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{{Short description|Chechen–Ingush separatist attack on the former Ingush capital}}
{{Infobox Military Conflict {{Infobox military conflict
|conflict=Nazran raid | conflict = Nazran raid
|caption=Damaged ] military vehicle in the aftermath of the raid
|partof=] | partof = the ]
| image =
|place=], ]
| image_size =
⚫ |date=June 21-22, 2004
| caption =
⚫ |result=Major rebel victory
⚫ | date = June 21–22, 2004
⚫ |combatant1=] ]
| place = ], ]
⚫ |combatant2=] ]
| territory =
⚫ |commander1=] Abukar Kostoyev †<br />] Zyaudin Kotiyev †<br />] Sergei Koryakov
⚫ | result = Chechen victory
|commander2=] ]<br />] ]<br />] ]
⚫ | combatant1 = {{flag|Russia|name=Russian Federation}}
|strength1=Unknown
* {{flag|Ingushetia}}
|strength2=200-600
| combatant2 = {{flag|Chechen Republic of Ichkeria}}
|casualties1=80 killed, 106 wounded <ref>http://www.hsaj.org/resources/HSAJ%20Volume%202,%20Issue%203.pdf</ref>
⚫ * {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Caucasian Front.png}} ]
|casualties2=At least 6 killed (some 30 suspects arrested later)
⚫ | commander1 = {{flagdeco|Ingushetia}} Abukar Kostoyev{{KIA}}<br/>{{flagdeco|Ingushetia}} Zyaudin Kotiyev{{KIA}}<br/>{{flagdeco|Russia}} Sergei Koryakov
|casualties3= '''Civilians''' <br /> 27 killed and 55 wounded
| commander2 = {{flagicon|Chechen Republic of Ichkeria}} ]<br/>{{flagicon|Chechen Republic of Ichkeria}} ]<br/>{{flagicon|Chechen Republic of Ichkeria}} ]<ref name="magas"/>
|campaign=
| units1 =
⚫ }}{{Campaignbox Second Chechen War (guerilla phase)}}
| units2 =
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 = 88–120 killed<ref name="after">, ], 19.06.2009</ref><br/>6 wounded<ref name="rwb">, ], 28 Jun 2004</ref>
| casualties2 = At least 6 killed
| casualties3 = ~25<ref name="after" />–27<ref name="rwb"/> civilians killed
----
'''Total casualties''':<ref name="rwb" /><br/>92–98 killed<br/>106 wounded
| notes =
⚫ | campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Second Chechen War (guerilla phase)}}
}}
The '''Nazran raid''' was a large-scale ] carried out in the ], ] on the night of June 21–22, 2004, by a group of ]<ref name="novayagazeta.ru">{{Cite web |url=http://old.novayagazeta.ru/politics/48427.html |title=Новая газета {{!}} № 100 от 9 сентября 2011 года {{!}} Особое мнение Евкурова |accessdate=2017-03-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327075311/http://old.novayagazeta.ru/politics/48427.html |archivedate=2017-03-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Меженков |first=Владимир |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tbmBAQAAQBAJ&dq=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8&pg=PT248 |title=Русские: куда мы идем? |date=2022-01-29 |publisher=Litres |isbn=978-5-457-03324-5 |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Зенькович |first=Николай |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NIfXnsB9hLcC&dq=%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C&pg=PA170 |title=Губернаторы новой России: энциклопедия карьер |date=2007 |publisher=ОЛМА Медиа Групп |isbn=978-5-373-00599-9 |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-06-22 |title=Нападение в Ингушетии: десятки погибших. - Чеченский след? |url=https://iq.hse.ru/news/177733823.html |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=Научно-образовательный портал IQ |language=en}}</ref> militants led by Chechen commanders ] and ]. Basayev's main goal, besides capturing a large cache of weapons, was a show of strength.<ref name=after/> The attack by Chechen fighters on the Ingush city of ] is associated with the bad attitude of the Ingush authorities towards Chechen refugees.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AlTvAAAAMAAJ&q=%D0%92+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D1%81+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2+.+%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE+,+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8E+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE |title=Коммерсант, власть |date=2004 |publisher=Издательский дом "" |language=ru}}</ref>


