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{{Short description|Ukrainian journalist, politician, and military commander}}
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'''Richard Franz Marian Yary''' (Yaryga, a.k. as Karpat, and Riko Yary) (1898–1969) was an Ukrainian politician and military figure. '''Richard Franz Marian Yary''' (also: Riko Yary, {{langx |uk| Ріхард Ярий | translit = Rykhard Yaryi}}, {{langx |pl| Richard Jary}}, {{langx |de| Riko Jary}}; pseudonyms: "Yaryga", "Karpat", "Riko") (1898–1969) was a Ukrainian nationalist journalist, politician and military figure.


Born in ], ] (then part of ]) in present-day Poland, he became one of the highest functionaries of the ] (OUN) and a close associate of and advisor to ].
One of the highest functionaries of the ]. Born in ], Galicia (then ]). According the historian O.Kucheruk Yary was of Hungarian-Jewish descent<ref>О.Кучерук "Рико Ярий - загадка ОУН" Львів, ЛА "ПІРАМІДА" 2005 р.</ref>, he was also married to Olga Rosalie Spielvogel, a Jewish woman from ].


==Origin==
⚫ In 1912, he completed his studies in the Military Academny in ]. In the years of World War I (1914–18), he was an officer in the 9th Dragoons Legion of the ]. In 1918, he went over to the side of the ] (UHA) and commanded a sniper division and later the 2nd cavalry. In 1919, he fought with the 5th Kherson battalion of the ]. In 1920, as part of the battalion he was interned in ] and was in an internment camp in ].
According to the Yary family legend the Yarys descended from a Ukrainian Cossack wounded during the Siege of Vienna in 1685.


According to historians O. Kucheruk and Z. Knysh, Yary was of patrilineal Czech and matrilineal Hungarian-Jewish descent<ref>О.Кучерук "Рико Ярий - загадка ОУН" Львів, ЛА "ПІРАМІДА" 2005 р.</ref>{{Page needed|date=September 2010}}(Polish rather than Hungarian (maiden name "Pollack") according to Patrylyak<ref>І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 p.261-262)</ref>).{{Failed verification|date=February 2010}}. Yary's Jewish descent was affirmed by the historian Z. Knysh, but denied by P. Mirchuk who affirmed that Yary was not Jewish, but was denounced as such by his enemies in ], and Knysh himself was Yary's personal enemy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrcenter.com/Library/read.asp?id=7097&page=13|title=Революційний змаг за УССД|date=2008-04-25|language=uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917060116/http://www.ukrcenter.com/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%80%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA/25838/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D0%A3%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%94|archive-date=2011-09-17}}</ref>
From 1921-29, he was an active member of the ] ], one of the closest advisers to ]. In January 1929, he took part in the ] in Vienna where the formation of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists ] was announced. From 1937-38, he became the communications officer between Yevhen Konovaletz and admiral ] of the ], and directed espionage training courses of the UVO organized by the ]. He became an agent of the Special services, and was the informant for discussions between Y. Konovaletz and the Japanese Military Attache.

⚫ Yary's influence on ] was the instrumental in the division of the OUN into its two factions. After the division, he stayed with the OUN(b) (Bandera faction). In November 1940, he arranged contact between Bandera and the Abwehr and set up the ] and at his initiative formed the ] and ]. After the ] he was given the portfolio of Ambassador to Japan. In 1942, he lived in ], actively criticised the formation of the ] in the occupational Ukrainian press. In 1943, he was arrested by the ] and was sent to the ] concentration camp. After the war, he returned to his own house in Austria in the Soviet occupational sector. The Soviet occupation forces made no attempt to arrest him, which has led to a suspicion that he might have worked for the Soviet intelligence. After the war, he left political life entirely.
===Family===
Yary married Olga Rosalie Spielvogel, a Jewish woman from ] in 1923.

==In the military==
⚫ In 1912, he completed his studies in the Military Academy in ], and commanded a sapper battalion after graduation<ref>І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 p.261-262</ref>{{Failed verification|date=February 2010}}. In the years of World War I (1914–18), he was an officer in the 9th Dragoons Legion of the ]. In 1918, he went over to the side of the ] (UHA) and commanded a sniper division and later the 2nd cavalry. In 1919, he fought with the 5th Kherson battalion of the ]. In 1920, as part of the battalion he was interned in ] and was held at an internment camp in ].

