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{{short description|County of Romania}}
{| cellpadding="2" style="float: right; width: 307px; background: #e3e3e3; margin-left: 1em; border-spacing: 1px;"
{{Infobox settlement
! colspan="2" | Satu Mare
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
|- style="background: #ffffff; text-align: center;"
| name = Satu Mare County
! colspan="2" | ] with Satu Mare county highlighted]]
| native_name = Județul Satu Mare
|-
| native_name_lang = ro
! colspan="2" | Facts
| other_name = Szatmár megye
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| settlement_type = ]
| Region: || ]
| image_skyline =
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| image_alt =
| Capital city: || ]
| image_caption =
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| image_flag =
| Indicative: || SM
| flag_alt =
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| image_seal =
| Population: || 392,265 as of ]
| seal_alt =
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| image_shield = Satu_Mare_county_CoA.png
| Population density: || 89 inh/km²
| shield_alt =
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| nickname =
| Area: || 4.418 km²
| motto =
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| image_map = Satu Mare in Romania.svg
| Web || <br>
| map_alt = Administrative map of Romania with Satu Mare county highlighted
|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
| map_caption =
| Telephone code || +40 x61
| pushpin_map =
|}
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|47.69|22.89|type:adm1st_region:RO|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Romania
| subdivision_type1 = Development region
| subdivision_name1 = ]
| subdivision_type2 = Historical region
| subdivision_name2 = ], ]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = Capital
| seat = ]
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party = ]
| leader_title = President of the County Board
| leader_name = {{ill|Csaba Pataki|ro}}
| leader_title1 = ]
| leader_name1 = {{ill|Ioan Tibil|ro}}
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 4,418
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =
| area_rank = ]
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
|population_total = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population_as_of = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population_footnotes = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| population_rank = ]
| timezone1 =
| utc_offset1 =
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = ]
| area_code = (+40) 261 or (+40) 361<ref>The number used depends on the numbering system employed by the phone companies on the market.</ref>
| iso_code = RO-SM
| website = <br />
| footnotes =
| blank1_name = GDP (nominal)
| blank1_info = US$ 4.540&nbsp;billion (''2024'')
| blank2_name = GDP ]
| blank2_info = US$ 13,730 (''2024'')
}}


'''Satu Mare''' (]: ''Szatmár'') is a county (]) in North-Western ], in the North of ] region - between ] region and ] region, with its capital city at ] (population: 130,573). '''Satu Mare County''' ({{langx|ro|Județul Satu Mare}}, {{IPA|ro|ˌsatu ˈmare|pron}}, {{langx|hu|Szatmár megye}}) is a county (]) of ], on the border with ] and ]. The capital city is ].


==Neighbours== ==Name==
In ], it is known as ''Szatmár megye'', in ] as ''Kreis Sathmar'', in ] as Сату-Маре, and in ] as ''Satmárska župa''.
*] in the East.

*] in the West - ].
==Geography==
*] in the North - ].
Satu Mare County has a total area of {{convert|4418|km2|sqmi}}.

In the north are the ], part of the ]. This makes up around 17% of the area. The remainder is hills, forming 20% of the area, and plains. The western part of the county takes up the Eastern part of the ].

The county is crossed by the ], the ], and ].

The county lies partly in the ] and partly in the historical region of ].

===Neighbours===

{{Romanian counties map}}
*] in the East.
*Hungary in the West – ].
*Ukraine in the North – ].
*] and ] in the South. *] and ] in the South.

It is a member of the ].
Satu Mare County, together with the ], ], ], ], and ] counties, constitute the ] of Romania. The county is a member of the ].



==Demographics== ==Demographics==
In ], it had a population of 392,265 and the ] was 89/km².


According to the ], the county had a population of 330,668 and the ] was {{Pop density|330668|4418|km2|sqmi|prec=1}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-rpl-2021/rezultate-definitive-caracteristici-etno-culturale-demografice/|title=Rezultate definitive: Caracteristici etno-culturale demografice|website=Recensamantromania.ro|access-date=30 July 2023}}</ref>
The majority of the population are ], but there is an important ] community. Also there are ], ] and ].


