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{{Short description|Training and support organisation}}
{{Infobox Company {{Infobox company
| company_name = Network TwentyOne | name = Network Twentyone
| company_logo = ]
| company_type = ] | logo = Network TwentyOne logo.jpg
| logo_size = 250px
| type = ]
| foundation = 1989 | foundation = 1989
| founder = Jim & Nancy Dornan | founder = Jim & Nancy Dornan
| location = ],],] | location = ], ], ]
| area_served = Worldwide | area_served = Worldwide
| industry = ] | industry = ]
| homepage = | homepage =
}} }}
'''Network Twentyone''', is a training and support organization<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.n21corp.com/Overview.aspx|title=Network TwentyOne International|website=www.n21corp.com|language=en|access-date=2017-06-27}}</ref> for distributors working with the ] business.<ref name="EmpireOfFreedom1">{{cite book |last= Robinson|first= James W.|title= Empire of Freedom: The Amway Story and What It Means to You|url= https://archive.org/details/empireoffreedoma00robi|url-access= registration|publisher= ] |year= 1997 |isbn= 0-7615-1088-5|pages=}}</ref><ref name="MarketingManagement">{{cite book |last= Saxena|first= Rajan|title= Marketing Management|publisher= ] |year= 2005|isbn= 978-0-07-059953-6|page=751}}</ref><ref name="Welcome">{{cite video | people=Henryk Dederko (producer) | date=1997 | url=http://www.filmweb.pl/f219342/Witajcie+w+%C5%BCyciu!,1997 | title=Witajcie w zyciu! (Welcome to life!) | medium=documentary | location=Poland | publisher=Contra Studio}}</ref> It was founded in 1990 by Jim and Nancy Dornan, distributors with Amway, originally to support their Amway network in the United States and Australia.<ref name="EmpireOfFreedom2">{{cite book |last= Robinson|first= James W.|title= Empire of Freedom: The Amway Story and What It Means to You|url= https://archive.org/details/empireoffreedoma00robi|url-access= registration|publisher= ] |year= 1997 |isbn= 0-7615-1088-5|page=}}</ref> Network Twentyone provides complete "turnkey business support solutions" for Amway Independent Business Owners from meetings and function production including education, recognition and motivation to web applications and multi-media products designed to aid you in building a profitable Amway business.<ref name=":0" /> These materials are often referred to as Business Support Material (or "BSM"). BSM are promoted to a ] represented by fellow IBOs ("Independent Business Owners") as well as potential IBOs, creating an opportunity for an additional and independent source of income to that derived from bonus payments arising from the sales generated within the network. The income of those who have reached significant levels can be substantially more through the sales efforts of BSM, to several or perhaps many IBOs<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Ch/2008/1054.html |title=Secretary of State for Business Enterprise & Regulatory Reform v Amway (UK) Ltd [2008&#93; EWHC 1054 (Ch) (14 May 2008) |publisher=Bailii.org |date= |accessdate=2022-09-07}}</ref> Network TwentyOne operates in more than 40 countries and is considered one of the largest adult education organizations in the world.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="EmpireOfFreedom1"/><ref name="Muskegon">{{cite news|title=UK threatens to ban Amway|first=Lee|last=Lupo|work=The Muskegon Chronicle|location=Grand Rapids|date=July 1, 2007|url=http://blog.mlive.com/chronicle/2007/07/united_kingdom_investigates_am.html}}</ref><ref>V Sloveniji imamo dva smaragda, pa še nic diamantov : Network 21 alias Amway - najvecja svetovna mreža (In Slovenia we have two emeralds, diamond is still waiting: Network 21 aka Amway - the world's largest network of agents), ''Gorenjski Glas'', Issue 52, 1997, p.21</ref>
'''Network TwentyOne''', also known as N21 or Network 21, is an education and training company supplying ''Professional Development Programs'' to ''Independent Business Owners'' (IBOs) working with ] a ] company. . Network TwentyOne operates in more than 36 countries, with 26 regional offices.<ref></ref> It was founded in 1989 by Americans Jim and Nancy Dornan, IBOs with Amway.<ref></ref>


