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{{Short description|Gymnastics scoring on 10 point scale, changed in 2006}} | |||
In ], the maximum possible score was a '''perfect 10''' until the rules were changed in 2006 by the ] (FIG).<ref name=LATimes>{{cite news |title=A 10-shun Deficit |author=Diane Pucin |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=August 6, 2008 |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2008/aug/06/sports/sp-olyperfect6}}</ref> | |||
] poses beside the scoreboard that recorded her perfect 10 as 1.00 (with no Olympic precedent, the sign was incapable of displaying a 10.00).]] | |||
A '''perfect 10''' is a score of 10.000 for a single routine in ], which was once thought to be unattainable—particularly at the ]—under the ] set by the ] (FIG). It is generally recognized that the first person to score a perfect 10 at the Olympic Games was Romanian ], at the ] in Montreal.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/magazine-36826597/the-first-olympic-gymnast-to-score-a-perfect-10 |title=The first Olympic gymnast to score a perfect 10 |date=20 July 2016 |work=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/60at60/2015/8/1976-first-gymnast-to-score-a-perfect-10-at-an-olympics-games-392959 |title=1976: First Gymnast to Score a Perfect 10 at an Olympics Games |author=Jamie Clarke |date=19 August 2015 |publisher=]}}</ref> Other women who accomplished this feat at the Olympics include ], also in 1976, ] in 1984, ] and ] in ], ] and ] in ]. The first man to score a perfect 10 is considered to be ], at the ] in Moscow.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/01/09/Soviet-gymnast-Aleksandr-Dityatin-the-winner-of-a-record/6670505630800/ |title=Soviet gymnast Aleksandr Dityatin, the winner of a record... |author=William D. Murray |date=9 January 1986 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.com.ar/olympics/summer/history/_/year/1980/type/moments |title=Moscow 1980 – Key Moments: The first male "perfect 10" |publisher=]}}</ref> (However, in the 1924 Paris Olympics, 22 men achieved a mark of 10 in ], with ] getting a second 10 in the ], events that are no longer part of artistic gymnastics.) | |||
The FIG changed its code of points in 2006. There are now different top scores, all greater than 10, for the various events, based upon difficulty and artistic merit; there is no consistent perfect score. Execution scores are still out of 10, so the theoretical possibility exists for a gymnast to get a partial "perfect 10" (for execution) in addition to whatever maximum number they get for difficulty, but no such score has been awarded in decades. | |||
==Impetus for change== | |||
The ] came under review as a result of two incidents during the ] in ], Greece.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601081&sid=afyDFiqcZDig&refer=australia |title=Olympic Gymnasts Won't Chase Perfect 10 as New Scoring Debuts |author=Dan Baynes |publisher=] |date=August 6, 2008 |accessdate=February 14, 2010}}</ref> In the men's individual all-around competition, ]n ] was awarded the bronze medal, rather than the gold, because of a scoring error, which the FIG decided to let stand. The second controversy centered on ]n ] in the men's ] final. The crowd so raucously voiced its displeasure with Nemov's score (perceived as too low) that the final was stopped for 10-15 minutes. Finally, the judges raised his score (though not enough for a medal). When this did not satisfy the spectators, Nemov himself had to plead with the crowd to allow the competition to continue. | |||
==History== | |||
The new scoring system is open-ended, rewarding competitors for incorporating more difficult elements. | |||
Men's artistic gymnastics had been an Olympic sport since the beginning of the modern games. Women's gymnastics were introduced as a single (team) event in the 1928 games, but were not expanded until the 1952 games, when there were seven events.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Artistic Gymnastics at the Olympic Games|url=http://www.olympic.org/Assets/OSC%20Section/pdf/QR_sports_summer/Sports_Olympiques_gymnastique_artistique_eng.pdf|website=Olympic.org|accessdate=4 November 2015}}</ref> | |||
The ] first drew up a ]—for men—in 1949.<ref>{{cite web|title=Milestones|url=http://www.fig-gymnastics.com/site/about/federation/brief/milestones|publisher=International Federation of Gymnastics|accessdate=4 November 2015}}</ref> Although the code was based on a maximum score of 10, until 1976 it was considered impossible to achieve a score of greater than 9.95, particularly at the Olympic Games.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Gene|title=The New York Times encyclopedia of sports, Volume 11: Indoor Sports|date=1979|publisher=Arno Press|isbn=0405126379|page=132|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pchaAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=4 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Fulton-Smith|first1=Graham|last2=Sampson|first2=James M.|last3=Wange|first3=Willy B.|title=Olympics 1976: Montreal, Innsbruck|date=1976|publisher=C. N. Potter|location=New York|isbn=051752743X|page=25|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W_Xw5QxN3jgC|accessdate=4 November 2015}}</ref> At the World Championships or Olympics, from when increased standardization of competition format and scoring (which was capped at a 10, a trend which would not be changed until 2006) was introduced at the 1952 Olympics, the very highest scores tended to be in the 9.400 – 9.600 range, and over the next few World and Olympic cycles through the 1950, 1960s, and 1970s, the top scores gradually got higher through the 9.700 and 9.800 range. | |||
==Criticism of the new system== | |||
The change has its share of critics. "It's crazy, terrible, the stupidest thing that ever happened to the sport of gymnastics," complained noted coach ].<ref name=Slate>{{cite web |url=http://www.slate.com/id/2197336/pagenum/all/#p2 |title=Down With the Perfect 10! |author=Jordan Ellenberg |publisher='']'' |date=August 12, 2008 |accessdate=February 14, 2010}}</ref> "It's hard to understand. I don't even understand it,"<ref name=Slate/> remarked gymnast ]. ]n gymnast ] commented, "It's so hard to define sports like ours and we had something unique. The 10, it was ours first and now you give it away."<ref name=LATimes/> | |||
During the post-1952 era, a couple of very early scores, essentially extreme outliers, that came very close to the 10 mark were ]-Soviet ]'s 9.950 on optional rings at the ] and ]-Soviet ]'s 9.950, also on the optional still rings exercise, at the ]. On the men's side, these scores might not have been surpassed, or even equaled, at a World Championships or Olympics until 1980, as even scores of 9.900 were extremely rare and, in some Worlds and Olympics throughout the 1950s−1970s, scores of 9.900 seem to have been non-existent for the men. | |||
==Perfect 10s== | |||
One early example of a woman gymnast breaking 9.900 at a World Championships or Olympics in the post-1952 era was Soviet ] at the ] with a score of 9.933.<ref>{{cite AV media |title=1962 World Women's {{sic|nolink=y|reason=error in source|Gymnasics}} Championships |medium=Video |language=English |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvWnSxS5nTU&t=1037s |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/pvWnSxS5nTU |archive-date=2021-12-15 |url-status=live|access-date=July 9, 2021 |time=9:38 |publisher=chocdave |quote= This routine from the team earned Larissa Latynina a 9.933.}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Soviet ] also scored a 9.933, at the ] in the floor exercise finals.<ref>{{cite AV media |title=1966 Gymnastics World Championships, women's EF |medium=Video |language=English |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wI8f4rsEKrM |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/wI8f4rsEKrM |archive-date=2021-12-15 |url-status=live|access-date=January 15, 2021 |time=16:00 |publisher=MizMamie |quote= There's the mark. 9.933. And that is the highest mark of any competitor, man or woman, at these World Championships.}}{{cbignore}}</ref> | |||
] of ] was the first gymnast to achieve perfect 10s at a major competition in the post-1952 era, which she did twice at the ],<ref>{{cite book|last=Tatlow|first=Peter|title=Gymnastics: all the beauty and skills of this thrilling sport|year=1979|publisher=Chartwell Books, Inc.|isbn=9780711100046|page=143}}</ref> which were displayed on a manual scoreboard.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/european-ladies-gymnastics-in-amsterdam |title=European Ladies Gymnastics In Amsterdam (1967) |publisher=] |time =1 min 32 sec |accessdate=3 September 2016 |date=13 Apr 2014 }}</ref> | |||