<div style="float:left">
==Geography==
{{Pie chart
This county has a total area of 4,418 km².
|thumb=left
|caption=Ethnic composition of Satu Mare County (2021)
|label1=]|value1=61.33|color1=#8080ff
|label2=]|value2=31.38|color2=#80ff80
|label3=]|value3=5.48|color3=#80ffff
|label4=] <small>(])</small>|value4=1.25|color4=#ff80ff
|label5=]|value5=0.46|color5=#ffff80
|label6=Others|value6=0.10|color6=#9f9f9f}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb=right
|caption=Religious composition of Satu Mare County (2021)
|label1=]|value1=51.55|color1=#8080ff
|label2=]|value2=17.16|color2=#80ff80
|label3=]|value3=16.88|color3=#ffff80
|label4=]|value4=6.50|color4=#ff80ff
|label5=]|value5=4.32|color5=#3fc03f
|label6=]|value6=1.18|color6=#3f3fc0
|label7=]|value7=0.79|color7=#80ffff
|label8=Others|value8=0.92|color8=#9f9f9f
|label9=],] and ]|value9=0.71|color9=#555555}}
</div>


{| class="wikitable" style="float:right
In the west there are the ], members of the ] group. This makes up around 17% of the surface. The rest consists of hills - 20% of the surface - and plains. The Western part of the county is the Eastern part of the ].
! Year
! County population<ref>National Institute of Statistics, ''https://insse.ro/cms/files/RPL2002INS/vol1/tabele/t01.pdf "Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992, 2002 și 2011"]''</ref>
|-
! 1948
| 312,672 {{steady}}
|-
! 1956
| 337,531 {{increase}}
|-
! 1966
| 359,393 {{increase}}
|-
! 1977
| 393,840 {{increase}}
|-
! 1992
| 400,789 {{increase}}
|-
! 2002
| 367,281 {{decrease}}
|-
! 2011
| 344,360 {{decrease}}
|-
! 2021
| 330,668 {{decrease}}
|}

Satu Mare is a culturally diverse county, with a population mix of Romanians, Hungarians, Roma, Germans, and other ethnicities. The county's largest ethnic minority, Hungarians mostly reside along the border with Hungary, but some are also scattered throughout the whole county. Historically, Hungarians were concentrated in the cities, where administration resides, while the Romanian population was larger in the villages throughout the county. In 1930, the Hungarians represented 41.9% of the urban population in Satu Mare County and only 20.0% of the population in the villages according to census data.<ref name="1930census">"Recensământul general al populației României din 29 Decemvrie 1930", vol. II, pag. 394, Institutul Central de Statistică, (published in French and Romanian)</ref>
The proportion of different ethnic groups varied throughout history, due to regime and political changes. After the ], the Hungarian population increased its proportion greatly, in 1880 representing 44.4% and in 1910 reaching 55.1% of the county population, according to Árpád E. Varga.<ref name="varga">"Árpád E. Varga, Hungarians in Transylvania between 1870 and 1995, Original title: Erdély magyar népessége 1870–1995 között, Published in Magyar Kisebbség 3–4, 1998 (New series IV), pp. 331–407, Translation by Tamás Sályi, Linguistic editing by Rachel Orbell, Published by Teleki László Foundation. Budapest, March 1999"</ref> After ] the Hungarian and German population declined.


The county is crossed by the ] and also ] and ].


==Economy== ==Economy==
Satu Mare County benefits from its position, on the Western border of ], and it's one of the places which attracts major foreign investment in industry and agriculture. Satu Mare County benefits from its position, close to the border of Romania with Hungary and Ukraine, and it is one of the places which attracts foreign investment in industry and agriculture.


The predominant industries in the county are: The predominant industries in the county are:
* Textiles industry. * ]s industry;
* Machine and automotive components. * Machine and automotive components;
* Food industry. * Food industry;
* Wood and furniture industry. * Wood and furniture industry.


