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{{for-multi|the district|Sheikhupura District|other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement {{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Sheikhupura |native_name = {{Nastaliq|شيخوپورہ}} | name = Sheikhupura
| name = Sheikhupura | official_name =
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| population_total = 356879
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| population_as_of = 2007
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'''Sheikhupura''' (] / {{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|شیخوپورہ}}}}; {{IPA-pa|ʃeːxuˈpuːɾäː|pron}}) also known as '''Qila Sheikhupura''', is a city and district in the Pakistani province of ]. Founded by the ] Emperor ] in 1607, Sheikhupura is the ] by population<ref name="Population city">{{cite web|url=http://www.tageo.com/index-e-pk-cities-PK.htm|title=Pakistan City & Town Population List|access-date=29 September 2017|publisher=Tageo.com website}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//tables/POPULATION%20SIZE%20AND%20GROWTH%20OF%20MAJOR%20CITIES.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=www.pbs.gov.pk |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428141836/http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//tables/POPULATION%20SIZE%20AND%20GROWTH%20OF%20MAJOR%20CITIES.pdf |archive-date=28 April 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and is the headquarters of ]. The city is an industrial centre and satellite town, and is located about 38&nbsp;km northwest of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maplandia.com/pakistan/punjab/sheikhupura/kot-dayal-das/|title=Kot Dayal Das Map - Pakistan Google Satellite Maps|website=www.maplandia.com}}</ref> It also borders ], ], ] and ] ] of Punjab, Pakistan.
'''Sheikhupura''' or '''Shekhupur''' ({{lang-ur| شيخوپورہ}}), formerly '''Kot Dayal Das''' ({{Nastaliq|کوٹ دیال داس}}) or '''Singhpuria''' ({{Nastaliq|سنگھپوریہ}}), is an ] city in the province of ] slightly northwest to ] in ].<ref></ref> It is known for its historical places, and is commonly known locally as '''Qila Shaikhupura''', because of the ] in the city, constructed by the ] Emperor ]. The name Sheikhupura is derived from a nickname of ], who was known as Sheikhu by his father ].<ref></ref> The city is the headquarters of ] and is approximately 35&nbsp;km from ]. The original name of ''Virkgarh'' was renamed by Jahangir.


== Etymology ==
The city was renamed ''Singhpuria'' in ] rule ,and had a large ] population prior to independence in 1947, ]s are seen throughout the city.
The region around Sheikhupura was previously known as Village Sheikhupura, or "Pind Sheikhupura", in reference of the Kachari, Nabi-pura and Behari colony & Jahangir-pura is Qila and old city that inhabited the area. In Singh Kingdom ], Sheikhupura city is part of Gujranwala Dist. In Akbar's Kingdom, Sheikhupura city was a part of Forest Near ] city.
The city, founded in 1607, was named by ] ] himself - the city's first name is recorded in the Emperor's autobiography, the ''],'' in which he refers to the town as ''Jehangir pura.''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nation.com.pk/16-Jun-2012/sheikhupura-s-historical-sites-attractive-for-tourists|title=Sheikhupura's historical sites attractive for tourists|work=The Nation|access-date=2018-01-21|language=en-US}}</ref> The city then came to be known by its current name, which derives from Jehangir's nickname ''Shekhu'' that was given to him by his mother, wife of ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506003054/http://www.dawn.com/weekly/herald/herald49.htm|date=6 May 2009}}</ref>


==History== == History ==
] was established in 1607.]]


