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{{For|the type of special effect used in filmmaking|Special effect}}
The "'''Gore Effect'''" is a ] term which has been used to refer to ] associated with prominent anthropogenic ] events which includes effects such as unseasonably cold temperatures, driving rain, hail, and/or snow. The effect is named after former ] and ] winning anthropogenic global warming activist ].<ref name="SlangDictionary">{{cite book |first=Aaron |last=Peckham |title=Mo' Urban Dictionary: Ridonkulous Street Slang Defined |location=Kansas City, Missouri |publisher=Andrews McMeel Publishing |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7407-6875-0 |page=126}}</ref> The Gore Effect has been claimed in regard to severe weather at several anthropogenic global warming events.<ref name="WT-GoreEffect">{{cite web |title=EDITORIAL: The Gore Effect |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/mar/04/the-gore-effect/ |work=] |date=March 4, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Al Gore rains on his party |first=Andrew |last=Bolt |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/opinion/al-gore-rains-on-his-party/story-e6frfifx-1111112535643 |work=] |location=Melbourne |date=November 17, 2006}}</ref><ref name="Ron Smith">{{cite news|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2010-01-08/news/bal-op.smith08jan08_1_climatic-research-unit-global-warming-climategate|title=Temperatures drop, alarmism heats up|last=Smith|first=Ron|date=January 08, 2010|work=]|publisher=The Baltimore Sun|page=1|accessdate=8 June 2010}}</ref> Previously, the "Al Gore Effect" was sometimes used to describe the impact of Gore's film, '']'', on the climate change debate.<ref>Sayre, Carolyn, "Measuring the Al Gore Effect", '']'', 169.8 (Feb 19, 2007): p20.</ref><ref>Howard, Cori, "Green peace of mind", '']''. Toronto, Ont.: Jun 21, 2007. pg. L.5.</ref><ref>"Icons of pop." '']'' 112.7 (2008): 38.</ref>
{{Other uses|Environmental activism of Al Gore}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2012}}
{{primary|date=December 2016}}
The '''Gore effect''' or '''Al Gore effect''' refers to ] between occurrences of unseasonably cold weather and some events associated with ] activism, particularly those attended by former ] and ] recipient ], which was created and "amusedly" used by ].<ref name="Lovely_2008-11-25_Politico" />


== Usage ==
Because of Gore's prominence in warning of the dangers of global warming, "His detractors delight in noting coincidences between events relating to his favorite subject and severe winter weather."<ref name="nydaily">{{cite news |title=The Gore Effect brings snow to New York City |first=Michael |last=Daly |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2009/12/20/2009-12-20_if_gore_traveled_the_world_everything_would_be_cool.html |work=] |location=New York |date=December 20, 2009}}</ref> ] of the '']'' called the focus on such coincidences, "insulting".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/archives/individual/2008_11/015816.php |first=Steve |last=Benen |title=Political Animal: 'The Gore Effect' |publisher='']'' |date=November 25, 2008 |accessdate=2010-01-12}}</ref> Environmentalist A. Siegel called jokes about the Gore Effect a "shallow observation" from "those who don't get that weather isn't climate".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/a-siegel/fire-and-ice_b_171064.html |title=Fire and Ice... |first=A. |last=Siegel |work=] |date=March 2, 2009 |accessdate=2009-01-10}}</ref>
Citing the ] '']'', Peter Scowan of '']'' reported the term as "the phenomenon that leads to unseasonably cold temperatures, driving rain, hail, or snow whenever Al Gore visits an area to discuss global warming".<ref name="Scowen_2007-02-17_GlobeMail" /> Erika Lovely of ] described it as occurring when "a global warming-related event, or appearance by...Al Gore, is marked by exceedingly cold weather or unseasonably winter weather".<ref name="Lovely_2008-11-25_Politico" /> The phenomenon was reportedly first observed in January 2004 when a speech by Gore to a global warming rally held in New York City met extremely cold winter weather;<ref name="Warren_2008-11-02_OttawaCitizen" /> according to ] after another Gore speech took place on a strikingly cold day in Boston in the same year.<ref name="Bolt_2008-11-26_HeraldSun" /> "]s" use the term "half-seriously" in relation to the weather conditions at global warming venues.<ref name="Lovely_2008-11-25_Politico" /> German authors Daniel Rettig and Jochen Mai described the effect in 2012 in a popular science book about psychological mechanisms and memes, but referred to it as ].<ref name="DS">Ich denke, also spinn ich: Warum wir uns oft anders verhalten, als wir wollen, Daniel Rettig, Jochen Mai, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 2012, Chapter Gore effect, p. 47 ff , reception of the book see </ref> ] meteorologist ] describes use of the effect as a mere ] among weather forecasters: "in the weather community, we kind of joke about it. It's just a bad timing. Every time there's some big weather climate conference, there seems to be a cold outbreak. ... But, globally, we are still warming."<ref name="2010-01-05_CNN" />