==Tourism== ==Tourism==
The main tourist attractions in the county are: The main tourist attractions in the county are:
* The "]" on the North Eastern side of the county - strong Romanian folk traditions. * The "]", with its strong Romanian folk traditions, on the North Eastern side of the county;
* The Oaş Mountains. * The Oaș Mountains;
* The cities of ] and ]. * The cities of ] and ];
* ] Resort. * ] Resort;
* The fortifications from ] and ] * The fortifications from ] and ].

== Politics ==

The Satu Mare County Council, renewed at the ], consists of 32 counsellors, with the following party composition:<ref>{{Cite web|language=ro|url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/data/json/sicpv/pv/pv_vs_final.json|format=Json|title=Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020|publisher=Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă|access-date=2020-11-02}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
! style="background:#ccc" | Party
! style="background:#ccc" | Seats
! style="background:#ccc" colspan="15" | Current Council
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| ] (UDMR/RMDSZ)
| style="text-align: right" | '''15'''
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}} &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| ] (PNL)
| style="text-align: right" | '''10'''
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| ] (PSD)
| style="text-align: right" | '''5'''
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| ] (PMP)
| style="text-align: right" | '''2'''
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|}


==Administrative divisions== ==Administrative divisions==
The county has 2 municipalities, 2 towns and 57 communes.


] ({{langx|de|Sathmar}})]]
===Municipalities===
]]]
* ]

* ]
Satu Mare County has 2 municipalities, 4 towns, and 59 communes:

*Municipalities
**] – county seat; 102,441 (as of 2011)
**]
*Towns
**]
**]
**]
**]
{{div col|colwidth=13em}}
*Communes
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
**]
{{div col end}}

==Historical county==
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Județul Satu Mare
| other_name =
| settlement_type = County (''Județ'')
| image_skyline = Muzeul Judetean Satu Mare, fosta Prefectura.jpg
| image_caption = Satu Mare County prefecture building during the interwar period.
| image_flag =
| flag_link =
| image_shield = Interbelic Satu Mare County CoA.png
| shield_link =
| image_map = Romania 1930 county Satu Mare.png
| map_caption =
| subdivision_type = ]
| subdivision_name = ] ]
| subdivision_type2 = Historic region
| subdivision_name2 = ]
| subdivision_type3 = Capital city (''Reședință de județ'')
| subdivision_name3 = ]
| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| leader_party =
| leader_title = ]
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| established_title2 = Ceased to exist
| established_date2 =
| area_total_km2 = 4242
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 1930
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 294875
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note =
| timezone = ]
| utc_offset = +2
| timezone_DST = ]
| utc_offset_DST = +3
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code =
| footnotes =
| website =
}}
Historically, the county was located in the northwestern part of ], stretching to its borders with ] and Hungary. Its territory lay in the historical ] region. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county remained as it was, but the territory was reorganized. It was bordered on the northwest by Hungary, on the north by Czechoslovakia, to the east by ], to the southeast by ], and to the south and southwest by ]. Currently, its territory is included in the current counties of Satu Mare and ].

===Administration===
]
In 1930, the county was divided into eight districts ('']''):<ref name=Memoria></ref>

#Plasa Arded (headquartered at ])
#Plasa Baia Mare (headquartered at ])
#Plasa Mănăștur (headquartered at ])
#Plasa Oașiu (headquartered at ])
#Plasa Satu Mare (headquartered at ])
#Plasa Seini (headquartered at ])
#Plasa Șomcuta Mare (headquartered at ])
#Plasa Ugocea (headquartered at ])

The county included the city of ] (the county seat) and the urban communes ] and ].

===History===
Prior to ], the territory of the county belonged to ] and mostly was contained in the ] of the ]. In the aftermath of the war and the ensuing ], the ] entered the county in early 1919, and its administration passed to the ]. The territory of Satu Mare County was transferred to Romania from Hungary as successor state to Austria-Hungary in June 1920 under the ].

