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{{Short description|Type of knitted garment with an open front}}
{{Otheruses4|the sweater|the rock band|The Cardigans}}
{{Unreferenced|date=April 2008}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox clothing type
{{Otheruses|Cardigan}}
| name = Cardigan
| image_file = NMA.0038588, Fashion Photo by Erik Holmén 1947.jpg
| image_size = 175px
| caption = Cardigan in fashion photo from 1947
| type = Knitted garment
| material = Many
| location =
| manufacturer = Many
}}


A '''cardigan''' is a type of knitted ] that has an open front, and is worn like a ].<ref>{{cite dictionary|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cardigan|title=cardigan|dictionary=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary|access-date=27 May 2018|archive-date=28 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528052026/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cardigan|url-status=live}}</ref>
]
A '''cardigan''' is a type of ] (or jumper) that ties, ] or ] down the front; by contrast, a ] does not open in front, but forms a solid tube around the torso. The cardigan was named after ], a British military commander, following his service in the ]{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}}. It is usually ] from ] or ] although cheaper ones may be partially acrylic. Cardigans are available for both genders.


==Description==
Plain cardigans are nowadays often worn over shirts and inside suit jackets as a kind of less formal waistcoat that keeps neckties out of the way when the jacket has been removed.
]
]]]
Commonly cardigans are open fronted, have buttons, and are often knitted or woven: garments that are tied are instead considered a robe.
Knit garments with zippers can also be referred to as a cardigan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Consumer Price Index Apparel Manual|publisher=U.S. Department of labor, Bureau of labor statistics|year=1991|pages=53}}</ref> A current fashion trend has the garment with no buttons or zipper and hangs open by design.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} By contrast, a ] (or sweater) does not open in front but must be "pulled over" the head to be worn. It may be machine- or hand-]. Traditionally, cardigans were made of ] but can now be made of ], ]s, or any combination thereof.{{fact|date=June 2022}} In British English, a baby's short cardigan is known as a matinee jacket.<ref>MATINÉE COAT definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary (collinsdictionary.com)


</ref>
==Knitting and design==
] that ] down the front.]]
The torso of a cardigan is often ] as a single piece in a simple ]. By contrast, knitting a ] as a single piece requires ]. Alternatively, the body of the cardigan may be knit in three pieces, one for the back and two for the front.


==History==
Although all types of necklines are found in cardigans, the ] is especially popular. The ] in front of a cardigan allows for many fashionable variations. For example, it need not be straight, but can cross diagonally (surplice style); it may also be lined with frills or cut away to form a ].
The cardigan was named after ], a ] ] who led the ] at the ] during the ].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.racked.com/2017/10/3/16380180/cardigans-history|title=This Bookish Sweater Has a Violent History|last=le Zotte|first=Jennifer|date=3 October 2017|work=Racked|access-date=3 October 2017|archive-date=11 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011051313/https://www.racked.com/2017/10/3/16380180/cardigans-history|url-status=live}}</ref> It is modelled after the knitted wool ] that British officers supposedly wore during the war. The legend of the event and the fame that Lord Cardigan achieved after the war led to the rise of the garment's popularity – supposedly, Brudenell invented the cardigan after noticing that the tails of his coat had accidentally been burnt off in a fireplace.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.cardigansweater.com/| title= What is a Cardigan? – Cardigan Sweater History| website= CardiganSweater.com| access-date= 10 March 2010| archive-date= 26 February 2021| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210226070116/http://cardigansweater.com/| url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last= David| first= Saul |year= 1997| title= The Homicidal Earl: The Life of Lord Cardigan| location= London| publisher= Little, Brown| pages= 431–436| isbn= 0316641650}}</ref>


The term originally referred only to a knitted sleeveless ], but expanded to other types of garment over time. ] is credited with popularizing cardigans for women because "she hated how tight-necked men's sweaters messed up her hair when she pulled them over her head."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Geller|first1=Allison|title=The Military Origins of the Cardigan|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/06/the-military-origins-of-the-cardigan/488252/|access-date=24 June 2016|work=]|date=24 June 2016|archive-date=25 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625130211/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/06/the-military-origins-of-the-cardigan/488252/|url-status=live}}</ref> The garment is mostly associated with the college culture of the Roaring Twenties and early 1930s, being also popular throughout the 1950s, 1970s, 1990s, 2000s and into the early 2010s.{{fact|date=June 2022}}
A special type of cardigan is a ] which is mostly just sleeves, with only a strip of fabric running along the back, resembling a scaled down vest.


==Usage==
Long heavy cardigans with zipper fronts and tall rolled-over collars, popular in Canada, are known as ]s or ].
Plain cardigans are often worn over shirts and inside ] as a less formal version of the ] or vest that restrains the ] when the jacket has been removed. Its versatility means it can be worn in casual or formal settings and in any season, but it is most popular during cool weather.

