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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox_Monarch
{{more citations needed|date=September 2013}}
⚫ | name = Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah
{{Infobox royalty
⚫ | title = The Fifth ] of ]
| image = ] | name = Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah
⚫ | title =
| caption = Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah’s portrait from the collection of the ]
| reign = 1580–1611 | image = muhammad_'Alî_001.jpg
| coronation = | image_size = 200px
| caption =
⚫ | predecessor = ]
| reign = 5 June 1580 – 11 January 1612<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=118}}</ref>
⚫ | successor = ]
| consort = | religion = ]
| issue = | coronation = 1586
| royal house = ] | predecessor = ]
⚫ | successor = ]
| royal anthem =
| father = ] | spouse =
⚫ | issue = ] (wife of ])
⚫ | mother =
⚫ | dynasty = ]
| date of birth = 1565
⚫ | father = ]
| place of birth =
| date of death = 1611 | mother = Bhagirathi
| birth_date = 4 April 1565
| place of death =
| birth_place = ], ]<br/>(now in ], India)
| place of burial=
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1612|1|11|1565|4|4|df=yes}}
⚫ |}}
| death_place = Daulat Khan-e-Ali Palace, ]
⚫ ]. ]]
| succession = 5th ]
⚫ }}
'''Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah''' (4 April 1565{{spaced ndash}}11 January 1612) was the fifth sultan of the ] and founder of the city of ].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Zad93Q6KZOuM4jrH99qaeN/Opinion--A-Hyderabadi-conundrum.html |newspaper=] |date=15 November 2018 |first1=Manu S. |last1=Pillai |title=Opinion: A Hyderabadi conundrum}}</ref> He built its architectural centerpiece, the ]. He was an able administrator and his reign is considered one of the high points of the Qutb Shahi dynasty. He ascended to the throne in 1580 at the age of 15 and ruled for 31 years.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Muhammad-Quli Qutb Shah: Founder of Haidarabad |url=http://indianculture.gov.in/ebooks/muhammad-quli-qutb-shah-founder-haidarabad |access-date=2023-04-04 |website=Indian Culture}}</ref>


==Early life and reign==
'''Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah''' (1580-1611 CE) (Urdu: محمد قلی قطب شاہ) was the fifth sultan of the ] of ] in ]. He founded the city of ] and built its architectural centerpiece, the ]. He was an able administrator and his reign is considered one of the high points of the Qutb Shahi dynasty.


Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah was the third son of ] of the ] and Hindu mother Bhagirathi.<ref>{{cite book|title=Prince; Poet; Lover; Builder: Mohd. Quli Qutb Shah - The founder of Hyderabad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4B_iDQAAQBAJ |last1=Luther |first1=Narendra |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|year=1991|isbn=9788123023151 }}</ref>
He ascended to the ] in 1580 at the age of 15 and ruled for thirty-one years.


]
He modelled the well planned city of Hyderabad on the then legendary city of ] of ], in his words ''unparalleled in the world and a replica of heaven itself''.
] in ] was built by Quli Qutub Shah]]Muhammad succeeded his father in the year 1580 at the age of 15.<ref name=":0" /> His rule lasted for 31 years. He faced minor rebellions on the eastern and western fronts of the sultanate during the initial years of his rule. He led the troops himself and defeated Ali Khan Loor and Yashwant Raj.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=K̲h̲ān̲ |first=Masʻūd Ḥusain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4UKJFLZVcEC&dq=muhammad+quli+qutb+shah&pg=PA1 |title=Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah |date=1996 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-0233-7}}</ref>


In 1592 further disturbance was created by Shah Saheb for ascending the throne. During this time he sent Aitbar Khan with a large troop and he defeated Shah Saheb. Amidst the chaos Muhammad Quli was still able to patronage art and establish the city of Hyderabad.<ref name=":1" /> His reign is considered the high point of the Sultanate of Golconda.<ref name=":0" />
==History==


=== Founding of Hyderabad ===
Sultan Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah was the son of ]. He founded the city of ] after shifting from his old capital, the fort of ]. The city was built on the southern bank of the ]. Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah sent for architects from ] to lay out the city, which was built on a grid plan.
From the time of his father Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah, there was a high influx of populace into the city of ], which led to over-crowding and unhygienic conditions. This created the need for an extension or new city.<ref name=":0" /> The construction of Hyderabad was initiated in 1591, on the southern bank of the ]. Before construction he prayed by reciting the following couplet for the welfare of the city: "Make my city full of people, like you keep the river full of fish."<ref name=":1" />


