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{{short description|Indian actor, director, playwright (1929–1993)}}
{{Infobox actor
{{More citations needed|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Utpal Dutt |name = Utpal Dutt
|image = Utpal Dutt (1929-1993) actor.jpg |other_names = Utpal Dutt
|image = Utpal Dutt 2013 stamp of India.jpg
|imagesize = 150px
|caption = |image_size =
|caption = Dutt on a 2013 stamp of India
|birthname =
|birth_name =
|birthdate ={{Birth date |1929|03|29|mf=yes}}
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1929|03|29}}
|location =], ], ]
|birth_place = ], ], ]<br/>(now ], ])
|deathdate ={{Death date and age|1993|08|19|1929|03|29|mf=yes}}
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1993|08|19|1929|03|29}}
|deathplace =], ], ]
|death_place = ], ], ]
|height =
|occupation = Actor, director, playwright |height =
|occupation = Actor, director, writer-playwright
|works = ]
|yearsactive =1950-1993
|awards = ]
|homepage =
|yearsactive = 1947–1993
|nationalfilmawards =''']''' <br /> 1970 ]
|website =
|filmfareawards=''']''' </br>1980 '']''<br /> 1982 ]</br>1984 ''Rang Birangi''
|spouse =Shobha Sen |spouse = {{marriage|]|1960}}
|children = ] |children = Bishnupriya Dutta
}} }}
'''Utpal Dutt''' (]: উত্পল দত্ত) (29 March 1929 – 19 August 1993) was an ]n actor, director and writer-playwright. He was primarily an actor in ], where he became a pioneering figure in Modern ], when he founded the 'Little Theater Group' in 1947, which enacted many English, ] and Brecht plays, in a period now known as the 'Epic theater' period, before emersing itself completely in highly political and radical theatre. His plays became apt vehicle of the expression for his Marxist ideologies, visible in socio-political plays like, ''Kallol'' (1965), ''Manusher Adhikar'', ''Louha Manob'' (1964), ''Tiner Toloar'' and ''Maha-Bidroha''. He also acted over 100 ] and ] films in his career spanning 40 years, and remains most known for his roles in films like, ]’s '']'' (1969), ]’s '']'' (1991) and ]’s '']'' (1993) and in breezy Hindi comedies like '']'' (1980) and '']'' (1983)<ref name=ut> ], Jul 3, 2009.</ref><ref name=uti> Shoma A Chatterji, ], 20 August 2004.</ref><ref> ], Volume 18 - Issue 12, Jun. 09 - 22, 2001.</ref><ref name=te> ], 26 August 2006.</ref>.


'''Utpal Dutt''' ({{audio|Bn-উৎপল দত্ত.oga|listen}}; 29 March 1929 – 19 August 1993) was an Indian actor, director, and writer-playwright. He was primarily an actor in ], where he became a pioneering figure in Modern ], when he founded the "Little Theatre Group" in 1949. This group enacted many English, ] and ] plays, in a period now known as the "Epic theatre" period, before it immersed itself completely in highly political and radical theatre. His plays became an apt vehicle for the expression of his Marxist ideologies, visible in socio-political plays such as ''Kallol'' (1965), ''Manusher Adhikar'', ''Louha Manob'' (1964), ''Tiner Toloar'' and ''Maha-Bidroha''. He also acted in over 100 ] and ] films in a career spanning 40 years, and remains most known for his roles in films such as ]’s '']'' (1969), ]’s '']'' (1991), ]’s '']'' (1992) and ]'s breezy Hindi comedies such as '']'' (1979) and '']'' (1983).<ref name=ut> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708090426/http://www.livemint.com/2009/07/03220356/Inside-the-actor8217s-mind.html |date=8 July 2009 }} ], 3 July 2009.</ref><ref name=uti>{{dead link|date=November 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Shoma A Chatterji, ], 20 August 2004.</ref><ref>{{usurped|}} ], Volume 18 – Issue 12, 9–22 Jun 2001.</ref><ref name=te> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023163613/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060826/asp/calcutta/story_6659630.asp |date=23 October 2012 }} ], 26 August 2006.</ref> He also did the role of a sculptor, Sir Digindra Narayan, in the episode ''Seemant Heera'' of ] on ] in 1993, shortly before his death.
He received ] in 1970 and three ]s. In 1990, the ], India's National Academy of Music, Dance and Theatre, awarded him its highest award the ] for lifetime contribution to theatre.


He received ] in 1970 and three ]s. In 1990, the ], India's National Academy of Music, Dance and Theatre, awarded him its highest award, the ] for lifetime contribution to theatre.
== Early life and education==


==Early life and education==
Born in ], ] (now in ]), his father was Girijaranjan Dutta. He studied initially at St. Edmunds School in ] and later completed his Matriculation in 1945 from ], ]. In 1949, he graduated with English Literature Honours from the ], ] <ref> Calcutta Web.</ref>.

Utpal Dutta was born into a Bengali family on 29 March 1929 in ]. His father was Girijaranjan Dutta. After initial schooling at ], he completed Matriculation from ], ] in 1945.<ref name=inde>{{cite web|url=https://go4gkgreatindians.blogspot.com/2013/03/utpal-dutt.html|title=Go 4 GK Great Indians: Utpal Dutt|access-date=30 August 2024}}</ref> He graduated with English Literature Honours from ], ] in 1949.<ref name=index>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-utpal-dutt-1462531.html |title=Obituary: Utpal Dutt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022201827/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-utpal-dutt-1462531.html |archive-date=22 October 2017 |work=] |date=21 August 1993 |access-date=23 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Banerji |first1=Arnab |title=Rehearsals for a Revolution: The Political Theater of Utpal Dutt |journal=University of Georgia |date=2012 |volume=34 |pages=222–230 |url=https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=thea_fac |access-date=23 June 2023}}</ref>