==Attacks==
The '''Nazran raid''' was a large-scale ] carried out on ], ], on the night of June 21-22, 2004, by a large number of mostly ] and ] fighters. According to the Ingush government, 98 people, mostly ]men, ] officers, and ]s, were killed in clashes with the rebels, and 104 others were wounded.<ref></ref> Later, this figure was revised down to 88 killed.
The overnight attacks targeted 15 government buildings in the former Ingush capital and the largest city, ], and three settlements located on the ]-] highway that crosses the republic from east to west (], Sleptsovskaya and Yandare). The attacking force had some ] militants.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oSi1BwAAQBAJ&dq=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C&pg=PA3|title=Ежедневная деловая газета РБК 227-2014|first=Редакция газеты Ежедневная Деловая Газета|last=Рбк|date=December 17, 2019|publisher=Litres|isbn=9785457744660 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="magas">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zWN4EAAAQBAJ&dq=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C+2004&pg=PT200|title=Кровь алая — 4. С лица воду не пить|last=Горохов|first=Евгений|date=30 June 2022 |publisher=Litres |isbn=9785044505131 }}</ref> The targets of simultaneous attacks included the Interior Ministry (]) headquarters with an arms depot, an ] border guard unit, the ] headquarters, barracks of the ] special police, police stations and checkpoints. The attackers also tried but failed to free 50 prisoners from a temporary jail and dispersed at 3 a.m.,<ref>, '']'', June 23, 2004</ref> before a column of federal army troops managed to reach Nazran just after dawn at 4 a.m.<ref name=storm>, '']'', June 22, 2004</ref> One Russian military convoy was also ambushed en route from ] and suffered casualties.<ref name=china>, '']'', 2004-06-22</ref>


The raid lasted nearly five hours, and the raiders withdrew almost unscathed and with two truckloads with 1,177 seized firearms.<ref name="beslan"/> The Interior Ministry building and Nazran train station were burned down. Ingush officials said the rebels took some 20 hostages, mostly traffic police officers.
==The attacks==
The overnight attacks targeted 15 government buildings in the former Ingush ] and the largest city, ], and at least two settlements located on the ]-] ] that crosses the republic from east to west (] and ]). The targets of simultaneous attacks included the ] (]) ] in Nazran, the base of an FSB border guard unit in Nazran, and also arms depots, ] headquarters and ] headquarters in settlements northeast of Nazran. The federal army troops managed to reach Nazran only at 4 a.m., after the fighting there was over.


⚫ The day before the attack, Chechen separatist leader ], speaking for ], claimed rebels are "going to switch to offensive warfare". In July 2004, Maskhadov publicly accepted responsibility for the attack and promised more similar attacks.<ref name="ware">{{cite book|title=Chechnya: From Past to Future|editor=Richard Sakwa|publisher=Anthem Press|year=2005|pages=79–115|chapter=Robert Bruce Ware: Mythology and Political Failure in Chechnya|isbn=978-1-84331-164-5}}</ref>
Witnesses to the attacks told ]n media that most of the attackers spoke the ] and wore masks and ] uniforms similar to those worn by the Russian police. The rebels patrolled Nazran, setting ]s and stopping motorists, asking to see their documents. Any ] officials they encountered were shot and killed, with exception of members of ] who were spared. The raid lasted nearly five hours, and the raiders withdrew almost unscathed and with two truckloads of captured weapons (1,177 ]s and over 70,000 rounds of ammunition<ref name="beslan"/>). The Interior Ministry building and Nazran ] were burned down. Ingush officials said the rebels took some 20 hostages with them, mostly police officers.


==Casualties== ==Casualties==
According to the official figures, 92 people were killed in the raid, including at least 47 police officials,<ref>, ], June 23, 2004</ref> a number later revised downward to 88. The final toll included 27 civilians, 26 policemen (24 Ingush and 2 Chechen), 10 special forces servicemen, 9 soldiers (6 Russian and 3 Ingush), 8 FSB agents, 5 employees of the local prosecutor's office, at least 2 guerrillas and 3 unidentified people.<ref name="rwb" /> About 106 people were injured, including 51 members of government forces.<ref name="beslan">John B. Dunlop {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709013043/http://www.peaceinthecaucasus.org/reports/Beslan.pdf |date=2007-07-09 }}</ref>


⚫ The largest group of the dead were local police and other law enforcement officials, whom the rebels said they killed for collaborating with Russian security services in kidnappings and killings of Ingush civilians suspected of sympathizing with the rebels. The killed officials included the republic's acting Interior Minister Abukar Kostoyev, his deputy Zyaudin Kotiyev,<ref>, ], June 19, 2009</ref> Nazran city prosecutor Mukharbek Buzurtanov, and Nazran district prosecutor Bilan Oziyev.<ref name=china/>
According to the official figures of Ingushetia's pro-Moscow administration, 90 people were killed in the raid, a number revised downward from 98. The final toll included 27 civilians, 24 Ingush policemen, 10 members of federal special forces, eight FSB agents, six federal soldiers, five officials from the local ]'s office, three Ingush soldiers, two Chechen policemen, at least two guerrillas and three unidentified people.<ref></ref> About 106 people were injured, including 51 members of government forces.<ref name="beslan">John B. Dunlop </ref>