There is a degree of folklore associated with selection of the land for the new city of Hyderabad. It is said that once the sultan was coming back from a hunt and he crossed the bridge across River Musi and arrived at the flat land which pleased him. However, Muhammad Quli must have been aware of the presence of this land and the story is a romanticised version.<ref name=":0" />
'''Hyderabad''' was named as the '''City of Hyder''' after the title of the Fourth Caliph Ali. Many people though, commonly believe that the city of "Hyderabad" was named after the people as their residence as "City of the Brave" from the Persian words "Hyder/Haider" (Persian and Urdu meaning lion or brave and "Abad/Abaad" (Persian and Urdu meaning abode or populated) after surviving the plaque epidemic that ravaged Golkonda. There is another urban myth which may be an apocryphal that the Sultan named it after his wife Hyder Mahal(not likely he gave her a male name or title) who some say was initially named Bhagmati before becoming a Muslim hence the name Bhagyanagar. More likely the word Bhagyanagar is a derived from another alias the city was referred to as ''Bagh Nagar'' or ''City of Gardens''.


The city was planned in a gridiron manner with the ] in the centre and other important palaces and administrative buildings along the surrounding axes. Other important buildings which were constructed in the following years such as ], ], ] and several palaces which have since been demolished.<ref name=":1" />
In 1652, a ] traveler ] compared Hyderabad to ], ''well built and opened out,'' and in 1672, Abbe Carre was much impressed by the city and termed it ''the center of all trade in the East''.


Muhammad Quli also planned several gardens throughout the city.<ref name=":1" />
Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah constructed the '''Charminar''', known as '''Masjid of Four Minarets''' and '''Four Towers''', in 1591. The structure comprises four tall and massive minarets connected to each other by four high arches and this resembles the archetypal triumphal arch. This beautiful colossus in granite, lime, mortar and, some say, pulverised marble, was at one time the heart of the city. Initially the wonderful monument with its four arches was so proportionately planned that when the fort was opened one could catch a glimpse of the bustling Hyderabad city as these Charminar arches were facing the most active royal ancestral streets. Muhammad built the Charminar to commemorate the end of a plague epidemic. He is said to have prayed for the end of a plague that was ravaging his city and vowed to build a masjid at the very place where he was praying. The epidemic ended soon afterwards and Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah ordered the construction of the masjid which stands on the upper level of the Charminar. There is also a legend of an underground tunnel connecting the palace at Golkonda to Charminar, possibly intended as an escape route for the Qutub Shahi rulers in case of a seige, though the exact location of the tunnel is unknown.


⚫ === Patronage of art and literature ===
⚫ ]
Muhammad Quli was a patron of poetry, paintings, calligraphy and architecture. Major scripts used in this period are Nastaliq, Naksh, Kufi, Tughra and Sulus. A unique inscription is on Mecca Masjid in Nastaliq script, a script not known anywhere else in the Deccan region. Another inscription in the same mosque is a verse of the Quran carved in Naksh style.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Weinstein |first=Laura |date=2014 |title=Variations On A Persian Theme |url=https://www.academia.edu/36862807 |journal=The Visual World of Muslim India|doi=10.5040/9780755603831.ch-008 |isbn=978-0-7556-0561-3 }}</ref>


Muhammad Quli was an accomplished poet and wrote his poetry in ], ] and ].<ref name="Schimmel" >{{cite book |first1=Annemarie |last1=Schimmel |title=Classical Urdu Literature from the Beginning to Iqbāl |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |year=1975 |page=143}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> He is considered one of the first poets to write in the ] language. He wrote in a wide range of genres from religious to romantic to profane.<ref name=":0" /> He composed his verses in the Persian ''diwan'' style, and his poems consisted of verses relating to a single topic, ''gazal-i musalsal''.<ref name="Schimmel" /> His poetry has been compiled into a volume entitled ''Kulliyat-e-Quli Qutub Shah''.<ref name="First 'saheb-e-dewan' Urdu Poet"/> Over half of its 1800 pages were ''gazals'', while ''qasidas'' were present on one hundred pages, and the rest over 300 pages of ''matnawi'' and ''marsiyas.''<ref name="Schimmel" /> He was the first ''Saheb-e-dewan'' Urdu poet.<ref name="First 'saheb-e-dewan' Urdu Poet">{{cite news |url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/quli-qutub-shah-remembered-his-400th-death-anniversary | title=Quli Qutub Shah remembered on his 400th death anniversary |work=] | date=14 January 2012 |archive-date=18 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118034525/http://www.siasat.com/english/news/quli-qutub-shah-remembered-his-400th-death-anniversary }}</ref>
⚫ ==Patronage of literature==


