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{{Short description|King of Gwynedd from c. 500 to c. 534}}
{{Unreferenced|date=September 2008}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2024}}
'''Cadwallon ap Einion''' (c. 460-534; reigned from c. 500), usually known as '''Cadwallon Lawhir''' ('Long Hand') and also called '''Cadwallon I''' by some historians, was a king of ].
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}


'''Cadwallon Lawhir ap Einion''' (c. 460 – c. 534),<ref name="Ashley1998">{{cite book |author=Michael Ashley |title=British Monarchs: The Complete Genealogy, Gazetteer, and Biographical Encyclopedia of the Kings & Queens of Britain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tz6gAAAAMAAJ |year=1998 |publisher=Robinson |isbn=978-1-85487-504-4 |page=139}}</ref> usually known as '''Cadwallon Lawhir''' ("Long Hand") and also called '''Cadwallon I''' by some historians, was a ] around 500.
According to tradition, Cadwallon ruled during, or shortly after, the ], and ]'s victory over the ] (in either the early 490s or the mid 510s). Cadwallon's name is not connected with the legendary battle, but he may have benefitted from the period of relative peace and prosperity throughout ] that it procured. The most momentous military achievement of Cadwallon's reign was the final expulsion of ] settlers on ], and the re-absorption of that island, which would later become the cultural and political base of the kingdom, into Gwynedd.


Cadwallon was the son of ] and Prawst ferch Deithlyn.<ref name="Rees1853">{{cite book |author=William Jenkins Rees |title=Lives of the Cambro British Saints |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmtlAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA593 |year=1853 |publisher=W. Rees |page=593}}</ref> He is often considered to have been king of Gwynedd from his father's death in about 500 until his own death in 534.<ref name="Ashley1998"/>
⚫ Cadwallon's epithet, ''Lawhir'', may possibly refer to him having longer than usual arms or might also be a metaphor, referring to the extent of his authority. The late medieval poet ] claims that he could "reach a stone from the ground to kill a raven, without bending his back, because his arm was as long as his side to the ground."{{Citation needed|date=September 2008}}


He is credited with having driven the last Irish settlers off the island of ].<ref>{{cite book |author=David A. Pretty |title=Anglesey: The Concise History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q1xnAAAAMAAJ |year=2005 |publisher=University of Wales Press |isbn=978-0-7083-1943-7 |page=8}}</ref> According to one tradition, Cadwallon and his army ] their own feet to their stirrups so that they could not be tempted to flee the battle.<ref name="Inglis-Jones1955">{{cite book |author=Elisabeth Inglis-Jones |title=The Story of Wales |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gROiiLpkiz8C |year=1955 |publisher=Faber & Faber |isbn=9787250010744}}</ref> Cadwallon's opponent, the leader of the Irish of Angelsey, was said to be ] (Serigi "The Irishman"), and the final battle was fought at either ] or ] near ].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bartrum |first1=Peter C. |title=A Welsh Classical Dictionary |date=1993 |publisher=National Library of Wales |page=671}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Cambrian Chronicles |title=The Mystery of Britain's Irish King |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gc6azLydvlc |website=YouTube |access-date=2 November 2024 |date=31 October 2024}}</ref>
According to ], Cadwallon's son, ], murdered his uncle to ascend to the throne, which suggests that someone other than Maelgwn himself inherited the kingdom upon Cadwallon's death. No clear evidence exists as to who this "lost king" might be (assuming, of course, that Gildas's account is reliable), but some have suggested the name of ] as the unfortunate heir/victim.


⚫ Cadwallon's epithet, ''Lawhir'', may possibly refer to him having longer than usual arms or might also be a metaphor, referring to the extent of his authority. The late medieval poet ] claims that he could "reach a stone from the ground to kill a raven, without bending his back, because his arm was as long as his side to the ground."<ref name="Baring-GouldFisher1908">{{cite book |author1=Sabine Baring-Gould |author2=John Fisher |title=The Lives of the British Saints |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-G4AAAAAMAAJ |year=1908 |publisher=For the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, by C. J. Clark |pages=46–47}}</ref>
⚫ ==See also==
⚫ *]


According to ], Cadwallon's son, ], murdered his uncle in order to ascend the throne, which suggests that the actual king of Gwynedd was not Cadwallon but his brother ].{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}
⚫ ==References==
⚫ {{Reflist}}