⚫ A number of civilians, including the Ingush health minister and a local ] worker, were killed in the crossfire. Only 2 dead rebels were found in the morning after attack, according to ] website, the attackers lost 6 men killed. The KC statement also said that over 120 "servants of Russia" were killed in the attack and 30 policemen were captured.{{cn|date=March 2023}}
⚫ The largest group of the dead were local police and other law enforcement officials, whom the rebels said they killed for collaborating with Russian security services in kidnappings and killings of Ingush civilians suspected of sympathizing with the rebels. They included the republic's acting ] ] ], his deputy Zyaudin Kotiyev, the city of Nazran's chief prosecutor Mukharbek Buzurtanov, the district of Nazran's chief prosecutor Belan Oziyev, the Ingushetia's ] for major criminal cases Timur Detogazov, and several other police officials. Among the dead were three officers from the elite ] unit of the FSB who had been deployed by ] as the only government reinforcements at the night of the attack.

⚫ A number of civilians, including the Ingush ] and a local ] worker, were killed in the crossfire. Only two dead rebels were found in the morning after attack, but the rebel ] website said the attackers lost six men killed. The KC statement also said that over 120 "servants of Russia" were killed in the attack and 30 policemen were captured.


==Aftermath== ==Aftermath==
⚫ Army General Vyacheslav Tikhomirov, the Russian Deputy Interior Minister and the commander of Russia's ] (VV), decided to resign after Federal Interior Minister ] blamed them for the high number of deaths. After Tikhomirov's resignation, the VV remained without a head for a month.<ref></ref>


⚫ Some 30 suspected rebels, mostly Ingush, were arrested in the next two months over their part in the Nazran raid.<ref name="beslan"/> Several days after the September 2004 ], Deputy ] ] said 10 of the weapons stolen in Nazran were used in the Beslan attack.<ref name="beslan"/> One of the demands of Beslan terrorists was also the release of the raid suspects. In 2005, 13 of them were convicted and sentenced to 8–25 years in prison.
⚫ Army General ], the Russian Deputy Interior Minister and the commander of Russia's ] (VV), decided to resign after Federal Interior Minister ] blamed them for the high number of deaths. After Tikhomirov's resignation, the VV remained without a head for a month.<ref></ref>


== Books ==
Some 30 suspected rebels, mostly Ingush, were arrested in the next two months over their part in the Nazran raid.<ref name="beslan"/> One of them, ], was initially released without charges, but as of 2008 Russia demands his ] from ].
* {{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AlTvAAAAMAAJ&q=%D0%92+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D1%81+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2+.+%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE+,+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8E+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE |title=Коммерсант, власть |date=2004 |publisher=Издательский дом "" |language=ru}}

⚫ Several days after the September 2004 ], Deputy ] ] said 10 of the weapons stolen in Nazran were used in the Beslan attack.<ref name="beslan"/> One of the demands of Beslan terrorists was also the release of the raid suspects.

⚫ In July, 2004 the Chechen President ] publicly accepted responsibility for the attacks. In the same month, Maskhadov promised more similar attacks.<ref name="ware">{{cite book|title=Chechnya: From Past to Future|editor=Richard Sakwa|publisher=Anthem Press|date=2005|pages=79–115|chapter=Robert Bruce Ware: Mythology and Political Failure in Chechnya|isbn=978-1-84331-164-5}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
Line 47: Line 56:
*] *]
*] *]
*]
*]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist|2}} {{reflist|2}}


==External links== ==External links==
⚫ *, ], 28 June 2004
* '']'', June 22, 2004
* ], 22 June 2004
* '']'', June 23, 2004
* ], June 23, 2004
⚫ * ], 28 June 2004
* ], 27 July 2004


{{Chechen wars}}
{{coord missing|Russia|conflict=yes}} {{coord missing|Ingushetia}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Nazran}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nazran}}

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Latest revision as of 15:58, 28 October 2024

Chechen–Ingush separatist attack on the former Ingush capital
Nazran raid
Part of the Second Chechen War
DateJune 21–22, 2004
LocationNazran, Ingushetia
Result Chechen victory
Belligerents