Prior to the ] in Montreal, ], the official timers, asked the ] how many digits it should allow on the electronic scoreboard, and were told that three digits would be sufficient, as a score of 10.00 would not be possible.<ref name=Guardian>{{cite news|title=50 stunning Olympic moments No5: Nadia Comaneci scores a perfect 10|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/london-2012-olympics-blog/2011/dec/14/50-olympic-moments-nadia-comaneci|accessdate=4 November 2015|date=14 December 2011}}</ref> On 18 July 1976, however, 14-year-old Romanian gymnast ] scored a 10 on the ]. Because the scoreboard was limited to three digits, it displayed her score as 1.00.<ref name=Guardian/> This led to confusion, with even Comăneci unsure of what it meant, until the announcer informed the elated crowd that she had scored a perfect 10.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Brady|first1=Rachel|title=Nadia Comaneci: From a perfect 10 in Montreal to a busy broadcaster in London|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/olympics/nadia-comaneci-from-a-perfect-10-in-montreal-to-a-busy-broadcaster-in-london/article4397072/|accessdate=4 November 2015|date=6 July 2012}}</ref> An iconic press photograph (see above) shows a beaming Comăneci, arms upraised, beside the scoreboard.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Marsden|first1=Rhodri|title=Rhodri Marsden's Interesting Objects: The gymnastics scoreboard at the Montreal Olympics|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/others/rhodri-marsdens-interesting-objects-the-gymnastics-scoreboard-at-the-montreal-olympics-10394121.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/others/rhodri-marsdens-interesting-objects-the-gymnastics-scoreboard-at-the-montreal-olympics-10394121.html |archive-date=2022-05-25 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|accessdate=6 November 2015|work=Independent|date=17 July 2015}}</ref> Comăneci scored a total of seven 10s at the 1976 Olympics—four on the uneven bars and three on the ].<ref name=Guardian/> Her main rival, the Soviet Union's ], scored two 10s in the same competition, in the ] and ].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Buchanan|first1=Ian|last2=Mallon|first2=Bill|title=Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement|date=2005|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=0810865246|page=149|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fH3hD3MkIMYC&pg=PA149|accessdate=4 November 2015}}</ref> Comăneci's coach, ], having defected to the United States in 1981, subsequently coached American ] to gold at the ] in Los Angeles, where she scored 10s in the vault and floor exercise.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Boyer Sagert|first1=Kelly|last2=Overman|first2=Steven J.|title=Icons of Women's Sport|date=2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0313385490|pages=443, 448–9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b_kTU8LfcqAC&pg=PA443|accessdate=4 November 2015}}</ref> | |||
The first man to score a perfect 10 in Olympic competition was the Soviet ], in the vault, on the way to a record-breaking eight medals in the ] in Moscow.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nauright|first1=John|title=Sports around the World: History, Culture, and Practice|date=2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1598843019|page=334|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYBtMajLAaAC&pg=RA1-PA334|accessdate=4 November 2015}}</ref> Among other men to achieve the score was Comăneci's future husband, ], who achieved two 10s in the ] in Los Angeles.<ref name=LATimes/> | |||
==Change in scoring== | |||
The code of points came under review as a result of separate incidents during the ] in Athens, in which gymnasts were believed to have received excessively low scores.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601081&sid=afyDFiqcZDig&refer=australia |title=Olympic Gymnasts Won't Chase Perfect 10 as New Scoring Debuts |author=Dan Baynes |publisher=] |date=August 6, 2008 |accessdate=February 14, 2010}}</ref> A new scoring system was introduced in 2006. It consists of an "A" score, based on the difficulty of elements, and a "B" score, based on artistic impression. While the B score still has a maximum of 10, it is only a part of the overall score.<ref name=LATimes>{{cite news |title=A 10-shun Deficit |author=Diane Pucin |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=August 6, 2008 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-06-sp-olyperfect6-story.html}}</ref> | |||
The change had its share of critics. Béla Károlyi said of it: "It's crazy, terrible, the stupidest thing that ever happened to the sport of gymnastics.".<ref name=Slate>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2197336/pagenum/all/ |title=Down With the Perfect 10! |author=Jordan Ellenberg |magazine=] |date=August 12, 2008 |accessdate=February 14, 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212140307/http://www.slate.com/id/2197336/pagenum/all/ |archivedate=February 12, 2010 }}</ref> Mary Lou Retton remarked: "It's hard to understand. I don't even understand it."<ref name=Slate/> Nadia Comăneci commented, "It's so hard to define sports like ours and we had something unique. The 10, it was ours first and now you give it away."<ref name=LATimes/> | |||
==List of perfect 10s== | |||
''This list may be incomplete.'' | ''This list may be incomplete.'' | ||
===Olympics=== | ===Olympics=== | ||
====Paris, ]==== | |||
*22 men in ], with one ] getting a second 10 in the ] | |||
==== |
====<u>Paris ]</u>==== | ||
*Twenty-two men in ], with ] getting a second 10.0 in the ] | |||
*Nadia Comăneci (8) - individual uneven bars (both rounds) and balance beam; all-around uneven bars and balance beam; team uneven bars (both rounds) and balance beam | |||
*] - all-around vault | |||
==== <u>Montreal ]</u> ==== | |||
(Women's individual results;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/olympics/og1976wagef.html |title=Games of the 21st Olympiad 1976 Artistic Gymnastics / All-Around Final Women |publisher=gymnasticsresults.com |accessdate=February 16, 2010}}</ref> women's all-around results;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/olympics/og1976wagaa.html |title=Games of the 21st Olympiad 1976 Artistic Gymnastics / All-Around Final Women |publisher=gymnasticsresults.com |accessdate=February 16, 2010}}</ref> women's team results<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/olympics/og1976wagteams.html |title=Games of the 21st Olympiad 1976 Artistic Gymnastics / Teams Women |publisher=gymnasticsresults.com |accessdate=February 16, 2010}}</ref>) | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
====Moscow, ]==== | |||
*] (2) - individual and all-around pommel horse | |||
*] - all-around rings | |||
*] - all-around vault | |||
*] - all-around pommel horse | |||
*] - all-around high bar | |||
* ] – team compulsory uneven bars, team optional uneven bars, team optional balance beam, all around uneven bars, all around balance beam, uneven bars event final, balance beam event final | |||
(Men's all-around results;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/olympics/og1980magaa.html |title=All-Around Final Men - Games of the 22nd Olympiad Moscow 1980 |publisher=gymnasticsresults.com |accessdate=February 16, 2010}}</ref> men's individual event results<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/olympics/og1980magef.html |title=Games of the 22nd Olympiad 1980 Artistic Gymnastics / Events Finals Men |publisher=gymnasticsresults.com |accessdate=February 16, 2010}}</ref>) | |||
* ] – all around vault, floor exercise event final | |||
(Olympic database;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.databaseolympics.com/games/gamessport.htm?g=19&sp=GYM |title=Gymnastics results for the 1976 Summer Olympics |publisher=www.databaseolympics.com |accessdate=May 6, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225023037/http://databaseolympics.com/games/gamessport.htm?g=19&sp=GYM |archivedate=December 25, 2010 }}</ref> Women's individual results;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/olympics/og1976wagef.html |title=Games of the 21st Olympiad 1976 Artistic Gymnastics / All-Around Final Women |publisher=gymnasticsresults.com |accessdate=February 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715081914/http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/olympics/og1976wagef.html |archive-date=July 15, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> women's all-around results;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/olympics/og1976wagaa.html |title=Games of the 21st Olympiad 1976 Artistic Gymnastics / All-Around Final Women |publisher=gymnasticsresults.com |accessdate=February 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219110901/http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/olympics/og1976wagaa.html |archive-date=February 19, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> women's team results<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/olympics/og1976wagteams.html |title=Games of the 21st Olympiad 1976 Artistic Gymnastics / Teams Women |publisher=gymnasticsresults.com |accessdate=February 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721084355/http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/olympics/og1976wagteams.html |archive-date=July 21, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>) | |||
====Los Angeles, ]==== | |||
;Men | |||
*] (5) - individual floor exercise and pommel horse; pommel horse, rings, and vault in the team final | |||
*] (4) - high bar in the individual, all-around, and team events; team rings | |||
*] (3) - individual and team high bar; all-around vault | |||
*] (3) - individual vault; vault in both rounds of the team final | |||
*] (3) - high bar in the individual and both rounds of the team final | |||
*] (3) - all-around high bar; pommel horse in the individual and team finals | |||
*] (2) - parallel bars in both the team and individual events | |||
*] (2) - team parallel bars and rings | |||
*] - team high bar | |||
*] - team pommel horse | |||
*] - team high bar | |||
====<u>Moscow ]</u>==== | |||
;Women | |||
*] (5) - individual uneven bars and floor exercise; all-around uneven bars; team uneven bars and floor exercise | |||
*] (4) - floor exercise; all-around balance beam; team vault and floor exercise | |||
*] (3) - individual, all-around, and team uneven bars | |||
