archived from the original on 27 December 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
161. "Film artist charged with rape". Spokesman-Review. (Spokane, Washington). Associated Press. 13 March 1977. p. A5.
162. "The slow-burning Polanski saga". BBC News. 28 September 2009. Archived from the original on 1 October 2009. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
163. "Polanski Pleads Not Guilty in Drug-Rape Case". Los Angeles Times. 16 April 1977. Archived from the original on 27 December 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2009. Movie director Roman Polanski pleaded not guilty Friday to a Los Angeles County Grand Jury indictment charging him with drugging and raping a 13-year-old
164. ^ Romney, Jonathan (5 October 2008). "Roman Polanski: The truth about his notorious sex crime". The Independent. UK. Archived from the original on 30 September 2009. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
165. "California Penal Code § 261.5". Law.onecle.com. 22 February 2013. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
166. ^ Palmer, Brian (28 September 2009). "What's "Unlawful Sexual Intercourse"?". Slate. Archived from the original on 10 October 2009. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
167. Higgins, Alexander G. (19 October 2009). "Court Orders Polanski Kept in Jail". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
168. ^ Deutsch, Linda (22 December 2009). "Polanski loses bid to dismiss rape case". Associated Press.
169. ^ Douglas, Edward. Jack: The Great Seducer, Harper Collins (2004) p. 183
170. "How Roman Polanski Fled Country", Globe UK, March 18, 2003
171. ^ Inverviews in film Roman Polanski: Wanted and Desired
172. "Polanski flees US, misses court date". Milwaukee Journal. AP, UPI. 1 February 1978. p. 1, part 1.
173. "Polanski ducks out on court". Spokesman-Review. (Spokane, Washington). Associated Press. 2 February 1978. p. 5. Archived from the original on 27 December 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
174. "Polanski in Paris; extradition unlikely". Eugene Register-Guard. Associated Press. 2 February 1978. p. 4A. Archived from the original on 27 December 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
175. Toobin, Jeffrey (14 December 2009). "The Celebrity Defense – Sex, fame, and the case of Roman Polanski". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 13 February 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
176. Dyer, Clare (29 September 2009). "How did the law catch up with Roman Polanski?". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 7 September 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
177. Deacon, Michael (29 September 2009). "Roman Polanski: 'Everyone else fancies little girls too'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 2 October 2009. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
178. Kathryn Jean Lopez (5 October 2009). "Imperial Roman". National Review Online. Archived from the original on 8 October 2009. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
179. VanAirsdale, S. T. "Are All These Sex Scandals Turning You On?". Esquire. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
180. Robinson, Eugene (2 October 2009). "Hollywood's Shame". Washington Post. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
181. ^ Ryan, Harriet; Mozingo, Joe (3 October 2009). "Roman Polanski said he'd pay to end victim's lawsuit". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
182. King, Larry (24 February 2003). "Interview With Samantha Geimer". CNN. Archived from the original on 9 August 2009. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
183. Agence France-Presse (27 September 2009). "Polanski arrested in Switzerland: festival organisers". AFP. Archived from the original on 1 October 2009. Retrieved 27 September 2009.
184. "Outcry over Polanski's detention" Archived 29 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine BBC, 28 September 2009.
185. "In Roman Polanski case, is it Hollywood vs. Middle America?" Los Angeles Times, 1 October 2009.
186. "French support softens for Polanski, Hollywood divided" Archived 3 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine Reuters, 1 October 2009.
187. "Politicians face backlash over Polanski" Archived 16 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine Financial Times, 30 September 2009.
188. "Polanski in Poland: National Hero or Disgraced Icon?" Archived 5 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine ABC News, 29 September 2009
189. "Roman Polanski begins house arrest at his Swiss chalet". BBC News. 4 December 2009. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
190. Cumming-Bruce, Nick; Cieply, Michael (12 July 2010). "Swiss Reject U.S. Request to Extradite Polanski". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015.
191. Roman Polanski gets Zurich film festival award after two-year wait The Guardian. 27 Sep 2011. Accessed 15 April 2023.
192. Melley, Brian (9 June 2017). "Roman Polanski's victim asks judge to end 40-year-old case against him". Associated Press. Retrieved 30 March 2020 – via USA Today.
193. "View Red Notices". www.interpol.int. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
194. "Polanski Victim Blames Media" Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine ABC News video, 10 March 2011
195. Cieply, Michael (15 January 2014). "Emails Raising Questions About the Polanski Case". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017.
196. Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (17 January 2014). "Conduct of judge in Roman Polanski statutory rape case questioned". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 20 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
197. "Roman Polanski freed in Poland after US extradition bid". BBC News. 30 October 2014. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
198. Kolanko, Michal & Cieply, Michael (30 October 2015). "Polish Court Turns Down U.S. Request for Roman Polanski's Extradition". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