== Caswallon's Llys ==
{{sequence|
There has been a longstanding association, in antiquarian writings, between Cadwallon and a possible ] (medieval royal court building) known as Caswallon's Llys. This was indicated on the ] map of 1889 as within a field near ], in the ] community, in the north-east corner of the ]. With no obvious remains by the 20th century, it had been largely discredited as a Llys site until a ] in 2009 identified foundations of a rectangular building within a trapezoidal enclosure, for which an early medieval site was a strong possibility.<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.walesher1974.org/her/groups/GAT/media/GAT_Reports/GATreport_858_compressed.pdf
⚫ prev=]|
|title=The Ancient Landscape of Môn Archaeological Survey Project |issue=Report No 858 |publisher=Cadw/Gwynedd Archaeological Trust |author=George Smith and David Hopewell |year=2010 |page=35 |access-date=6 October 2017}}</ref>
⚫ next=]|
list=]|
}}


⚫ == See also ==
⚫ ]
* ]
⚫ ]
⚫ * ]
]
⚫ ]


⚫ == References ==
⚫ {{Reflist}}


{{Wales-bio-stub}} {{s-start}}
⚫ {{s-bef|before=]}}
{{s-ttl|title=]|years=c. 500 – c. 534}}
⚫ {{s-aft|after=]}}
{{s-end}}


] {{DEFAULTSORT:Cadwallon Lawhir Ap Einion}}

]
] ]
⚫ ]
]
] ]
⚫ ]
]
]
⚫ ]

Latest revision as of 01:12, 5 December 2024

King of Gwynedd from c. 500 to c. 534

Cadwallon Lawhir ap Einion (c. 460 – c. 534), usually known as Cadwallon Lawhir ("Long Hand") and also called Cadwallon I by some historians, was a king of Gwynedd around 500.

Cadwallon was the son of Einion Yrth ap Cunedda and Prawst ferch Deithlyn. He is often considered to have been king of Gwynedd from his father's death in about 500 until his own death in 534.

He is credited with having driven the last Irish settlers off the island of Anglesey. According to one tradition, Cadwallon and his army padlocked their own feet to their stirrups so that they could not be tempted to flee the battle. Cadwallon's opponent, the leader of the Irish of Angelsey, was said to be Serigi Wyddel (Serigi "The Irishman"), and the final battle was fought at either Cerrig y Gwyddyl or Llan y Gwyddyl near Holyhead.

Cadwallon's epithet, Lawhir, may possibly refer to him having longer than usual arms or might also be a metaphor, referring to the extent of his authority. The late medieval poet Iolo Goch claims that he could "reach a stone from the ground to kill a raven, without bending his back, because his arm was as long as his side to the ground."

According to Gildas, Cadwallon's son, Maelgwn, murdered his uncle in order to ascend the throne, which suggests that the actual king of Gwynedd was not Cadwallon but his brother Owain Danwyn.

Caswallon's Llys

There has been a longstanding association, in antiquarian writings, between Cadwallon and a possible Llys (medieval royal court building) known as Caswallon's Llys. This was indicated on the Ordnance Survey map of 1889 as within a field near Mynydd Eilian, in the Llaneilian community, in the north-east corner of the Isle of Anglesey. With no obvious remains by the 20th century, it had been largely discredited as a Llys site until a geophysical survey in 2009 identified foundations of a rectangular building within a trapezoidal enclosure, for which an early medieval site was a strong possibility.

See also

References

  1. ^ Michael Ashley (1998). British Monarchs: The Complete Genealogy, Gazetteer, and Biographical Encyclopedia of the Kings & Queens of Britain. Robinson. p. 139. ISBN 978-1-85487-504-4.
  2. William Jenkins Rees (1853). Lives of the Cambro British Saints. W. Rees. p. 593.
  3. David A. Pretty (2005). Anglesey: The Concise History. University of Wales Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-7083-1943-7.
  4. Elisabeth Inglis-Jones (1955). The Story of Wales. Faber & Faber. ISBN 9787250010744.
  5. Bartrum, Peter C. (1993). A Welsh Classical Dictionary. National Library of Wales. p. 671.
  6. Cambrian Chronicles (31 October 2024). "The Mystery of Britain's Irish King". YouTube. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
  7. Sabine Baring-Gould; John Fisher (1908). The Lives of the British Saints. For the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, by C. J. Clark. pp. 46–47.
  8. George Smith and David Hopewell (2010). The Ancient Landscape of Môn Archaeological Survey Project (PDF) (Report). Cadw/Gwynedd Archaeological Trust. p. 35. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
Preceded byEinion Yrth ap Cunedda King of Gwynedd
c. 500 – c. 534 		Succeeded byMaelgwn Gwynedd
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