*Mary Lou Retton (3) - floor exercise and vault in the all-around; vault in the team event | |||
*] - team balance beam | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
(Men's results;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/80/o1984m.html |title=The Games of 23rd Olympiad / Men's Artistic Gymnastics |publisher=gymnasticsresults.com |accessdate=February 16, 2010}}</ref> women's results<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/80/o1984w.html |title=|title=The Games of 23rd Olympiad / Women's Artistic Gymnastics |publisher=gymnasticsresults.com |accessdate=February 16, 2010}}</ref>) | |||
* ] – all around vault | |||
====Seoul, ]==== | |||
* ] – all around rings | |||
;Men | |||
* ] – all around high bar | |||
*] (4) - pommel horse; all-around pommel horse, rings, and vault | |||
*] |
* ] – all around pommel horse | ||
*] |
* ] – all around pommel horse, pommel horse event final | ||
*] - all-around high bar | |||
*] - all-around pommel horse | |||
*] - pommel horse | |||
*] - all-around pommel horse | |||
*] - all-around high bar | |||
(Men's all-around results;<ref>{{cite web|title=All-Around Final Men – Games of the 22nd Olympiad Moscow 1980|url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/olympics/og1980magaa.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721073922/http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/olympics/og1980magaa.html|archive-date=July 21, 2013|accessdate=February 16, 2010|publisher=gymnasticsresults.com}}</ref> men's individual event results<ref>{{cite web|title=Games of the 22nd Olympiad 1980 Artistic Gymnastics / Events Finals Men|url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/olympics/og1980magef.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100415182431/http://gymnasticsresults.com/olympics/og1980magef.html|archive-date=April 15, 2010|accessdate=February 16, 2010|publisher=gymnasticsresults.com}}</ref>) | |||
;Women | |||
*] (4) - uneven bars and vault; all-around floor exercise and vault | |||
*] (4) - both rounds of the individual uneven bars; all-around uneven bars and floor exercise | |||
*] - uneven bars | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
(Men's results;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/80/o1988m.html |title=The Games of 24th Olympiad / Men |publisher=gymnasticsresults.com |accessdate=February 16, 2010}}</ref> women's results<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/80/o1988w.html |title=The Games of 24th Olympiad / Women |publisher=gymnasticsresults.com |accessdate=February 16, 2010}}</ref>) | |||
* ] – team compulsory vault | |||
====Barcelona, ]==== | |||
* ] – team optional floor exercise | |||
*] - uneven bars | |||
* ] – team optional uneven bars | |||
*] - floor exercise | |||
* ] – team compulsory balance beam, all around uneven bars | |||
* ] – team optional vault | |||
* ] – team optional uneven bars | |||
====<u>Los Angeles ]</u>==== | |||
(Women's results<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/o1992w.html |title=The Games of 25th Olympiad / Women |publisher=gymnasticsresults.com |accessdate=February 16, 2010}}</ref>) | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – team compulsory pommel horse, all around high bar, pommel horse event final | |||
* ] – team optional parallel bars, parallel bars event final | |||
* ] – team compulsory parallel bars, team optional rings | |||
* ] – team optional high bar | |||
* ] – team compulsory pommel horse, team optional rings, floor exercise event final, pommel horse event final | |||
* ] – team compulsory high bar, team optional rings, all around high bar, high bar event final | |||
* ] – team compulsory high bar | |||
* ] – team compulsory vault, team optional vault | |||
* ] – team compulsory pommel horse | |||
* ] – team compulsory high bar, all around vault, high bar event final | |||
* ] – team compulsory high bar, team optional high bar, high bar event final | |||
* ] – parallel bars event final | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – team compulsory floor exercise, team optional vault, all around balance beam, floor exercise event final | |||
* ] – team optional balance beam | |||
* ] – team optional vault, all around vault, all around floor exercise | |||
* ] – team optional uneven bars, team optional floor exercise, all around uneven bars, uneven bars event final, floor exercise event final | |||
* ] – team optional uneven bars, all around uneven bars, uneven bars event final | |||
(Men's results;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/80/o1984m.html |title=The Games of 23rd Olympiad / Men's Artistic Gymnastics |publisher=gymnasticsresults.com |accessdate=February 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100415182726/http://gymnasticsresults.com/80/o1984m.html |archive-date=April 15, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> women's results<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/80/o1984w.html |title=The Games of 23rd Olympiad / Women's Artistic Gymnastics |publisher=gymnasticsresults.com |accessdate=February 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205180226/http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/80/o1984w.html |archive-date=February 5, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>) | |||
====<u>Seoul ]</u>==== | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – team compulsory parallel bars, team optional high bar, all around parallel bars, all around high bar | |||
* ] – team optional pommel horse, team optional parallel bars, all around high bar | |||
* ] – team optional pommel horse, team optional rings, all around pommel horse, all around rings, all around vault, pommel horse event final | |||
* ] – team optional floor exercise | |||
* ] – team optional pommel horse | |||
* ] – team optional pommel horse | |||
* ] – team optional pommel horse, pommel horse event final | |||
* ] – team optional pommel horse, pommel horse event final | |||
* ] – team optional rings | |||
* ] – all around pommel horse | |||
* ] – all around pommel horse | |||
* ] – all around high bar | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – team compulsory vault, team optional vault, team optional uneven bars, team optional floor exercise, all around vault, all around floor exercise, uneven bars event final | |||
* ] – team compulsory uneven bars, team compulsory floor exercise, team optionals uneven bars, team optionals balance beam, all around uneven bars, all around floor exercise, uneven bars event final | |||
* ] – team compulsory uneven bars, uneven bars event final | |||
(Men's results;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/80/o1988m.html |title=The Games of 24th Olympiad / Men |publisher=gymnasticsresults.com |accessdate=February 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106025755/http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/80/o1988m.html |archive-date=November 6, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> women's results<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/80/o1988w.html |title=The Games of 24th Olympiad / Women |publisher=gymnasticsresults.com |accessdate=February 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712023846/http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/80/o1988w.html |archive-date=July 12, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>) | |||
====<u>Barcelona ]</u>==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – uneven bars event final | |||
* ] – floor exercise event final | |||
(Women's results<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/o1992w.html |title=The Games of 25th Olympiad / Women |publisher=gymnasticsresults.com |accessdate=February 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922183330/http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/o1992w.html |archive-date=September 22, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>) | |||
=== Alternate Olympics === | |||
==== <u>Olomouc ]</u> ==== | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – team optional pommel horse, team optional rings, team optional parallel bars, team optional high bar, all around pommel horse, all around vault, all around parallel bars, all around high bar, pommel horse event final, rings event final, high bar event final | |||
* ] – team optional pommel horse, team optional rings, team optional vault, all around rings | |||
* ] – team compulsory rings, team optional high bar, all around parallel bars | |||
* ] – team optional rings | |||
* ] – team compulsory vault, team optional vault, vault event final | |||
* ] – team optional floor exercise | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – team compulsory vault, team compulsory uneven bars, team compulsory balance beam, team optional vault, team optional balance beam, team optional floor exercise, all around vault, all around uneven bars, all around balance beam, all around floor exercise, balance beam event final, floor exercise event final | |||
* ] – team compulsory uneven bars, team optional vault, all around vault, all around balance beam, uneven bars event final | |||
* ] – team optional vault | |||
* ] – team compulsory uneven bars, team optional vault, team optional uneven bars, all around floor exercise, uneven bars event final, floor exercise event final | |||
* ] – team compulsory uneven bars, uneven bars event final | |||
* ] – team optional balance beam, all around vault, all around uneven bars | |||
* ] – team optional vault | |||
* ] – all around balance beam | |||
* ] – all around vault | |||
* ] – all around uneven bars | |||
