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==Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment==
] This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2020-08-18">18 August 2020</span> and <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2020-12-04">4 December 2020</span>. Further details are available ]. Student editor(s): ].

{{small|Above undated message substituted from ] by ] (]) 20:01, 16 January 2022 (UTC)}}
== Ebola virus link to T-cell depletion ==
{{Edit semi-protected|answered=yes}}
'''Could someone, please, insert the following text into the main article?'''

A new study done at University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston sheds new ligh on the way the Ebola virus attacks immune system of the infected person by disabling T cells.

In the said study, it has been demonstrated "that both viral mRNAs and antigens are detectable in CD4+ T cells despite the absence of productive infection. A protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor, 1E7-03, and siRNA-mediated suppression of viral antigens were used to demonstrate de novo synthesis of viral RNAs and antigens in CD4+ T cells, respectively. Cell-to-cell fusion of permissive Huh7 cells with non-permissive Jurkat T cells impaired productive EBOV infection suggesting the presence of a cellular restriction factor." It was "determined that viral transcription is partially impaired in the fusion T cells" and "that exposure of T cells to EBOV resulted in autophagy through activation of ER-stress related pathways. These data indicate that exposure of T cells to EBOV results in an abortive infection, which likely contributes to the lymphopenia observed during EBOV infections."

The above quotes come from:

Patrick Younan, Rodrigo I. Santos, Palaniappan Ramanathan, Mathieu Iampietro, Andrew Nishida, Mukta Dutta, Tatiana Ammosova, Michelle Meyer, Michael G. Katze, Vsevolod L. Popov, Sergei Nekhai, Alexander Bukreyev. Ebola virus-mediated T-lymphocyte depletion is the result of an abortive infection. PLOS Pathogens, 2019; 15 (10): e1008068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008068 <!-- Template:Unsigned IP --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding ] comment added by ] (]) 16:07, 27 February 2021 (UTC)</small> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
: {{not done}}. We much prefer a secondary source for medical articles (see ]). Also, you need to simplify that down into layman terms, aka defining what all of those acronyms mean. ] <small>(])</small> 01:47, 9 March 2021 (UTC)

== Semi-protected edit request on 13 June 2022 ==

{{edit semi-protected|Ebola|answered=yes}}
The paragraph directly under the Causes section of the article states that "EVD in humans is caused by four of five viruses of the genus Ebolavirus," and goes on to talk about each of these five variants. The Misplaced Pages article for Ebolavirus, however, states that there are six different species of in the Genus Ebolavirus, with the addition of Bombali Ebola virus to the five mentioned in the paragraph. All sources used in this paragraph were published prior to this species identification in 2018, and as such would not have listed this species. As such I believe that this section should be updated to include this new species. A suggestion for possible edits (without updated references) to this section is below:

===Cause===
EVD in humans is caused by four of six viruses of the genus '']''. The four are ] (BDBV), ] (SUDV), ] (TAFV) and one simply called ] (EBOV, formerly Zaire Ebola virus).<ref name="Hoenen2012"/> EBOV, species '']'', is the most dangerous of the known EVD-causing viruses, and is responsible for the largest number of outbreaks.<ref name=KuhnArch>{{cite journal |vauthors = Kuhn JH, Becker S, Ebihara H, Geisbert TW, Johnson KM, Kawaoka Y, Lipkin WI, Negredo AI, Netesov SV, Nichol ST, Palacios G, Peters CJ, Tenorio A, Volchkov VE, Jahrling PB | display-authors=6 | title = Proposal for a revised taxonomy of the family Filoviridae: Classification, names of taxa and viruses, and virus abbreviations | journal = Archives of Virology | volume = 155 | issue = 12 | pages = 2083–103 |date=December 2010 | pmid = 21046175 | pmc = 3074192 | doi = 10.1007/s00705-010-0814-x }}</ref> The other two viruses, ] (RESTV) and ] (BOMV), are not known to cause disease in humans, but have caused disease in other primates.<ref name=Spickler>{{cite web|last1=Spickler|first1=Anna|title=Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus Infections|url=http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/viral_hemorrhagic_fever_filovirus.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430165458/http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/viral_hemorrhagic_fever_filovirus.pdf|archive-date=30 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=About Ebola Virus Disease|url=https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/about.html|publisher = ] (CDC)|access-date=18 October 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016080233/https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/about.html|archive-date=16 October 2014}}</ref> All six viruses are closely related to ]es.<ref name="Hoenen2012"/>