Monochromatic cardigans, in sleeved or vest form, may be viewed as a conservative fashion staple. As an item of formal clothing for any gender, it is worn over a button-down ]. A less formal style is wearing a ] underneath.

]s for college and high school sports teams have been applied to cardigans and ]s.

==In popular culture==
* Singer ] wore cardigans on the television program '']''. The trademark sweaters complemented his easy-going style of singing.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=flZ0wqsOnjkC&q=perry+como&pg=PA1071 |title=The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows |publisher=Ballantine Books |year=1987 |isbn=0-345-49773-2 |editor-last=Brooks |editor-first=Tim |pages=1071–1072 |access-date=14 April 2010 |editor-last2=Marsh |editor-first2=Earle F.}}</ref><ref name="PA">{{Cite web |last=Denisova |first=Maria |title=Como, Perry |url=http://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Como__Perry.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209112516/http://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Como__Perry.html |archive-date=9 December 2007 |access-date=4 April 2010 |website=Pennsylvania Center for the Book, ]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Philbin |first=Regis |author-link=Regis Philbin |date=18 October 1991 |title=DVD: ''The Best of Perry Como: Volume One'' (review) |url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,315904,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222191348/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,315904,00.html |archive-date=22 December 2009 |access-date=30 April 2010 |magazine=]}}</ref>
* ], star of the long-running children's program '']'', donned a cardigan at the beginning of each episode. The cardigans were made by his mother and closed with a zipper instead of buttons.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NMAH – Mister Rogers' Sweater |url=http://go.si.edu/ct/Ud1111119PDS/Mr_Rogers |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703001012/http://americanhistory.si.edu/news/factsheet.cfm?key=30&newskey=47 |archive-date=3 July 2007 |access-date=2007-05-31 |publisher=National Museum of American History |quote=The red sweater, knitted by his late mother, was donated to the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History by Fred Rogers on November 20, 1984.}}</ref>
* ] popularised cardigans, wearing it in the 1968 action thriller film '']'' and in his personal life.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2019 |title=Steve McQueen's Son Sues Tom Ford Over McQueen |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/steve-mcqueens-son-sues-tom-ford-cardigan-line-1198320 |access-date=28 August 2020 |website=] |archive-date=7 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107234720/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/steve-mcqueens-son-sues-tom-ford-cardigan-line-1198320 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ] of the band ] wore vintage cardigans. The sweater he wore during ]'s '']'' concert sold at auction for $137,500 ({{inflation|US|137500|2015|fmt=eq}}){{inflation/fn|US}} in November 2015. It was reported to have a burn hole, a button missing, and discoloration around the pockets.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Grossman |first=Samantha |date=5 November 2015 |title=Kurt Cobain's ''Unplugged'' Sweater Sells for $137,500 |url=https://time.com/4106514/kurt-cobain-sweater-auction/ |access-date=17 March 2016 |magazine=]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Garcia |first=Patricia |date=9 November 2015 |title=Kurt Cobain's ''MTV Unplugged'' Cardigan Sold for $137,500 |url=http://www.vogue.com/13369412/kurt-cobain-sweater-sale/ |access-date=17 March 2016 |magazine=]}}</ref> In 2019 it was re auctioned for $334,000 ({{inflation|US|334000|2019|fmt=eq}}).{{inflation/fn|US}}<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Kreps |first=Daniel |date=October 26, 2019 |title=Kurt Cobain's 'Unplugged' Sweater Sells for Record $334,000 at Auction |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/kurt-cobain-unplugged-sweater-sells-334000-auction-904246/ |magazine=] |access-date=29 July 2024 |archive-date=12 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412210312/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/kurt-cobain-unplugged-sweater-sells-334000-auction-904246/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Singer-songwriter ] wrote a song called "]" and used cardigans as part of her merchandise accompanying the song and her eighth studio album, '']'' (2020).
* ] are a Swedish rock band formed in 1992, best known for the singles "]" and "]".


==See also== ==See also==
*]
{{Commons|Cardigan (sweater)}}
* ] *]


==References==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cardigan (Sweater)}}
{{reflist}}
⚫ ]

⚫ ]
==External links==
*{{Commons-inline}}
*{{Commonscat-inline|Cardigans}}

{{Clothing}}

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Latest revision as of 01:42, 11 December 2024

Type of knitted garment with an open front

Cardigan
Cardigan in fashion photo from 1947
TypeKnitted garment
MaterialMany
ManufacturerMany

A cardigan is a type of knitted garment that has an open front, and is worn like a jacket.