Physicians who wrote ] books on ] during his reign include Mir Momin (''Ikhtiyarat-i Qutub Shahi''), Shamsuddin Ali Husain al-Jurjani (''Tazkirat-i Kahhalin''), Hakim Shamsuddin bin Nuruddin (''Zubdat-ul Hukama''), ] (''Tibb-i Farid''), Taqiuddin Muhammad bin Sadruddin Ali (''Mizan-ul Tabai'''), Nizamuddin Ahmad Gilani (''Majmu'a-i Hakim-ul mulk''), and Ismai'l bin Ibrahim Tabrezi (''Tazkirat-ul Hukama'').<ref>{{cite book |first1=Syed Ejaz |last1=Hussain |chapter=Rise and Decline of Surgery in Indigenous Medicine with Emphasis on Unani-tibb |editor1-first=Mohit |editor1-last=Saha |editor2-first=Syed Ejaz |editor2-last=Hussain |title=India's Indigenous Medical Systems: A Cross-disciplinary Approach |year=2015 |publisher=Primus |isbn=9789380607627 |page=68 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IDoOswEACAAJ }}</ref>
Sultan Muhammed Quli Qutb Shah was a scholar of ] and ]. He wrote ] in ] and Persian. His poetry has been compiled into a ''dewan'' or volume entitled "Kulliyat-e-Quli Qutub Shah." Muhammed Quli Qutub Shah had the distinction of being the first ''Saheb-e-dewan'' Urdu poet and is credited with introducing a new sensibility into prevailing genres of Persian/Urdu poetry. It is said that the Urdu language acquired the status of a literary language due to his contributions.


== References ==
⚫ {{start box}}
{{reflist}}
⚫ {{succession box|title=]|before=]|after=]|years=1518&ndash;1687}}
⚫ {{end box}}


==References== ===Sources===
* Sangaychay Mala by Gajanan Pole
*Luther, Narendra. ''Prince, Poet, Lover, Builder: Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, The Founder of Hyderabad''
* Prime Ministers of Qutubshhs by Sri Bhopal Rao
⚫ ==External links==
* {{cite book |last1=Luther |first1=Narendra |url=https://ia800105.us.archive.org/8/items/princepoetloverb00luth/princepoetloverb00luth.pdf |title=Prince, Poet, Lover, Builder: Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, The Founder of Hyderabad |date=1991 |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |isbn=9788123023151}}
⚫ {{commonscat|Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah}}
* {{cite book |last1=Sherwani |first1=Haroon Khan |authorlink=Haroon Khan Sherwani |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.46692/page/n3/mode/2up |date=1967 |publisher=Asia Publishing House |title=Muhammad-Quli Qutb Shah, founder of Haidarabad }}
*]]
*
*
* Chopra, R.M., The Rise, Growth And Decline of Indo-Persian Literature, Iran Culture House, New Delhi, 2012.
*
* https://indianculture.gov.in/rarebooks/landmarks-deccan-comprehensive-guide-archaeological-remains-city-and-suburbs-hyderabad
*
*


==Further reading== ==Further reading==
* *Luther, Narendra (1991). ''''.

⚫ ==External links==
⚫ {{commons category|Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah}}
⚫ {{s-start}}
⚫ {{succession box|title=]|before=]|after=]|years=1580-1612}}
⚫ {{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 11:17, 26 December 2024

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5th Sultan of Golconda
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah
5th Sultan of Golconda
Reign5 June 1580 – 11 January 1612
Coronation1586
PredecessorIbrahim Quli Qutb Shah
SuccessorSultan Muhammad Qutb Shah
Born4 April 1565
Golconda, Golconda Sultanate
(now in Telangana, India)
Died11 January 1612(1612-01-11) (aged 46)
Daulat Khan-e-Ali Palace, Hyderabad
IssueHayat Bakshi Begum (wife of Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah)
DynastyQutb Shahi dynasty
FatherIbrahim Quli Qutb Shah
MotherBhagirathi
ReligionSunni Islam

Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (4 April 1565 – 11 January 1612) was the fifth sultan of the Sultanate of Golconda and founder of the city of Hyderabad. He built its architectural centerpiece, the Charminar. He was an able administrator and his reign is considered one of the high points of the Qutb Shahi dynasty. He ascended to the throne in 1580 at the age of 15 and ruled for 31 years.

Early life and reign

Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah was the third son of Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali of the Sultanate of Golconda and Hindu mother Bhagirathi.

The Shah's wedding party with his bride, the Hindu dancing-girl Bhagmati.
Charminar in Hyderabad was built by Quli Qutub Shah

Muhammad succeeded his father in the year 1580 at the age of 15. His rule lasted for 31 years. He faced minor rebellions on the eastern and western fronts of the sultanate during the initial years of his rule. He led the troops himself and defeated Ali Khan Loor and Yashwant Raj.