==History==
⚫ == Business Methodology ==
Jim & Nancy Dornan began an ] business in 1971.<ref name="EmpireOfFreedom1"/><ref name="TCB">{{cite journal|journal=The Christian Businessman|title=The Secret to My Success|date=May 1998|pages=28–34}}</ref> After their son Eric was born with severe birth defects they rapidly built one of the largest Amway businesses in North America.<ref name="TCB"/> In the late 1980s and early 90s Amway began to expand and the Dornans decided there was an opportunity to develop a support system to work with Amway internationally.,.<ref name="TCB"/><ref name="ProPro">{{cite journal|journal=PROFESIONALNA Prodaja (Professional Sales|title=Nov posel za nov svet (New Business for the New World)|date=April 2000|pages=6–8|issn=1318-976X}}</ref> In 1990 they founded Network 21 with a goal to build a business system "that ignores borders and languages".<ref name="EmpireOfFreedom1"/> Initially based in the US and Australia, Network 21 expanded rapidly in Eastern Europe,<ref name="Welcome"/><ref name="EmpireOfFreedom3">{{cite book |last= Robinson|first= James W.|title= Empire of Freedom: The Amway Story and What It Means to You|url= https://archive.org/details/empireoffreedoma00robi|url-access= registration|publisher= ] |year= 1997 |isbn= 0-7615-1088-5|page=}}</ref> China, Indonesia, Turkey,<ref name="EmpireOfFreedom2"/> Philippines<ref>Network 21 Starts Today, ''Manila Standard'',19 Sep 1997, p.18</ref> and later India.<ref name="MarketingManagement"/>
Network 21 provides training programs to help IBOs grow their ]/] businesses. The system consists of books and CDs, and organizing seminars where successful business persons, specialists and motivational speakers speak, both from within and from outside Network 21. Network 21 teaches a method of business building which it calls the "TEAM21 strategy".{{Fact|date=May 2007}}.


In 1997, Network 21's "training material" was depicted in the Polish film ''Welcome to Life''.<ref name="money.pl">{{cite web|url=http://www.money.pl/gospodarka/wiadomosci/artykul/quot;amwayquot;;wygral;z;dederka,244,0,50676.html|title="Amway" wygrał z Dederką|date=10 December 2001 }}</ref> The director and producer were later acquitted on the charge of disseminating false information.".<ref name="wiadomosci.wp.pl">{{cite web|url=http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/kat,1345,title,Przerazajacy-film-o-praniu-mozgow-nie-w-Warszawie,wid,11589486,wiadomosc.html|title = Wiadomości z kraju i ze świata – wszystko co ważne – WP}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=May 2011}}<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ban on Film Has Poland Debating Censorship|first=Jane|last=Perlez|work=The New York Times|location=Warsaw|date=June 14, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/14/world/ban-on-film-has-poland-debating-censorship.html?pagewanted=1}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=May 2011}} The film, banned for 12 years, was one of the highly anticipated movies of 2009's Warsaw Film Festival and was described in the press by one of the promoters as a "scary movie about brainwashing"<ref name="wiadomosci.wp.pl"/> that depicts hard-sell "]" and distributors stating meetings were operated similar to the ]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ban on Film Has Poland Debating Censorship|first=Jane|last=Perlez|work=The New York Times|location=Warsaw|date=June 14, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/14/world/ban-on-film-has-poland-debating-censorship.html?pagewanted=1}}{{Cite news|title=Ban on Film Has Poland Debating Censorship|first=Jane|last=Perlez|work=The New York Times|location=Warsaw|date=June 14, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/14/world/ban-on-film-has-poland-debating-censorship.html?pagewanted=2}}</ref> and methods of recruitment that confusingly resembled those of a sect.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.plejada.pl/2,24876,news,1,1,witajcie-w-zyciu-film-o-amwayu-wycofany-z-wff,artykul.html |title="Witajcie w życiu", film o Amwayu wycofany z WFF - Film - Plejada - Sprawdź, co słychać w show-biznesie |accessdate=2011-07-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722134910/http://www.plejada.pl/2%2C24876%2Cnews%2C1%2C1%2Cwitajcie-w-zyciu-film-o-amwayu-wycofany-z-wff%2Cartykul.html |archive-date=2011-07-22 }}</ref> A best-seller on the local video ].,<ref>{{cite news|title=Ban on Film Has Poland Debating Censorship|first=Jane|last=Perlez|work=The New York Times|location=Warsaw|date=June 14, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/14/world/ban-on-film-has-poland-debating-censorship.html?pagewanted=1}}</ref> the film was later banned and its producers fined for using Network 21's copyrighted material.<ref name="money.pl"/> As of 2009 the film was still banned due to an ongoing case brought by "private individuals" ridiculed in the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amway.pl/news?news_id=11226&back_uri=/ |title= Amway (Pl) - OŚWIADCZENIE|website=www.amway.pl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903233612/http://www.amway.pl/news?news_id=11226&back_uri=%2F |archive-date=2011-09-03}}</ref>
== Controversy ==