=== Mughal ===
The history of Sheikhupura goes back to 100 BC. Historical research has established the fact that Sangla or Sakala was the capital of ] once, and it was here that ] of Macedonia (known locally as Sikandar e Azam) fought one of his most serious battles of his career. Its name is spoken of, firstly in the pages of ] as Jahangirpura, after the name of Prince Salim Nur u Din Muhammad ]. The fourth Mughal emperor of India named Jahangir changed the name of the city from Virkgarh to Sheikhupura after converting the majority of the population to Islam. This area belongs to the Jats.
Mughal Emperor ] laid the foundations of Sheikhupura in 1607 near the older town of ], an important provincial town during the early to middle Mughal era.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/sid/1132/pakistan/sheikhupura/jandiala-baoli-and-mosque|title=Asian Historical Architecture: A Photographic Survey|last=orientalarchitecture.com|website=www.orientalarchitecture.com|access-date=2018-01-21}}</ref> He also erected the nearby ], Sheikhpura's most renowned site, between 1607 and 1620 as a monument to his beloved pet deer, ''Mansiraj'', at a time when the area served as a royal hunting ground for the Mughal Emperor.<ref name="Ruggles">{{cite book|title=Islamic Gardens and Landscapes|last1=Ruggles|first1=D. Fairchild |author1-link=D. Fairchild Ruggles |date=2011|publisher=University of Pennsylvania|isbn=9780812207286}}</ref> Jehangir laid the foundation of the ] in 1607, which is situated in the city's centre.


=== British ===
] Emperor Nor-u-Din Muhammad ] laid the foundation of historical Sheikhupura. In 1607, Sheikhupura was constructed following an order of Jahangir. The father of Jahangir, Emperor Jalal-uddin Mohammad ] use to call him Sheikhu (a nick name). During Sikh rule the new city was named Singhpuria, previously was known as ].
During ], the area was under the rule of ]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Smiles |first=Samuel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y40MAAAAYAAJ&dq=gaur+brahmin+army&pg=RA3-PA11 |title=Personalities: A Comprehensive and Authentic Biographical Dictionary of Men |year= 1950 |publisher= Arunum & Sheel |isbn=978-93-5704-660-2 |page=11}}</ref> and during establishment of ], Bhatti possessions that had been seized by the Sikhs were restored.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://uu.urbanunit.gov.pk/Documents/Publications/0/115.pdf|title=Sheikupura City Profile|website=Urban Unit|publisher=Government of Pakistan}}</ref> The large area between the ] and ] rivers were initially consolidated into a single district with Sheikhupura serving as its first headquarters, until 1851.<ref name=":0" /> The area around Sheikhupura attained District status in 1919,<ref name=":0" /> with M.M.L. Karry serving as its first administrator.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/HistoryPStudies/PDF-FILES/2%20Iram%20Naseer_v26No2Dec2013.pdf|title=COLONIAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE DISTRICT OF SHEIKHUPURA, 1849-1947|last=Ahmad|first=Iram}}</ref>


=== Partition ===
During the reign of Emperor Jahangir (1605 to 1627), Sheikhupura had the status of royal ] ground. In ], Jahangir wrote during the events in 1607:
On the eve of the ], Sikhs made up 19% of the district's population. Despite the area's Muslim majority, Sikhs had hoped that the boundary commission would award the area to India, given the proximity of Sheikhupura to the city of ] - revered as the birthplace of the founder of ], ].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yNN4SE7cL60C&q=sheikhupura+sikh&pg=PA49|title=Borders & Boundaries: Women in India's Partition|last1=Menon|first1=Ritu|last2=Bhasin|first2=Kamla|date=1998|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813525525|language=en}}</ref> The city was spared the large-scale rioting that engulfed ] earlier in 1947, and the city's Sikh population did not shift to India before the ] that demarcated the border of the newly independent states of ] and ] was announced.<ref name=":2" />


The Sikh population had not made arrangements to leave and remained trapped in the city until 31 August 1947.<ref name=":2" /> The city's ] refugee camp hosted upwards of 100,000 Sikh refugees who had come to the city after fleeing nearby ] and other surrounding areas earlier that year.<ref name=":2" /> Fierce violence erupted in the city, and an estimated 10,000 people were killed in Sheikhupura between 16 August and 31 August in communal rioting between ] and ].<ref name=":2" />
{{Cquote|On the day of Tuesday, I reside in Jahangirpura, my hunting ground. According to my order, a Minar and a grave for my deer, Mansraj, were constructed here.|30px|30px}}