] (]) 04:16, 13 June 2022 (UTC)

:{{done}}<!-- Template:ESp --> ] (]) 03:57, 8 July 2022 (UTC)

{{talkref}}

== Semi-protected edit request on 3 September 2022 ==

{{Edit semi-protected|Ebola|answered=yes}}
Add a record for the August 22, 2022 Ebola outbreak.

The ] (INRB) of the ] (DRC) announced on August 22, 2022, that a fresh ] virus case had been identified in the city of ], a town located in ]. According to a statement from ], head of the Pathogen Genomics Laboratory at the National Institute for Biomedical Research (INRB), testing revealed that the case was genetically connected to the outbreak that occurred in the 2018–2020 academic year in the North Kivu and Ituri provinces and claimed approximately 2,300 lives (Ebola Zaire strain). Sequencing carried out at the ] of INRB in ] confirmed the genetic link and thus determined it was not a new ].

<gallery>
Route_principale_de_Beni.jpg|] is the main road in Beni
</gallery>

Placide Mbala also stated, "Our initial findings indicate that this case likely represents a new flare-up of the 2018-2020 North Kivu/Ituri outbreak, initiated by transmission of Ebola virus from a persistently infected survivor or a survivor who experienced a relapsed." Investigations are ongoing to determine the source.<ref name=WHO/> According to the statement, at least 131 contacts have been found, including 60 front-line healthcare providers, 59 of whom have received the Ebola vaccine. However, the WHO reports that A total of 134 hospital contacts (60 health care personnel and 74 co-patients) were been identified.<ref name=AFROWHO/>


The test was administered using ] (RT-PCR) testing on ] and sent to National Institute for Biomedical Research, Beni, which revealed a positive result. The sample was analyzed at the Rodolphe Mérieux INRB Laboratory in Goma for quality control purposes, and on August 16, 2022, RT-PCR results were confirmed. The body was given to the family before the test findings were known, and it was then buried on August 16, 2022.<ref name=WHO/>
== "cube" epidemic ==


The ] sent supporting health officials to investigate the case and prepare for a possible outbreak during the ongoing analysis.<ref name=AFROWHO/> They worked with local health authorities to start ], ensuring proper ] and control measures were in place. They also started an Ebola awareness campaign in the area. The WHO also stated that "the current resurgence is not unexpected given that EVD is endemic in the country and Ebola virus is present in animal reservoirs in the region."<ref name=AFROWHO/>
In section on "History", subsection "Emergence", end of the first paragraph-- there is a reference to a "cube epidemic". As near as I can tell, there is no such thing.


The re-emergence of Ebola is a significant public health concern in the ], and there are still gaps in the country's capacity to recover, prepare and respond to outbreaks. The outbreaks in the country unrelated to the August 2022 Ebola outbreak (], ], ], ], ], ], etc), as well as other humanitarian factors (armed groups, refusal of outbreak control measures, etc), have strained the Beni health system and its resources.<ref name=WHO/>
I think the writer (original or subsequent editor) made a mistake here and was trying to refer to "incurable", "global" or some other related word. The sentence can stand alone without a modifier ("cube"); additionally a global epidemic would be a "pandemic" (just semantics).


The WHO described the national risk as high; however, the regional and global levels were assessed as moderate to low, respectively.<ref name=WHO/>
I would suggest changing that immediately-- otherwise, it is a great article.


