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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in the pea family}}
{{Taxobox
{{more footnotes needed|date=November 2011}}
| name = Camelthorn
{{Speciesbox
⚫ | image = Alhagi maurorum seeds.jpg
| image = Camel Thorn flower.JPG
| image_width = 260px
| image_caption = seeds | image_caption = ''Alhagi maurorum'' flowers
| regnum = ]ae | genus = Alhagi
⚫ | species = maurorum
| divisio = ]
| classis = ] | authority = ]
| subdivision_ranks = Varieties
| ordo = ]
| subdivision_ref = <ref name="POWO">{{cite POWO |id=473473-1 |title=''Alhagi maurorum'' Medik. |access-date=12 April 2024}}</ref>
| familia = ]
| subdivision = {{Species list
| subfamilia = ]
⚫ | Alhagi maurorum var. maurorum |
| genus = '']''
| Alhagi maurorum var. turcorum | (Boiss.) Meilke
⚫ | species = '''''A. maurorum'''''
| binomial = ''Alhagi maurorum''
| binomial_authority = ]
| synonyms = ''Alhagi camelorum''<br>''Alhagi pseudalhagi''
}} }}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO" />
⚫ '''''Alhagi maurorum''''' (] ''A. camelorum'', ''A. pseudalhagi'') is a species of ] known by the common name '''camelthorn'''. This shrub is native to the region extending from the Mediterranean to Russia but has been introduced to many other areas of the world, including Australia, southern Africa, and the western United States. The perennial plant grows from a massive ] system which may extend over six feet deep into the ground. New shoots can appear over 20 feet from the parent plant. Above the ground the plant rarely reaches four feet in height. It is a heavily-branched gray-green thicket with long spines along the branches. It bears small bright pink to maroon pea flowers and small legume pods which are brown or reddish and constricted between the seeds. The seeds are mottled brown beans.
| synonyms = {{Collapsible list | {{Species list
| Alhagi alhagi | (L.) Huth (1893)
| Alhagi camelorum | Fisch. (1812)
| Alhagi napaulensium | DC. (1825)
| Alhagi turcorum | Boiss. (1849)
| Genista juasi | Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don 247 (1825)
| Hedysarum alhagi | L. (1753)
| Hedysarum hamiltonii | Spreng. (1826)
| Manna caspica | D.Don (1825)
| Manna hebraica | D.Don (1825)
| Ononis spinosa | Hasselq. (1769)
}}
}}
}}
], Iran]]


⚫ '''''Alhagi maurorum''''' is a species of ] commonly known, variously, as '''camelthorn''',<ref name="grin" /> '''Caspian manna''',<ref name=grin>&nbsp;The name ''Alhagi maurorum'', replacing ] ''Hedysarum alhagi'', was first published in ''Vorlesungen der Churpfälzischen physicalisch-ökonomischen Gesellschaft'' 2: 397. 1787. {{GRIN | accessdate=November 13, 2011}}</ref> and '''Persian mannaplant'''.<ref name="grin" /> This shrub is native to the region extending from the Mediterranean to Russia, but has been introduced to many other areas of the world, including Australia, southern Africa, and the western United States. The perennial plant grows from a massive ] system which may extend over six feet into the ground. New shoots can appear over 20 feet from the parent plant. Above the ground, the plant rarely reaches four feet in height. It is a heavily branched, gray-green thicket with long spines along the branches. It bears small, bright pink to maroon pea flowers and small legume pods, which are brown or reddish and constricted between the seeds. The seeds are mottled brown beans.
⚫ Camelthorn is a ] in its non-native range. It is a contaminant of ] seed and grows readily when accidentally introduced to a cultivated field. It has a wide tolerance of soils, thriving on saline, sandy, rocky, and dry soils. It does best when growing next to a source of water, such as an ] ditch. It is unpalatable to animals and irritating when it invades ] and grazing land.


==Distribution==
In Wicca magic the Alhagi camelorum also known as the "camel's needle," is used to pierce the Evil Eye. Users hang the needles above the front door or from a car's rear-view mirror, depending on where you want protection.
''Alhagi maurorum'' is ] to temperate and tropical Eurasia and the Middle East, in: ]; ]; ]; northwest ]; ]; northern ]; ]; ]; ]; ]; ]; ]; ]; ]; ]; ]; ]; ]; ]; ]; and ] (in ], ], southern European Russia, and the southern part of the ]).<ref name=grin/>

''Alhagi maurorum'' has become ] in ] and the southwest ]<ref name=grin/>

==Uses==
''Alhagi maurorum'' has been used locally in folk medicine as a treatment for ]s, ]s, and ailments related to the ]s.<ref name=jad>{{cite web|author=James A. Duke |title=''Alhagi maurorum'' (FABACEAE) |publisher=Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases |url=https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov/phytochem/ethnoPlants/show/3405?qlookup=Alhagi+maurorum |access-date=December 24, 2017|author-link=James A. Duke }}</ref> It is used as a medicinal herb for its ], ], ], ], ], ] and ] properties, and in the treatment of ] and ]s.{{citation needed|date=November 2011}} The plant is mentioned in the ] as a source of sweet ].<ref name="jalalayn">{{cite book |title=Tafsir al-Jalalayn |date=1505 |page=171 |url=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=7&tAyahNo=160&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2 |access-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> It has also been used as a ].<ref name=grin/>

In the ] of Iran, ''Alhagi maurorum'' ] has been used for ] therapy.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Tewari D, Mocan A, Parvanov ED, Sah AN, Nabavi SM, Huminiecki L, Ma ZF, Lee YY, Horbańczuk JO, Atanasov AG | date = Aug 2017 | title = Ethnopharmacological Approaches for Therapy of Jaundice: Part I | journal = Front Pharmacol | volume = 8 | page = 518 | doi = 10.3389/fphar.2017.00518 | pmid = 28860989 | pmc = 5559545 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

==Ecology==
⚫ ''Alhagi maurorum'' is a ] outside its native range. It is a contaminant of ] seed, and grows readily when accidentally introduced to a cultivated field. It has a wide soil tolerance, thriving on saline, sandy, rocky, and dry soils. It does best when growing next to a source of water, such as an ] ditch. It is unpalatable to animals and irritating when it invades ] and grazing land.