Description

A baggy cardigan
A tightly fitting cardigan with a blouse

Commonly cardigans are open fronted, have buttons, and are often knitted or woven: garments that are tied are instead considered a robe. Knit garments with zippers can also be referred to as a cardigan. A current fashion trend has the garment with no buttons or zipper and hangs open by design. By contrast, a pullover (or sweater) does not open in front but must be "pulled over" the head to be worn. It may be machine- or hand-knitted. Traditionally, cardigans were made of wool but can now be made of cotton, synthetic fibers, or any combination thereof. In British English, a baby's short cardigan is known as a matinee jacket.

History

The cardigan was named after James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan, a British Army major general who led the Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War. It is modelled after the knitted wool waistcoat that British officers supposedly wore during the war. The legend of the event and the fame that Lord Cardigan achieved after the war led to the rise of the garment's popularity – supposedly, Brudenell invented the cardigan after noticing that the tails of his coat had accidentally been burnt off in a fireplace.

The term originally referred only to a knitted sleeveless vest, but expanded to other types of garment over time. Coco Chanel is credited with popularizing cardigans for women because "she hated how tight-necked men's sweaters messed up her hair when she pulled them over her head." The garment is mostly associated with the college culture of the Roaring Twenties and early 1930s, being also popular throughout the 1950s, 1970s, 1990s, 2000s and into the early 2010s.

Usage

Plain cardigans are often worn over shirts and inside suit jackets as a less formal version of the waistcoat or vest that restrains the necktie when the jacket has been removed. Its versatility means it can be worn in casual or formal settings and in any season, but it is most popular during cool weather.

Monochromatic cardigans, in sleeved or vest form, may be viewed as a conservative fashion staple. As an item of formal clothing for any gender, it is worn over a button-down dress shirt. A less formal style is wearing a T-shirt underneath.

Varsity letters for college and high school sports teams have been applied to cardigans and letterman jackets.

In popular culture

  • Singer Perry Como wore cardigans on the television program The Perry Como Show. The trademark sweaters complemented his easy-going style of singing.
  • Fred Rogers, star of the long-running children's program Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, donned a cardigan at the beginning of each episode. The cardigans were made by his mother and closed with a zipper instead of buttons.
  • Steve McQueen popularised cardigans, wearing it in the 1968 action thriller film Bullitt and in his personal life.
  • Kurt Cobain of the band Nirvana wore vintage cardigans. The sweater he wore during MTV's Nirvana Unplugged concert sold at auction for $137,500 (equivalent to $176,744 in 2023) in November 2015. It was reported to have a burn hole, a button missing, and discoloration around the pockets. In 2019 it was re auctioned for $334,000 (equivalent to $398,035 in 2023).
  • Singer-songwriter Taylor Swift wrote a song called "Cardigan" and used cardigans as part of her merchandise accompanying the song and her eighth studio album, Folklore (2020).
  • The Cardigans are a Swedish rock band formed in 1992, best known for the singles "Lovefool" and "My Favourite Game".

See also

References

  1. "cardigan". Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Archived from the original on 28 May 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  2. Consumer Price Index Apparel Manual. U.S. Department of labor, Bureau of labor statistics. 1991. p. 53.
  3. MATINÉE COAT definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary (collinsdictionary.com)
  4. le Zotte, Jennifer (3 October 2017). "This Bookish Sweater Has a Violent History". Racked. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  5. "What is a Cardigan? – Cardigan Sweater History". CardiganSweater.com. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
  6. David, Saul (1997). The Homicidal Earl: The Life of Lord Cardigan. London: Little, Brown. pp. 431–436. ISBN 0316641650.
  7. Geller, Allison (24 June 2016). "The Military Origins of the Cardigan". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 25 June 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
  8. Brooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F., eds. (1987). The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows. Ballantine Books. pp. 1071–1072. ISBN 0-345-49773-2. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  9. Denisova, Maria. "Como, Perry". Pennsylvania Center for the Book, Pennsylvania State University. Archived from the original on 9 December 2007. Retrieved 4 April 2010.
  10. Philbin, Regis (18 October 1991). "DVD: The Best of Perry Como: Volume One (review)". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on 22 December 2009. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
  11. "NMAH – Mister Rogers' Sweater". National Museum of American History. Archived from the original on 3 July 2007. Retrieved 31 May 2007. The red sweater, knitted by his late mother, was donated to the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History by Fred Rogers on November 20, 1984.
  12. "Steve McQueen's Son Sues Tom Ford Over McQueen". The Hollywood Reporter. 29 March 2019. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  13. ^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  14. Grossman, Samantha (5 November 2015). "Kurt Cobain's Unplugged Sweater Sells for $137,500". Time. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  15. Garcia, Patricia (9 November 2015). "Kurt Cobain's MTV Unplugged Cardigan Sold for $137,500". Vogue. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  16. Kreps, Daniel (26 October 2019). "Kurt Cobain's 'Unplugged' Sweater Sells for Record $334,000 at Auction". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.

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