<ref name="WHO">{{cite web |title=The Democratic Republic of the Congo investigates suspected Ebola case in North Kivu |url=https://www.afro.who.int/countries/democratic-republic-of-congo/news/democratic-republic-congo-investigates-suspected-ebola-case-north-kivu |website=World Health Organisation |access-date=3 September 2022}}</ref>
Chemischer <small><span class="autosigned">—Preceding ] comment added by ] (] • ]) 19:16, 5 June 2009 (UTC)</span></small><!-- Template:Unsigned --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->


<ref name="AFROWHO">{{cite web |title=Ebola virus disease - Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON404 |website=World Heath Organisation |access-date=3 September 2022}}</ref> ] (]) 19:46, 3 September 2022 (UTC)
:I think it's taken care of. Thanks. ] (]) 05:53, 19 June 2009 (UTC)


{{reflist-talk}}
==Rewrote the section "Pathogenesis"==
:] '''Not done for now:'''<!-- Template:ESp --> This is written like a news article. Please see ] and reopen your request after you have refactored it. ] (]) 11:41, 15 September 2022 (UTC)
Rewrote the section "Pathogenesis", kind of just skimmed through the secreted glycoprotein (sGP) or full-length transmembrane form; how it interferes with the immune system is that that protien allows the virus to binds with the neutrophils through the Fcγ
receptor III. This is my understanding at least. I'm not used to reading so much into virology. ] (]) 05:53, 19 June 2009 (UTC)


==Wiki Education assignment: Plagues and People==
== Incubation period ==
{{dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment | course = Misplaced Pages:Wiki_Ed/University_of_Oklahoma/Plagues_and_People_(Fall) | assignments = ] | reviewers = ], ] | start_date = 2023-08-22 | end_date = 2023-12-11 }}


<span class="wikied-assignment" style="font-size:85%;">— Assignment last updated by ] (]) 20:37, 26 October 2023 (UTC)</span>
Symptoms
The incubation period ranges from 2–21 days, although it is generally 5–18 days, although Bundibugyo ebolavirus may be more than twice as long at 42 days.


== Semi-protected edit request on 27 September 2024 ==
should read simply:
Symptoms
The incubation period ranges from 2–21 days, although it is generally 5–18 days.


{{edit semi-protected|Ebola|answered=yes}}
Ref.41 refers to the ending of the Ebola-Zaire 2007 outbreak in the DRC, and says ambiguously:
This edit suggestion is simply to change some of the wording in the "Cause" paragraph. It seems that when the paragraph was updated to include the sixth identified strain of Ebolavirus (Bombali virus, or BOMV) some of the wording was not updated. The final sentence of the paragraph is:
"End of Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
17 February 2009 -- The Ministry of Health of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has on 16 February 2009 declared the end of the Ebola epidemic in the Mweka and Luebo health zones in the Province of Kasai Occidental . The last person to be infected by the virus died on 1 January 2009. This is more than double the maximum incubation period (42 days) for Ebola."


All five{{clarify|date=July 2024}} viruses are closely related to ]es.<ref name="Hoenen2012" />
What that means is that 1 Jan. to 16 Feb. is 46 days, which is more than 42 days, which is twice the max. inc. period of 21 days. And it has nothing to do with Bundibugyo ebolavirus.
] (]) 04:35, 8 April 2010 (UTC)


It should be updated to:
== broken doi ==


All six viruses are closely related to ]es.<ref name="Hoenen2012"/> ] (]) 21:18, 27 September 2024 (UTC)
There is a number, but the link doesn't work. http://en.wikipedia.org/Ebola#cite_note-32


Please fix, thanks. ] (]) 07:59, 31 May 2010 (UTC) {{done}}<!-- Template:ESp --> ] (]) 21:35, 27 September 2024 (UTC)

Latest revision as of 21:35, 27 September 2024

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The entire natural reservoir section http://books.google.ca/books?id=S90mOwgdz9kC&pg=PA364 is the same as our article from 2010 https://en.wikipedia.org/search/?title=Ebola_virus_disease&oldid=404199575#Natural_reservoirs
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The article is nearly all copied and pasted http://ijamscr.com/sites/default/files/articles/IJAMSCR-14-401%20sriram.pdf
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Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 20:01, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Ebola virus link to T-cell depletion

This edit request has been answered. Set the |answered= or |ans= parameter to no to reactivate your request.