==Career== ==Career==


Though he was active primarily in Bengali theatre, he started his career in English theatre. As a teenager in the 1940s, he developed his passion and craft in English theatre, which resulted in the establishment of 'The Shakespeareans', in 1947. Its first performance was a powerful production of Shakespeare's ], with Dutt playing the king, this so impressed ] and Laura Kendal (parents of the actress ]), who led the itinerant 'Shakespeareana Theatre Company', that they immediately hired him and he did two year-long tours with them across India and Pakistan, enacting Shakespeare's plays, first 1947–49 and later 1953–54; and was acclaimed for his passionate portrayal of ]. After the Geofferys left India for the first time in 1949, Utpal Dutt renamed his group as 'Little Theatre Group' (LTG), and over the next three years, continued to perform and produce in plays by Ibsen, Shaw, Tagore, Gorky and Konstantin Simonov. The group later decided to exclusively stage Bengali plays, to eventually evolve into a production company as it produced several Bengali movies. by founding The Shakespeareans in 1947. Its first performance was a powerful production of Richard III, with Dutt playing the king. He so impressed Geoffrey and Laura Kendal (parents of the actress Felicity Kendal) of the itinerant Shakespeareana Theatre Company, that he was immediately hired and did two year-long tours with them across India and Pakistan, enacting Shakespeare's plays. He also remained an active member of '']'', which performed through rural areas of West Bengal.<ref> ''The Columbia encyclopedia of modern drama, Volume 1'', by Gabrielle H. Cody, Evert Sprinchorn. ], 2007. ISBN 0231144229. ''Page 382-383''.</ref>. Though he was active primarily in Bengali theatre, he started his career in English theatre. As a teenager in the 1940s, he developed his passion and craft in English theatre, which resulted in the establishment of "The Shakespeareans" in 1947. Its first performance was a powerful production of Shakespeare's ], with Dutt playing the king. This so impressed ] and Laura Kendal (parents of the actress ]), who led the itinerant "Shakespeareana Theatre Company", that they immediately hired him, and he did two year-long tours with them across India and Pakistan, enacting Shakespeare's plays, first 1947–49 and later 1953–54; and was acclaimed for his passionate portrayal of ]. After the Kendals left India for the first time in 1949, Utpal Dutt renamed his group the "Little Theatre Group" (LTG), and over the next three years, continued to perform and produce plays by Ibsen, Shaw, Tagore, Gorky and Konstantin Simonov. The group later decided to stage exclusively Bengali plays and to eventually evolve into a production company that would produce several Bengali movies. He also remained an active member of '']'', which performed through rural areas of West Bengal.<ref> ''The Columbia encyclopedia of modern drama, Volume 1'', by Gabrielle H. Cody, Evert Sprinchorn. ], 2007. {{ISBN|0231144229}}. ''Page 382-383''.</ref>


He was also a founding member of ] (IPTA), an organization known for its leftist leaning, but left it after a couple of years, when he started his theatre group. He wrote and directed what he called "Epic Theatre" , a term he borrowed from ], to bring about discussion and change in Bengal. His Brecht Society formed in 1948, was presided by Satyajit Ray. He became one of the most influential personalities in the Group Theater movement. While he accepting Brecht's belief of audience being "co-authors" of the theatre, he rejected orthodoxies of 'Epic theatre' as being impractical in India <ref name=the>''Theatres of independence: drama, theory, and urban performance in India since 1947:Studies in theatre history and culture'' by Aparna Bhargava Dharwadker. University of Iowa Press, 2005. ISBN 0877459614. ''Page 114''</ref>. He also remained a teacher of English at the ] in Kolkata. He was also a founding member of ] (IPTA), an organisation known for its leftist leaning, but left it after a couple of years, when he started his theatre group. He wrote and directed what he called "Epic Theatre", a term he borrowed from ], to bring about discussion and change in Bengal. His Brecht Society, formed in 1948, was presided by Satyajit Ray. He became one of the most influential personalities in the Group Theatre movement. While accepting Brecht's belief of the audience being "co-authors" of the theatre, he rejected orthodoxies of "Epic theatre" as being impractical in India.<ref name=the>''Theatres of independence: drama, theory, and urban performance in India since 1947:Studies in theatre history and culture'' by Aparna Bhargava Dharwadker. University of Iowa Press, 2005. {{ISBN|0-87745-961-4}}. ''Page 114''</ref> He also remained a teacher of English at the ] in Kolkata.


Soon he would turn to his native ] producing translations of several Shakespearean tragedies and the works of Russian classicists into Bengali. Starting 1954, he wrote and directed controversial Bengali political plays, and also ]`s Lower Depths in Bengali in 1957. In 1959, the LTG secured the lease of ], where most notably ''Angar'' (Fire) (1959), based on the exploitation of coal-miners was showcased. For the next decade the group staged several plays here, with him as an impresario, and still remembered as one last pioneering actor-managers of ]. He also formed groups like ''Arjo Opera'' and ''Bibek Yatra Samaj''.<ref name=inde/> Soon he would turn to his native ], producing translations of several Shakespearean tragedies and the works of Russian classicists into Bengali. Starting in 1954, he wrote and directed controversial Bengali political plays, and also ]'s ''Lower Depths'' in Bengali in 1957. In 1959, the LTG secured the lease of ], where most notably ''Angar'' (Coal) (1959), based on the exploitation of coal-miners was showcased. For the next decade the group staged several plays here, with him as an impresario, and he still is remembered as one of the last pioneering actor-managers of ]. He also formed groups like ''Arjo Opera'' and ''Bibek Yatra Samaj''.<ref name=inde/>


Meanwhile, his transition to films happened when while they were performing role of ], which famous filmmaker Madhu Bose happened to watch and gave him the lead in his film, ''Michael Madhusudan'' (1950), based on the life of the Indo-Anglian poet ]. Later, he himself, wrote a play on the fragmented colonial psyche and Michael Madhusudan Dutt, and the ambivalence of swaying between "colonial" admiration and "anti-colonial" revolt. He went on to act in many ] films, including many films by ] <ref name=uti/>. Meanwhile, his transition to films happened while performing the role of ], when famous filmmaker Madhu Bose happened to be watching, and gave him the lead in his film ''Michael Madhusudan'' (1950), based on the life of the revolutionary Indian poet ]. Later, he himself wrote a play on the fragmented colonial psyche of Michael Madhusudan Dutt, and the ambivalence of swaying between "colonial" admiration and "anti-colonial" revolt. He went on to act in many ] films, including many films by ].<ref name=uti/>