In May 2007, the UK Government's Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) petitioned to ban Network Twentyone and Amway after a year-long investigation alleging practices revolving around distributors being more focused on selling their motivational books, tapes and seminars to salespeople than peddling Amway merchandise. The complaint also focused on recruitment tactics that inflate income estimates for new salespeople.<ref name="Muskegon"/> The petitions were dismissed after certain "defects of the old business model" were changed such as Amway allowing "misrepresentations" of its business by independent sellers in years past and failing to act decisively against the misrepresentations.<ref name="dismissed">{{cite news|url=http://www.mlive.com/business/index.ssf/2008/05/uk_dismisses_claims_against_am.html|title=U.K. judge dismisses claims against Amway|last=Knape|first=Chris|date=May 14, 2008|work=The Grand Rapids Press|location=Grand Rapids|access-date=2010-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202090225/http://www.mlive.com/business/index.ssf/2008/05/uk_dismisses_claims_against_am.html|archive-date=2008-12-02|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="DTI vs Amway Appeal">{{Cite court
In 1994, in the parliament of ] in Australia, the minister for consumer affairs was questioned regarding the methods used by Amway and N21, to which the minister replied by saying that the complaints and evidence received were too few to indicate any cause for concern.<ref>Parliament of New South Wales, discussion on Amway and Network 21</ref>
|litigants=The Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v AMWAY (UK) LIMITED
|court=SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE COURT OF APPEAL
|opinion= EWCA Civ 32
|date=January 29, 2009
|url=http://www.bailii.org/cgi-bin/markup.cgi?doc=/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2009/32.html
}}</ref>


⚫ ==Business Operations==
In May 2007, Amway stated on its media blog that the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), in its complaints against Network 21, made serious allegations about the way Network 21 represents the Amway business opportunity in the UK. The DTI also alleged that Amway did not do enough to police the misrepresentations made by Network 21 and other organizations. Amway announced a ban on sale of Business Support Materials (books, tapes, CDs, meetings, websites) by IBO organizations, including Network 21, in UK, and announced a thorough review of its business practices globally.
Network 21 publishes and distributes books and audio/visual training based programs and coordinates seminars for clients in 35 countries.<ref name="Muskegon"/><ref name="ProPro"/> Members refer to themselves as "network builders"<ref name="Maximise">{{cite book |last1= Priosaksono|first1= Aribowo|last2= Sembel|first2= Roy|title= Maximise your strength|publisher= Elex Media Komputindo |year= 2003|isbn= 979-20-4117-6|pages=192–193}}</ref> and are taught personal development<ref name="ProPro"/> and methods to expand their business network, including goal setting,<ref>{{cite book |last= Sarosa|first= Pietra|title= Becoming young entrepreneur: dream big, start small, act now!|publisher= Elex Media Komputindo |year= 2005|isbn= 979-20-7110-5|page=23}}</ref> prospecting,<ref name="Maximise"/> and "how to invite".<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Warta Ekonomi: Mingguan Berita Ekonomi & Bisnis| volume=9| issue=9–16 |year= 1997|page=30}}</ref> Network 21 reportedly has a greater "product focus" than some other Amway training organisations.<ref>{{cite book|last=Groß |first=Claudia |title=Multi-level-marketing: Identität und Ideologie im Network-marketing|publisher=Gabler Wissenschaftsverlage|isbn=978-3-531-15936-2| year=2008|pages=194, 228, 268}}</ref> Apart from Jim & Nancy Dornan, leadership includes Robert Angkasa, Paul & Linda Agus, and S.R. Kristiawan (Indonesia),<ref name="EmpireOfFreedom1"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Harefa|first=Andrias|title=berwirausaha dari nol|publisher=Gramedia Pustaka Utama|isbn=978-979-655-506-2| year=2000|pages=33–35}}</ref><ref name="EmpireOfFreedom4">{{cite book |last= Robinson|first= James W.|title= Empire of Freedom: The runway Story and What It Means to You|url= https://archive.org/details/empireoffreedoma00robi|url-access= registration|publisher= ] |year= 1997 |isbn= 0-7615-1088-5|pages=}}</ref> Hans & Eva Nusshold (Europe),<ref name="EmpireOfFreedom5">{{cite book |last= Robinson|first= James W.|title= Empire of Freedom: The Amway Story and What It Means to You|url= https://archive.org/details/empireoffreedoma00robi|url-access= registration|publisher= ] |year= 1997 |isbn= 0-7615-1088-5|page=}}</ref> and Mitch & Deidre Sala (Australia).<ref name="EmpireOfFreedom6">{{cite book |last= Robinson|first= James W.|title= Empire of Freedom: The Amway Story and What It Means to You|url= https://archive.org/details/empireoffreedoma00robi|url-access= registration|publisher= ] |year= 1997 |isbn= 0-7615-1088-5|page=, 109}}</ref>
Amway refused to stand by assertions in a response letter from Jim Dornan to IBOs, calling it an "unproductive spin" created by Network 21. Dornan's letter suggested that Network 21 is not a party to the DTI complaint. Jim Dornan subsequently issued a second letter, stating that Network 21 (UK) is named in a separate complaint by the DTI and hence the issue should be taken seriously and addressed. <ref>''OK, let’s talk UK'', on Amway Media Blog </ref> <ref>''Misrepresenting'', on Amway Media Blog </ref> <ref>''Un-spun'', on Amway Media Blog </ref>.


