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{{Short description|Hungarian-American chemist (1927–2017)}}
'''George Andrew Olah''' (born ], ] as ''György Oláh'') is a ]-born American ]. He was significant in stabilizing and in studying ]s. He won a ] in ] in ]. In ] he was awarded the ], the highest honor granted by the ]
{{Hungarian name|Oláh András György}}
{{Infobox scientist
|image = Oláh György előadása 8299.jpg
|caption = Olah in 2009
|birth_name = Oláh András György
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1927|5|22}}
|birth_place = ], ]
|residence =
|citizenship = {{hlist|Hungary|U.S.}}
|death_date = {{Death date and age|2017|3|8|1927|5|22}}
|death_place = ], ], U.S.
|field = ]
|work_institution = {{Plainlist|
* ]
* ]}}
|alma_mater = ]
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = ]s via ]
|prizes = {{Plainlist|
* ] (1991)
* ] (1994)
* ] (1997)<ref name=formemrs/>
* ] (2001)
* ] (2003)
* ] (2005)
* Hungarian Order of Pro Merit (2006)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://superstarsofscience.com/scientist/george-a-olah|title=George A. Olah – A Superstar of Science|access-date=March 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810133118/http://superstarsofscience.com/scientist/george-a-olah|archive-date=August 10, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
|footnotes =
|spouse={{marriage|Judit Lengyel|1949}}
| children=2
}}


'''George Andrew Olah''' (born '''Oláh András György'''; May 22, 1927 – March 8, 2017) was a Hungarian-American ]. His research involved the generation and reactivity of ]s via ]. For this research, Olah was awarded a ] in 1994 "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry."<ref name=nobelprize>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1994/index.html|title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994|publisher=The Nobel Foundation|access-date=December 22, 2008}}</ref> He was also awarded the ], the highest honor granted by the ] and ] of the ] in 1996.<ref>{{cite book | last= George A. Olah| title = A Life Of Magic Chemistry: Autobiographical Reflections of a Nobel Prize Winner| publisher = Wiley-Interscience| year = 2000 | isbn = 978-0-471-15743-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5369301|title=Exploring the Methanol Economy|website=]|access-date=March 15, 2017}}</ref><ref> Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1994, by George A. Olah</ref>
Olah studied, then taught at what is now ]. As a result of the ], he and his family moved briefly to ] and then to ] where he joined ] in ], Ontario. Olah's pioneering work on carbocations started during his eight years with Dow. In ] he returned to academia at ] and then to ] in ]. In ], Olah became a ] of the ].


After the ], he emigrated to the United Kingdom, which he left for Canada in 1964, finally resettling in the United States in 1965. According to ], he was one of ].<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409175959/http://fizikaiszemle.hu/archivum/fsz9703/marsl.html |date=2022-04-09 }} – ]</ref>
Olah is currently a distinguished professor at the ] and the director of the Loker Hydrocarbon Research institute. In 2005 Olah wrote an essay promoting the ]. His book "The Methanol Economy" will be published in March 2006.


==Early life and education==
==References==
Olah was born in ], Hungary, on May 22, 1927, into a ] couple, Magda (Krasznai) and Gyula Oláh, a lawyer.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309135443/http://hungarytoday.hu/news/olah-gyorgy-nobel-prize-awarded-hungarian-american-chemist-dies-aged-89-56604 |date=March 9, 2017 }}, Hungary Today, March 9, 2017</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1994/olah-autobio.html|title=George A. Olah – Biographical|access-date=March 15, 2017}}</ref> After the high school of Budapesti ],<ref name="Gymnasium">{{citation |last1=Náray-Szabó |first1=Gábor |last2=G |first2=Palló |title=The Hungarian Gymnasium Educational Experience and Its Influence on the Global Power Shift |date=2012 |url=https://repozitorium.omikk.bme.hu/handle/10890/2248 |access-date=6 June 2023 |publisher=Global Science & Technology Forum |isbn=9780615573106 |language=en}}</ref> he studied under organic chemist ] at the Technical University of Budapest, now the ], where he earned M.S. and Ph.D degrees in chemical engineering.<ref name="wiley"/> From 1949 through 1954, he taught at the school as a professor of organic chemistry.<ref name="scalacs"/> In the subsequent two years, from 1954 to 1956, he worked at the research institute of the ], where he was associate scientific director and head of the department of organic chemistry.<ref name="scalacs"/>