199. Berendt, Joanna (27 November 2015). "Roman Polanski Will Not Be Extradited to U.S., Poland Says". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
200. Berendt, Joanna (6 December 2016). "Roman Polanski Extradition Request Rejected by Poland's Supreme Court". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
201. "Sąd Najwyższy oddalił kasację Prokuratora Generalnego w sprawie dopuszczalności ekstradycji Romana Polańskiego IV KK 192/16" (in Polish). Supreme Court of the Republic of Poland. 6 December 2016. Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
202. Pulver, Andrew (1 October 2018). "Social media outrage over Roman Polanski film J'Accuse". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
203. "Oscars academy expels Cosby and Polanski". London: BBC News. 3 May 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
204. "Roman Polanski and Samantha Geimer, the woman he abused 45 years ago, meet in Paris and are all smiles". marca.com. 29 April 2023.
205. "Roman Polanski's Wife Interviews His Rape Victim, Who Says: 'I Was Fine. I'm Still Fine.'". 14 April 2023.
206. Dargis, Manohla. "Roman Polanski: Wanted and Desired (2008)" Archived 24 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times movie review, 31 March 2008
207. Goldsmith, Samuel (30 September 2009). "Former DA admits he lied in 'Roman Polanski: Wanted And Desired' film". NYDailyNews. New York. Archived from the original on 3 May 2012.
208. O'Neill, Ann (6 January 2010). "Ex-prosecutor admits he lied about Polanski case". CNN. Archived from the original on 15 October 2010.
209. "Court Rejects Roman Polanski Appeal", CBS News, 21 December 2009
210. "Roman Polanski apologizes to victim in documentary" Archived 4 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine, CNN, 29 September 2011
211. Chrisafis, Angelique (27 February 2011). "Roman Polanski gets Zürich film festival award after two-year wait". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
212. Lyall, Sarah (23 July 2005). "Polanski Wins Vanity Fair Libel Suit". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
213. Spiro, Amy (6 December 2017). "Roman Polanski Files Nis 1.5m. Libel Suit Against Israeli Man". The Jerusalem Post. Jerusalem. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
214. "Director Roman Polanski ordered to testify in suit against Israeli blogger". Retrieved 24 January 2018.
215. Spiro, Amy (24 January 2018). "Herzliya Court: Roman Polanski Must Appear In Person At Trial". The Jerusalem Post. Jerusalem. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
216. "Judge orders Roman Polanski to pay court costs to Israeli journalist after withdrawing libel suit". Haaretz. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
217. "Exclusif – Roman Polanski : 'On essaie de faire de moi un monstre'". Paris Match. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
218. "Roman Polański do Michnika i Kurskiego: Czego ode mnie chcecie? Cokolwiek powiem, będzie jeszcze gorzej". Gazeta Wyborcza (in Polish). Retrieved 8 January 2020.
219. "Polański tłumaczy się na łamach 'Wyborczej', 'Wysokie Obcasy' wydają oświadczenie". onet.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 8 January 2020.
220. "Roman Polanski fails to take down site about sex offenses". Domain Name Wire. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
221. Miller, Julie (19 April 2019). "Roman Polanski Sues Academy Over Expulsion". vanityfair.com. Vanity Fair. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
222. Puente, Maria. "Oscar winner Roman Polanski loses his bid for Academy reinstatement". usatoday.com. USA Today. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
223. AP Archive (30 July 2015). Gloria Allred holds news conference with new alleged victim of Roman Polanski. Retrieved 17 November 2024 – via YouTube.
224. Mumford, Gwilym (23 October 2017). "Roman Polanski accused of sexually assaulting 10-year-old girl in 1975". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017.
225. "Wild Child: Charlotte Lewis full-text interview". La Règle du Jeu. 27 May 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
226. "Exclusif - Roman Polanski : "On essaie de faire de moi un monstre"". parismatch.com (in French). 11 December 2019. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
227. "Polanski to face trial in France for alleged defamation". The Local. 14 September 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
228. Presse, Agence France (14 May 2024). "Roman Polanski acquitted of defamation by French court". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
229. Dalton, Andrew (12 March 2024). "Director Roman Polanski is sued over more allegations of sexual assault of a minor". Associated Press. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
230. Anguiano, Dani (12 March 2024). "Roman Polanski to face civil trial in LA next year for alleged 1973 rape of teen". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
231. "Roman Polanski under investigation by Swiss police over new rape allegations". The Guardian. New York City. Agence France-Presse. 3 October 2017. Archived from the original on 11 November 2017.
232. Mumford, Gwilym (23 October 2017). "Roman Polanski accused of sexually assaulting 10-year-old girl in 1975". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
233. Maddaus, Gene (8 November 2019). "Roman Polanski Accused of Raping French Actress in 1975". Variety. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
234. ""Nóż w wodzie", reż. Roman Polański". Culture.pl (in Polish).
235. "Nóż w wodzie [1961]". Akademia Polskiego Filmu (in Polish).
236. Cantire, Davide (6 July 2022). "'Killers of the Flower Moon': Here is the Italian Release Date of Martin Scorsese's Film!". Everyeye Cinema (in Italian). Retrieved 28 September 2022.
237. Goodfellow, Melanie (25 July 2022). "Italian Producer Luca Barbareschi Unveils Bio-Series Devoted To Bank Of America Founder A.P. Giannini". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 28 September 2022.