Dutt was also an extremely famous comic actor in ]s, though he acted only in a handful of Hindi cinemas. He acted in the comedy movies, most notable ones being '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'' and '']''. He received ] for ''Golmaal'', ''Naram Garam'' and ''Rang Birangi''. In ], he appeared in '']'' for which he was awarded the ] for Best Actor, ''Ek Adhuri Kahani'' and ''Chorus'', all by ]; '']'', '']'', '']'' and '']'', by ]; ''Paar'' and '']'', by ]; '']'', '']'', and '']'', by ]; '']'', by ]; '']'', by ]; '']'' and '']'', directed by ] and '']'' by ]. Dutt was also an extremely famous comic actor in ], though he acted in only a handful of Hindi films. He acted in comedy movies, the most notable ones being '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'' and '']''. He received ] for ''Golmaal'', ''Naram Garam'' and ''Rang Birangi''. He appeared in '']'', (for which he was awarded the ] for Best Actor), ''Ek Adhuri Kahani'' and ''Chorus'', all by ]; '']'', '']'', '']'' and '']'', by ]; ''Paar'' and '']'', by ]; '']'', '']'', and '']'', by ]; '']'', by ]; '']'', '']'' and '']'' by ]; '']'', '']'' and '']'' directed by ] and '']'', '']'' and '']'' by ].


Utpal Dutt also played the main villain characters in some of the major successful ] starrers such as ], ] and the bilingual Hindi/Bangla movie ]. In fact, Utpal Dutt was the Hero (main lead) in Amitabh Bachchan's maiden venture ].
He balanced successful parallel careers as an extremely serious theatre playwright and director in Bengal alongside doing hilariously comic roles in Hindi cinema. He is the greatest dramatist in progressive Bengali theatre of 20th century.


{{Quote_box| width=20%|align=right|quote="Revolutionary theatre is essentially people's theatre, which means it must be played before the masses,.."|source=Utpal Dutt<ref name=the/>|}} {{Quote box| width=20%|align=right|quote="Revolutionary theatre is essentially people's theatre, which means it must be played before the masses,.."|source=Utpal Dutt<ref name=the/>|}}
Dutt was also a lifelong Marxist and an active supporter of the Communist Party, ] or Communist Party of India Marxist<ref>{{citenews |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/poll-bound-bengal-turns-to-artistes/351483/|title=Poll-bound Bengal turns to artistes |date= 11 March 2009|author=Saubhadro Chatterji|publisher= ]|accessdate=13 March 2009}}</ref>, and his leftist "Revolutionary Theater" was a phenomenon in the contemporary Bengali theater. He staged many street dramas in favour of the Communist Party. He was jailed by the ] government in West Bengal in 1965 and detained for several months, as the then state government feared the subversive message of his play ''Kallol'' (Sound of the Waves), based on the ] of 1946, which ran packed shows at Calcutta's Minerva Theatre, might provoke anti-government protests in West Bengal, the play turned out to be his longest-running play at the Minerva. ''Manusher Adhikare'' (Of People's Rights) in 1968, staged as documentary drama was new genre in ] before, though it turned out to be his last production of the group at the Minerva, as they soon left the theatre. Thereafter, the group was given the name, 'People's Little Theatre' as it took on yet another new direction, his work came closer to people, and this phase played an important role in popularizing Indian street theatre, as he started performing at street-corners or `poster` plays, in open spaces without any aid or embellishment before enormous crowds. The year also marked his transition into '']'' or ''Yatra Pala'', a Bengali folk drama form, performed largely across rural West Bengal. He started writing Jatra scripts, produced and acted in them, even formed his own Jatra troupe. His jatra political dramas, were often produced on open-air stages and symbolized his commitment to communist ideology and today form his lasting legacy <ref>''Rehearsals of revolution: the political theater of Bengal'', by Rustom Bharucha. University of Hawaii Press, 1984. ISBN 0824808452. ''Page 55''.</ref>. Dutt was also a lifelong Marxist and an active supporter of the ],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/poll-bound-bengal-turns-to-artistes/351483/|title=Poll-bound Bengal turns to artistes|date=11 March 2009|author=Saubhadro Chatterji|publisher=]|access-date=13 March 2009|archive-date=16 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316143816/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/poll-bound-bengal-turns-to-artistes/351483/|url-status=live}}</ref> and his leftist "Revolutionary Theatre" was a phenomenon in the contemporary Bengali theatre. He staged many street dramas in favour of the Communist Party. He was jailed by the ] government in West Bengal in 1965 and detained for several months, as the then state government feared that the subversive message of his play ''Kallol'' (Sound of the Waves), (based on the ] of 1946, which ran packed shows at Calcutta's Minerva Theatre), might provoke anti-government protests in West Bengal. The play turned out to be his longest-running play at the Minerva. ''Manusher Adhikare'' (Of People's Rights) in 1968, staged as a documentary drama, was a new genre in ] before, though it turned out to be his last production of the group at the Minerva, as they soon left the theatre. Thereafter, the group was given the name the "People's Little Theatre"; as it took on yet another new direction, his work came closer to the people, and this phase played an important role in popularising Indian street theatre, as he started performing at street-corners or "poster" plays, in open spaces, without any aid or embellishment, before enormous crowds. The year also marked his transition into '']'' or ''Yatra Pala'', a Bengali folk drama form, performed largely across rural West Bengal. He started writing Jatra scripts, produced and acted in them, even formed his own Jatra troupe. His jatra political dramas were often produced on open-air stages and symbolised his commitment to communist ideology, and today form his lasting legacy.<ref>''Rehearsals of revolution: the political theater of Bengal'', by Rustom Bharucha. University of Hawaii Press, 1984. {{ISBN|0-8248-0845-2}}. ''Page 55''.</ref>


Through the 1970s three of his plays, ''Barricade'', ''Dusswapner Nagari'' (City of Nightmares), ''Ebaar Rajar Pala'' (Enter the King), drew crowds despite being officially banned <ref name=ut/><ref name=inde/><ref> ], 25 November 1965.</ref><ref> ].</ref>. Through the 1970s three of his plays; ''Barricade'', ''Dusswapner Nagari'' (City of Nightmares) and ''Ebaar Rajar Pala'' (Now it is the King's turn), drew crowds despite being officially banned.<ref name=ut/><ref name=inde/><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022150955/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0E13FC3F5A157A93C7AB178AD95F418685F9 |date=22 October 2012 }} ], 25 November 1965.</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214120728/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/174687/Utpal-Dutt |date=14 February 2009 }} ].</ref>