==Career and research==
* George A. Olah, ''Beyond Oil and Gas: The Methanol Economy'', Angewandte Chemie International Edition Volume 44, Issue 18 , Pages 2636 - 2639, 2005
As a result of the ], he and his family moved briefly to England and then to Canada, where he joined ] in ], Ontario, with another Hungarian chemist, Stephen J. Kuhn. Olah's pioneering work on carbocations started during his eight years with Dow.<ref>{{cite book | author = George A. Olah | title = Friedel-Crafts and Related Reactions | publisher = John Wiley and Sons|location=New York | year = 1965}}</ref> In 1965, he returned to academia at ] in Cleveland, Ohio, chairing the department of chemistry from 1965 to 1969, and from 1967 through 1977 he was the C. F. Maybery Distinguished Professor of Research in Chemistry.<ref name="scalacs"/> In 1971, Olah became a ] of the United States.<ref name="wiley">{{cite book|last=Mathew|first=Thomas|author2=George Andrew Olah | title=A Life of Magic Chemistry: Autobiographical Reflections Including Post-Nobel Prize Years and the Methanol Economy | chapter=Curriculum Vitae of George Andrew Olah | publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | location=Hoboken, NJ, USA | date=April 24, 2015 | isbn=978-1-118-84010-8 | doi=10.1002/9781118840108.oth | pages=300–305}}</ref> He then moved to the ] in 1977.<ref name="wiley"/>
*


At USC, Olah was a distinguished professor and the director of the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chem.usc.edu/faculty/Olah.html|title=Department of Chemistry|access-date=March 15, 2017}}</ref> Starting in 1980, he served as the Distinguished Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Professor
----
of Chemistry and later became a distinguished professor in USC's school of engineering.<ref name="wiley"/> In 1994, Olah was awarded the ] "for his contribution to ] chemistry".<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994 | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1994/index.html|access-date=March 11, 2017}}</ref> In particular, Olah's search for stable nonclassical ]s led to the discovery of protonated ] stabilized by ], like FSO<sub>3</sub>H-SbF<sub>5</sub> ("]").
:CH<sub>4</sub> + H<sup>+</sup> → CH<sub>5</sub><sup>+</sup>

Because these cations were able to be stabilized, scientists could now use ] and ] to study them in greater depth, as well as use them as catalysts in organic synthesis reactions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/chemistry-nobel-laureate-george-olah-dies-aged-89/2500536.article|title=Chemistry Nobel laureate George Olah dies aged 89|last=Stoye|first=Emma|date=March 10, 2017|publisher=Chemistry World|access-date=March 10, 2017}}</ref>

Olah, with Canadian chemist ], was also involved in a career-long battle with ] of ] over the existence of so-called "]" carbocations – such as the ] cation, which can be depicted as cationic character delocalized over several bonds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chemistry.ucla.edu/news/non-classical-cation-classic-case-conflict|title=The Non-classical Cation: A Classic Case of Conflict|date=July 11, 2013|publisher=UCLA Chemistry & Biochemistry|access-date=March 9, 2017}}</ref> Olah's studies of the cation with NMR spectroscopy provided more evidence suggesting that Winstein's model of the non-classical cation, "featuring a pair of electrons smeared between three carbon atoms," was correct.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.chemistryworld.com/opinion/the-nonclassical-cation-a-classic-case-of-conflict/6368.article|title=The nonclassical cation: a classic case of conflict|last=Peplow|first=Mark|date=July 10, 2013|publisher=Chemistry World|access-date=March 10, 2017}}</ref>

In 1997, the Olah family formed an ] (the George A. Olah Endowment) which grants annual awards to outstanding chemists, including the George A. Olah Award in Hydrocarbon or Petroleum Chemistry, formerly known as the ACS Award in Petroleum Chemistry. The awards are selected and administered by the ].<ref>"George A. Olah Award in Hydrocarbon or Petroleum Chemistry", '']'', January 19, 2009, p. 74</ref>

