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{{Short description|1997 agreement ending the First Chechen War}}
⚫ '''Russian-Chechen Peace Treaty''' (or '''Moscow Peace Treaty''' <ref>, ], September 29th 2003</ref>) was a formal ]<ref>, ], 10 February 2010</ref> "on ] and the principles of ]n-] relations" following the ] of 1994-1996. It was signed by the president of Russia ] and the newly-elected president of Chechnya ], on May 12, 1997, at the ].<ref name=turning>, ], May 11, 2007</ref>
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox treaty
|name = Russia–Chechnya Peace Treaty
|type = ]
|date_signed = {{date and age|1997|05|12|df=y}}
|location_signed = ]
|signatories = {{plainlist|
* {{flagd|Russia|size=22px}} ]<hr />
* {{flagd|Chechen Republic of Ichkeria|size=22px}} ]}}
}}
<onlyinclude>{{#ifeq:{{{transcludesection|Russia–Chechnya_Peace_Treaty_lead}}}|Russia–Chechnya_Peace_Treaty_lead|
⚫ The '''Russia–Chechnya Peace Treaty''' of 1997, also known as the '''Moscow Peace Treaty''',<ref>{{cite web|last=Maksakov|first=Ilya |date=29 September 2003 |url=http://www.watchdog.cz/?show=000000-000004-000001-000096&lang=1 |title=Aslan Maskhadov: Five Steps into History |website=Prague Watchdog|access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref> was a formal ]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/2357267.stm |title=Timeline: Chechnya|work=] |date=19 January 2011|access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref> "on ] and the principles of ]n–] relations" following the ] of 1994–1996. It was signed by the president of Russia ] and the newly elected president of Chechnya ] on 12 May 1997, in the Moscow ].<ref name="Fuller">{{cite news|last=Fuller|first=Liz |date=11 May 2007 |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1076423.html |title=Chechnya: The Turning Point That Wasn't|work=]|access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref>
}}</onlyinclude>


==Events==
The 1997 agreement was preceded by the ] signed by Maskhadov, then the ] of Chechen separatist forces, and the Russian general ] on August 30, 1996, which had formally ended the war in Chechnya with the withdrawal of all federal forces and administration, and thus the return to uneasy ] of 1991-1994. During the often-tense subsequent talks, the Russian negotiating team was headed by ], Lebed's replacement in the post of chief negotiator, and their Chechen counterpart included ] and ].<ref name=turning/> In January 1997, Russia officially recognized the new Chechen government of president Maskhadov, paving the way for his meeting with Yeltsin. Shortly before flying off to ], Maskhadov persuaded a renegade commander ] to cease his agitation and provocations against Russia.<ref name=signs/> The 1997 agreement was preceded by the ] signed by Maskhadov, then the ] of Chechen separatist forces, and the Russian general ] on 30 August 1996, which had formally ended the war in Chechnya with the withdrawal of all federal forces and administration, and thus the return to uneasy ] of 1991–1994. During the often-tense subsequent talks, the Russian negotiating team was headed by ], Lebed's replacement in the post of chief negotiator, and ] and their Chechen counterparts ] and ].<ref name="Fuller" /> In January 1997, Russia officially recognized the new Chechen government of president Maskhadov, paving the way for his meeting with Yeltsin. Shortly before flying off to ], Maskhadov persuaded a renegade commander ] to cease his agitation and provocations against Russia.<ref name="Stanley" />


In the short treaty the two sides agreed to reject "forever" the use of force or threat of force in resolving disputed issues, and to build ] relations the Russian Federation and the ] "on the generally recognized principles and norms of ]."<ref name=turning/> Besides Maskhadov and Yeltsin, former Chechen acting president ] also took part in the signing, together with Zakayev and Udugov, and several Russian top government officials. According to Yelstin, this was a "peace deal of historic dimensions, putting a full stop to 400 years of history ".<ref name=signs>, '']'', May 13, 1997</ref> It was then complemented by a longer intergovernmental economic agreement signed the same day by Aslan Maskhadov and the Russian prime minister ], including the heated issue of how much Russia would pay the devastated republic in war damages. In the short treaty the two sides agreed to reject "forever" the use of force or threat of force in resolving disputed issues, and to build ] relations between the Russian Federation and the ] "on the generally recognized principles and norms of ]".<ref name="Fuller" /> Besides Maskhadov and Yeltsin, former Chechen acting president ] also took part in the signing, together with Zakayev and Udugov, and several Russian top government officials. According to Yeltsin, this was a "peace deal of historic dimensions, putting a full stop to 400 years of history ]]".<ref name="Stanley">{{cite news|last=Stanley|first=Alessandra |author-link=Alessandra Stanley|date=13 May 1997|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E04E7DF1E39F930A25756C0A961958260 |title=Yeltsin Signs Peace Treaty With Chechnya|work=]|access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref> It was then complemented by a longer intergovernmental economic agreement signed the same day by Aslan Maskhadov and the Russian prime minister ], including the heated issue of how much Russia would pay the devastated republic in war damages.