He wrote ''Louha Manab'' (Iron Man), 1964 while still in jail, based on a real trial against a pro-Stalin, ex-Politburo member by ]ites in Moscow of 1963. First staged at ] in 1965, by People’s Little Theatre. His stay in jail unleashed a new period of rebellious, and politically charged plays, including ''Tiner Toloar'' (The Tin Sword), partially based on '']'', ''Dushapner Nagari'' (Nightmare City), ''Manusher Odhikare'' (Rights Of Man), based on the ] case, protests against the racial discrimination and injustice of the ] trial of 1931, ''Surya-Shikar'' (Hunting the Sun) (1978), ''Maha-Bidroha'' (The Great Rebellion) (1989), and ''Laal Durgo'' (Red Fort) (1990) (The Red Goddess of Destruction) about the demise of Communism, set in a fictitious East European country, and ''Janatar Aphim'' (Opiate of the People), (1990) lamented on Indian political parties exploiting religion for gain <ref name=te/>. In all, he wrote twenty-two full-length plays, fifteen poster plays, nineteen ] scripts, acted in thousands of shows, and directed more than sixty productions., apart from writing serious studies of Shakespeare, Girish Ghosh, Stanislavsky, Brecht, and revolutionary theatre, and translating Shakespeare and Brecht. He wrote ''Louha Manab'' (The Iron Man), in 1964 while still in jail, based on a real trial against a pro-Stalin, ex-Politburo member by supporters of ] in Moscow of 1963. It was first staged at ] in 1965, by the People's Little Theatre. His stay in jail unleashed a new period of rebellious and politically charged plays, including ''Tiner Toloar'' (The Tin Sword), partially based on '']'', ''Dushapner Nagari'' (Nightmare City), ''Manusher Odhikare'' (Rights Of Man), based on the ] case, protests against the racial discrimination and injustice of the ] trial of 1931, ''Surya-Shikar'' (Hunting the Sun) (1978), ''Maha-Bidroha'' (The Great Rebellion) (1989), and ''Laal Durgo'' (Red Fort) (1990) about the demise of Communism, set in a fictitious East European country, and ''Janatar Aphim'' (Opiate of the People), (1990) lamented on Indian political parties exploiting religion for gain.<ref name=te/> In all, he wrote twenty-two full-length plays, fifteen poster plays, nineteen Jatra scripts, acted in thousands of shows, and directed more than sixty productions, apart from writing serious studies of Shakespeare, Girish Ghosh, Stanislavsky, Brecht, and revolutionary theatre, and translating Shakespeare and Brecht.


He also directed a number of films like, ''Megh'' (1961) a psychological thriller, ''Ghoom Bhangar Gaan'' (1965), ''Jhar'' (Storm) (1979) based on the Young Bengal movement, ''Baisakhi Megh'' (1981), ''Maa'' (1983) and ''Inquilab Ke Baad'' (1984). He also directed a number of films such as ''Megh'' (1961), a psychological thriller, ''Ghoom Bhangar Gaan'' (1965), ''Jhar'' (Storm) (1979), based on the Young Bengal movement, ''Baisakhi Megh'' (1981), ''Maa'' (1983) and ''Inquilab Ke Baad'' (1984).

Dutt died in ], ] on 19 August 1993 <ref name=inde> ], 21 August 1993.</ref>.


==Legacy== ==Legacy==
]
Forty years after the staging of the classic play ''Kallol'' which entails the story of the mutiny of Indian sailors against the British on the Arabian Sea, for which he was even imprisoned, was revived in 2005, as ''Gangabokshe Kallol'', part of the state-funded "Utpal Dutt Natyotsav" (Utpal Dutt Theatre Festival), on an off-shore stage, by the ] in Kolkata.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023163557/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051105/asp/calcutta/story_5437423.asp |date=23 October 2012 }} ], 5 November 2005.</ref>


'']'', the 2007 English film based on his play ''Aajker Shahjahan'', on an eccentric ]an actor, and directed for the screen by ], later won the ].
Forty years after the staging of classic play ''Kallol'' which entails the story as the mutiny of Indian sailors against the British on the Arabian Sea, for which he was even imprisoned, was revived in 2005, as ''Gangabokshe Kallol'', part of the state-funded 'Utpal Dutt Natyotsav' (Utpal Dutt Theatre Festival) on an off-shore stage, by the ] in Kolkata <ref> ], 5 November 2005.</ref>.

'']'', the 2007 English film based on his play ''Aajker Shahjahan'' on an eccentric ]an actor, and directed for the screen by ], later won the ] for ].


==Personal life== ==Personal life==
In 1960, Dutt married theatre and film actress Shobha Sen. Their only daughter, Bishnupriya Dutt, is a Professor of Theatre history in the School of Arts and Aesthetics at ], ].<ref> ], Oct 26, 2007.</ref> In 1960, Dutt married theatre and film actress ]. Their only daughter, Bishnupriya Dutt, is a professor of Theatre & Performance studies at the School of Arts & Aesthetics at ], ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107142958/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/10/26/stories/2007102650700200.htm |date=7 November 2012 }}, '']'', 26 October 2007.</ref>

==Death==
On 19 August 1993,<ref name="inde" /> Dutt died due to a heart attack right after he returned home from the S.S.K.M hospital, ], West Bengal where he had undergone dialysis.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/misc.news.southasia/ccE02KV2j2k |title=Google Groups |access-date=23 December 2015 |archive-date=27 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927164018/https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/misc.news.southasia/ccE02KV2j2k |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Awards and recognition== ==Awards and recognition==
* 1990 ] for lifetime contribution to theatre
* 1970: ]: '']''
*{{Awards
* 1980: ]: '']''
* 1982: ]: '']'' | award = ]
| year = 1970
* 1984: ]: '']''
| title = ]
* 1990: ]
| role = Bhuvan Shome
* 1993: ]: ]: '']''
| name = Won
}}

*{{Awards
| award = ]
| year = 1980
| title = ]
| role = Bhawani Shankar
| name = Won
| year2 = 1982
| title2 = ]
| role2 = Bhavani Shankar
| year3 = 1984
| title3 = ]
| role3 = Police Inspector Dhurandhar Bhatawdekar
}}
*{{Awards
| award = ]: Best Actor Award
| year = 1993
| title = ]
| role = Manomohan Mitra
| name = Won
}}
*{{Awards
| award = ]
| year = 1975
| title = ]
| role = Mahim Ghoshal
| year2 = 1980
| title2 = ]
| role2 = Bhawani Shankar
| name = Nominated
| year3 = 1986
| title3 = ]
| role3 = Badri Prasad Sharma
}}


