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			{{Short description\|British neurologist (1895–1966)}}
	'''Dr Walter Russell Brain, 1st Baron Brain''' (] ]–] ]) was a ] ]. He was principal author of the standard work of neurology, "Brain's Diseases of the Nervous System", and longtime editor of the neurological ] titled '']''. He is also eponymised with "Brain's reflex", a reflex exhibited by humans when assuming the quadripedian position.
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=November 2020}}
			{{Infobox scientist
			\| honorific_prefix = ]
			\| name = The Lord Brain
			\| native_name_lang =
			\| image = Sir Russell Brain, 1956.jpg
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			\| caption =Brain in 1956
			\| birth_name = Walter Russell Brain
			\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=y\|1895\|10\|23}}
			\| birth_place = ]
			\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=y\|1966\|12\|29\|1895\|10\|23}}
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			\| influences =
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			\| awards = ]<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal \| last1 = Pickering \| first1 = G. W. \| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1968.0004 \| title = Walter Russell Brain First Baron Brain of Eynsham 1895-1966 \| journal = ] \| volume = 14 \| pages = 61–82\| year = 1968 \| doi-access = free }}</ref>
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			}}'''Walter Russell Brain, 1st Baron Brain''' (23 October 1895 – 29 December 1966) was a British ]. He was principal author of the standard work on neurology, ''Brain's Diseases of the Nervous System'', and longtime editor of the neurological ] titled '']''. He is also eponymised with "]", a reflex exhibited by humans when assuming the ] position.<ref name="frs"/><ref name="odnb">{{Cite ODNB\| title = Brain, Walter Russell, first Baron Brain\| doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/32035 \| year = 2004 }}</ref>

			==Career==
	Brain studied medicine at ], where he obtained his BMBCh in ] and a DM in ]. He became a fellow of the ] in ] and specialised in neurology. Apart from his clinical practice, he was a member on a large number of government committees pertaining to physicial and mental health, and was involved in the care of ] on the latter's deathbed in ].
			{{Moresources\|section\|date=June 2023}}
			Brain was educated at ] and ], where he started to study history, but disliked it. The ] having begun in 1914, the following year he joined the ] as an alternative to volunteering for combat, and was sent to ], moving later to the ] in ], attached to the ] department. On the introduction of ] in 1916, his work enabled him to be exempted as a ].

			After the war he returned to New College, and studied medicine, obtaining his ] in 1922 and a ] in 1925; he specialised in neurology. Apart from his clinical practice, he was a member of a large number of government committees pertaining to physical and mental health, and was involved in the care of ] on the latter's deathbed in 1965.
	He was ] in ], made a baronet in ], and in ] created '''Baron Brain''', of ], ]. He married Stella Langdon-Down and had a daughter, Janet, and two sons, Christopher (b. ]) and Michael (b. ]). Christopher succeeded him as the 2nd Baron Brain.

			He was elected a fellow of the ] in 1931 and was president of that college from 1950 to 1956.{{cn\|date=June 2023}}
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	{{succession box \| before=New creation \| title=] \| after=] \| years=}}
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			He was ] in 1952,<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=39480 \|date=29 February 1952 \|page=1191}}</ref> made a baronet on 29 June 1954,<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=40224 \|date=6 July 1954 \|page=3959}}</ref> and on 26 January 1962, was created '''Baron Brain''', of ] in the ].<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=42582 \|date=26 January 1962 \|page=683}}</ref> In March 1964, he was elected a ].<ref>{{cite web \| url= http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27brain%27%29\| title= Library and Archive Catalogue\| publisher= Royal Society\|access-date= 18 December 2010}}{{dead link\|date=January 2016}}</ref>
	==Sources==

	*
			In 1964, he gave the presidential address (''Science and Behaviour'') to the ] meeting in Southampton.<ref>{{cite journal\|author=Burton, K. J.\|author2=Renn, D. F.\|title=The British Association for the Advancement of Science: The Southampton Meeting\|journal=Journal of the Institute of Actuaries\|date=Sep 1965\|volume=91\|issue=2\|pages=199–202\|doi=10.1017/S0020268100038774 \|jstor=41140083}}</ref> In this address he discussed how humanity was approaching the ] and he reiterated ]'s warning that "A muddled state of mind is prevalent. The increased plasticity of the environment for mankind, resulting from the advances in scientific technology, is being construed in terms of habits of thought which find their justification in the theory of a fixed environment."<ref name=Hertz>{{cite journal\|last1=Hertz\|first1=David\|title=The Unity of Science and Management\|journal=Management Science\|year=1965\|volume=11\|issue=6 series B\|pages=B89–B97\|doi=10.1287/mnsc.11.6.b89}}</ref>

			==Family==
			{{moresources\|section\|date=June 2023}}
			He married Stella Langdon-Down and had two sons, Christopher (1926-2014)<ref>Notices, ''The Telegraph'', London, UK.</ref> and Michael Cottrell Brain (b. 1928) and one daughter, Janet Stella Brain (b. 1931). Janet went on to marry Dr. ]. Christopher Langdon Brain succeeded his father as the 2nd Baron Brain.<ref>Notices, ''The Telegraph'', London, UK.</ref> Upon the 2nd Baron's death in 2014, his brother, Michael, succeeded as 3rd Baron Brain.

			==Religious beliefs==
			He became a ] in 1931 and gave the ] in 1944, 'Man, society and religion', in which he stressed the importance of a social conscience.