Further reading

• Visser, John J. 2008 Satan-el: Fallen Mourning Star (Chapter 5). Covenant People's Books. ISBN 978-0-557-03412-3
• Young, Jordan R. (1987) The Beckett Actor: Jack MacGowran, Beginning to End. Beverly Hills, CA: Moonstone Press ISBN 0-940410-82-6

Further reading

• Bugliosi, Vincent, with Gentry, Kurt, Helter Skelter, The Shocking Story of the Manson Murders, London: Arrow, 1974. ISBN 0-09-997500-9
• Cronin, Paul (2005) Roman Polanski: Interviews, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi. 200p
• Farrow, Mia (1997). What Falls Away: A Memoir, New York: Bantam.
• Feeney, F.X. (text); Duncan, Paul (visual design). (2006). Roman Polanski, Koln: Taschen. ISBN 3-8228-2542-5
• Jacke, Andreas, Roman Polanski—Traumatische Seelenlandschaften, Gießen: Psychosozial-Verlag, 2010. ISBN 978-3-8379-2037-6, ISBN 978-3-8379-2037-6
• Kael, Pauline, 5001 Nights At The Movies, Zenith Books, 1982. ISBN 0-09-933550-6
• King, Greg, Sharon Tate and The Manson Murders, Barricade Books, New York, 2000. ISBN 1-56980-157-6
• Leaming, Barbara (1981). Polanski, The Filmmaker as Voyeur: A Biography. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24985-1.
• Moldes, Diego, Roman Polanski. La fantasía del atormentado, Ediciones JC Clementine, Madrid, 2005. ISBN 84-89564-44-2. (Spanish)
• Parker, John (1994). Polanski. London: Victor Gollancz Ltd. ISBN 0-575-05615-0.

External links

• Roman Polanski at the American Film Institute Catalog
• Roman Polanski at IMDb
• Roman Polanski at the TCM Movie Database
• Roman Polanski's official Web page at the Wayback Machine (archived 6 February 2006)