==Filmography== ==Filmography==
This is an incomplete filmography of Utpal Dutt. This is an incomplete filmography of Utpal Dutt.
{{Div col}}

* '']'' (1950)
* '']'' (2007) (story - based on Aajker Sajahan, by Dutt )
* ''Mera Damad'' (1995) * '']'' (1950)
* '']'' (1993) * '']'' (1954)
* '']'' (1991) * '']'' (1955)
* '']'' (1991) * '']'' (1956)
* ''Path-o-Prasad'' (1991) * '']'' (1956)
* ''Jawani Zindabad'' (1990) * '']'' (1957)
* '']'' (1961) (voice)
* ''Mera Pati Sirf Mera Hai'' (1990)
* ''Bahurani'' (1989) * '']'' (1962)
* ''Mahaveera'' (1988) * '']'' (1963)
* '']'' (1988) * '']'' (1963)
* ''Pyaar Ke Kabil'' (1987) * '']'' (1964)
* '']'' (1987) * '']'' (1965)
* ''Aap Ke Saath'' (1986) * '']'' (1968)
* '']'' (1986) * '']'' (1969)
* ''Kirayadar'' (1986) * '']'' (1969)
* ''Main Balwan'' (1986) * '']'' (1969)
* ''Pathbhola'' (1986)
* ''Sadaa Suhagan'' (1986)
* ''Saaheb'' (1985)
* ''Aar Paar'' (1985) aka ''Anyay Abhchar''
* ''Ulta Seedha'' (1985)
* ''Love Marriage'' (1984)
* ''John Jani Janardhan'' (1984)
* ''Lakhon Ki Baat'' (1984)
* '']'' (1984)
* ''Paar'' (1984)
* ''Yeh Desh'' (1984)
* ''Achha Bura'' (1983)
* '']'' (1983)
* ''Kissi Se Na Kehna'' (1983)
* ''Pasand Apni Apni'' (1983)
* ''Shubh Kaamna'' (1983)
* ''Raaste Pyar Ke'' (1982)
* ''Hamari Bahu Alka'' (1982)
* ''Angoor'' (1982)
* ''Agni Pareeksha'' (1981)
* ''Naram Garam'' (1981)
* ''Barsaat Ki Ek Raat'' (1981) aka Anusandhan (]: ] title)
* ''Chaalchitra'' (1981)
* ''Meghmukti'' (1981)
* ''Shaukeen'' (1981)
* ''Agreement'' (1980)
* '']'' (1980)
* '']'' (1980)
* ''Apne Paraye'' (1980)
* '']'' (1980)
* ''Ram Balram'' (1980)
* ''Kartavya'' (1979)
* '']'' (1979)
* '']'' (1979)
* ''Jhor'' (1979)
* ''Prem Vivah'' (1979)
* ''Atithee'' (1978)
* '']'' (1978)
* '']'' (1978)
* ''Kotwal Saab'' (1977)
* ''Yehi Hai Zindagi'' (1977)
* ''Immaan Dharam'' (1977)
* '']'' (1977)
* '']'' (1977)
* ''Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaaye'' (1977)
* ''Farishta Ya Qatil'' (1977)
* '']'' (1977)
* ''Priyatama'' (1977)
* '']'' (1978)
* '']'' (1978)
* '']'' (1977)
* '']'' (1976)
* ''Datta'' (1976)
* ''Do Anjaane'' (1976)
* ''Santan'' (1976)
* ''Seyi Chokh'' (1976)
* ''Shaque'' (1976)
* '']'' (1975)
* '']'' (1975) (as Utpall Dutt)
* '']'' (1975)
* '']'' (1975)
* ''Asati'' (1974)
* '']'' (1974)
* ''Jukti, Takko Aar Gappo'' (1974)
* ''Mr. Romeo'' (1974)
* ''Thagini'' (1974)
* ''Honeymoon'' (1973)
* ''Marjina Abdulla'' (1973)
* '']'' (1973)
* ''Ek Adhuri Kahani'' (1972)
* ''Mere Jeevan Saathi'' (1972)
* ''Sabse Bada Sukh'' (1972)
* '']'' (1971)
* '']'' (1971)
* ''Khunjey Berai'' (1971)
* '']'' (1970) * '']'' (1970)
* ''Kalankita Nayak'' (1970) * '']'' (1970)
* '']'' (1969) * '']'' (1971)
* '']'' (1969) * '']'' (1971)
* '']'' (1969) * '']'' (1971)
* '']'' (1968) * '']'' (1972)
* '']'' (1972)
* ''Shakespeare-Wallah'' (1965)
* ''Momer Alo'' (1964) * '']'' (1972)
* ''Shesh Anka'' (1963) * '']'' (1973)
* ''Surya Sikha'' (1963) * '']'' (1973)
* ''Rakta Palash'' (1962) * '']'' (1973)
* '']'' (1961) (voice) * '']'' (1974)
* '']'' (1957) * '']'' (1974)
* '']'' (1974)
* ''Subhalagna'' (1956)
* ''Vikram Urvashi'' (1954) * '']'' (1974)
* ''Michael Madhusudhan'' (1950) * '']'' (1974)
* ''Vidyasagar'' (1950) * '']'' (1975)
* '']'' (1975)
* '']'' (1975)
* '']'' (1975)
* '']'' (1976)
* '']'' (1976)
* '']'' (1976)
* '']'' (1976)
* '']'' (1976)
* '']'' (1976)
* '']'' (1977)
* '']'' (1977)
* '']'' (1977) as Balbir Singh, Military Man
* '']'' (1977)
* '']'' (1977)
* '']'' (1977)
* '']''
* '']'' (1977)
* '']'' (1977)
* '']'' (1977)
* '']'' (1977)
* '']'' (1978)
* '']'' (1978)
* '']'' (1978)
* '']'' (1978)
* '']'' (1978)
* '']'' (1978)
* '']'' (1979) as Dewan Dhanpati Rai
* '']'' (1979)
* '']'' (1979)
* '']'' (1979)
* '']'' (1979)
* '']'' (1980)
* '']'' (1980)
* '']'' (1980)
* '']'' (1980)
* '']'' (1980)
* '']'' (1981)
* '']'' (1981)
* '']'' (1981) aka Anusandhan (India: ] title)
* '']'' (1981)
* '']'' (1981)
* '']'' (1981)
* '']'' (1981)
* '']'' (1981) as Colonel Manningham
* '']'' (1982)
* '']'' (1982)
* '']'' (1982)
* '']'' (1982)
* '']'' (1983)
* '']'' (1983)
* '']'' (1983)
* '']'' (1983)
* '']'' (1983)
* '']'' (1983)
* '']'' (1984)
* '']'' (1984)
* '']'' (1984)
* '']'' (1984)
* '']'' (1984)
* '']'' (1984)
* '']'' (1985)
* '']'' (1985)
* '']'' (1985)
* '']'' (1985){{Citation needed|date=October 2020}}
* '']'' (1985)
* '']'' (1986)
* '']'' (1986)
* '']'' (1986)
* '']'' (1986)
* '']'' (1986)
* '']'' (1986)
* '']'' (1986–1987, TV series)
* '']'' (1987)
* '']'' (1987)
* '']'' (1988)
* '']'' (1988)
* '']'' (1988)
* '']'' (1989)
* '']'' (1989)
* '']'' (1990)
* '']'' (1990)
* '']'' (1991)
* '']'' (1991)
* '']'' (1991)
* '']'' (1992)
* '']'' (1993)
* '']'' (1993)
* '']'' (1994)
* '']'' (1995) His last movie released after 2 years of his death.
<!--* '']'' (2007) (story - based on Aajker Sajahan, by Dutt )-->
{{Div col end}}