			==Arms==
			{{Infobox COA wide
			\|image = ] ]
			\|escutcheon = Per pale Or and Argent three cats' heads erased Gules.
			\|crest = A falcon Sable armed and belled Or supporting with the dexter claw a representation of the Silver Staff of Office of the President of the Royal College of Physicians of London Proper.
			\|motto = Mens Stella Cerebri<ref>{{cite book\|title=Burke's Peerage \|year=1959}}</ref>}}

			==See also==
			* ]
			* ]

			==References==
			{{reflist}}

			==Further reading==
	*		*
			* {{Rayment\|external links=y\|date=February 2012}}
	{{rayment}}

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			{{succession box \|title=] \|before=] \|after=] \|years=1950–1956}}
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			{{s-ttl\|title=]\|years=1962–1966}}
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			{{s-reg\|uk-bt}}
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			{{s-ttl\|title=]'''<br />(of Reading)'''\|years=1954–1966}}
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			{{s-end}}

			{{Authority control}}

			{{DEFAULTSORT:Brain, Russell}}
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			{{Presidents of the Royal College of Physicians}}
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Latest revision as of 17:57, 27 December 2024

British neurologist (1895–1966)

The Right HonourableThe Lord Brain
Brain in 1956
Born	Walter Russell Brain (1895-10-23)23 October 1895 Reading, England
Died	29 December 1966(1966-12-29) (aged 71)
Alma mater	New College, Oxford
Known for	Brain's reflex
Awards	Fellow of the Royal Society
Scientific career
Institutions	University of Oxford

Walter Russell Brain, 1st Baron Brain (23 October 1895 – 29 December 1966) was a British neurologist. He was principal author of the standard work on neurology, Brain's Diseases of the Nervous System, and longtime editor of the neurological medical journal titled Brain. He is also eponymised with "Brain's reflex", a reflex exhibited by humans when assuming the quadrupedal position.

Career

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Brain was educated at Mill Hill School and New College, Oxford, where he started to study history, but disliked it. The First World War having begun in 1914, the following year he joined the Friends' Ambulance Unit as an alternative to volunteering for combat, and was sent to York, moving later to the King George Hospital in London, attached to the X-ray department. On the introduction of conscription in 1916, his work enabled him to be exempted as a conscientious objector.

After the war he returned to New College, and studied medicine, obtaining his BM BCh in 1922 and a DM in 1925; he specialised in neurology. Apart from his clinical practice, he was a member of a large number of government committees pertaining to physical and mental health, and was involved in the care of Winston Churchill on the latter's deathbed in 1965.

He was elected a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1931 and was president of that college from 1950 to 1956.

He was knighted in 1952, made a baronet on 29 June 1954, and on 26 January 1962, was created Baron Brain, of Eynsham in the County of Oxford. In March 1964, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society.

In 1964, he gave the presidential address (Science and Behaviour) to the British Association meeting in Southampton. In this address he discussed how humanity was approaching the anthropocene and he reiterated Alfred North Whitehead's warning that "A muddled state of mind is prevalent. The increased plasticity of the environment for mankind, resulting from the advances in scientific technology, is being construed in terms of habits of thought which find their justification in the theory of a fixed environment."

Family

He married Stella Langdon-Down and had two sons, Christopher (1926-2014) and Michael Cottrell Brain (b. 1928) and one daughter, Janet Stella Brain (b. 1931). Janet went on to marry Dr. Leonard Arthur. Christopher Langdon Brain succeeded his father as the 2nd Baron Brain. Upon the 2nd Baron's death in 2014, his brother, Michael, succeeded as 3rd Baron Brain.

Religious beliefs

He became a Quaker in 1931 and gave the Swarthmore Lecture in 1944, 'Man, society and religion', in which he stressed the importance of a social conscience.

Arms

Coat of arms of Russell Brain, 1st Baron Brain
	Crest A falcon Sable armed and belled Or supporting with the dexter claw a representation of the Silver Staff of Office of the President of the Royal College of Physicians of London Proper. Escutcheon Per pale Or and Argent three cats' heads erased Gules. Motto Mens Stella Cerebri

References

^ Pickering, G. W. (1968). "Walter Russell Brain First Baron Brain of Eynsham 1895-1966". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 14: 61–82. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1968.0004.
"Brain, Walter Russell, first Baron Brain". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32035. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
"No. 39480". The London Gazette. 29 February 1952. p. 1191.
"No. 40224". The London Gazette. 6 July 1954. p. 3959.
"No. 42582". The London Gazette. 26 January 1962. p. 683.
"Library and Archive Catalogue". Royal Society. Retrieved 18 December 2010.
Burton, K. J.; Renn, D. F. (September 1965). "The British Association for the Advancement of Science: The Southampton Meeting". Journal of the Institute of Actuaries. 91 (2): 199–202. doi:10.1017/S0020268100038774. JSTOR 41140083.
Hertz, David (1965). "The Unity of Science and Management". Management Science. 11 (6 series B): B89–B97. doi:10.1287/mnsc.11.6.b89.
Notices, The Telegraph, London, UK.
Notices, The Telegraph, London, UK.
Burke's Peerage. 1959.

Academic offices
Preceded byThe Lord Moran	President of the Royal College of Physicians 1950–1956	Succeeded byRobert Platt
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation	Baron Brain 1962–1966	Succeeded byChristopher Brain
Baronetage of the United Kingdom
New creation	Baronet (of Reading) 1954–1966	Succeeded byChristopher Brain