==References==
{{Reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
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⚫ ]
* {{cite journal | author = Atta AH | display-authors = etal | title = Evaluation of the diuretic effect of Conyza dioscorides and Alhagi maurorum | url = http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol2Suppl3/708.pdf | journal = International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences | volume = 2 | issue = Suppl 3 | pages = 162–165 | access-date = 2011-01-01 | archive-date = 2015-09-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924033509/http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol2Suppl3/708.pdf | url-status = dead }}
⚫ ]
* {{cite journal | author = Atta AH, Mouneir SM | date = Jun 2004 | title = Antidiarrhoeal activity of some Egyptian medicinal plant extracts | journal = J Ethnopharmacol | volume = 92 | issue = 2–3| pages = 303–309 | pmid = 15138016 | doi = 10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.017 }}
*
*

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2918709}}
{{Authority control}}


⚫ ]
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⚫ ]

Latest revision as of 17:44, 12 April 2024

Species of flowering plant in the pea family
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Alhagi maurorum
Alhagi maurorum flowers
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Genus: Alhagi
Species: A. maurorum
Binomial name
Alhagi maurorum
Medik.
Varieties
  • Alhagi maurorum var. maurorum
  • Alhagi maurorum var. turcorum (Boiss.) Meilke
Synonyms
List
    • Alhagi alhagi (L.) Huth (1893)
    • Alhagi camelorum Fisch. (1812)
    • Alhagi napaulensium DC. (1825)
    • Alhagi turcorum Boiss. (1849)
    • Genista juasi Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don 247 (1825)
    • Hedysarum alhagi L. (1753)
    • Hedysarum hamiltonii Spreng. (1826)
    • Manna caspica D.Don (1825)
    • Manna hebraica D.Don (1825)
    • Ononis spinosa Hasselq. (1769)
Wild Alhagi in Behbahan, Iran
Alhagi maurorum in Behbahan, Iran

Alhagi maurorum is a species of legume commonly known, variously, as camelthorn, Caspian manna, and Persian mannaplant. This shrub is native to the region extending from the Mediterranean to Russia, but has been introduced to many other areas of the world, including Australia, southern Africa, and the western United States. The perennial plant grows from a massive rhizome system which may extend over six feet into the ground. New shoots can appear over 20 feet from the parent plant. Above the ground, the plant rarely reaches four feet in height. It is a heavily branched, gray-green thicket with long spines along the branches. It bears small, bright pink to maroon pea flowers and small legume pods, which are brown or reddish and constricted between the seeds. The seeds are mottled brown beans.

Distribution

Alhagi maurorum is indigenous to temperate and tropical Eurasia and the Middle East, in: Afghanistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan; northwest China; Cyprus; northern India; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kuwait; Lebanon; Mongolia; Pakistan; Syria; Tajikistan; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; and Russia (in Ciscaucasia, Dagestan, southern European Russia, and the southern part of the West Siberian Plain).

Alhagi maurorum has become naturalized in Australia and the southwest U.S.

Uses

Alhagi maurorum has been used locally in folk medicine as a treatment for glandular tumors, nasal polyps, and ailments related to the bile ducts. It is used as a medicinal herb for its gastroprotective, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, laxative, antidiarrhoeal and antiseptic properties, and in the treatment of rheumatism and hemorrhoids. The plant is mentioned in the Qur’an as a source of sweet Manna. It has also been used as a sweetener.

In the folk medicine of Iran, Alhagi maurorum decoction has been used for jaundice therapy.

Ecology

Alhagi maurorum is a noxious weed outside its native range. It is a contaminant of alfalfa seed, and grows readily when accidentally introduced to a cultivated field. It has a wide soil tolerance, thriving on saline, sandy, rocky, and dry soils. It does best when growing next to a source of water, such as an irrigation ditch. It is unpalatable to animals and irritating when it invades forage and grazing land.

References

  1. ^ "Alhagi maurorum Medik". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  2. ^  The name Alhagi maurorum, replacing Linnaeus' Hedysarum alhagi, was first published in Vorlesungen der Churpfälzischen physicalisch-ökonomischen Gesellschaft 2: 397. 1787. "Alhagi maurorum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
  3. James A. Duke. "Alhagi maurorum (FABACEAE)". Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
  4. Tafsir al-Jalalayn. 1505. p. 171. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  5. Tewari D, Mocan A, Parvanov ED, Sah AN, Nabavi SM, Huminiecki L, Ma ZF, Lee YY, Horbańczuk JO, Atanasov AG (Aug 2017). "Ethnopharmacological Approaches for Therapy of Jaundice: Part I". Front Pharmacol. 8: 518. doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00518. PMC 5559545. PMID 28860989.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

External links

Taxon identifiers
Alhagi maurorum
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