== Plays ==
{{Div col}}
*''Mirkassim''
*''Tiner Talowar''
*'']''
*''Boniker Rajdando''
*'']''
*'']''
*''Kangor Karagare''
*'']''
*''Ongaar''
*''Aajker Shahjahan''
*''Lohaar Bheem''
*''Mahusher Adhikarey''
*''Ebar Rajar Pala''
*''Danrao Pathikbar''
{{Div col end}}


==Works== ==Works==
* ''Girish Chandra Ghosh''. ] Publications. 1992. ISBN 8172011970. * ''Girish Chandra Ghosh''. ] Publications. 1992. {{ISBN|81-7201-197-0}}.
* The Great Rebellion, 1857 (''Mahabidroha''), Seagull Books, 1986. ISBN 8170460328. * The Great Rebellion, 1857 (''Mahabidroha''), Seagull Books, 1986. {{ISBN|81-7046-032-8}}.
* ''On Theatre'', Seagull Books. 2009. ISBN 8170462517. * ''On Theatre'', Seagull Books. 2009. {{ISBN|81-7046-251-7}}.
* ''Towards A Revolutionary Theatre''. Seagull Books, 2009. ISBN 8170463408. * ''Towards A Revolutionary Theatre''. Seagull Books, 2009. {{ISBN|81-7046-340-8}}.
* ''On Cinema''. Seagull Books, 2009. ISBN 8170462525. * ''On Cinema''. Seagull Books, 2009. {{ISBN|81-7046-252-5}}.
* Acted in Byomkesh Bakshi Episode 3: Seemant Heera
* ''Rights Of Man'' (''Manusher Adhikare''). Seagull Books, 2009. ISBN 8170463319.
* ''3 Plays''. Seagull Books, 2009. ISBN 8170462568. * ''Rights Of Man'' (''Manusher Adhikare''). Seagull Books, 2009. {{ISBN|81-7046-331-9}}.
* ''3 Plays''. Seagull Books, 2009. {{ISBN|81-7046-256-8}}.
*Gadya Sangraha,Volume1,1998 {{ISBN|81-7612-033-2}} & Volume 2,2011{{ISBN|978-81-295-1125-6}},Dey's Publishing
*Encore(Theater Stories selected and translated by Utpal Dutta),Deep Prakashan
*Sahhensha Tomar Puraskar Tomar-i Thak(A Collection of Poems by Utpal Dutta),Deep Prakshan


==Further reading== ==Further reading==
* ''Representation and class politics in the theatre of Utpal Dutt'', by Himani Bannerji. Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, 1988. * Himani Bannerji, ''Representation and class politics in the theatre of Utpal Dutt''. Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, 1988. {{ASIN|B0000D6DGM}}
* Arup Mukhopadhay, ''"Utpal Dutta: Jeevan O Sristhi"'' (in Bengali), National Book Trust, New Delhi, 2010 (Reprinted in 2011). {{ISBN|978-81-237-5901-2}}
==References==
* Joel Schechter, ''Popular theatre: a sourcebook, Worlds of performance''. Routledge, 2003. . {{ISBN|0-415-25830-8}}.
{{reflist}}


==References==
* ''Popular theatre: a sourcebook, Worlds of performance'', by Joel Schechter. Routledge, 2003. ISBN 0415258308.
{{reflist|2}}


==External links== ==External links==
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*{{imdb name|0244884}}
*{{IMDb name|0244884}}
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* {{Internet Archive author}}

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{{NationalFilmAwardBestActor}} {{NationalFilmAwardBestActor}}
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Latest revision as of 06:41, 17 December 2024

Indian actor, director, playwright (1929–1993)
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Utpal Dutt
Dutt on a 2013 stamp of India
Born(1929-03-29)29 March 1929
Barishal, Bengal Presidency, British India
(now Barisal, Bangladesh)
Died19 August 1993(1993-08-19) (aged 64)
Calcutta, West Bengal, India
Other namesUtpal Dutt
Occupation(s)Actor, director, writer-playwright
Years active1947–1993
WorksFilmography
Spouse Shobha Sen ​(m. 1960)​
ChildrenBishnupriya Dutta
AwardsFull list

Utpal Dutt (listen; 29 March 1929 – 19 August 1993) was an Indian actor, director, and writer-playwright. He was primarily an actor in Bengali theatre, where he became a pioneering figure in Modern Indian theatre, when he founded the "Little Theatre Group" in 1949. This group enacted many English, Shakespearean and Brecht plays, in a period now known as the "Epic theatre" period, before it immersed itself completely in highly political and radical theatre. His plays became an apt vehicle for the expression of his Marxist ideologies, visible in socio-political plays such as Kallol (1965), Manusher Adhikar, Louha Manob (1964), Tiner Toloar and Maha-Bidroha. He also acted in over 100 Bengali and Hindi films in a career spanning 40 years, and remains most known for his roles in films such as Mrinal Sen’s Bhuvan Shome (1969), Satyajit Ray’s Agantuk (1991), Gautam Ghose’s Padma Nadir Majhi (1992) and Hrishikesh Mukherjee's breezy Hindi comedies such as Gol Maal (1979) and Rang Birangi (1983). He also did the role of a sculptor, Sir Digindra Narayan, in the episode Seemant Heera of Byomkesh Bakshi (TV series) on Doordarshan in 1993, shortly before his death.