Could someone, please, insert the following text into the main article?

A new study done at University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston sheds new ligh on the way the Ebola virus attacks immune system of the infected person by disabling T cells.

In the said study, it has been demonstrated "that both viral mRNAs and antigens are detectable in CD4+ T cells despite the absence of productive infection. A protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor, 1E7-03, and siRNA-mediated suppression of viral antigens were used to demonstrate de novo synthesis of viral RNAs and antigens in CD4+ T cells, respectively. Cell-to-cell fusion of permissive Huh7 cells with non-permissive Jurkat T cells impaired productive EBOV infection suggesting the presence of a cellular restriction factor." It was "determined that viral transcription is partially impaired in the fusion T cells" and "that exposure of T cells to EBOV resulted in autophagy through activation of ER-stress related pathways. These data indicate that exposure of T cells to EBOV results in an abortive infection, which likely contributes to the lymphopenia observed during EBOV infections."

The above quotes come from:

Patrick Younan, Rodrigo I. Santos, Palaniappan Ramanathan, Mathieu Iampietro, Andrew Nishida, Mukta Dutta, Tatiana Ammosova, Michelle Meyer, Michael G. Katze, Vsevolod L. Popov, Sergei Nekhai, Alexander Bukreyev. Ebola virus-mediated T-lymphocyte depletion is the result of an abortive infection. PLOS Pathogens, 2019; 15 (10): e1008068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008068 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.88.197.74 (talk) 16:07, 27 February 2021 (UTC)

 Not done. We much prefer a secondary source for medical articles (see WP:MEDRS). Also, you need to simplify that down into layman terms, aka defining what all of those acronyms mean.  Ganbaruby! (Say hi!) 01:47, 9 March 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 13 June 2022

This edit request has been answered. Set the |answered= or |ans= parameter to no to reactivate your request.

The paragraph directly under the Causes section of the article states that "EVD in humans is caused by four of five viruses of the genus Ebolavirus," and goes on to talk about each of these five variants. The Misplaced Pages article for Ebolavirus, however, states that there are six different species of in the Genus Ebolavirus, with the addition of Bombali Ebola virus to the five mentioned in the paragraph. All sources used in this paragraph were published prior to this species identification in 2018, and as such would not have listed this species. As such I believe that this section should be updated to include this new species. A suggestion for possible edits (without updated references) to this section is below:

Cause

EVD in humans is caused by four of six viruses of the genus Ebolavirus. The four are Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), Sudan virus (SUDV), Taï Forest virus (TAFV) and one simply called Ebola virus (EBOV, formerly Zaire Ebola virus). EBOV, species Zaire ebolavirus, is the most dangerous of the known EVD-causing viruses, and is responsible for the largest number of outbreaks. The other two viruses, Reston virus (RESTV) and Bombali ebolavirus (BOMV), are not known to cause disease in humans, but have caused disease in other primates. All six viruses are closely related to marburgviruses.

FATCullen (talk) 04:16, 13 June 2022 (UTC)

 Done Aaron Liu (talk) 03:57, 8 July 2022 (UTC)

References

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hoenen2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. Kuhn JH, Becker S, Ebihara H, Geisbert TW, Johnson KM, Kawaoka Y, et al. (December 2010). "Proposal for a revised taxonomy of the family Filoviridae: Classification, names of taxa and viruses, and virus abbreviations". Archives of Virology. 155 (12): 2083–103. doi:10.1007/s00705-010-0814-x. PMC 3074192. PMID 21046175.
  3. Spickler, Anna. "Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus Infections" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 April 2015.
  4. "About Ebola Virus Disease". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2014.