In 1938, ] promulgated a new ], and subsequently he had the administrative division of the Romanian territory changed. 10 ''ținuturi'' (approximate translation: "lands") were created (by merging the counties) to be ruled by ''rezidenți regali'' (approximate translation: "Royal Residents") - appointed directly by the King - instead of the ]. Satu Mare County became part of ].

At the end of August 1940, the county was transferred back to Hungary with the rest of ] under the ]. In October 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory, with the ] marking the complete reintegration of Northern Transylvania into Romania. Romanian jurisdiction over the county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the ]. The county was disestablished ], and its territory became part of ], which in turn was renamed the Maramureș Region in 1960. Satu Mare County was re-established in 1968, when Romania restored the county administrative system.

=== Population ===
According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 294,875, 60.5% Romanians, 25.2% Hungarians, 8.1% Jews, 3.2% Germans, as well as other minorities.<ref name=Rec_1930_394>Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 394-401</ref> From a religious point of view, the population consisted of 59.0% Greek Catholics, 15.0% Roman Catholics, 8.6% Jewish, 4.4% Eastern Orthodox, as well as other minorities.<ref name=Rec_1930_718>Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 718-721</ref>

==== Urban population ====
In 1930, the county's urban population was 69,526 inhabitants, 41.9% Hungarians, 35.0% Romanians, 18.6% Jews, 1.6% Germans, as well as other minorities. As a mother tongue in the urban area, Hungarian dominated (55.6%), followed by Romanian (31.1%), Yiddish (10.6%), German (1.4%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population consisted of 33.7% Greek Catholics, 23.0% Reformed, 20.0% Jewish, 19.6% Roman Catholic, 2.9% Eastern Orthodox, as well as other minorities.
{{clear}}

==See also==
* ], a Jewish religious group named after this place
* ] of the ]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Wikivoyage inline|Maramureș}}
*{{Commons category-inline|Satu Mare County}}


{{Counties (judete) of Romania}}
===Towns===
{{LocalitiesSatuMare}}
* ]
* ]


{{Authority control}}
{{judete}}


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Latest revision as of 07:18, 21 October 2024

County of Romania County in Nord-Vest, Romania
Satu Mare County Județul Satu MareSzatmár megye
County
Coat of arms of Satu Mare CountyCoat of arms
Administrative map of Romania with Satu Mare county highlighted
Coordinates: 47°41′N 22°53′E / 47.69°N 22.89°E / 47.69; 22.89
CountryRomania
Development regionNord-Vest
Historical regionCrișana, Maramureș
CapitalSatu Mare
Government
 • President of the County BoardCsaba Pataki [ro] (UDMR)
 • PrefectIoan Tibil [ro]
Area
 • Total4,418 km (1,706 sq mi)
 • Rank36th
Population
 • Total330,668
 • Rank31st
 • Density75/km (190/sq mi)
Telephone code(+40) 261 or (+40) 361
ISO 3166 codeRO-SM
GDP (nominal)US$ 4.540 billion (2024)
GDP per capitaUS$ 13,730 (2024)
WebsiteCounty Council
Prefecture

Satu Mare County (Romanian: Județul Satu Mare, pronounced [ˌsatu ˈmare], Hungarian: Szatmár megye) is a county (județ) of Romania, on the border with Hungary and Ukraine. The capital city is Satu Mare.

Name

In Hungarian, it is known as Szatmár megye, in German as Kreis Sathmar, in Ukrainian as Сату-Маре, and in Slovak as Satmárska župa.

Geography

Satu Mare County has a total area of 4,418 square kilometres (1,706 sq mi).

In the north are the Oaș Mountains, part of the Eastern Carpathians. This makes up around 17% of the area. The remainder is hills, forming 20% of the area, and plains. The western part of the county takes up the Eastern part of the Pannonian Plain.

The county is crossed by the Someș River, the Tur River, and Crasna River.

The county lies partly in the historical region of Maramureș and partly in the historical region of Crișana.