* ] – all around uneven bars | |||
=== Goodwill Games === | |||
====<u>1986 Goodwill Games</u>==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
*] – all around vault | |||
*] – all around floor exercise | |||
==== <u>1990 Goodwill Games</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around floor exercise | |||
===World Championships=== | ===World Championships=== | ||
*Daniela Silivaş, 1985 World Gymnastics Championship | |||
*], 1987 World Artistic Gymnastics Championship (five times) | |||
==== <u>1934 World Championships</u> ==== | |||
==References== | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
* ] – vault (perfect 20 out of 20) | |||
==== <u>1950 World Championships</u> ==== | |||
* ] – compulsory parallel bars | |||
==== <u>1981 World Championships</u> ==== | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – team optional high bar, high bar event final | |||
* ] – team optional high bar, high bar event final | |||
* ] – team optional high bar, all around high bar | |||
* ] – all around high bar | |||
* ] – all around high bar | |||
* ] – pommel horse event final | |||
* ] – pommel horse event final | |||
* ] – pommel horse event final | |||
* ] – pommel horse event final | |||
* ] – high bar event final | |||
* ] – high bar event final | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around vault | |||
* ] – uneven bars event final | |||
==== <u>1983 World Championships</u> ==== | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – team compulsory parallel bars, floor exercise event final | |||
* ] – team optional rings, pommel horse event final | |||
* ] – team optional parallel bars, parallel bars event final | |||
* ] – team compulsory pommel horse, team optional pommel horse, all around floor exercise, all around vault, all around high bar, pommel horse event final, rings event final, high bar event final | |||
* ] – team optional parallel bars, parallel bars event final | |||
* ] – team optional high bar | |||
* ] – all around pommel horse, pommel horse event final | |||
* ] – all around rings | |||
* ] – pommel horse event final | |||
* ] – rings event final | |||
* ] – rings event final | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – team optional vault, team optional balance beam, all around vault, all around floor exercise | |||
* ] – team optional vault, all around vault, floor exercise event final | |||
* ] – team optional vault | |||
* ] – team optional uneven bars | |||
* ] – team optional uneven bars, team optional floor exercise, all around vault, all around floor exercise, floor exercise event final | |||
* ] – team optional vault | |||
* ] – team optional uneven bars, all around uneven bars, uneven bars event final | |||
==== <u>1985 World Championships</u> ==== | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – team optional high bar | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – team compulsory balance beam | |||
* ] – team optional floor exercise, floor exercise event final | |||
* ] – team optional floor exercise | |||
* ] – team compulsory uneven bars | |||
* ] – balance beam event final | |||
==== <u>1987 World Championships</u> ==== | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – team optional parallel bars | |||
* ] – team optional floor exercise, floor exercise event final | |||
* ] – team optional vault, all around vault | |||
* ] – all around vault | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – team optional vault, team optional balance beam, team optional floor exercise, all around vault, balance beam event final | |||
* ] – team compulsory balance beam, team compulsory floor exercise, team optional uneven bars, team optional floor exercise, floor exercise event final | |||
* ] – team optional floor exercise | |||
* ] – team optional vault | |||
* ] – team compulsory vault, team compulsory floor exercise, team optional floor exercise, all around floor exercise, floor exercise event final | |||
* ] – team optional uneven bars | |||
* ] – team optional uneven bars | |||
* ] – team optional uneven bars | |||
==== <u>1989 World Championships</u> ==== | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – team optional pommel horse, all around pommel horse, pommel horse event final | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – team optional vault, all around vault, all around uneven bars | |||
* ] – team optional uneven bars, team optional floor exercise, all around vault, all around floor exercise, floor exercise event final | |||
* ] – team compulsory floor exercise, team optional vault, team optional balance beam | |||
* ] – team compulsory vault, team optional uneven bars, team optional floor exercise, uneven bars event final, floor exercise event final | |||
* ] – all around floor exercise | |||
* ] – uneven bars event final | |||
==== <u>1991 World Championships</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – team optional vault | |||
* ] – uneven bars event final | |||
===European Championships=== | |||
==== <u>1967 European Championships</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
*] – balance beam event final, floor exercise event final | |||
==== <u>1977 European Championships</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – balance beam event final | |||
==== <u>1981 European Championships</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
*] – uneven bars event final | |||
==== <u>1985 European Championships</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around vault | |||
* ] – floor exercise event final | |||
==== <u>1987 European Championships</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around floor exercise, floor exercise event final | |||
==== <u>1989 European Championships</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
*] – all around floor exercise, floor exercise event final | |||
*] – all around uneven bars | |||
*] – floor exercise event final | |||
==== <u>1990 European Championships</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around vault, balance beam event final, floor exercise event final, vault event final. | |||
=== U.S. National Championships === | |||
==== <u>1984 National Championships</u> ==== | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – all around optional high bar | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around optional vault, floor exercise event final | |||
==== <u>1988 National Championships</u> ==== | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – all around compulsory parallel bars | |||
==== <u>1990 National Championships</u> ==== | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – all around optional high bar | |||
==== <u>1992 National Championships</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around optional vault | |||
=== U.S. Olympic Trials === | |||
==== <u>1984 Olympic Trials</u> ==== | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – optional high bar | |||
* ] – optional parallel bars | |||
* ] – compulsory parallel bars | |||
==== <u>1988 Olympic Trials</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – optional vault | |||
* ] – compulsory vault | |||
==== <u>1992 Olympic Trials</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – optional vault | |||
=== Moscow News/World Stars === | |||
==== <u>1979 Moscow News</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around floor exercise | |||
==== <u>1988 Moscow News</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around balance beam | |||
==== <u>1989 Moscow News</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around vault | |||
* ] – uneven bars event final | |||
==== <u>1991 World Stars</u> ==== | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – all around high bar | |||
* ] – all around rings | |||
==== <u>1992 World Stars</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around uneven bars | |||
===]=== | |||
====<u>New York City 1976</u>==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
*] – team optional vault, all around floor exercise | |||
==== <u>New York City 1980</u> ==== | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – all around high bar | |||
==== <u>New York City 1984</u> ==== | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – all around pommel horse | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – team optional floor exercise, all around vault | |||
* ] – team optional uneven bars, all around uneven bars | |||
==== <u>Orlando 1991</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around floor exercise | |||
* ] – all around vault | |||
==== <u>Orlando 1992</u> ==== | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – all around rings | |||
=== European Cup === | |||
==== <u>1988 European Cup</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around floor exercise | |||
=== DTB Cup === | |||
==== <u>1984 DTB Cup</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around uneven bars, all around floor exercise, uneven bars event final, floor exercise event final | |||
==== <u>1987 DTB Cup</u> ==== | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – all around high bar | |||
==== <u>1988 DTB Cup</u> ==== | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – all around high bar | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around vault | |||
==== <u>1989 DTB Cup</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around vault | |||
=== Cottbus International === | |||
==== <u>1984 Cottbus International</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around floor exercise | |||
* ] – all around uneven bars | |||
==== <u>1985 Cottbus International</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – floor exercise event final | |||