Semi-protected edit request on 3 September 2022

This edit request has been answered. Set the |answered= or |ans= parameter to no to reactivate your request.

Add a record for the August 22, 2022 Ebola outbreak.

The National Institute for Biomedical Research (INRB) of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) announced on August 22, 2022, that a fresh Ebola virus case had been identified in the city of Beni, a town located in North Kivu. According to a statement from Placide Mbala, head of the Pathogen Genomics Laboratory at the National Institute for Biomedical Research (INRB), testing revealed that the case was genetically connected to the outbreak that occurred in the 2018–2020 academic year in the North Kivu and Ituri provinces and claimed approximately 2,300 lives (Ebola Zaire strain). Sequencing carried out at the Rodolphe Mérieux Laboratory of INRB in Goma confirmed the genetic link and thus determined it was not a new spillover event.

Placide Mbala also stated, "Our initial findings indicate that this case likely represents a new flare-up of the 2018-2020 North Kivu/Ituri outbreak, initiated by transmission of Ebola virus from a persistently infected survivor or a survivor who experienced a relapsed." Investigations are ongoing to determine the source. According to the statement, at least 131 contacts have been found, including 60 front-line healthcare providers, 59 of whom have received the Ebola vaccine. However, the WHO reports that A total of 134 hospital contacts (60 health care personnel and 74 co-patients) were been identified.

The test was administered using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing on oropharyngeal secretions and sent to National Institute for Biomedical Research, Beni, which revealed a positive result. The sample was analyzed at the Rodolphe Mérieux INRB Laboratory in Goma for quality control purposes, and on August 16, 2022, RT-PCR results were confirmed. The body was given to the family before the test findings were known, and it was then buried on August 16, 2022.

The WHO sent supporting health officials to investigate the case and prepare for a possible outbreak during the ongoing analysis. They worked with local health authorities to start contact tracing, ensuring proper infection prevention and control measures were in place. They also started an Ebola awareness campaign in the area. The WHO also stated that "the current resurgence is not unexpected given that EVD is endemic in the country and Ebola virus is present in animal reservoirs in the region."

The re-emergence of Ebola is a significant public health concern in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and there are still gaps in the country's capacity to recover, prepare and respond to outbreaks. The outbreaks in the country unrelated to the August 2022 Ebola outbreak (COVID-19, cholera, measles, polio, yellow fever, monkeypox, etc), as well as other humanitarian factors (armed groups, refusal of outbreak control measures, etc), have strained the Beni health system and its resources.

The WHO described the national risk as high; however, the regional and global levels were assessed as moderate to low, respectively.

Isacc Barker (talk) 19:46, 3 September 2022 (UTC)

References

  1. ^ "The Democratic Republic of the Congo investigates suspected Ebola case in North Kivu". World Health Organisation. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  2. ^ "Ebola virus disease - Democratic Republic of the Congo". World Heath Organisation. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
 Not done for now: This is written like a news article. Please see WP:NOTNEWS and reopen your request after you have refactored it. Aaron Liu (talk) 11:41, 15 September 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Plagues and People

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 22 August 2023 and 11 December 2023. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Bridgettemora (article contribs). Peer reviewers: Shy.Mancha13, BrightBuds.

— Assignment last updated by Maxwellmcgowan (talk) 20:37, 26 October 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 September 2024

This edit request has been answered. Set the |answered= or |ans= parameter to no to reactivate your request.

This edit suggestion is simply to change some of the wording in the "Cause" paragraph. It seems that when the paragraph was updated to include the sixth identified strain of Ebolavirus (Bombali virus, or BOMV) some of the wording was not updated. The final sentence of the paragraph is:

All five viruses are closely related to marburgviruses.

It should be updated to:

All six viruses are closely related to marburgviruses. FATCullen (talk) 21:18, 27 September 2024 (UTC)

 Done PianoDan (talk) 21:35, 27 September 2024 (UTC)

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hoenen2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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