In 1592 further disturbance was created by Shah Saheb for ascending the throne. During this time he sent Aitbar Khan with a large troop and he defeated Shah Saheb. Amidst the chaos Muhammad Quli was still able to patronage art and establish the city of Hyderabad. His reign is considered the high point of the Sultanate of Golconda.

Founding of Hyderabad

From the time of his father Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah, there was a high influx of populace into the city of Golconda, which led to over-crowding and unhygienic conditions. This created the need for an extension or new city. The construction of Hyderabad was initiated in 1591, on the southern bank of the River Musi. Before construction he prayed by reciting the following couplet for the welfare of the city: "Make my city full of people, like you keep the river full of fish."

There is a degree of folklore associated with selection of the land for the new city of Hyderabad. It is said that once the sultan was coming back from a hunt and he crossed the bridge across River Musi and arrived at the flat land which pleased him. However, Muhammad Quli must have been aware of the presence of this land and the story is a romanticised version.

The city was planned in a gridiron manner with the Charminar in the centre and other important palaces and administrative buildings along the surrounding axes. Other important buildings which were constructed in the following years such as Dar-ul-Shifa, Mecca Masjid, Badshahi Ashurkhana and several palaces which have since been demolished.

Muhammad Quli also planned several gardens throughout the city.

Patronage of art and literature

Dancing before Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, Golconda, about 1590

Muhammad Quli was a patron of poetry, paintings, calligraphy and architecture. Major scripts used in this period are Nastaliq, Naksh, Kufi, Tughra and Sulus. A unique inscription is on Mecca Masjid in Nastaliq script, a script not known anywhere else in the Deccan region. Another inscription in the same mosque is a verse of the Quran carved in Naksh style.

Muhammad Quli was an accomplished poet and wrote his poetry in Persian, Telugu and Urdu. He is considered one of the first poets to write in the Deccani Urdu language. He wrote in a wide range of genres from religious to romantic to profane. He composed his verses in the Persian diwan style, and his poems consisted of verses relating to a single topic, gazal-i musalsal. His poetry has been compiled into a volume entitled Kulliyat-e-Quli Qutub Shah. Over half of its 1800 pages were gazals, while qasidas were present on one hundred pages, and the rest over 300 pages of matnawi and marsiyas. He was the first Saheb-e-dewan Urdu poet.

Physicians who wrote Persian language books on Unani medicine during his reign include Mir Momin (Ikhtiyarat-i Qutub Shahi), Shamsuddin Ali Husain al-Jurjani (Tazkirat-i Kahhalin), Hakim Shamsuddin bin Nuruddin (Zubdat-ul Hukama), Abdullah Tabib (Tibb-i Farid), Taqiuddin Muhammad bin Sadruddin Ali (Mizan-ul Tabai'), Nizamuddin Ahmad Gilani (Majmu'a-i Hakim-ul mulk), and Ismai'l bin Ibrahim Tabrezi (Tazkirat-ul Hukama).

References

  1. Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. p. 118. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  2. Pillai, Manu S. (15 November 2018). "Opinion: A Hyderabadi conundrum". Mint.
  3. ^ "Muhammad-Quli Qutb Shah: Founder of Haidarabad". Indian Culture. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  4. Luther, Narendra (1991). Prince; Poet; Lover; Builder: Mohd. Quli Qutb Shah - The founder of Hyderabad. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. ISBN 9788123023151.
  5. ^ K̲h̲ān̲, Masʻūd Ḥusain (1996). Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-81-260-0233-7.
  6. Weinstein, Laura (2014). "Variations On A Persian Theme". The Visual World of Muslim India. doi:10.5040/9780755603831.ch-008. ISBN 978-0-7556-0561-3.
  7. ^ Schimmel, Annemarie (1975). Classical Urdu Literature from the Beginning to Iqbāl. Otto Harrassowitz. p. 143.
  8. ^ "Quli Qutub Shah remembered on his 400th death anniversary". The Siasat Daily. 14 January 2012. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012.
  9. Hussain, Syed Ejaz (2015). "Rise and Decline of Surgery in Indigenous Medicine with Emphasis on Unani-tibb". In Saha, Mohit; Hussain, Syed Ejaz (eds.). India's Indigenous Medical Systems: A Cross-disciplinary Approach. Primus. p. 68. ISBN 9789380607627.

Sources

Further reading

External links

Preceded byIbrahim Quli Qutb Shah Qutb Shahi dynasty
1580-1612 		Succeeded bySultan Muhammad Qutb Shah
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