Curtis Brainard of the '']'' has called coverage of the Gore effect "asinine", noting the distinction between short-term weather and long-term climate,<ref name="Brainard" /> while ] of the '']'' called focus on the claim "insulting".<ref name="Benen_2008-11-25_WahingtonMonthly" /> Michael Daly criticized "delight in noting coincidences between events relating to favorite subject and severe winter weather."<ref name="nydaily">{{cite news |title=The Gore Effect brings snow to New York City |first=Michael |last=Daly |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2009/12/20/2009-12-20_if_gore_traveled_the_world_everything_would_be_cool.html |work=] |location=New York |date=December 20, 2009}}</ref> Environmentalist A. Siegel has called the jokes a "shallow observation" from "those who don't get that weather isn't climate".<ref name="Siegel_2009-03-02_HuffingtonPost" /> Phenomena attributed to the Gore effect are "chalked up as coincidence", according to Joe Joyce, a weather forecaster and environmental reporter.<ref name="Joyce_2009-03-04_weathernewengland" /> ] quoted ], a climate change denying climatologist and commentator with the ] ] in ] with the observation that "the predictable distortion of ] goes in both directions".<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714173956/http://fairvaluesforamerica.com/research/200912180013 |archive-date=July 14, 2014 |url=http://fairvaluesforamerica.com/research/200912180013 |title=Right-wing media seize on snow at Copenhagen conference to deem climate change a 'fraud' |date=December 18, 2009 |publisher=Media Matters for America}}</ref> ], a spokesperson for Gore, told Erika Lovely: "As amusing as this little study sounds, we don’t think it should distract us from the reality."<ref name="Lovely_2008-11-25_Politico" />
In the opinion of '']'' editorial staff, "If nothing else, the Gore Effect proves that God has a sense of humor."<ref name="WT-GoreEffect" /> A representative of the ], a libertarian think tank, expressed a similar view.<ref name="dufor">{{cite news |url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/blogs/YeasandNays/If_its_Al_Gore_its_cold_0127.html |first=Jeff |last=Dufour |coauthor= Patrick W. Gavin |title=Yeas &amp; Nays: If it's Al Gore, it's cold |publisher='']'' |date=January 27, 2009 |accessdate=2010-01-08}}</ref>