==Education==
Mughal Emperor Jahangir granted the estate of Sheikhupura to ], the father of Shah Bilal, a religious ] of the line of ].
The overall literacy rate of Sheikhupura is 43.6% which is increasing day by day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ilmkidunya.com/colleges/colleges-in-sheikhupura.aspx|title = Colleges in Sheikhupura - Universities in Sheikhupura}}</ref> Following are some of the notable educational institutes of the city:
*], Sheikhupura Campus
*], Sheikhupura Campus<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cps.ucp.edu.pk/campus-fac?campus_id=MzQ= |title=Centre for Professional Studies |publisher=Cps.ucp.edu.pk |date= |accessdate=2022-09-04}}</ref>
*]
*]
*]
*]


==Demographics==
Over the whole district, the period between the decline of the ] after the death of Mughal Emperor ] and the rise of ] was one of utter confusion and ]. The successive shocks of invasion from the northwest, and the devastation caused again and again by the invading armies of ].
According to the ], the population of Sheikhupura city was recorded as 280,263. As per ], the population of city was recorded as 473,129 with an increase of 68.82% in just 19 years.<ref name="citypopulation.de">{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/Pakistan-100T.html|title=Pakistan: Provinces and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information|website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref>


==Industrial areas==
] and ] (1724–1773) almost completely ruined the prosperity of the tract. After the death of ], Muslim power declined and the Sikhs who occupied the region and ruled through various ]s or small to medium sized groups. Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali led raids that further weakened local Muslim rule. Several raids were made by the Bhangi Sardars, a Sikh community. Finally around 1780, ], a Sikh ruler defeated the grandson of Ahmad Shah Abdali and later occupied this district. The Sikhs were defeated by the British around 1850 and it stayed under British rule until independence in 1947.
] and Rachna Industrial Park are two industrial areas under development in Sheikhupura.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pie.com.pk/quaid-e-azam-business-park|title=PIEDMC - Punjab Industrial Estate Development and Management Company}}</ref> The former industrial area is declared a special economic zone by the government of Pakistan.{{cn|date=August 2024}}


==Notable people==
In 1851, ] became part of ]. The Artimapal Secretary Chief Commissioner Lahore wrote a letter to the Department of Wealth in 1855 to combine the Sheikhupura Tehsil with the ] but it was never done. As soon as it became a District ], a lot of ]s came to practice. Under ], district courts and hospitals were constructed in the city.
*], MPA PP 142 Pakistan Tehreek e Insaf, Pakistani politician
* ] played as fast bowler for Pakistan cricket team
* ] played one Olympics for Pakistan hockey team
* ], politician
* ] is the founder of the ]<ref></ref>
* ], author
* ] a right arm medium fast bowler in cricket
* ], is a former justice of ]
* ], judge and lawyer
* ], one of the pivotal figures of the ] and founder of the ]
* ], player for the Pakistan National Cricket Team<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/19/19517/19517.html|title=The Home of CricketArchive|website=cricketarchive.com}}</ref>
* ], politician of PML-N & Federal Minister
* ] played three Olympics for Pakistan hockey team
* ], Sufi saint of the Chishti Order during the Mughal Empire
* ], Punjabi Sufi Poet
* ], Pakistani army aviator
* ], Commander of XII Corps Quetta
* ], retired brigadier in the Pakistani army.
* ], Indian song writer


== Geography == ==See also==
* ], minaret built in the early 17th century
{{Geographic Location
* ]
|title = '''Destinations from Sheikhupura'''
* ]
|Northwest = ]
* ]
|North = ]
* ]
|Northeast = ]
* ]
|West = ]
|Centre = Sheikhupura * ]
* ]
|East = ]
* ]
|Southwest = ]
|South = ]
|Southeast = ]
}}

==Population==
With the modest figure of 22,300 in 1951, the population of Sheikhupura has increased more than tenfold to more than) 300,000 in half a century. In recent decades, the rate of growth has increased due to growing agricultural and industrial activities. The current population has been growing steadily and is projected to exceed to 700,000 by 2019.