Neighbours

Romanian Counties AB AR AG BC BH BN BT BV BR BZ CS CL CJ CT CV DB DJ GL GR GJ HR HD IL IS IF MM MH MS NT OT PH SM SJ SB SV TR TM TL VS VL VN B

Satu Mare County, together with the Bihor, Bistrița-Năsăud, Cluj, Maramureș, and Sălaj counties, constitute the Nord-Vest development region of Romania. The county is a member of the Carpathian Euroregion.


Demographics

According to the 2021 census, the county had a population of 330,668 and the population density was 74.8/km (193.8/sq mi).

Ethnic composition of Satu Mare County (2021)

  Romanians (61.33%)  Hungarians (31.38%)  Romani (5.48%)  Germans (Sathmar Swabians) (1.25%)  Ukrainians (0.46%)  Others (0.10%)

Religious composition of Satu Mare County (2021)

  Romanian Orthodox (51.55%)  Reformed (17.16%)  Roman Catholics (16.88%)  Greek Catholics (6.50%)  Pentecostals (4.32%)  Jehovah's Witnesses (1.18%)  Baptists (0.79%)  Others (0.92%)  Irreligious,atheist and agnostic (0.71%)
Year County population
1948 312,672 Steady
1956 337,531 Increase
1966 359,393 Increase
1977 393,840 Increase
1992 400,789 Increase
2002 367,281 Decrease
2011 344,360 Decrease
2021 330,668 Decrease

Satu Mare is a culturally diverse county, with a population mix of Romanians, Hungarians, Roma, Germans, and other ethnicities. The county's largest ethnic minority, Hungarians mostly reside along the border with Hungary, but some are also scattered throughout the whole county. Historically, Hungarians were concentrated in the cities, where administration resides, while the Romanian population was larger in the villages throughout the county. In 1930, the Hungarians represented 41.9% of the urban population in Satu Mare County and only 20.0% of the population in the villages according to census data. The proportion of different ethnic groups varied throughout history, due to regime and political changes. After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, the Hungarian population increased its proportion greatly, in 1880 representing 44.4% and in 1910 reaching 55.1% of the county population, according to Árpád E. Varga. After World War I the Hungarian and German population declined.


Economy

Satu Mare County benefits from its position, close to the border of Romania with Hungary and Ukraine, and it is one of the places which attracts foreign investment in industry and agriculture.

The predominant industries in the county are:

  • Textiles industry;
  • Machine and automotive components;
  • Food industry;
  • Wood and furniture industry.

Tourism

The main tourist attractions in the county are:

Politics

The Satu Mare County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 32 counsellors, with the following party composition:

    Party Seats Current Council
  Democratic Alliance of Hungarians (UDMR/RMDSZ) 15                              
  National Liberal Party (PNL) 10                              
  Social Democratic Party (PSD) 5                              
  People's Movement Party (PMP) 2                              

Administrative divisions

Satu Mare (German: Sathmar)
The Karolyi castle, Carei

Satu Mare County has 2 municipalities, 4 towns, and 59 communes:

Historical county

County in Romania
Județul Satu Mare
County (Județ)
Satu Mare County prefecture building during the interwar period.Satu Mare County prefecture building during the interwar period.
Coat of arms of Județul Satu MareCoat of arms
Country Romania
Historic regionCrișana
Capital city (Reședință de județ)Satu Mare
Area
 • Total4,242 km (1,638 sq mi)
Population
 • Total294,875
 • Density70/km (180/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Historically, the county was located in the northwestern part of Greater Romania, stretching to its borders with Czechoslovakia and Hungary. Its territory lay in the historical Crișana region. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county remained as it was, but the territory was reorganized. It was bordered on the northwest by Hungary, on the north by Czechoslovakia, to the east by Maramureș County, to the southeast by Someș County, and to the south and southwest by Sălaj County. Currently, its territory is included in the current counties of Satu Mare and Maramureș.

Administration

Map of Satu Mare County as constituted in 1938.

