Kalvarija, Lithuania: Difference between revisions

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			{{about\|the city in southwestern ]\|other uses\|Kalvarija (disambiguation)\|and\|Kalvaria (disambiguation)}}
⚫	{{Infobox ~~Settlement~~ <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement-->
			{{Expand Lithuanian\|topic=geo\|date=January 2022}}
		⚫	{{Infobox settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement-->
	\|name = Kalvarija		\|name = Kalvarija
	\|settlement_type= ~~City~~		\|settlement_type= Town
	\|nickname =		\|nickname =
	\|pushpin_map =Lithuania		\|pushpin_map =Lithuania
	\|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->		\|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
	\|pushpin_map_caption =Location of Kalvarija		\|pushpin_map_caption =Location of Kalvarija
	\|image_shield = Kalvarija COA.~~gif~~		\|image_shield = Kalvarija COA great.svg
	\|image_skyline =Kalvariju baznycia.jpg		\|image_skyline =Kalvariju baznycia.jpg
	\|image_caption = Church in Kalvarija		\|image_caption = Church in Kalvarija
			\|coordinates = {{coord\|54\|25\|0\|N\|23\|13\|0\|E\|region:LT_type:city(5000)\|display=inline,title}}
	\|latd=54\|latm=25\|lats=0\|latNS=N\|longd=23\|longm=13\|longs=0\|longEW=E\|
			\|
	\|coordinates_display= inline,title
	\|coordinates_type = region:LT_type:city(5000)
	\|subdivision_type = ]		\|subdivision_type = ]
	\|subdivision_name = {{LTU}}		\|subdivision_name = {{LTU}}
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	\|subdivision_name1 = ]		\|subdivision_name1 = ]
	\|subdivision_type2 = ]		\|subdivision_type2 = ]
	\|subdivision_name2 = ]		\|subdivision_name2 = ] ]
	\|subdivision_type3 = ]		\|subdivision_type3 = ]
	\|subdivision_name3 = ]		\|subdivision_name3 = ]
	\|subdivision_type4 = ]		\|subdivision_type4 = ]
	\|subdivision_name4 = Kalvarija eldership		\|subdivision_name4 = Kalvarija eldership
	\|subdivision_type6 = ]\|		\|subdivision_type6 = ]\|
	\|subdivision_name6 = ] <br> Kalvarija eldership		\|subdivision_name6 = ] <br> Kalvarija eldership
	\|established_date = 1667		\|established_date = 1667
	\|established_title = First mentioned		\|established_title = First mentioned
	\|established_date2 = 1791		\|established_date2 = 1791
	\|established_title2=Granted ]		\|established_title2=Granted ]
	\|subdivision_name5 =		\|subdivision_name5 =
	\|population_total = 5,~~066~~		\|population_total = 3,971
	\|population_as_of = ~~2005~~		\|population_as_of = 2021
	\|timezone=]		\|timezone=]
	\|utc_offset=+2		\|utc_offset=+2
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	}}		}}

	'''Kalvarija''' (~~''Polish'': Kalwaria~~) is a ~~city~~ in southwestern ], located in the ].		'''Kalvarija''' ({{pronunciation\|Kalvarija.ogg}}) is a town in southwestern ], located in the ], close to the border with ]. It is the administrative seat and largest town of ].

			==Etymology and names==
			Variants of the name include Kalvarijos, Kalvariya, Kalwarja,<ref>] - Kalvarija (54° 24' 00" N, 023° 14' 00" E). Accessed 2009-11-19.</ref> ]: קאלװאריע (Kalvarye), Kalwaria (]), Kalvarien (]), Calvaria, Kalvaria, Kalwariya, and Kalwarya.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Kalvarija, Lithuania\|url=http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~shtetm~-2615230\|publisher=Jewishgen.org\|access-date=2009-11-19}}</ref> The town is named so because it was established in the 17th century as ].

	==History==		==History==
			]]]
			] from the 18th century]]
		⚫	In 1705 the first wooden church was built. In 1713, local Jews received permission from ] to build a synagogue and Jewish craftsmen were first permitted to practice their crafts without having to be members of the craft guilds. In 1791 ] recognized that Kalvarija had the right to ] and confirmed the municipality's coat of arms. 1840 saw the construction of a new Catholic church, which still stands today. Kalvarija developed rapidly when the new ]–] road was constructed toward the end of the 19th century. By the outbreak of ], Kalvarija had over 10,000 inhabitants; the destruction of two-thirds of the town during the war caused the ]. The city was the site of a ] in 1915, during ].

			During ], Kalvarija was under ] occupation from 22 June 1941 until 1 August 1944.<ref></ref> It was administered as a part of the '']'' of '']''. In 1941, a mass execution of 38 Jews of the city was perpetrated by Gestapo soldiers and Lithuanian policemen.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.holocaustatlas.lt/EN/#a_atlas/search/vcntfr=0.vcntto=500/page/6/item/82/\|title = Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania}}</ref>
⚫	In 1705 the first wooden church was built. In 1713, local Jews received permission from ] to build a synagogue and Jewish craftsmen were first permitted to practice their crafts without having to be members of the craft guilds. In 1791 ] recognized that Kalvarija had the right to ] and confirmed the municipality's coat of arms. Kalvarija developed rapidly when the new ]–] road was constructed at the ~~beginning~~ of the 19th century~~. 1840 saw the construction of a new Catholic church, which still stands today~~. By the outbreak of ], Kalvarija had over 10,000 inhabitants; the destruction of two-thirds of the town during the war caused the population to decline.