==Economy==
As a satellite town of Lahore, Sheikhupura has developed an industrial base. According to the Census of Manufacturing Industries of 1987-1988, the value-added generated in large-scale industries was higher in Sheikhupura than in Lahore. The ] of the city for the year 1993 has been estimated as ] 6,260 million, that constitutes about 32% of the district's GRP. The industrial sector contributes with 68% to the GRP and 45% to the total employment. The total number of establishments in the city has been estimated to be between 11,500 and 12,000 for 1993.

==Tourist area==
Sheikhupura has a number of historical places in the city which attracts visitors to the city:
]
* ]
* ]
* Company Bagh
* Shrine of Shah Jamal
* ]
* ]
* Tomb of ]

==Sheikhupura==
Sheikhupura Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Sheikhupura, Pakistan. It is currently used mostly for cricket matches. The stadium holds 15,000 spectators and hosted its first test match in 1996.Famous Cricketer ] scored his best score at this venue.

There is also a hockey stadium named after ], a public park, a gymnasium,electronic scoreboard, and stadium shopping center in the neighborhood.


==References== ==References==
Line 112: Line 136:


==External links== ==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}
*
{{wikiquote}}
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806002512/https://www.punjab.gov.pk/sheikhupura |date=6 August 2020 }}


{{Sheikhupura District}}
==See also==
{{PakistanCities}}
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ] (Mandi Dhaban Singh)
* ]
* ]
*]
*]
*]


{{Authority control}}
{{PakistanCities}}


] ]
]
]
] ]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 12:02, 22 November 2024

For the district, see Sheikhupura District. For other uses, see Sheikhupura (disambiguation).

City in Punjab, Pakistan
Sheikhupura
  • شیخوپورہ
City
From top:
Hiran Minar, Sheikhupura Fort
Sheikhupura is located in Punjab, PakistanSheikhupuraSheikhupuraShow map of Punjab, PakistanSheikhupura is located in PakistanSheikhupuraSheikhupuraShow map of Pakistan
Coordinates: 31°42′40″N 73°59′16″E / 31.71111°N 73.98778°E / 31.71111; 73.98778
Country Pakistan
ProvincePunjab, Pakistan Punjab
DivisionLahore
DistrictSheikhupura
Founded byJahangir
Area
 • City75 km (29 sq mi)
 • Metro3,030 km (1,170 sq mi)
Elevation236 m (774 ft)
Population
 • City591,424
 • Rank15th, Pakistan
 • Density7,900/km (20,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+5 (PST)
Postal code39350
Calling code056
Union council number51

Sheikhupura (Punjabi / Urdu: شیخوپورہ; pronounced [ʃeːxuˈpuːɾäː]) also known as Qila Sheikhupura, is a city and district in the Pakistani province of Punjab. Founded by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir in 1607, Sheikhupura is the 15th largest city of Pakistan by population and is the headquarters of Sheikhupura District. The city is an industrial centre and satellite town, and is located about 38 km northwest of Lahore. It also borders Sialkot, Gujranwala, Nankana Sahib and Kasur districts of Punjab, Pakistan.

Etymology

The region around Sheikhupura was previously known as Village Sheikhupura, or "Pind Sheikhupura", in reference of the Kachari, Nabi-pura and Behari colony & Jahangir-pura is Qila and old city that inhabited the area. In Singh Kingdom Raja Ranjeet Singh, Sheikhupura city is part of Gujranwala Dist. In Akbar's Kingdom, Sheikhupura city was a part of Forest Near Lahore city. The city, founded in 1607, was named by Mughal Emperor Jehangir himself - the city's first name is recorded in the Emperor's autobiography, the Tuzk-e-Jahangiri, in which he refers to the town as Jehangir pura. The city then came to be known by its current name, which derives from Jehangir's nickname Shekhu that was given to him by his mother, wife of Akbar the Great.

History

The Sheikhupura Fort was established in 1607.