Later in his career, his research shifted from ]s and their transformation into fuel to the ], namely generating methanol from methane.<ref name="CE">{{cite news|url=http://www.chemeurope.com/en/news/162300/nobel-prize-winner-of-1994-george-andrew-olah-dies-at-89.html|title=Nobel Prize winner of 1994 George Andrew Olah dies at 89|date=March 10, 2017|publisher=Chem Europe|access-date=March 10, 2017}}</ref> He joined with ], ], and ] in promoting a flexible-fuel mandate initiative.<ref>Olah, G. , ], ], (1980).</ref><ref>Olah, G. A. , ], ], (1984).</ref><ref>Olah, G. A. , ], ], (1986).</ref> In 2005, Olah wrote an essay promoting the methanol economy in which he suggested that methanol could be produced from ] gas (H<sub>2</sub>) and industrially derived or atmospheric ] (CO<sub>2</sub>), using energy from renewable and nuclear sources to power the production process.<ref>{{cite journal | author = George A. Olah | title = Beyond Oil and Gas: The Methanol Economy | journal = ] | volume = 44 | issue = 18 | pages = 2636–2639 | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1002/anie.200462121 | pmid = 15800867| url = http://d-nb.info/1149717262/04 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
He married Judit Ágnes Lengyel (''Judith Agnes Lengyel'') in 1949, and they had two children, György (''George''), born in Hungary in 1954, and Ronald, born in the U.S. in 1959.<ref name="wiley"/> Olah died on March 8, 2017, at his home in ], California.<ref name="abc1">{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/hungarian-american-nobel-winner-george-olah-dies-aged-46017676|title=George A. Olah, who won Nobel Prize in chemistry, dies at 89|first=John|last=Rogers|publisher=ABC|date=March 9, 2017|access-date=March 10, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309200510/https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/hungarian-american-nobel-winner-george-olah-dies-aged-46017676|archive-date=March 9, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/hungarian-american-nobel-winner-george-a-olah-dies-aged-89/2017/03/09/8ebf8b92-04dd-11e7-9d14-9724d48f5666_story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309191125/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/hungarian-american-nobel-winner-george-a-olah-dies-aged-89/2017/03/09/8ebf8b92-04dd-11e7-9d14-9724d48f5666_story.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 9, 2017|title=Hungarian-American Nobel winner George A. Olah dies aged 89|newspaper=]|access-date=March 15, 2017}}</ref> After his death, the Hungarian government said that the "country has lost a great patriot and one of the most outstanding figures of Hungarian scientific life."<ref name="abc1"/>

==Awards and honours==
]
* 1970 ACS Henry Morley Medal<ref name="scalacs">{{cite web|url=http://scalacs.org/?page_id=1352|title=1991 George Olah, USC|date=1992|publisher=Southern California Section of the American Chemical Society|access-date=March 9, 2017}}</ref>
* 1989 California Scientist of the Year<ref name="scalacs"/>
* 1989 Roger Adams Award in Organic Chemistry<ref name="scalacs"/>
* 1993 ] from the ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaic.org/award_winners/chem_pioneer.html#cpa60s|title=Chemical Pioneer Award|publisher=American Institute of Chemists|access-date= November 30, 2015}}</ref>
* 1994 ]<ref name=nobelprize/>
* 1996 ACS F. A. Cotton Medal<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chem.tamu.edu/medals+lectureships/cotton-medal/Cotton-Medal.php|title= F. A. Cotton Medal for Excellence in Chemical Research – Previous Recipients|publisher= American Chemical Society|access-date= November 30, 2015}}</ref>
* 1996 Golden Plate Award of the ]<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=]|url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration}}</ref>
* 1997 Elected a ].<ref name=formemrs>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005225440/https://royalsociety.org/people/george-olah-12022/|archive-date=October 5, 2015|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/george-olah-12022/|title=Professor George Olah ForMemRS Foreign Member|publisher=]|location=London}}</ref>
* 2001 ]
* 2001 Elected a member of the ]<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=George+A.+Olah&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2021-07-13|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>
* 2005 ] from the ]

==See also==
*]
*]

==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}


== External links ==
{{chemist-stub}}
* {{Nobelprize}} including the Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1994 ''My Search for Carbocations and Their Role in Chemistry''