==== <u>1992 Cottbus International</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – floor exercise event final | |||
=== World Cup === | |||
==== <u>1979 World Cup</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around floor exercise, floor exercise event final | |||
* ] – floor exercise event final | |||
==== <u>1982 World Cup</u> ==== | |||
===== Men ===== | |||
* ] – all around high bar | |||
==== <u>1986 World Cup</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around vault | |||
=== Tokyo Cup === | |||
==== <u>1985 Tokyo Cup</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – floor exercise event final | |||
==== <u>1988 Tokyo Cup</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – uneven bars event final, floor exercise event final | |||
* ] – floor exercise event final | |||
=== Chunichi Cup === | |||
==== <u>1976 Chunichi Cup</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around uneven bars, all around floor exercise | |||
==== <u>1988 Chunichi Cup</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – floor exercise event final | |||
* ] – floor exercise event final | |||
=== University Games === | |||
==== <u>1987 University Games</u> ==== | |||
===== Women ===== | |||
* ] – all around uneven bars, all around balance beam, all around floor exercise | |||
== "Meta-Perfect" Scores of 20, 30, and 40 == | |||
Although virtually hundreds of perfect scores of 10 were given at various levels of competition throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, "meta-perfect" scores of 20, 30, or 40 were much, much more rare. A "meta-perfect" score would be an instance where a gymnast received multiple perfect scores of 10 throughout a competition on an apparatus (culminating in an official "meta-perfect" score of 20 in the Event Finals, depending upon the era and competition), or on every apparatus in a segment of a competition (which would result in an official "meta-perfect" score of 60 for a male gymnast or 40 for female gymnast, depending upon the era and competition). | |||
Three possible scenarios in which to create a "meta-perfect score", that have occurred, would then be: 1) to achieve perfect 10s on every apparatus throughout a segment of a competition (Team Compulsories, Team Optionals, or All-Around) which would post an official "meta-perfect" score of either 60 for the men or 40 for the women, depending upon the era and competition; 2) to achieve perfect 10s on all performances on an apparatus throughout every segment of a competition (Team Compulsories, Optionals, All-around, and Event Finals), which would officially post a "meta-perfect" score of 20 in Event Finals, depending upon the era and competition; and 3) to achieve perfect 10s on all ] performances on an apparatus (team optionals, all-around (if competed in), event finals), which might or might not post an official "meta-perfect" score, depending upon the competition and era – but this is a possibly necessary scenario to articulate because perfect scores of 10 were given much less often to compulsory routines than to optional routines, for a number of reasons. ] seems to have been the only gymnast to do #1 at a major international competition. ], ], ], ], and ] are women who have done this more than once. ] has done this probably more (4) times than any other man. | |||
No score of "30" (listed several times below) would ever have been an officially posted score to designate "meta-perfection" on an apparatus. This is merely a designation of either 1) "meta-perfection" on an apparatus in both phases of the team competition (compulsories and optionals) as well as event finals, but not in the all-around, and this is worth articulating relative to listed "meta-perfect" scores of 40 because the gymnast in question might not have qualified to the all-around, therefore no opportunity to achieve a theoretical "meta-perfect" score of 40/40; OR 2) "meta-perfection" on all optionals performance on an apparatus (see scenario #3, above). | |||
=== Olympics === | |||
==== ] ==== | |||
* ] – '''40/40''' on Uneven Bars (every segment of the competition), 30/40 on Balance Beam (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals) | |||
==== ] ==== | |||
* ] – 30/40 on Uneven Bars (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals) | |||
* ] – 30/40 on Uneven Bars (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals) | |||
* ] – 30/30 on Horizontal Bar (Team Compulsories, Team Optionals, Event Finals; he did not compete in the all-around, so no opportunity to achieve 40/40, but he did get a 10 every time he competed on the apparatus) | |||
==== ] ==== | |||
* ] – 30/40 on Pommel Horse (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals) | |||
* ] – '''40/40''' on Uneven Bars (every segment of the competition) | |||
=== Alternate Olympics === | |||
==== <u>Olomouc ]</u> ==== | |||
* ] – 30/40 on Pommel Horse (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals), 30/40 on Horizontal Bar (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals) | |||
* ] – 30/40 on Uneven Bars (in Team Compulsories, Team Optionals, and Event Finals; not a 10 in the All-Around, but a 10 in both segments of the team competition that carried over to Event Finals where Gnauck also got another 10 to create a "meta-perfect" score) | |||
* ] – '''40/40''' in the All-Around (all 4 apparatuses), '''40/40''' on Balance Beam (in every segment of the competition), 30/40 on Floor Exercise (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals) | |||
=== World Championships === | |||
==== ] ==== | |||
* ] – 20/20 on Vault (exact details unknown but all of the highest scores in the competition were in the 18s and 19s, and his was the only 20) | |||
==== ] ==== | |||
* ] – 20/30 on Horizontal Bar (both optional routines in Team Optionals and Event Finals – did not compete All-Around) | |||
* ] – 20/30 (both optional routines in Team Optionals and Event Finals – did not compete All-Around) | |||
==== ] ==== | |||
* ] – 20/30 on Parallel Bars (both optional routines – Team Optionals, Event Finals – did not compete All-Around) | |||
* ] – 30/40 on Pommel Horse (not in the All-Around, but in both Team Compulsories and Team Optionals which carried over to Event Finals where he also got a 10, creating a "meta-perfect" score) | |||
* ] – 30/40 on Uneven Bars (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals) | |||
* ] – 30/40 on Floor Exercise (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals) | |||
==== ] ==== | |||
* ] – '''40/40''' on Floor Exercise (in every segment of the competition) | |||
* ] – 30/40 on Floor Exercise (not in the All-Around, but in both Team Compulsories and Team Optionals which carried over to Event Finals where she got also got a 10, creating a "meta-perfect" score) | |||
==== ] ==== | |||
* ] – 30/40 on Floor Exercise (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals) | |||
* ] – 30/40 on Pommel Horse (all optionals routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Floor Exercise) | |||
=== World Cup === | |||
==== ] ==== | |||
* ] – 20/20 on Floor Exercise (All-Around and Event Finals) | |||
=== European Championships === | |||
==== ] ==== | |||
* ] – 20/20 on Floor Exercise (in both the All-Around and Event Finals) | |||
==== ] ==== | |||
* ] – 20/20 on Floor Exercise (in both the All-Around and Event Finals) | |||
=== ] === | |||
==== 1976 American Cup ==== | |||
* ] – 20/20 on Vault (in both the Preliminaries and All-Around) | |||
==== 1984 American Cup ==== | |||
* ] – 20/20 on Uneven Bars (in both the Preliminaries and All-Around) | |||
=== DTB Cup === | |||
==== 1984 DTB Cup ==== | |||
* ] – 20/20 on Uneven Bars (All-Around and Event Finals), 20/20 on Floor Exercise (All-Around and Event Finals) | |||
== See also == | |||
* ] | |||
== References == | |||
{{Reflist|30em}} | |||
{{Nadia Comăneci}} | |||
] | ] | ||
] |
Latest revision as of 12:10, 28 August 2024
Gymnastics scoring on 10 point scale, changed in 2006A perfect 10 is a score of 10.000 for a single routine in artistic gymnastics, which was once thought to be unattainable—particularly at the Olympic Games—under the code of points set by the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG). It is generally recognized that the first person to score a perfect 10 at the Olympic Games was Romanian Nadia Comăneci, at the 1976 Games in Montreal. Other women who accomplished this feat at the Olympics include Nellie Kim, also in 1976, Mary Lou Retton in 1984, Daniela Silivaș and Yelena Shushunova in 1988, Lu Li and Lavinia Miloșovici in 1992. The first man to score a perfect 10 is considered to be Alexander Dityatin, at the 1980 Olympics in Moscow. (However, in the 1924 Paris Olympics, 22 men achieved a mark of 10 in rope-climbing, with Albert Séguin getting a second 10 in the sidehorse vault, events that are no longer part of artistic gymnastics.)
The FIG changed its code of points in 2006. There are now different top scores, all greater than 10, for the various events, based upon difficulty and artistic merit; there is no consistent perfect score. Execution scores are still out of 10, so the theoretical possibility exists for a gymnast to get a partial "perfect 10" (for execution) in addition to whatever maximum number they get for difficulty, but no such score has been awarded in decades.
History
Men's artistic gymnastics had been an Olympic sport since the beginning of the modern games. Women's gymnastics were introduced as a single (team) event in the 1928 games, but were not expanded until the 1952 games, when there were seven events.