==In the OUN==
From 1921-29, he was an active member of the ] (UVO), one of the closest advisers to ]. In January 1929, he took part in the ] in Vienna, where the formation of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists ] was announced. In 1933 Yary attempted to obtain a post at the Ukrainian Institute founded by hetman Skoropadsky in Berlin (on OUN's behalf), but he could not secure an appointment due to opposition from the Nazi authorities. This attempt led to a smear campaign in the Polish press that accused Yary and Konovalets of being German agents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://referaty.com.ua/ukr/details/949/3/|title = Скачати реферат на тему: Створення та діяльність ОУН}}</ref> From 1937-38, he became the liaison officer between Yevhen Konovaletz and admiral ] of the ], and directed espionage training courses of the UVO organized by the ]. He became an agent of the Special services{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}}, and was an adviser during the discussions between Y. Konovaletz and the Japanese Military Attache. During the 1930s Yary was one of the members of the ''Provid'', or leadership council, of the ]. He was the only member of the Provid to side with Bandera when the organizations split into Bandera and Melnyk factions. According to later claims by members of the Russian Social Democratic party in exile he was also a Soviet agent at the time<ref name=Yarovy> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123182552/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/BANDERA%2C%20STEFAN_0018.pdf |date=6 December 1951 }}</ref>. Yary's support for Bandera turned some Ukrainians against Bandera because it was considered suspicious that of all the members of the OUN's leadership council, only the one of not fully Ukrainian ethnicity chose to follow Bandera.<ref>John Armstrong (1963). ''Ukrainian Nationalism''. New York: Columbia University Press, pg. 62 .</ref>
⚫ Yary's influence on ] was instrumental in the division of the OUN into its two factions. After the division, he stayed with the OUN(b) (Bandera faction). In November 1940, he arranged contact between Bandera and the Abwehr and set up the ]. On his initiative, the ] and ] were formed. After the ] he was given the portfolio of Ambassador to Japan. At the same time, there were reports by the ] that Yary and his wife were Jewish, and as such subject to persecution.<ref>Bundesarchiv (BA).- Koblenz. / R 58/214 f. 69.</ref> After the abrogation by the Nazis of the independent Ukrainian State, Yary left the ] and from 1942 he lived in the Rumanian-occupied ]. In 1943, he was arrested by the ] and was sent to the ].

==After World War II==
After the war, he returned to his own house in Austria in the Soviet occupational sector. The Soviet occupation forces made no attempt to arrest him, which has led to suspicions that he might have worked for the Soviet intelligence. However, after retiring in Austria, in order to avoid Soviet persecution, he moved to the British sector. After the war, he left political life entirely. According to another source, in the 1950s, Yary became active in OUNb again.{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}}


==Notes== ==Notes==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}

==Sources== ==Sources==
* (In Ukrainian) О.Кучерук "Рико Ярий - загадка ОУН" Львів, ЛА "ПІРАМІДА" 2005.
* (In Russian) Chuyev, Sergei - Ukrainskyj Legion - Moscow, 2006 * (In Russian) Chuyev, Sergei - Ukrainskyj Legion - Moscow, 2006
* І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 p.&nbsp;261-262
* "Енциклопедія українознавства" - Riko Yary

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Latest revision as of 23:01, 21 December 2024

Ukrainian journalist, politician, and military commander
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Richard Riko Jary

Richard Franz Marian Yary (also: Riko Yary, Ukrainian: Ріхард Ярий, romanized: Rykhard Yaryi, Polish: Richard Jary, German: Riko Jary; pseudonyms: "Yaryga", "Karpat", "Riko") (1898–1969) was a Ukrainian nationalist journalist, politician and military figure.

Born in Rzeszów, Galicia (then part of Austria-Hungary) in present-day Poland, he became one of the highest functionaries of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and a close associate of and advisor to Stepan Bandera.

Origin

According to the Yary family legend the Yarys descended from a Ukrainian Cossack wounded during the Siege of Vienna in 1685.

According to historians O. Kucheruk and Z. Knysh, Yary was of patrilineal Czech and matrilineal Hungarian-Jewish descent(Polish rather than Hungarian (maiden name "Pollack") according to Patrylyak).. Yary's Jewish descent was affirmed by the historian Z. Knysh, but denied by P. Mirchuk who affirmed that Yary was not Jewish, but was denounced as such by his enemies in OUN-M, and Knysh himself was Yary's personal enemy.