== Events described as instances of the Gore Effect ==
The following is a partial list of the events described in various media sources as instances of the Gore Effect:
* January 15, 2004 – A global warming rally was held in New York City which suffered one of the city's coldest days in history.<ref name="WT-GoreEffect" /><ref name="Ottawa">{{cite news |url= |title=Save us, please, from those who would save the earth |work=] |first=David |last=Warren |date=2 November 2008 |page=A.14}}.</ref>
* November 2006 – Al Gore visited Australia to speak about global warming two weeks before summer began, and it snowed. According to an article in the ''Age'': "Ski resort operators gazed at the snow in amazement. Parents took children out of school and headed for the mountains. Cricketers scurried amid bullets of hail as Melbournians traded lunchtime tales of incredible cold."<ref name="SlangDictionary" /><ref name="nydaily" /><ref name="Ottawa" />
* March 2008 – A congressional media briefing on the Bingaman/Specter Climate Bill was purportedly canceled due to a cold snap.<ref name="WT-GoreEffect" />
* May 2008 - Gore delivers a speech at a climate change conference in ] at the same time the city experiences an unseasonable cold spell.<ref name="Ottawa" />
* October 2008 – London saw the first snow since 1922 while the House of Commons debated the Climate Change Bill.<ref name="WT-GoreEffect" /><ref name="Ottawa" />
* February, 2008 - Events in Ottawa hosted by Canadian global warming activist David Suzuki were cancelled due to a blizzard.
* October 2008 – Gore appeared at Harvard University, which "coincided with low temperatures that challenged 125-year records."<ref name="WT-GoreEffect" />
* March 2009 – Driving snow caused problems at an event billed as "the biggest global warming protest in history" in Washington.<ref name="WT-GoreEffect" />
* October 2009 - Gore gives a speech in ] amidst frost and near-record low temperatures.<ref>Waller, Martin, "I am indebted to David ; City Diary", '']'', 15 Oct. 2009: 52.</ref>
* December 2009 – Over four inches of snow fell in Copenhagen during the ] as temperatures dipped to below 25°F, not including wind chill.<ref name="nydaily" /><ref name="Terry McCrann">{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/business/terry-mccranns-column/climate-hysteria-just-warming-up/story-e6frfig6-1225808008370|title=Climate hysteria just warming up|last=McCrann|first=Terry|date=June 09, 2010|work=Herald Sun|publisher=Herald and Weekly Times|page=1|accessdate=8 June 2010}}</ref>


== See also == == See also ==
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]


== References == == References ==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist|30em|refs=

<!--
Name and order refs by Author, published, publisher
-->

<ref name="2010-01-05_CNN">Transcript, program, January 5, 2010, CNN, retrieved June 13, 2010.</ref>

<ref name="Benen_2008-11-25_WahingtonMonthly">{{cite web
| url=http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/archives/individual/2008_11/015816.php
| first=Steve
| last=Benen
| title=Political Animal: 'The Gore Effect'
|work=]
| date=November 25, 2008
| access-date=June 8, 2010
}}</ref>

<ref name="Bolt_2008-11-26_HeraldSun">{{cite news
| title=Al Gore rains on his party
| first=Andrew
| last=Bolt
| author-link = Andrew Bolt
| url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/opinion/al-gore-rains-on-his-party/story-e6frfifx-1111112535643
|work=Herald Sun
| location=Melbourne, Australia
| date=November 17, 2006
}}</ref>

<ref name="Brainard">{{cite news
| url=https://www.cjr.org/the_observatory/global_cooling_confused_covera.php?page=all
| title=Global Cooling, Confused Coverage
| last=Brainard
| first=Curtis
| date=November 26, 2008
| work=]
| access-date=June 8, 2010
}}</ref>

<ref name="Joyce_2009-03-04_weathernewengland">Joyce, Joe, , March 4, 2009, New England News Channel website, (not available anymore) for Joyce's identification of post with WBZ-TV, see Web page titled {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612085933/http://wbztv.com/bios/wbz.weather.boston.9.1674237.html |date=June 12, 2010 }} (not available anymore), both Web pages retrieved June 13, 2010</ref>

<ref name="Lovely_2008-11-25_Politico">{{cite web
|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1108/15931.html
|title=Tracking 'The Gore Effect'
|last=Lovely
|first=Erika
|work=]
|publisher=]
|date=November 25, 2008
|access-date=June 13, 2010
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217043654/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1108/15931.html
|archive-date=February 17, 2010
|quote=For several years now, skeptics have amusedly eyed a phenomenon known as “The Gore Effect” to half-seriously argue their case against global warming. The so-called Gore Effect happens when a global warming-related event, or appearance by the former vice president and climate change crusader, Al Gore, is marked by exceedingly cold weather or unseasonably winter weather. While there’s no scientific proof that The Gore Effect is anything more than a humorous coincidence, some climate skeptics say it may offer a snapshot of proof that the planet isn’t warming as quickly as some climate change advocates say.
|url-status=dead
|df=mdy-all
}}</ref>