Mughal

Mughal Emperor Jahangir laid the foundations of Sheikhupura in 1607 near the older town of Jandiala Sher Khan, an important provincial town during the early to middle Mughal era. He also erected the nearby Hiran Minar, Sheikhpura's most renowned site, between 1607 and 1620 as a monument to his beloved pet deer, Mansiraj, at a time when the area served as a royal hunting ground for the Mughal Emperor. Jehangir laid the foundation of the Sheikhupura Fort in 1607, which is situated in the city's centre.

British

During British colonial rule, the area was under the rule of Raja Dhayan Singh and during establishment of British colonial rule, Bhatti possessions that had been seized by the Sikhs were restored. The large area between the Chenab and Ravi rivers were initially consolidated into a single district with Sheikhupura serving as its first headquarters, until 1851. The area around Sheikhupura attained District status in 1919, with M.M.L. Karry serving as its first administrator.

Partition

On the eve of the Partition of British India, Sikhs made up 19% of the district's population. Despite the area's Muslim majority, Sikhs had hoped that the boundary commission would award the area to India, given the proximity of Sheikhupura to the city of Nankana Sahib - revered as the birthplace of the founder of Sikhism, Guru Nanak. The city was spared the large-scale rioting that engulfed Lahore earlier in 1947, and the city's Sikh population did not shift to India before the Radcliffe Line that demarcated the border of the newly independent states of Pakistan and India was announced.

The Sikh population had not made arrangements to leave and remained trapped in the city until 31 August 1947. The city's Sacha Sauda refugee camp hosted upwards of 100,000 Sikh refugees who had come to the city after fleeing nearby Gujranwala and other surrounding areas earlier that year. Fierce violence erupted in the city, and an estimated 10,000 people were killed in Sheikhupura between 16 August and 31 August in communal rioting between Sikhs and Muslims.

Education

The overall literacy rate of Sheikhupura is 43.6% which is increasing day by day. Following are some of the notable educational institutes of the city:

Demographics

According to the 1998 Pakistan Census, the population of Sheikhupura city was recorded as 280,263. As per 2017 Census of Pakistan, the population of city was recorded as 473,129 with an increase of 68.82% in just 19 years.

Industrial areas

Quaid-e-Azam Business Park Sheikhupura and Rachna Industrial Park are two industrial areas under development in Sheikhupura. The former industrial area is declared a special economic zone by the government of Pakistan.

Notable people

See also

References

  1. Citypopulation.de Punjab (Pakistan): Province and Major Cities, Municipalities & Towns - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information
  2. "Pakistan City & Town Population List". Tageo.com website. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  3. "Archived copy" (PDF). www.pbs.gov.pk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. "Kot Dayal Das Map - Pakistan Google Satellite Maps". www.maplandia.com.
  5. "Sheikhupura's historical sites attractive for tourists". The Nation. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  6. District Profile: Central Punjab- Sheikhupura Archived 6 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  7. orientalarchitecture.com. "Asian Historical Architecture: A Photographic Survey". www.orientalarchitecture.com. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  8. Ruggles, D. Fairchild (2011). Islamic Gardens and Landscapes. University of Pennsylvania. ISBN 9780812207286.
  9. Smiles, Samuel (1950). Personalities: A Comprehensive and Authentic Biographical Dictionary of Men. Arunum & Sheel. p. 11. ISBN 978-93-5704-660-2.
  10. ^ "Sheikupura City Profile" (PDF). Urban Unit. Government of Pakistan.
  11. Ahmad, Iram. "COLONIAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE DISTRICT OF SHEIKHUPURA, 1849-1947" (PDF).
  12. ^ Menon, Ritu; Bhasin, Kamla (1998). Borders & Boundaries: Women in India's Partition. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813525525.
  13. "Colleges in Sheikhupura - Universities in Sheikhupura".
  14. "Centre for Professional Studies". Cps.ucp.edu.pk. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  15. "Pakistan: Provinces and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de.
  16. "PIEDMC - Punjab Industrial Estate Development and Management Company".
  17. Footnote: 'The Founder' (Chandbagh.edu.pk) accessed 14 September 2018.
  18. "The Home of CricketArchive". cricketarchive.com.

External links

Media related to Sheikhupura at Wikimedia Commons

Populated places in Sheikhupura District
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