Family

Yary married Olga Rosalie Spielvogel, a Jewish woman from Peremyshliany in 1923.

In the military

In 1912, he completed his studies in the Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt, and commanded a sapper battalion after graduation. In the years of World War I (1914–18), he was an officer in the 9th Dragoons Legion of the Austrian Army. In 1918, he went over to the side of the Ukrainian Galician Army (UHA) and commanded a sniper division and later the 2nd cavalry. In 1919, he fought with the 5th Kherson battalion of the Ukrainian National Republic. In 1920, as part of the battalion he was interned in Czechoslovakia and was held at an internment camp in Uzhhorod.

In the OUN

From 1921-29, he was an active member of the Ukrainian Military Organization (UVO), one of the closest advisers to Yevhen Konovaletz. In January 1929, he took part in the First Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists in Vienna, where the formation of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists OUN was announced. In 1933 Yary attempted to obtain a post at the Ukrainian Institute founded by hetman Skoropadsky in Berlin (on OUN's behalf), but he could not secure an appointment due to opposition from the Nazi authorities. This attempt led to a smear campaign in the Polish press that accused Yary and Konovalets of being German agents. From 1937-38, he became the liaison officer between Yevhen Konovaletz and admiral Wilhelm Canaris of the Abwehr, and directed espionage training courses of the UVO organized by the Abwehr. He became an agent of the Special services, and was an adviser during the discussions between Y. Konovaletz and the Japanese Military Attache. During the 1930s Yary was one of the members of the Provid, or leadership council, of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. He was the only member of the Provid to side with Bandera when the organizations split into Bandera and Melnyk factions. According to later claims by members of the Russian Social Democratic party in exile he was also a Soviet agent at the time. Yary's support for Bandera turned some Ukrainians against Bandera because it was considered suspicious that of all the members of the OUN's leadership council, only the one of not fully Ukrainian ethnicity chose to follow Bandera. Yary's influence on Stepan Bandera was instrumental in the division of the OUN into its two factions. After the division, he stayed with the OUN(b) (Bandera faction). In November 1940, he arranged contact between Bandera and the Abwehr and set up the Vienna Bureau of the OUN(b). On his initiative, the Nachtigall and Roland Battalion were formed. After the Proclamation of Ukrainian Independence he was given the portfolio of Ambassador to Japan. At the same time, there were reports by the Einsatzgruppe B that Yary and his wife were Jewish, and as such subject to persecution. After the abrogation by the Nazis of the independent Ukrainian State, Yary left the General Government and from 1942 he lived in the Rumanian-occupied Bukovina. In 1943, he was arrested by the Gestapo and was sent to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.

After World War II

After the war, he returned to his own house in Austria in the Soviet occupational sector. The Soviet occupation forces made no attempt to arrest him, which has led to suspicions that he might have worked for the Soviet intelligence. However, after retiring in Austria, in order to avoid Soviet persecution, he moved to the British sector. After the war, he left political life entirely. According to another source, in the 1950s, Yary became active in OUNb again.

Notes

  1. О.Кучерук "Рико Ярий - загадка ОУН" Львів, ЛА "ПІРАМІДА" 2005 р.
  2. І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 p.261-262)
  3. "Революційний змаг за УССД" (in Ukrainian). 2008-04-25. Archived from the original on 2011-09-17.
  4. І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 p.261-262
  5. "Скачати реферат на тему: Створення та діяльність ОУН".
  6. Petro Yarovy, Central Intelligence Agency, Stepan A. Bandera and the 1941 "Ukrainian State, Sotsialistichaskiy Vestnik, No.6-.4; 1951 Archived 23 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  7. John Armstrong (1963). Ukrainian Nationalism. New York: Columbia University Press, pg. 62 .
  8. Bundesarchiv (BA).- Koblenz. / R 58/214 f. 69.

Sources

  • (In Ukrainian) О.Кучерук "Рико Ярий - загадка ОУН" Львів, ЛА "ПІРАМІДА" 2005.
  • (In Russian) Chuyev, Sergei - Ukrainskyj Legion - Moscow, 2006
  • І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 p. 261-262
  • "Енциклопедія українознавства" - Riko Yary
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