The International Federation of Gymnastics first drew up a code of points—for men—in 1949. Although the code was based on a maximum score of 10, until 1976 it was considered impossible to achieve a score of greater than 9.95, particularly at the Olympic Games. At the World Championships or Olympics, from when increased standardization of competition format and scoring (which was capped at a 10, a trend which would not be changed until 2006) was introduced at the 1952 Olympics, the very highest scores tended to be in the 9.400 – 9.600 range, and over the next few World and Olympic cycles through the 1950, 1960s, and 1970s, the top scores gradually got higher through the 9.700 and 9.800 range.
During the post-1952 era, a couple of very early scores, essentially extreme outliers, that came very close to the 10 mark were Armenian-Soviet Hrant Shahinyan's 9.950 on optional rings at the 1952 Olympics and Armenian-Soviet Albert Azaryan's 9.950, also on the optional still rings exercise, at the 1954 World Championships. On the men's side, these scores might not have been surpassed, or even equaled, at a World Championships or Olympics until 1980, as even scores of 9.900 were extremely rare and, in some Worlds and Olympics throughout the 1950s−1970s, scores of 9.900 seem to have been non-existent for the men.
One early example of a woman gymnast breaking 9.900 at a World Championships or Olympics in the post-1952 era was Soviet Larisa Latynina at the 1962 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships with a score of 9.933. Soviet Zinaida Druzhinina-Voronina also scored a 9.933, at the 1966 World Championships in the floor exercise finals.
Věra Čáslavská of Czechoslovakia was the first gymnast to achieve perfect 10s at a major competition in the post-1952 era, which she did twice at the 1967 European Championships, which were displayed on a manual scoreboard.
Prior to the 1976 Olympics in Montreal, Omega, the official timers, asked the International Olympic Committee how many digits it should allow on the electronic scoreboard, and were told that three digits would be sufficient, as a score of 10.00 would not be possible. On 18 July 1976, however, 14-year-old Romanian gymnast Nadia Comăneci scored a 10 on the uneven bars. Because the scoreboard was limited to three digits, it displayed her score as 1.00. This led to confusion, with even Comăneci unsure of what it meant, until the announcer informed the elated crowd that she had scored a perfect 10. An iconic press photograph (see above) shows a beaming Comăneci, arms upraised, beside the scoreboard. Comăneci scored a total of seven 10s at the 1976 Olympics—four on the uneven bars and three on the balance beam. Her main rival, the Soviet Union's Nelli Kim, scored two 10s in the same competition, in the vault and floor exercise. Comăneci's coach, Béla Károlyi, having defected to the United States in 1981, subsequently coached American Mary Lou Retton to gold at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles, where she scored 10s in the vault and floor exercise.
The first man to score a perfect 10 in Olympic competition was the Soviet Alexander Dityatin, in the vault, on the way to a record-breaking eight medals in the 1980 Olympics in Moscow. Among other men to achieve the score was Comăneci's future husband, Bart Conner, who achieved two 10s in the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
Change in scoring
The code of points came under review as a result of separate incidents during the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, in which gymnasts were believed to have received excessively low scores. A new scoring system was introduced in 2006. It consists of an "A" score, based on the difficulty of elements, and a "B" score, based on artistic impression. While the B score still has a maximum of 10, it is only a part of the overall score.
The change had its share of critics. Béla Károlyi said of it: "It's crazy, terrible, the stupidest thing that ever happened to the sport of gymnastics.". Mary Lou Retton remarked: "It's hard to understand. I don't even understand it." Nadia Comăneci commented, "It's so hard to define sports like ours and we had something unique. The 10, it was ours first and now you give it away."
List of perfect 10s
This list may be incomplete.
Olympics
Paris 1924
- Twenty-two men in rope-climbing, with Albert Séguin getting a second 10.0 in the sidehorse vault
Montreal 1976
Women
- Nadia Comăneci – team compulsory uneven bars, team optional uneven bars, team optional balance beam, all around uneven bars, all around balance beam, uneven bars event final, balance beam event final
- Nellie Kim – all around vault, floor exercise event final
(Olympic database; Women's individual results; women's all-around results; women's team results)
Moscow 1980
Men
- Alexander Dityatin – all around vault
- Stoyan Deltchev – all around rings
- Aleksandr Tkachyov – all around high bar
- Michael Nikolay – all around pommel horse
- Zoltán Magyar – all around pommel horse, pommel horse event final
(Men's all-around results; men's individual event results)
Women
- Natalia Shaposhnikova – team compulsory vault
- Yelena Davydova – team optional floor exercise
- Emilia Eberle – team optional uneven bars
- Nadia Comăneci – team compulsory balance beam, all around uneven bars
- Melita Ruhn – team optional vault
- Maxi Gnauck – team optional uneven bars
Los Angeles 1984
Men
- Peter Vidmar – team compulsory pommel horse, all around high bar, pommel horse event final
- Bart Conner – team optional parallel bars, parallel bars event final
- Mitch Gaylord – team compulsory parallel bars, team optional rings
- Tim Daggett – team optional high bar
- Li Ning – team compulsory pommel horse, team optional rings, floor exercise event final, pommel horse event final
- Tong Fei – team compulsory high bar, team optional rings, all around high bar, high bar event final
- Xu Zhiqiang – team compulsory high bar
- Lou Yun – team compulsory vault, team optional vault
- Li Xiaoping – team compulsory pommel horse
- Koji Gushiken – team compulsory high bar, all around vault, high bar event final
- Shinji Morisue – team compulsory high bar, team optional high bar, high bar event final
- Nobuyuki Kajitani – parallel bars event final
Women
- Ecaterina Szabo – team compulsory floor exercise, team optional vault, all around balance beam, floor exercise event final
- Simona Păucă – team optional balance beam
- Mary Lou Retton – team optional vault, all around vault, all around floor exercise
- Julianne McNamara – team optional uneven bars, team optional floor exercise, all around uneven bars, uneven bars event final, floor exercise event final
- Ma Yanhong – team optional uneven bars, all around uneven bars, uneven bars event final
(Men's results; women's results)
Seoul 1988
Men
- Vladimir Artemov – team compulsory parallel bars, team optional high bar, all around parallel bars, all around high bar
- Valeri Liukin – team optional pommel horse, team optional parallel bars, all around high bar
- Dmitry Bilozerchev – team optional pommel horse, team optional rings, all around pommel horse, all around rings, all around vault, pommel horse event final
- Sergei Kharkov – team optional floor exercise
- Koichi Mizushima – team optional pommel horse
- Daisuke Nishikawa – team optional pommel horse
- Lubomir Geraskov – team optional pommel horse, pommel horse event final
- Zsolt Borkai – team optional pommel horse, pommel horse event final
- Holger Behrendt – team optional rings
- Sylvio Kroll – all around pommel horse
- György Guczoghy – all around pommel horse
- Csaba Fajkusz – all around high bar
Women
- Yelena Shushunova – team compulsory vault, team optional vault, team optional uneven bars, team optional floor exercise, all around vault, all around floor exercise, uneven bars event final
- Daniela Silivaș – team compulsory uneven bars, team compulsory floor exercise, team optionals uneven bars, team optionals balance beam, all around uneven bars, all around floor exercise, uneven bars event final
- Dagmar Kersten – team compulsory uneven bars, uneven bars event final
(Men's results; women's results)
Barcelona 1992
Women
- Lu Li – uneven bars event final
- Lavinia Miloșovici – floor exercise event final
(Women's results)
Alternate Olympics
Olomouc 1984
Men
- Dmitry Bilozerchev – team optional pommel horse, team optional rings, team optional parallel bars, team optional high bar, all around pommel horse, all around vault, all around parallel bars, all around high bar, pommel horse event final, rings event final, high bar event final
- Vladimir Artemov – team optional pommel horse, team optional rings, team optional vault, all around rings
- Yuri Balbanov – team compulsory rings, team optional high bar, all around parallel bars
- Holger Behrendt – team optional rings
- Sylvio Kroll – team compulsory vault, team optional vault, vault event final
- Roland Brückner – team optional floor exercise
Women
- Olga Mostepanova – team compulsory vault, team compulsory uneven bars, team compulsory balance beam, team optional vault, team optional balance beam, team optional floor exercise, all around vault, all around uneven bars, all around balance beam, all around floor exercise, balance beam event final, floor exercise event final
- Natalia Yurchenko – team compulsory uneven bars, team optional vault, all around vault, all around balance beam, uneven bars event final
- Yelena Shushunova – team optional vault
- Maxi Gnauck – team compulsory uneven bars, team optional vault, team optional uneven bars, all around floor exercise, uneven bars event final, floor exercise event final