===Network of Caring===
== References ==
''Network of Caring'' was founded in 1994 as the philanthropic arm of Network TwentyOne,<ref name="TCB"/><ref name="WorldVision">{{cite web |url=http://www.worldvision.org/worldvision/appeals.nsf/8167b40c00a2c0c488256aaf0022563b/fb3afc6bf81b6e3188256acb00828364!OpenDocument |title=Network of Caring - A report of Network 21 Activities In Partnership with World Vision |year=2004 |publisher=] |accessdate= April 7, 2010}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref name="WVN21hist"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220170943/http://www.worldvision.org/worldvision/appeals.nsf/stable/noc21_history |date=2009-02-20 }}</ref> originally to help AIDS orphans in Uganda.<ref name="TCB"/> Through enlisting the help of other Amway IBOs associated with the organisation, more than a million dollars a year is sent to that country.<ref name="TCB"/> In partnership with ], Network of Caring and affiliated IBOs have donated millions to the feeding, housing, and education of children throughout the world.<ref name="WorldVision"/> ] has recognized Network of Caring and Network TwentyOne's members as their largest corporate network of child sponsors.<ref name="WorldVision"/><ref name="WVN21hist"/> Together with ], Network of Caring has provided wheelchairs to the disabled in South Africa and Ukraine<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224155614/http://www.freewheelchairmission.org/site/c.fgLFIXOJKtF/b.4923775/apps/s/content.asp?ct=6815749 |date=February 24, 2012 }}</ref><ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224155622/http://www.freewheelchairmission.org/site/c.fgLFIXOJKtF/b.4923775/apps/s/content.asp?ct=7522119 |date=2012-02-24 }}</ref><ref>Life Will Never Be The Same!, ''Daily Sun (South Africa)'',Monday 30 July 2007, p.12</ref>
{{reflist}}


==See also== ==See also==
Line 30: Line 38:
* ] * ]


==Network 21 sites== == References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
*
*
*
⚫ ]


{{Authority control}}
]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Network Twentyone}}
⚫ ]
]

Latest revision as of 19:45, 25 March 2024

Training and support organisation
Network Twentyone
Company typePrivate
IndustryEducation
Founded1989
FounderJim & Nancy Dornan
HeadquartersAtlanta, Georgia, United States
Area servedWorldwide
Websiten21corp.com

Network Twentyone, is a training and support organization for distributors working with the Amway business. It was founded in 1990 by Jim and Nancy Dornan, distributors with Amway, originally to support their Amway network in the United States and Australia. Network Twentyone provides complete "turnkey business support solutions" for Amway Independent Business Owners from meetings and function production including education, recognition and motivation to web applications and multi-media products designed to aid you in building a profitable Amway business. These materials are often referred to as Business Support Material (or "BSM"). BSM are promoted to a captive market represented by fellow IBOs ("Independent Business Owners") as well as potential IBOs, creating an opportunity for an additional and independent source of income to that derived from bonus payments arising from the sales generated within the network. The income of those who have reached significant levels can be substantially more through the sales efforts of BSM, to several or perhaps many IBOs Network TwentyOne operates in more than 40 countries and is considered one of the largest adult education organizations in the world.