	==International relations==		==International relations==
	{{~~Main~~\|List of twin towns and sister cities in Lithuania}}		{{See also\|List of twin towns and sister cities in Lithuania}}

	===Twin towns — Sister cities===		===Twin towns — Sister cities===
		⚫	Kalvarija is ] with:
			* {{flagicon\|ITA}} ] (formerly Pieve D’Alpago) in ]
		⚫	* {{flagicon\|POL}} ] in ]
			* {{flagicon\|HUN}} ] in ]

			== See also ==
⚫	Kalvarija is ] with:
			* ]

			==References==
⚫	* {{~~Flagicon~~\|~~Poland~~}} ] in ]
			;Notes
			{{reflist\|colwidth=30em}}

	==External links==		==External links==
	{{commons ~~cat~~\|Kalvarija}}		{{commons category\|Kalvarija}}
	*		*

	{{Marijampole County}}		{{Marijampole County}}

			{{Authority control}}

			]
	]		]
	]		]
			]
			]
			]

	{{~~Lithuania~~-geo-stub}}		{{MarijampolėCounty-geo-stub}}

	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]

Latest revision as of 22:50, 16 December 2024

This article is about the city in southwestern Lithuania. For other uses, see Kalvarija (disambiguation) and Kalvaria (disambiguation).

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Town in Suvalkija, Lithuania

Kalvarija
Town
Church in Kalvarija
Coat of arms
KalvarijaLocation of Kalvarija
Coordinates: 54°25′0″N 23°13′0″E / 54.41667°N 23.21667°E / 54.41667; 23.21667
Country	Lithuania
Ethnographic region	Suvalkija
County	Marijampolė County
Municipality	Kalvarija Municipality
Eldership	Kalvarija eldership
Capital of	Kalvarija Municipality Kalvarija eldership
First mentioned	1667
Granted town rights	1791
Population
• Total	3,971
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)

Kalvarija (pronunciation) is a town in southwestern Lithuania, located in the Marijampolė County, close to the border with Poland. It is the administrative seat and largest town of Kalvarija Municipality.

Etymology and names

Variants of the name include Kalvarijos, Kalvariya, Kalwarja, Yiddish: קאלװאריע (Kalvarye), Kalwaria (Polish), Kalvarien (German), Calvaria, Kalvaria, Kalwariya, and Kalwarya. The town is named so because it was established in the 17th century as a shrine commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus.

History

In 1705 the first wooden church was built. In 1713, local Jews received permission from King August II to build a synagogue and Jewish craftsmen were first permitted to practice their crafts without having to be members of the craft guilds. In 1791 Stanisław August Poniatowski recognized that Kalvarija had the right to call itself a town and confirmed the municipality's coat of arms. 1840 saw the construction of a new Catholic church, which still stands today. Kalvarija developed rapidly when the new St. Petersburg–Warsaw road was constructed toward the end of the 19th century. By the outbreak of World War I, Kalvarija had over 10,000 inhabitants; the destruction of two-thirds of the town during the war caused the population decline. The city was the site of a battle in 1915, during World War I.

During World War II, Kalvarija was under German occupation from 22 June 1941 until 1 August 1944. It was administered as a part of the Generalbezirk Litauen of Reichskommissariat Ostland. In 1941, a mass execution of 38 Jews of the city was perpetrated by Gestapo soldiers and Lithuanian policemen.

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Kalvarija is twinned with:

Alpago (formerly Pieve D’Alpago) in Italy
Kalwaria Zebrzydowska in Poland
Ráckeve in Hungary

References

Notes

United States Board on Geographic Names - Kalvarija (54° 24' 00" N, 023° 14' 00" E). Accessed 2009-11-19.
"Kalvarija, Lithuania". Jewishgen.org. Retrieved 2009-11-19.
Освобождение городов
"Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania".

External links

“Kalvarija” - Encyclopedia of Jewish Communities in Lithuania

v t e Marijampolė County
Municipalities	Kalvarija Kazlų Rūda Marijampolė Šakiai Vilkaviškis
Cities	Gelgaudiškis Kalvarija Kazlų Rūda Kudirkos Naumiestis Kybartai Marijampolė Šakiai Vilkaviškis Virbalis
Towns	Bartninkai Barzdai Daukšiai Gražiškiai Griškabūdis Gudeliai Igliškėliai Keturvalakiai Kriūkai Lekėčiai Liudvinavas Lukšiai Pilviškiai Sasnava Sintautai Šunskai Vištytis Žemoji Panemunė Žvirgždaičiai
Villages	Antanavas Burgaičiai Dailučiai Galiniai Igliauka Karkliniai Kretkampis Meiliūnai Mockava Ožkabaliai Sudargas Varnupiai

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