He received National Film Award for Best Actor in 1970 and three Filmfare Best Comedian Awards. In 1990, the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy of Music, Dance and Theatre, awarded him its highest award, the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship for lifetime contribution to theatre.

Early life and education

Utpal Dutta was born into a Bengali family on 29 March 1929 in Barisal. His father was Girijaranjan Dutta. After initial schooling at St. Edmund's School, Shillong, he completed Matriculation from St. Xavier's Collegiate School, Kolkata in 1945. He graduated with English Literature Honours from St. Xavier's College, Calcutta, University of Calcutta in 1949.

Career

Though he was active primarily in Bengali theatre, he started his career in English theatre. As a teenager in the 1940s, he developed his passion and craft in English theatre, which resulted in the establishment of "The Shakespeareans" in 1947. Its first performance was a powerful production of Shakespeare's Richard III, with Dutt playing the king. This so impressed Geoffrey Kendal and Laura Kendal (parents of the actress Jennifer Kendal), who led the itinerant "Shakespeareana Theatre Company", that they immediately hired him, and he did two year-long tours with them across India and Pakistan, enacting Shakespeare's plays, first 1947–49 and later 1953–54; and was acclaimed for his passionate portrayal of Othello. After the Kendals left India for the first time in 1949, Utpal Dutt renamed his group the "Little Theatre Group" (LTG), and over the next three years, continued to perform and produce plays by Ibsen, Shaw, Tagore, Gorky and Konstantin Simonov. The group later decided to stage exclusively Bengali plays and to eventually evolve into a production company that would produce several Bengali movies. He also remained an active member of Gananatya Sangha, which performed through rural areas of West Bengal.

He was also a founding member of Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA), an organisation known for its leftist leaning, but left it after a couple of years, when he started his theatre group. He wrote and directed what he called "Epic Theatre", a term he borrowed from Bertolt Brecht, to bring about discussion and change in Bengal. His Brecht Society, formed in 1948, was presided by Satyajit Ray. He became one of the most influential personalities in the Group Theatre movement. While accepting Brecht's belief of the audience being "co-authors" of the theatre, he rejected orthodoxies of "Epic theatre" as being impractical in India. He also remained a teacher of English at the South Point School in Kolkata.

Soon he would turn to his native Bengali, producing translations of several Shakespearean tragedies and the works of Russian classicists into Bengali. Starting in 1954, he wrote and directed controversial Bengali political plays, and also Maxim Gorky's Lower Depths in Bengali in 1957. In 1959, the LTG secured the lease of Minerva Theatre, Kolkata, where most notably Angar (Coal) (1959), based on the exploitation of coal-miners was showcased. For the next decade the group staged several plays here, with him as an impresario, and he still is remembered as one of the last pioneering actor-managers of Indian theatre. He also formed groups like Arjo Opera and Bibek Yatra Samaj.

Meanwhile, his transition to films happened while performing the role of Othello, when famous filmmaker Madhu Bose happened to be watching, and gave him the lead in his film Michael Madhusudan (1950), based on the life of the revolutionary Indian poet Michael Madhusudan Dutt. Later, he himself wrote a play on the fragmented colonial psyche of Michael Madhusudan Dutt, and the ambivalence of swaying between "colonial" admiration and "anti-colonial" revolt. He went on to act in many Bengali films, including many films by Satyajit Ray.

Dutt was also an extremely famous comic actor in Hindi cinema, though he acted in only a handful of Hindi films. He acted in comedy movies, the most notable ones being Guddi, Gol Maal, Naram Garam, Rang Birangi and Shaukeen. He received Filmfare Best Comedian Award for Golmaal, Naram Garam and Rang Birangi. He appeared in Bhuvan Shome, (for which he was awarded the National Film Award for Best Actor), Ek Adhuri Kahani and Chorus, all by Mrinal Sen; Agantuk, Jana Aranya, Joi Baba Felunath and Hirak Rajar Deshe, by Satyajit Ray; Paar and Padma Nadir Majhi, by Gautam Ghose; Bombay Talkie, The Guru, and Shakespeare Wallah, by James Ivory; Jukti Takko Aar Gappo, by Ritwik Ghatak; Guddi, Gol Maal and Kotwal Saab by Hrishikesh Mukherjee; Shaukeen, Priyatama and Hamari Bahu Alka directed by Basu Chatterjee and Amanush, Anand Ashram and Barsaat Ki Ek Raat by Shakti Samanta.

Utpal Dutt also played the main villain characters in some of the major successful Amitabh Bachchan starrers such as The Great Gambler, Inquilaab (film) and the bilingual Hindi/Bangla movie Barsaat Ki Ek Raat. In fact, Utpal Dutt was the Hero (main lead) in Amitabh Bachchan's maiden venture Saat Hindustani.

"Revolutionary theatre is essentially people's theatre, which means it must be played before the masses,.."

Utpal Dutt

Dutt was also a lifelong Marxist and an active supporter of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), and his leftist "Revolutionary Theatre" was a phenomenon in the contemporary Bengali theatre. He staged many street dramas in favour of the Communist Party. He was jailed by the Congress government in West Bengal in 1965 and detained for several months, as the then state government feared that the subversive message of his play Kallol (Sound of the Waves), (based on the Royal Indian Navy Mutiny of 1946, which ran packed shows at Calcutta's Minerva Theatre), might provoke anti-government protests in West Bengal. The play turned out to be his longest-running play at the Minerva. Manusher Adhikare (Of People's Rights) in 1968, staged as a documentary drama, was a new genre in Bengali theatre before, though it turned out to be his last production of the group at the Minerva, as they soon left the theatre. Thereafter, the group was given the name the "People's Little Theatre"; as it took on yet another new direction, his work came closer to the people, and this phase played an important role in popularising Indian street theatre, as he started performing at street-corners or "poster" plays, in open spaces, without any aid or embellishment, before enormous crowds. The year also marked his transition into Jatra or Yatra Pala, a Bengali folk drama form, performed largely across rural West Bengal. He started writing Jatra scripts, produced and acted in them, even formed his own Jatra troupe. His jatra political dramas were often produced on open-air stages and symbolised his commitment to communist ideology, and today form his lasting legacy.