History

Jim & Nancy Dornan began an Amway business in 1971. After their son Eric was born with severe birth defects they rapidly built one of the largest Amway businesses in North America. In the late 1980s and early 90s Amway began to expand and the Dornans decided there was an opportunity to develop a support system to work with Amway internationally.,. In 1990 they founded Network 21 with a goal to build a business system "that ignores borders and languages". Initially based in the US and Australia, Network 21 expanded rapidly in Eastern Europe, China, Indonesia, Turkey, Philippines and later India.

In 1997, Network 21's "training material" was depicted in the Polish film Welcome to Life. The director and producer were later acquitted on the charge of disseminating false information.". The film, banned for 12 years, was one of the highly anticipated movies of 2009's Warsaw Film Festival and was described in the press by one of the promoters as a "scary movie about brainwashing" that depicts hard-sell "pep rallies" and distributors stating meetings were operated similar to the Communist Party and methods of recruitment that confusingly resembled those of a sect. A best-seller on the local video black market., the film was later banned and its producers fined for using Network 21's copyrighted material. As of 2009 the film was still banned due to an ongoing case brought by "private individuals" ridiculed in the film.

In May 2007, the UK Government's Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) petitioned to ban Network Twentyone and Amway after a year-long investigation alleging practices revolving around distributors being more focused on selling their motivational books, tapes and seminars to salespeople than peddling Amway merchandise. The complaint also focused on recruitment tactics that inflate income estimates for new salespeople. The petitions were dismissed after certain "defects of the old business model" were changed such as Amway allowing "misrepresentations" of its business by independent sellers in years past and failing to act decisively against the misrepresentations.

Business Operations

Network 21 publishes and distributes books and audio/visual training based programs and coordinates seminars for clients in 35 countries. Members refer to themselves as "network builders" and are taught personal development and methods to expand their business network, including goal setting, prospecting, and "how to invite". Network 21 reportedly has a greater "product focus" than some other Amway training organisations. Apart from Jim & Nancy Dornan, leadership includes Robert Angkasa, Paul & Linda Agus, and S.R. Kristiawan (Indonesia), Hans & Eva Nusshold (Europe), and Mitch & Deidre Sala (Australia).

Network of Caring

Network of Caring was founded in 1994 as the philanthropic arm of Network TwentyOne, originally to help AIDS orphans in Uganda. Through enlisting the help of other Amway IBOs associated with the organisation, more than a million dollars a year is sent to that country. In partnership with World Vision, Network of Caring and affiliated IBOs have donated millions to the feeding, housing, and education of children throughout the world. World Vision has recognized Network of Caring and Network TwentyOne's members as their largest corporate network of child sponsors. Together with Free Wheelchair Mission, Network of Caring has provided wheelchairs to the disabled in South Africa and Ukraine