- Gabriele Fähnrich – team compulsory uneven bars, uneven bars event final
- Hana Říčná – team optional balance beam, all around vault, all around uneven bars
- Martina Koblizkova – team optional vault
- Alena Dřevjaná – all around balance beam
- Franka Voigt – all around vault
- Boriana Stoyanova – all around uneven bars
- Miroslava Koblizkova – all around uneven bars
Goodwill Games
1986 Goodwill Games
Women
- Yelena Shushunova – all around vault
- Oksana Omelianchik – all around floor exercise
1990 Goodwill Games
Women
- Natalia Kalinina – all around floor exercise
World Championships
1934 World Championships
- Eugen Mack – vault (perfect 20 out of 20)
1950 World Championships
- Hans Eugster – compulsory parallel bars
1981 World Championships
Men
- Aleksandr Tkachyov – team optional high bar, high bar event final
- Artur Akopyan – team optional high bar, high bar event final
- Tong Fei – team optional high bar, all around high bar
- Bogdan Makuts – all around high bar
- Sergio Saurez – all around high bar
- Li Xiaoping – pommel horse event final
- Michael Nikolay – pommel horse event final
- György Guczoghy – pommel horse event final
- Yuri Korolev – pommel horse event final
- Eberhard Gienger – high bar event final
- Kiyoshi Goto – high bar event final
Women
- Olga Bicherova – all around vault
- Maxi Gnauck – uneven bars event final
1983 World Championships
Men
- Tong Fei – team compulsory parallel bars, floor exercise event final
- Li Ning – team optional rings, pommel horse event final
- Lou Yun – team optional parallel bars, parallel bars event final
- Dmitry Bilozerchev – team compulsory pommel horse, team optional pommel horse, all around floor exercise, all around vault, all around high bar, pommel horse event final, rings event final, high bar event final
- Vladimir Artemov – team optional parallel bars, parallel bars event final
- Shinji Morisue – team optional high bar
- György Guczoghy – all around pommel horse, pommel horse event final
- Alexander Pogorelov – all around rings
- Li Xiaoping – pommel horse event final
- Koji Gushiken – rings event final
- Koji Sotomura – rings event final
Women
- Natalia Yurchenko – team optional vault, team optional balance beam, all around vault, all around floor exercise
- Olga Mostepanova – team optional vault, all around vault, floor exercise event final
- Olga Bicherova – team optional vault
- Lavinia Agache – team optional uneven bars
- Ecaterina Szabo – team optional uneven bars, team optional floor exercise, all around vault, all around floor exercise, floor exercise event final
- Mirela Barbălată – team optional vault
- Maxi Gnauck – team optional uneven bars, all around uneven bars, uneven bars event final
1985 World Championships
Men
- Tong Fei – team optional high bar
Women
- Olga Mostepanova – team compulsory balance beam
- Oksana Omelianchik – team optional floor exercise, floor exercise event final
- Yelena Shushunova – team optional floor exercise
- Gabriele Fähnrich – team compulsory uneven bars
- Daniela Silivaș – balance beam event final
1987 World Championships
Men
- Xu Zhiqiang – team optional parallel bars
- Lou Yun – team optional floor exercise, floor exercise event final
- Sylvio Kroll – team optional vault, all around vault
- Yuri Korolev – all around vault
Women
- Aurelia Dobre – team optional vault, team optional balance beam, team optional floor exercise, all around vault, balance beam event final
- Daniela Silivaș – team compulsory balance beam, team compulsory floor exercise, team optional uneven bars, team optional floor exercise, floor exercise event final
- Camelia Voinea – team optional floor exercise
- Eugenia Golea – team optional vault
- Yelena Shushunova – team compulsory vault, team compulsory floor exercise, team optional floor exercise, all around floor exercise, floor exercise event final
- Dörte Thümmler – team optional uneven bars
- Gabriele Fähnrich – team optional uneven bars
- Fan Di – team optional uneven bars
1989 World Championships
Men
- Valentin Mogilny – team optional pommel horse, all around pommel horse, pommel horse event final
Women
- Natalia Laschenova – team optional vault, all around vault, all around uneven bars
- Svetlana Boginskaya – team optional uneven bars, team optional floor exercise, all around vault, all around floor exercise, floor exercise event final
- Olesya Dudnik – team compulsory floor exercise, team optional vault, team optional balance beam
- Daniela Silivaș – team compulsory vault, team optional uneven bars, team optional floor exercise, uneven bars event final, floor exercise event final
- Cristina Bontaș – all around floor exercise
- Fan Di – uneven bars event final
1991 World Championships
Women
- Kim Zmeskal – team optional vault
- Kim Gwang-Suk – uneven bars event final
European Championships
1967 European Championships
Women
- Věra Čáslavská – balance beam event final, floor exercise event final
1977 European Championships
Women
- Nadia Comăneci – balance beam event final
1981 European Championships
Women
- Maxi Gnauck – uneven bars event final
1985 European Championships
Women
- Yelena Shushunova – all around vault
- Oksana Omelianchik – floor exercise event final
1987 European Championships
Women
- Daniela Silivaș – all around floor exercise, floor exercise event final
1989 European Championships
Women
- Svetlana Boginskaya – all around floor exercise, floor exercise event final
- Olga Strazheva – all around uneven bars
- Daniela Silivaș – floor exercise event final
1990 European Championships
Women
- Svetlana Boginskaya – all around vault, balance beam event final, floor exercise event final, vault event final.
U.S. National Championships
1984 National Championships
Men
- Mitch Gaylord – all around optional high bar
Women
- Mary Lou Retton – all around optional vault, floor exercise event final
1988 National Championships
Men
- Dan Hayden – all around compulsory parallel bars
1990 National Championships
Men
- Bill Roth – all around optional high bar
1992 National Championships
Women
- Kim Zmeskal – all around optional vault
U.S. Olympic Trials
1984 Olympic Trials
Men
- Peter Vidmar – optional high bar
- Mitch Gaylord – optional parallel bars
- Bart Conner – compulsory parallel bars
1988 Olympic Trials
Women
- Rhonda Faehn – optional vault
- Joyce Wilborn – compulsory vault
1992 Olympic Trials
Women
- Kim Zmeskal – optional vault
Moscow News/World Stars
1979 Moscow News
Women
- Stella Zakharova – all around floor exercise
1988 Moscow News
Women
- Yelena Shushunova – all around balance beam
1989 Moscow News
Women
- Svetlana Boginskaya – all around vault
- Yulia Kut – uneven bars event final
1991 World Stars
Men
- Sergey Kharkov – all around high bar
- Valeri Liukin – all around rings
1992 World Stars
Women
- Tatiana Gutsu – all around uneven bars
American Cup
New York City 1976
Women
- Nadia Comăneci – team optional vault, all around floor exercise
New York City 1980
Men
- Kurt Thomas – all around high bar
New York City 1984
Men
- Peter Vidmar – all around pommel horse
Women
- Mary Lou Retton – team optional floor exercise, all around vault
- Julianne McNamara – team optional uneven bars, all around uneven bars
Orlando 1991
Women
- Kim Zmeskal – all around floor exercise
- Betty Okino – all around vault
Orlando 1992
Men
- Scott Keswick – all around rings
European Cup
1988 European Cup
Women
- Yelena Shevchenko – all around floor exercise
DTB Cup
1984 DTB Cup
Women
- Maxi Gnauck – all around uneven bars, all around floor exercise, uneven bars event final, floor exercise event final
1987 DTB Cup
Men
- Nicusor Pascu – all around high bar
1988 DTB Cup
Men
- Marius Gherman – all around high bar
Women
- Svetlana Boginskaya – all around vault
1989 DTB Cup
Women
- Natalia Lashchenova – all around vault
Cottbus International
1984 Cottbus International
Women
- Maxi Gnauck – all around floor exercise
- Gabriele Fähnrich – all around uneven bars
1985 Cottbus International
Women
- Maxi Gnauck – floor exercise event final
1992 Cottbus International
Women
- Henrietta Ónodi – floor exercise event final
World Cup
1979 World Cup
Women
- Nadia Comăneci – all around floor exercise, floor exercise event final
- Stella Zakharova – floor exercise event final
1982 World Cup
Men
- Li Ning – all around high bar
1986 World Cup
Women
- Yelena Shushunova – all around vault
Tokyo Cup
1985 Tokyo Cup
Women
- Ulrike Klotz – floor exercise event final
1988 Tokyo Cup
Women
- Daniela Silivaș – uneven bars event final, floor exercise event final
- Svetlana Ivanova – floor exercise event final
Chunichi Cup
1976 Chunichi Cup
Women
- Nadia Comăneci – all around uneven bars, all around floor exercise
1988 Chunichi Cup
Women
- Daniela Silivaș – floor exercise event final
- Svetlana Boginskaya – floor exercise event final
University Games
1987 University Games
Women
- Yelena Shushunova – all around uneven bars, all around balance beam, all around floor exercise
"Meta-Perfect" Scores of 20, 30, and 40
Although virtually hundreds of perfect scores of 10 were given at various levels of competition throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, "meta-perfect" scores of 20, 30, or 40 were much, much more rare. A "meta-perfect" score would be an instance where a gymnast received multiple perfect scores of 10 throughout a competition on an apparatus (culminating in an official "meta-perfect" score of 20 in the Event Finals, depending upon the era and competition), or on every apparatus in a segment of a competition (which would result in an official "meta-perfect" score of 60 for a male gymnast or 40 for female gymnast, depending upon the era and competition).