Through the 1970s three of his plays; Barricade, Dusswapner Nagari (City of Nightmares) and Ebaar Rajar Pala (Now it is the King's turn), drew crowds despite being officially banned.

He wrote Louha Manab (The Iron Man), in 1964 while still in jail, based on a real trial against a pro-Stalin, ex-Politburo member by supporters of Nikita Khrushchev in Moscow of 1963. It was first staged at Alipore Jail in 1965, by the People's Little Theatre. His stay in jail unleashed a new period of rebellious and politically charged plays, including Tiner Toloar (The Tin Sword), partially based on Pygmalion, Dushapner Nagari (Nightmare City), Manusher Odhikare (Rights Of Man), based on the Scottsboro Boys case, protests against the racial discrimination and injustice of the Scottsborough trial of 1931, Surya-Shikar (Hunting the Sun) (1978), Maha-Bidroha (The Great Rebellion) (1989), and Laal Durgo (Red Fort) (1990) about the demise of Communism, set in a fictitious East European country, and Janatar Aphim (Opiate of the People), (1990) lamented on Indian political parties exploiting religion for gain. In all, he wrote twenty-two full-length plays, fifteen poster plays, nineteen Jatra scripts, acted in thousands of shows, and directed more than sixty productions, apart from writing serious studies of Shakespeare, Girish Ghosh, Stanislavsky, Brecht, and revolutionary theatre, and translating Shakespeare and Brecht.

He also directed a number of films such as Megh (1961), a psychological thriller, Ghoom Bhangar Gaan (1965), Jhar (Storm) (1979), based on the Young Bengal movement, Baisakhi Megh (1981), Maa (1983) and Inquilab Ke Baad (1984).

Legacy

Dutt in 2013 stamp of India.

Forty years after the staging of the classic play Kallol which entails the story of the mutiny of Indian sailors against the British on the Arabian Sea, for which he was even imprisoned, was revived in 2005, as Gangabokshe Kallol, part of the state-funded "Utpal Dutt Natyotsav" (Utpal Dutt Theatre Festival), on an off-shore stage, by the Hooghly River in Kolkata.

The Last Lear, the 2007 English film based on his play Aajker Shahjahan, on an eccentric Shakespearean actor, and directed for the screen by Rituparno Ghosh, later won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in English.

Personal life

In 1960, Dutt married theatre and film actress Shobha Sen. Their only daughter, Bishnupriya Dutt, is a professor of Theatre & Performance studies at the School of Arts & Aesthetics at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.

Death

On 19 August 1993, Dutt died due to a heart attack right after he returned home from the S.S.K.M hospital, Calcutta, West Bengal where he had undergone dialysis.

Awards and recognition

Filmography

This is an incomplete filmography of Utpal Dutt.

Plays

  • Mirkassim
  • Tiner Talowar
  • Ferari Fauj
  • Boniker Rajdando
  • Barricade
  • Chayanat
  • Kangor Karagare
  • Kallol
  • Ongaar
  • Aajker Shahjahan
  • Lohaar Bheem
  • Mahusher Adhikarey
  • Ebar Rajar Pala
  • Danrao Pathikbar

Works

Further reading

  • Himani Bannerji, Representation and class politics in the theatre of Utpal Dutt. Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, 1988. ASIN B0000D6DGM
  • Arup Mukhopadhay, "Utpal Dutta: Jeevan O Sristhi" (in Bengali), National Book Trust, New Delhi, 2010 (Reprinted in 2011). ISBN 978-81-237-5901-2
  • Joel Schechter, Popular theatre: a sourcebook, Worlds of performance. Routledge, 2003. Theatre As Weapon: Utpal Dutt. ISBN 0-415-25830-8.

References

  1. ^ Inside the actor's mind Archived 8 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine Mint (newspaper), 3 July 2009.
  2. ^ Remembering Utpal Dutt Shoma A Chatterji, Screen (magazine), 20 August 2004.
  3. The Mirror of Class: Essays on Bengali Theatre by Himani Bannerji Frontline (magazine), Volume 18 – Issue 12, 9–22 Jun 2001.
  4. ^ Stage On & Off: Man in iron mask Archived 23 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Telegraph (Kolkata), 26 August 2006.
  5. ^ "Go 4 GK Great Indians: Utpal Dutt". Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  6. "Obituary: Utpal Dutt". The Independent. 21 August 1993. Archived from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  7. Banerji, Arnab (2012). "Rehearsals for a Revolution: The Political Theater of Utpal Dutt". University of Georgia. 34: 222–230. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  8. Utpal Dutt The Columbia encyclopedia of modern drama, Volume 1, by Gabrielle H. Cody, Evert Sprinchorn. Columbia University Press, 2007. ISBN 0231144229. Page 382-383.
  9. ^ Utpal DuttTheatres of independence: drama, theory, and urban performance in India since 1947:Studies in theatre history and culture by Aparna Bhargava Dharwadker. University of Iowa Press, 2005. ISBN 0-87745-961-4. Page 114
  10. Saubhadro Chatterji (11 March 2009). "Poll-bound Bengal turns to artistes". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 16 March 2009. Retrieved 13 March 2009.
  11. Rehearsals of revolution: the political theater of Bengal, by Rustom Bharucha. University of Hawaii Press, 1984. ISBN 0-8248-0845-2. Page 55.
  12. Pro-Communist Drama Gets Crowds in Calcutta Archived 22 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine New York Times, 25 November 1965.
  13. Encyclopædia Britannica article on Utpal Dutt Archived 14 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine Britannica.com.
  14. Dutt's Kallol to ride the Hooghly Archived 23 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Telegraph (Kolkata), 5 November 2005.
  15. Dutt and his dimensions Archived 7 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine, The Hindu, 26 October 2007.
  16. "Google Groups". Archived from the original on 27 September 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2015.

External links

Portal:Utpal Dutt at Misplaced Pages's sister projects:
National Film Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
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2001–2020
2021–present
Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship
1954–1960
1961–1980
1981–2000
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2022–2023
Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role
1967–1980
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