In 1930, the county was divided into eight districts (plăși):

  1. Plasa Arded (headquartered at Arded)
  2. Plasa Baia Mare (headquartered at Baia Mare)
  3. Plasa Mănăștur (headquartered at Mănăștur)
  4. Plasa Oașiu (headquartered at Oașiu)
  5. Plasa Satu Mare (headquartered at Satu Mare)
  6. Plasa Seini (headquartered at Seini)
  7. Plasa Șomcuta Mare (headquartered at Șomcuta Mare)
  8. Plasa Ugocea (headquartered at Ugocea)

The county included the city of Satu Mare (the county seat) and the urban communes Baia Mare and Baia Sprie.

History

Prior to World War I, the territory of the county belonged to Austria-Hungary and mostly was contained in the Szatmár County of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the aftermath of the war and the ensuing Hungarian–Romanian War, the Romanian Army entered the county in early 1919, and its administration passed to the Kingdom of Romania. The territory of Satu Mare County was transferred to Romania from Hungary as successor state to Austria-Hungary in June 1920 under the Treaty of Trianon.

In 1938, King Carol II promulgated a new Constitution, and subsequently he had the administrative division of the Romanian territory changed. 10 ținuturi (approximate translation: "lands") were created (by merging the counties) to be ruled by rezidenți regali (approximate translation: "Royal Residents") - appointed directly by the King - instead of the prefects. Satu Mare County became part of Ținutul Crișuri.

At the end of August 1940, the county was transferred back to Hungary with the rest of Northern Transylvania under the Second Vienna Award. In October 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory, with the Battle of Carei marking the complete reintegration of Northern Transylvania into Romania. Romanian jurisdiction over the county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947. The county was disestablished by the communist government of Romania in 1950, and its territory became part of Baia Mare Region, which in turn was renamed the Maramureș Region in 1960. Satu Mare County was re-established in 1968, when Romania restored the county administrative system.

Population

According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 294,875, 60.5% Romanians, 25.2% Hungarians, 8.1% Jews, 3.2% Germans, as well as other minorities. From a religious point of view, the population consisted of 59.0% Greek Catholics, 15.0% Roman Catholics, 8.6% Jewish, 4.4% Eastern Orthodox, as well as other minorities.

Urban population

In 1930, the county's urban population was 69,526 inhabitants, 41.9% Hungarians, 35.0% Romanians, 18.6% Jews, 1.6% Germans, as well as other minorities. As a mother tongue in the urban area, Hungarian dominated (55.6%), followed by Romanian (31.1%), Yiddish (10.6%), German (1.4%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population consisted of 33.7% Greek Catholics, 23.0% Reformed, 20.0% Jewish, 19.6% Roman Catholic, 2.9% Eastern Orthodox, as well as other minorities.

See also

References

  1. "Populaţia rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021" (XLS). National Institute of Statistics.
  2. The number used depends on the numbering system employed by the phone companies on the market.
  3. "Rezultate definitive: Caracteristici etno-culturale demografice". Recensamantromania.ro. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
  4. National Institute of Statistics, https://insse.ro/cms/files/RPL2002INS/vol1/tabele/t01.pdf "Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992, 2002 și 2011"]
  5. "Recensământul general al populației României din 29 Decemvrie 1930", vol. II, pag. 394, Institutul Central de Statistică, (published in French and Romanian)
  6. "Árpád E. Varga, Hungarians in Transylvania between 1870 and 1995, Original title: Erdély magyar népessége 1870–1995 között, Published in Magyar Kisebbség 3–4, 1998 (New series IV), pp. 331–407, Translation by Tamás Sályi, Linguistic editing by Rachel Orbell, Published by Teleki László Foundation. Budapest, March 1999"
  7. "Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020" (Json) (in Romanian). Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  8. Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Satu Mare
  9. Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 394-401
  10. Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 718-721

External links

Counties (județe) of Romania
Satu Mare County, Romania
Cities Coat of arms of Satu Mare County
Towns
Communes
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