Three possible scenarios in which to create a "meta-perfect score", that have occurred, would then be: 1) to achieve perfect 10s on every apparatus throughout a segment of a competition (Team Compulsories, Team Optionals, or All-Around) which would post an official "meta-perfect" score of either 60 for the men or 40 for the women, depending upon the era and competition; 2) to achieve perfect 10s on all performances on an apparatus throughout every segment of a competition (Team Compulsories, Optionals, All-around, and Event Finals), which would officially post a "meta-perfect" score of 20 in Event Finals, depending upon the era and competition; and 3) to achieve perfect 10s on all optionals performances on an apparatus (team optionals, all-around (if competed in), event finals), which might or might not post an official "meta-perfect" score, depending upon the competition and era – but this is a possibly necessary scenario to articulate because perfect scores of 10 were given much less often to compulsory routines than to optional routines, for a number of reasons. Olga Mostepanova seems to have been the only gymnast to do #1 at a major international competition. Svetlana Boginskaya, Nadia Comăneci, Maxi Gnauck, Olga Mostepanova, and Daniela Silivaș are women who have done this more than once. Dmitry Bilozerchev has done this probably more (4) times than any other man.
No score of "30" (listed several times below) would ever have been an officially posted score to designate "meta-perfection" on an apparatus. This is merely a designation of either 1) "meta-perfection" on an apparatus in both phases of the team competition (compulsories and optionals) as well as event finals, but not in the all-around, and this is worth articulating relative to listed "meta-perfect" scores of 40 because the gymnast in question might not have qualified to the all-around, therefore no opportunity to achieve a theoretical "meta-perfect" score of 40/40; OR 2) "meta-perfection" on all optionals performance on an apparatus (see scenario #3, above).
Olympics
1976 Olympics
- Nadia Comăneci – 40/40 on Uneven Bars (every segment of the competition), 30/40 on Balance Beam (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals)
1984 Olympics
- Ma Yanhong – 30/40 on Uneven Bars (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals)
- Julianne McNamara – 30/40 on Uneven Bars (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals)
- Shinji Morisue – 30/30 on Horizontal Bar (Team Compulsories, Team Optionals, Event Finals; he did not compete in the all-around, so no opportunity to achieve 40/40, but he did get a 10 every time he competed on the apparatus)
1988 Olympics
- Dmitry Bilozerchev – 30/40 on Pommel Horse (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals)
- Daniela Silivaș – 40/40 on Uneven Bars (every segment of the competition)
Alternate Olympics
Olomouc 1984
- Dmitry Bilozerchev – 30/40 on Pommel Horse (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals), 30/40 on Horizontal Bar (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals)
- Maxi Gnauck – 30/40 on Uneven Bars (in Team Compulsories, Team Optionals, and Event Finals; not a 10 in the All-Around, but a 10 in both segments of the team competition that carried over to Event Finals where Gnauck also got another 10 to create a "meta-perfect" score)
- Olga Mostepanova – 40/40 in the All-Around (all 4 apparatuses), 40/40 on Balance Beam (in every segment of the competition), 30/40 on Floor Exercise (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals)
World Championships
1934 Worlds
- Eugen Mack – 20/20 on Vault (exact details unknown but all of the highest scores in the competition were in the 18s and 19s, and his was the only 20)
1981 Worlds
- Artur Akopyan – 20/30 on Horizontal Bar (both optional routines in Team Optionals and Event Finals – did not compete All-Around)
- Aleksandr Tkachyov (Tkachev) – 20/30 (both optional routines in Team Optionals and Event Finals – did not compete All-Around)
1983 Worlds
- Vladimir Artemov – 20/30 on Parallel Bars (both optional routines – Team Optionals, Event Finals – did not compete All-Around)
- Dmitry Bilozerchev – 30/40 on Pommel Horse (not in the All-Around, but in both Team Compulsories and Team Optionals which carried over to Event Finals where he also got a 10, creating a "meta-perfect" score)
- Maxi Gnauck – 30/40 on Uneven Bars (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals)
- Ekaterina Szabo – 30/40 on Floor Exercise (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals)
1987 Worlds
- Yelena Shushunova – 40/40 on Floor Exercise (in every segment of the competition)
- Daniela Silivaș – 30/40 on Floor Exercise (not in the All-Around, but in both Team Compulsories and Team Optionals which carried over to Event Finals where she got also got a 10, creating a "meta-perfect" score)
1989 Worlds
- Svetlana Boginskaya – 30/40 on Floor Exercise (all optional routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Event Finals)
- Valentin Mogilny – 30/40 on Pommel Horse (all optionals routines – Team Optionals, All-Around, Floor Exercise)
World Cup
1979 World Cup
- Nadia Comăneci – 20/20 on Floor Exercise (All-Around and Event Finals)
European Championships
1987 Europeans
- Daniela Silivaș – 20/20 on Floor Exercise (in both the All-Around and Event Finals)
1989 Europeans
- Svetlana Boginskaya – 20/20 on Floor Exercise (in both the All-Around and Event Finals)
American Cup
1976 American Cup
- Nadia Comăneci – 20/20 on Vault (in both the Preliminaries and All-Around)
1984 American Cup
- Julianne McNamara – 20/20 on Uneven Bars (in both the Preliminaries and All-Around)
DTB Cup
1984 DTB Cup
- Maxi Gnauck – 20/20 on Uneven Bars (All-Around and Event Finals), 20/20 on Floor Exercise (All-Around and Event Finals)
See also
References
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- Jamie Clarke (19 August 2015). "1976: First Gymnast to Score a Perfect 10 at an Olympics Games". Guinness World Records.
- William D. Murray (9 January 1986). "Soviet gymnast Aleksandr Dityatin, the winner of a record..." United Press International.
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- "History of Artistic Gymnastics at the Olympic Games" (PDF). Olympic.org. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
- "Milestones". International Federation of Gymnastics. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
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This routine from the team earned Larissa Latynina a 9.933.
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There's the mark. 9.933. And that is the highest mark of any competitor, man or woman, at these World Championships.
- Tatlow, Peter (1979). Gymnastics: all the beauty and skills of this thrilling sport. Chartwell Books, Inc. p. 143. ISBN 9780711100046.
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- "The Games of 24th Olympiad / Men". gymnasticsresults.com. Archived from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
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- "The Games of 25th Olympiad / Women". gymnasticsresults.com. Archived from the original on September 22, 2008. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
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