The Moscow treaty caused great jubilation in Chechnya, but the key issue of ] was not resolved. According to the Khasavyurt Accord, all agreements on the relations between the Grozny and Moscow should be regulated until the end of 2001, however in 1999 the treaty was broken by Chechnya, when Chechen forces ] and Moscow nullified the peace treaty. Russian forces invaded the breakway republic again, occupying its whole territory by the next year. In 2003, Russia created the new consitution for Chechnya, according to which the Chechen Republic is one of federal subjects of the Russian Federation. Maskhadov has been killed by Russian special forces in 2005. The increasingly radicalized Chechen separatist movement evolved into an interethnic, ] militant network, and in 2007 its originally nationalist goal of ] has been officially abandoned in favor of ] encompassing most of Russia's ]. The Moscow treaty caused great jubilation in Chechnya, but the key issue of ] was not resolved. According to the Khasavyurt Accord, all agreements on the relations between ] and Moscow should be regulated until the end of 2001, however in 1999 Moscow nullified the peace treaty and invaded the breakaway republic again, occupying its whole territory by the next year. In 2003, Russia created the ], according to which the Chechen Republic is one of federal subjects of the Russian Federation. Maskhadov was killed by Russian special forces in 2005 while calling Moscow for negotiations to end the ]. The increasingly radicalized Chechen separatist movement evolved into an interethnic, ] militant network, and in 2007 its originally nationalist goal of an independent and secular Chechnya has been officially abandoned in favor of ] encompassing most of Russia's ].


==References== ==References==
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==External links== ==External links==
*, RFE/RL, May 11, 2007 *, RFE/RL, 11 May 2007
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{{Chechen wars}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Russia-Chechen Peace Treaty}}
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Latest revision as of 18:16, 12 January 2023

1997 agreement ending the First Chechen War

Russia–Chechnya Peace Treaty
TypePeace treaty
Signed12 May 1997; 27 years ago (1997-05-12)
LocationMoscow
Signatories

The Russia–Chechnya Peace Treaty of 1997, also known as the Moscow Peace Treaty, was a formal peace treaty "on peace and the principles of Russian–Chechen relations" following the First Chechen War of 1994–1996. It was signed by the president of Russia Boris Yeltsin and the newly elected president of Chechnya Aslan Maskhadov on 12 May 1997, in the Moscow Kremlin.

Events

The 1997 agreement was preceded by the Khasavyurt Accord signed by Maskhadov, then the chief of staff of Chechen separatist forces, and the Russian general Alexander Lebed on 30 August 1996, which had formally ended the war in Chechnya with the withdrawal of all federal forces and administration, and thus the return to uneasy status quo of 1991–1994. During the often-tense subsequent talks, the Russian negotiating team was headed by Ivan Rybkin, Lebed's replacement in the post of chief negotiator, and Boris Berezovsky and their Chechen counterparts Movladi Udugov and Akhmed Zakayev. In January 1997, Russia officially recognized the new Chechen government of president Maskhadov, paving the way for his meeting with Yeltsin. Shortly before flying off to Moscow, Maskhadov persuaded a renegade commander Salman Raduyev to cease his agitation and provocations against Russia.

In the short treaty the two sides agreed to reject "forever" the use of force or threat of force in resolving disputed issues, and to build bilateral relations between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria "on the generally recognized principles and norms of international law". Besides Maskhadov and Yeltsin, former Chechen acting president Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev also took part in the signing, together with Zakayev and Udugov, and several Russian top government officials. According to Yeltsin, this was a "peace deal of historic dimensions, putting a full stop to 400 years of history ". It was then complemented by a longer intergovernmental economic agreement signed the same day by Aslan Maskhadov and the Russian prime minister Viktor Chernomyrdin, including the heated issue of how much Russia would pay the devastated republic in war damages.

The Moscow treaty caused great jubilation in Chechnya, but the key issue of independence was not resolved. According to the Khasavyurt Accord, all agreements on the relations between Grozny and Moscow should be regulated until the end of 2001, however in 1999 Moscow nullified the peace treaty and invaded the breakaway republic again, occupying its whole territory by the next year. In 2003, Russia created the new constitution for Chechnya, according to which the Chechen Republic is one of federal subjects of the Russian Federation. Maskhadov was killed by Russian special forces in 2005 while calling Moscow for negotiations to end the Second Chechen War. The increasingly radicalized Chechen separatist movement evolved into an interethnic, pan-Islamic militant network, and in 2007 its originally nationalist goal of an independent and secular Chechnya has been officially abandoned in favor of a unified Islamic state encompassing most of Russia's North Caucasus.

References

  1. Maksakov, Ilya (29 September 2003). "Aslan Maskhadov: Five Steps into History". Prague Watchdog. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  2. "Timeline: Chechnya". BBC News. 19 January 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  3. ^ Fuller, Liz (11 May 2007). "Chechnya: The Turning Point That Wasn't". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  4. ^ Stanley, Alessandra (13 May 1997). "Yeltsin Signs Peace Treaty With Chechnya". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 May 2022.

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