<ref name="Scowen_2007-02-17_GlobeMail">{{cite news|title=The New Climate Almanac |first=Peter |last=Scowen |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/archives/article741856.ece|newspaper=The Globe and Mail |publisher=CTVglobemedia Publishing Inc. |location=Toronto, Canada |date=March 31, 2009 |access-date=July 1, 2010 |quote=It happened in Canada this year, sort of, when tickets to a Feb. 21 speech by Mr. Gore at the University of Toronto went on sale – on the coldest Feb. 7 on record for downtown Toronto. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805103757/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/archives/article741856.ece |archive-date=August 5, 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="Siegel_2009-03-02_HuffingtonPost">{{cite web
| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/a-siegel/fire-and-ice_b_171064.html
| title=Fire and Ice...
| first=A.
| last=Siegel
| work=]
| date=March 2, 2009
| access-date=January 10, 2009
}}</ref>

<ref name="Warren_2008-11-02_OttawaCitizen">{{cite news
| url=http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/columnists/story.html?id=900daa9c-969f-4687-9c7c-51dfff49950f&p=2
| title=Save us, please, from those who would save the earth
|work=]
| first=David
| last=Warren
| date=November 2, 2008
| page=A.14
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211907/http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/columnists/story.html?id=900daa9c-969f-4687-9c7c-51dfff49950f&p=2
| archive-date= March 3, 2016
| quote = This is an example of what is now called, in urban parlance, the "Gore effect," after the Nobel-prize-winner and former U.S. vice-president. It is defined as, "The phenomenon that leads to record cold temperatures wherever Al Gore goes to deliver an important statement on global warming, or by extension, to sharp temperature drops wherever a major discussion of global warming takes place."
}}</ref>

}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book
|ref=refPeckham2007
|first=Aaron
|last=Peckham
|title=Mo' Urban Dictionary: Ridonkulous Street Slang Defined
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u27ferHysRMC&q=Gore+Effect
|location=Kansas City, Missouri
|publisher=Andrews McMeel Publishing
|year=2007
|isbn=978-0-7407-6875-0
<!--|page=126-->
}}
{{Al Gore}}

]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 16:19, 23 September 2024

For the type of special effect used in filmmaking, see Special effect. For other uses, see Environmental activism of Al Gore.

This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources.
Find sources: "Gore effect" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

The Gore effect or Al Gore effect refers to coincidence between occurrences of unseasonably cold weather and some events associated with global warming activism, particularly those attended by former Vice President of the United States and Nobel Peace Prize recipient Al Gore, which was created and "amusedly" used by global warming deniers.

Usage

Citing the crowdsourced Urban Dictionary, Peter Scowan of The Globe and Mail reported the term as "the phenomenon that leads to unseasonably cold temperatures, driving rain, hail, or snow whenever Al Gore visits an area to discuss global warming". Erika Lovely of Politico described it as occurring when "a global warming-related event, or appearance by...Al Gore, is marked by exceedingly cold weather or unseasonably winter weather". The phenomenon was reportedly first observed in January 2004 when a speech by Gore to a global warming rally held in New York City met extremely cold winter weather; according to Andrew Bolt after another Gore speech took place on a strikingly cold day in Boston in the same year. "Climate skeptics" use the term "half-seriously" in relation to the weather conditions at global warming venues. German authors Daniel Rettig and Jochen Mai described the effect in 2012 in a popular science book about psychological mechanisms and memes, but referred to it as selective perception. CNN meteorologist Rob Marciano describes use of the effect as a mere in-joke among weather forecasters: "in the weather community, we kind of joke about it. It's just a bad timing. Every time there's some big weather climate conference, there seems to be a cold outbreak. ... But, globally, we are still warming."