{{Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureates 1976-2000}}
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{{1994 Nobel Prize winners}}
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{{Hungarian Nobel Laureates}}
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{{FRS 1997}}
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{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 09:08, 13 September 2024

Hungarian-American chemist (1927–2017) The native form of this personal name is Oláh András György. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
George Andrew Olah
Olah in 2009
BornOláh András György
(1927-05-22)May 22, 1927
Budapest, Hungary
DiedMarch 8, 2017(2017-03-08) (aged 89)
Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
Citizenship
  • Hungary
  • U.S.
Alma materBudapest University of Technology and Economics
Known forCarbocations via superacids
Spouse Judit Lengyel ​(m. 1949)​
Children2
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsChemistry
Institutions

George Andrew Olah (born Oláh András György; May 22, 1927 – March 8, 2017) was a Hungarian-American chemist. His research involved the generation and reactivity of carbocations via superacids. For this research, Olah was awarded a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1994 "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry." He was also awarded the Priestley Medal, the highest honor granted by the American Chemical Society and F.A. Cotton Medal for Excellence in Chemical Research of the American Chemical Society in 1996.

After the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, he emigrated to the United Kingdom, which he left for Canada in 1964, finally resettling in the United States in 1965. According to György Marx, he was one of The Martians.

Early life and education

Olah was born in Budapest, Hungary, on May 22, 1927, into a Jewish couple, Magda (Krasznai) and Gyula Oláh, a lawyer. After the high school of Budapesti Piarist Gimnazium, he studied under organic chemist Géza Zemplén at the Technical University of Budapest, now the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, where he earned M.S. and Ph.D degrees in chemical engineering. From 1949 through 1954, he taught at the school as a professor of organic chemistry. In the subsequent two years, from 1954 to 1956, he worked at the research institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, where he was associate scientific director and head of the department of organic chemistry.

Career and research

As a result of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, he and his family moved briefly to England and then to Canada, where he joined Dow Chemical in Sarnia, Ontario, with another Hungarian chemist, Stephen J. Kuhn. Olah's pioneering work on carbocations started during his eight years with Dow. In 1965, he returned to academia at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, chairing the department of chemistry from 1965 to 1969, and from 1967 through 1977 he was the C. F. Maybery Distinguished Professor of Research in Chemistry. In 1971, Olah became a naturalized citizen of the United States. He then moved to the University of Southern California in 1977.

At USC, Olah was a distinguished professor and the director of the Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute. Starting in 1980, he served as the Distinguished Donald P. and Katherine B. Loker Professor of Chemistry and later became a distinguished professor in USC's school of engineering. In 1994, Olah was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry". In particular, Olah's search for stable nonclassical carbocations led to the discovery of protonated methane stabilized by superacids, like FSO3H-SbF5 ("Magic Acid").

CH4 + H → CH5

Because these cations were able to be stabilized, scientists could now use infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study them in greater depth, as well as use them as catalysts in organic synthesis reactions.

Olah, with Canadian chemist Saul Winstein, was also involved in a career-long battle with Herbert C. Brown of Purdue over the existence of so-called "nonclassical" carbocations – such as the norbornyl cation, which can be depicted as cationic character delocalized over several bonds. Olah's studies of the cation with NMR spectroscopy provided more evidence suggesting that Winstein's model of the non-classical cation, "featuring a pair of electrons smeared between three carbon atoms," was correct.

In 1997, the Olah family formed an endowment fund (the George A. Olah Endowment) which grants annual awards to outstanding chemists, including the George A. Olah Award in Hydrocarbon or Petroleum Chemistry, formerly known as the ACS Award in Petroleum Chemistry. The awards are selected and administered by the American Chemical Society.

Later in his career, his research shifted from hydrocarbons and their transformation into fuel to the methanol economy, namely generating methanol from methane. He joined with Robert Zubrin, Anne Korin, and James Woolsey in promoting a flexible-fuel mandate initiative. In 2005, Olah wrote an essay promoting the methanol economy in which he suggested that methanol could be produced from hydrogen gas (H2) and industrially derived or atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), using energy from renewable and nuclear sources to power the production process.