See also

References

  1. ^ "Network TwentyOne International". www.n21corp.com. Retrieved 2017-06-27.
  2. ^ Robinson, James W. (1997). Empire of Freedom: The Amway Story and What It Means to You. Prima Publishing. pp. 6–7. ISBN 0-7615-1088-5.
  3. ^ Saxena, Rajan (2005). Marketing Management. McGraw-Hill. p. 751. ISBN 978-0-07-059953-6.
  4. ^ Henryk Dederko (producer) (1997). Witajcie w zyciu! (Welcome to life!) (documentary). Poland: Contra Studio.
  5. ^ Robinson, James W. (1997). Empire of Freedom: The Amway Story and What It Means to You. Prima Publishing. p. 148. ISBN 0-7615-1088-5.
  6. "Secretary of State for Business Enterprise & Regulatory Reform v Amway (UK) Ltd [2008] EWHC 1054 (Ch) (14 May 2008)". Bailii.org. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
  7. ^ Lupo, Lee (July 1, 2007). "UK threatens to ban Amway". The Muskegon Chronicle. Grand Rapids.
  8. V Sloveniji imamo dva smaragda, pa še nic diamantov : Network 21 alias Amway - najvecja svetovna mreža (In Slovenia we have two emeralds, diamond is still waiting: Network 21 aka Amway - the world's largest network of agents), Gorenjski Glas, Issue 52, 1997, p.21
  9. ^ "The Secret to My Success". The Christian Businessman: 28–34. May 1998.
  10. ^ "Nov posel za nov svet (New Business for the New World)". PROFESIONALNA Prodaja (Professional Sales: 6–8. April 2000. ISSN 1318-976X.
  11. Robinson, James W. (1997). Empire of Freedom: The Amway Story and What It Means to You. Prima Publishing. p. 112. ISBN 0-7615-1088-5.
  12. Network 21 Starts Today, Manila Standard,19 Sep 1997, p.18
  13. ^ ""Amway" wygrał z Dederką". 10 December 2001.
  14. ^ "Wiadomości z kraju i ze świata – wszystko co ważne – WP".
  15. Perlez, Jane (June 14, 1998). "Ban on Film Has Poland Debating Censorship". The New York Times. Warsaw.
  16. Perlez, Jane (June 14, 1998). "Ban on Film Has Poland Debating Censorship". The New York Times. Warsaw.Perlez, Jane (June 14, 1998). "Ban on Film Has Poland Debating Censorship". The New York Times. Warsaw.
  17. ""Witajcie w życiu", film o Amwayu wycofany z WFF - Film - Plejada - Sprawdź, co słychać w show-biznesie". Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2011-07-09.
  18. Perlez, Jane (June 14, 1998). "Ban on Film Has Poland Debating Censorship". The New York Times. Warsaw.
  19. "Amway (Pl) - OŚWIADCZENIE". www.amway.pl. Archived from the original on 2011-09-03.
  20. Knape, Chris (May 14, 2008). "U.K. judge dismisses claims against Amway". The Grand Rapids Press. Grand Rapids. Archived from the original on 2008-12-02. Retrieved 2010-04-02.
  21. The Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v AMWAY (UK) LIMITED, (SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE COURT OF APPEAL January 29, 2009).
  22. ^ Priosaksono, Aribowo; Sembel, Roy (2003). Maximise your strength. Elex Media Komputindo. pp. 192–193. ISBN 979-20-4117-6.
  23. Sarosa, Pietra (2005). Becoming young entrepreneur: dream big, start small, act now!. Elex Media Komputindo. p. 23. ISBN 979-20-7110-5.
  24. Warta Ekonomi: Mingguan Berita Ekonomi & Bisnis. 9 (9–16): 30. 1997. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  25. Groß, Claudia (2008). Multi-level-marketing: Identität und Ideologie im Network-marketing. Gabler Wissenschaftsverlage. pp. 194, 228, 268. ISBN 978-3-531-15936-2.
  26. Harefa, Andrias (2000). berwirausaha dari nol. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. pp. 33–35. ISBN 978-979-655-506-2.
  27. Robinson, James W. (1997). Empire of Freedom: The runway Story and What It Means to You. Prima Publishing. pp. 101–103. ISBN 0-7615-1088-5.
  28. Robinson, James W. (1997). Empire of Freedom: The Amway Story and What It Means to You. Prima Publishing. p. 114. ISBN 0-7615-1088-5.
  29. Robinson, James W. (1997). Empire of Freedom: The Amway Story and What It Means to You. Prima Publishing. p. 103, 109. ISBN 0-7615-1088-5.
  30. ^ "Network of Caring - A report of Network 21 Activities In Partnership with World Vision". World Vision. 2004. Retrieved April 7, 2010.
  31. ^ World Vision - Network of Caring History Archived 2009-02-20 at the Wayback Machine
  32. Free Wheelchair Mission - The Friday stories, September 12, 2008 Archived February 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  33. Free Wheelchair Mission - Friday Wheelchair Story: She used a wheelbarrow Archived 2012-02-24 at the Wayback Machine
  34. Life Will Never Be The Same!, Daily Sun (South Africa),Monday 30 July 2007, p.12
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