Curtis Brainard of the Columbia Journalism Review has called coverage of the Gore effect "asinine", noting the distinction between short-term weather and long-term climate, while Steve Benen of the Washington Monthly called focus on the claim "insulting". Michael Daly criticized "delight in noting coincidences between events relating to favorite subject and severe winter weather." Environmentalist A. Siegel has called the jokes a "shallow observation" from "those who don't get that weather isn't climate". Phenomena attributed to the Gore effect are "chalked up as coincidence", according to Joe Joyce, a weather forecaster and environmental reporter. Media Matters for America quoted Patrick J. Michaels, a climate change denying climatologist and commentator with the libertarian Cato Institute in Washington with the observation that "the predictable distortion of extreme weather goes in both directions". Kalee Kreider, a spokesperson for Gore, told Erika Lovely: "As amusing as this little study sounds, we don’t think it should distract us from the reality."

See also

References

  1. ^ Lovely, Erika (November 25, 2008). "Tracking 'The Gore Effect'". politico.com. Politico. Archived from the original on February 17, 2010. Retrieved June 13, 2010. For several years now, skeptics have amusedly eyed a phenomenon known as "The Gore Effect" to half-seriously argue their case against global warming. The so-called Gore Effect happens when a global warming-related event, or appearance by the former vice president and climate change crusader, Al Gore, is marked by exceedingly cold weather or unseasonably winter weather. While there's no scientific proof that The Gore Effect is anything more than a humorous coincidence, some climate skeptics say it may offer a snapshot of proof that the planet isn't warming as quickly as some climate change advocates say.
  2. Scowen, Peter (March 31, 2009). "The New Climate Almanac". The Globe and Mail. Toronto, Canada: CTVglobemedia Publishing Inc. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved July 1, 2010. It happened in Canada this year, sort of, when tickets to a Feb. 21 speech by Mr. Gore at the University of Toronto went on sale – on the coldest Feb. 7 on record for downtown Toronto.
  3. Warren, David (November 2, 2008). "Save us, please, from those who would save the earth". Ottawa Citizen. p. A.14. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. This is an example of what is now called, in urban parlance, the "Gore effect," after the Nobel-prize-winner and former U.S. vice-president. It is defined as, "The phenomenon that leads to record cold temperatures wherever Al Gore goes to deliver an important statement on global warming, or by extension, to sharp temperature drops wherever a major discussion of global warming takes place."
  4. Bolt, Andrew (November 17, 2006). "Al Gore rains on his party". Herald Sun. Melbourne, Australia.
  5. Ich denke, also spinn ich: Warum wir uns oft anders verhalten, als wir wollen, Daniel Rettig, Jochen Mai, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 2012, Chapter Gore effect, p. 47 ff Online, reception of the book see
  6. Transcript, "American Morning" program, January 5, 2010, CNN, retrieved June 13, 2010.
  7. Brainard, Curtis (November 26, 2008). "Global Cooling, Confused Coverage". Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  8. Benen, Steve (November 25, 2008). "Political Animal: 'The Gore Effect'". The Washington Monthly. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  9. Daly, Michael (December 20, 2009). "The Gore Effect brings snow to New York City". Daily News. New York.
  10. Siegel, A. (March 2, 2009). "Fire and Ice..." The Huffington Post. Retrieved January 10, 2009.
  11. Joyce, Joe, "Fun Stories That Make You Go…”Hmmm.”, March 4, 2009, New England News Channel website, (not available anymore) for Joyce's identification of post with WBZ-TV, see Web page titled "Bios/Weather/Joe Joyce" Archived June 12, 2010, at the Wayback Machine (not available anymore), both Web pages retrieved June 13, 2010
  12. "Right-wing media seize on snow at Copenhagen conference to deem climate change a 'fraud'". Media Matters for America. December 18, 2009. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014.

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