Personal life

He married Judit Ágnes Lengyel (Judith Agnes Lengyel) in 1949, and they had two children, György (George), born in Hungary in 1954, and Ronald, born in the U.S. in 1959. Olah died on March 8, 2017, at his home in Beverly Hills, California. After his death, the Hungarian government said that the "country has lost a great patriot and one of the most outstanding figures of Hungarian scientific life."

Awards and honours

Olah in 2010

See also

References

  1. ^ "Professor George Olah ForMemRS Foreign Member". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on October 5, 2015.
  2. "George A. Olah – A Superstar of Science". Archived from the original on August 10, 2014. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
  3. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994". The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved December 22, 2008.
  4. George A. Olah (2000). A Life Of Magic Chemistry: Autobiographical Reflections of a Nobel Prize Winner. Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 978-0-471-15743-4.
  5. "Exploring the Methanol Economy". NPR. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
  6. My Search for Carbocations and Their Role in Chemistry Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1994, by George A. Olah
  7. A marslakók legendája Archived 2022-04-09 at the Wayback Machine – György Marx
  8. George Oláh, Nobel Prize Winning Hungarian-American Chemist, Dies at 89 Archived March 9, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Hungary Today, March 9, 2017
  9. "George A. Olah – Biographical". Retrieved March 15, 2017.
  10. Náray-Szabó, Gábor; G, Palló (2012), The Hungarian Gymnasium Educational Experience and Its Influence on the Global Power Shift, Global Science & Technology Forum, ISBN 9780615573106, retrieved 6 June 2023
  11. ^ Mathew, Thomas; George Andrew Olah (April 24, 2015). "Curriculum Vitae of George Andrew Olah". A Life of Magic Chemistry: Autobiographical Reflections Including Post-Nobel Prize Years and the Methanol Economy. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 300–305. doi:10.1002/9781118840108.oth. ISBN 978-1-118-84010-8.
  12. ^ "1991 George Olah, USC". Southern California Section of the American Chemical Society. 1992. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
  13. George A. Olah (1965). Friedel-Crafts and Related Reactions. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  14. "Department of Chemistry". Retrieved March 15, 2017.
  15. "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  16. Stoye, Emma (March 10, 2017). "Chemistry Nobel laureate George Olah dies aged 89". Chemistry World. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  17. "The Non-classical Cation: A Classic Case of Conflict". UCLA Chemistry & Biochemistry. July 11, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
  18. Peplow, Mark (July 10, 2013). "The nonclassical cation: a classic case of conflict". Chemistry World. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  19. "George A. Olah Award in Hydrocarbon or Petroleum Chemistry", Chemical & Engineering News, January 19, 2009, p. 74
  20. "Nobel Prize winner of 1994 George Andrew Olah dies at 89". Chem Europe. March 10, 2017. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  21. Olah, G. "Superacid Catalyzed Depolymerization and Conversion of Coals. Final Technical Report. [HF:BF{sub 2}/H{sub 2}]", University of Southern California, United States Department of Energy, (1980).
  22. Olah, G. A. "Superacid Catalyzed Coal Conversion Chemistry. 1st and 2nd Quarterly Technical Progress Reports, September 1, 1983 – March 30, 1984.", University of Southern California, United States Department of Energy, (1984).
  23. Olah, G. A. "Superacid Catalyzed Coal Conversion Chemistry. Final Technical Report, September 1, 1983 – September 1, 1986.", University of Southern California, United States Department of Energy, (1986).
  24. George A. Olah (2005). "Beyond Oil and Gas: The Methanol Economy". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 44 (18): 2636–2639. doi:10.1002/anie.200462121. PMID 15800867.
  25. ^ Rogers, John (March 9, 2017). "George A. Olah, who won Nobel Prize in chemistry, dies at 89". ABC. Archived from the original on March 9, 2017. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  26. "Hungarian-American Nobel winner George A. Olah dies aged 89". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 9, 2017. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
  27. "Chemical Pioneer Award". American Institute of Chemists. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
  28. "F. A. Cotton Medal for Excellence in Chemical Research – Previous Recipients". American Chemical Society. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
  29. "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  30. "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-07-13.

External links

  • George Andrew Olah on Nobelprize.org Edit this at Wikidata including the Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1994 My Search for Carbocations and Their Role in Chemistry
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