 Russian Federation

 Chechen Republic of Ichkeria

Commanders and leaders
Abukar Kostoyev †
Zyaudin Kotiyev †
Sergei Koryakov		 Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Shamil Basayev
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Dokka Umarov
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Ali Taziev
Casualties and losses
88–120 killed
6 wounded		 At least 6 killed

~25–27 civilians killed

Total casualties:
92–98 killed
106 wounded
Second Chechen War
(guerrilla phase)

The Nazran raid was a large-scale raid carried out in the Republic of Ingushetia, Russia on the night of June 21–22, 2004, by a group of Chechen militants led by Chechen commanders Shamil Basayev and Dokku Umarov. Basayev's main goal, besides capturing a large cache of weapons, was a show of strength. The attack by Chechen fighters on the Ingush city of Nazran is associated with the bad attitude of the Ingush authorities towards Chechen refugees.

Attacks

The overnight attacks targeted 15 government buildings in the former Ingush capital and the largest city, Nazran, and three settlements located on the Baku-Rostov highway that crosses the republic from east to west (Karabulak, Sleptsovskaya and Yandare). The attacking force had some Ingush militants. The targets of simultaneous attacks included the Interior Ministry (MVD) headquarters with an arms depot, an FSB border guard unit, the municipal police headquarters, barracks of the OMON special police, police stations and checkpoints. The attackers also tried but failed to free 50 prisoners from a temporary jail and dispersed at 3 a.m., before a column of federal army troops managed to reach Nazran just after dawn at 4 a.m. One Russian military convoy was also ambushed en route from North Ossetia and suffered casualties.

The raid lasted nearly five hours, and the raiders withdrew almost unscathed and with two truckloads with 1,177 seized firearms. The Interior Ministry building and Nazran train station were burned down. Ingush officials said the rebels took some 20 hostages, mostly traffic police officers.

The day before the attack, Chechen separatist leader Aslan Maskhadov, speaking for RFE/RL, claimed rebels are "going to switch to offensive warfare". In July 2004, Maskhadov publicly accepted responsibility for the attack and promised more similar attacks.

Casualties

According to the official figures, 92 people were killed in the raid, including at least 47 police officials, a number later revised downward to 88. The final toll included 27 civilians, 26 policemen (24 Ingush and 2 Chechen), 10 special forces servicemen, 9 soldiers (6 Russian and 3 Ingush), 8 FSB agents, 5 employees of the local prosecutor's office, at least 2 guerrillas and 3 unidentified people. About 106 people were injured, including 51 members of government forces.

The largest group of the dead were local police and other law enforcement officials, whom the rebels said they killed for collaborating with Russian security services in kidnappings and killings of Ingush civilians suspected of sympathizing with the rebels. The killed officials included the republic's acting Interior Minister Abukar Kostoyev, his deputy Zyaudin Kotiyev, Nazran city prosecutor Mukharbek Buzurtanov, and Nazran district prosecutor Bilan Oziyev.

A number of civilians, including the Ingush health minister and a local UN worker, were killed in the crossfire. Only 2 dead rebels were found in the morning after attack, according to Kavkaz Center website, the attackers lost 6 men killed. The KC statement also said that over 120 "servants of Russia" were killed in the attack and 30 policemen were captured.

Aftermath

Army General Vyacheslav Tikhomirov, the Russian Deputy Interior Minister and the commander of Russia's Internal Troops (VV), decided to resign after Federal Interior Minister Rashid Nurgaliyev blamed them for the high number of deaths. After Tikhomirov's resignation, the VV remained without a head for a month.

Some 30 suspected rebels, mostly Ingush, were arrested in the next two months over their part in the Nazran raid. Several days after the September 2004 Beslan school siege, Deputy Prosecutor General of Russia Vladimir Kolesnikov said 10 of the weapons stolen in Nazran were used in the Beslan attack. One of the demands of Beslan terrorists was also the release of the raid suspects. In 2005, 13 of them were convicted and sentenced to 8–25 years in prison.

Books

See also

References

  1. ^ Горохов, Евгений (30 June 2022). Кровь алая — 4. С лица воду не пить. Litres. ISBN 9785044505131.
  2. ^ Five Years After Nazran, Ingushetia Still Plagued By Militant Violence, RFE/RL, 19.06.2009
  3. ^ Death toll from Ingushetia rebel attacks revised down to 88, Agence France-Presse, 28 Jun 2004
  4. "Новая газета | № 100 от 9 сентября 2011 года | Особое мнение Евкурова". Archived from the original on 2017-03-27. Retrieved 2017-03-27.
  5. Меженков, Владимир (2022-01-29). Русские: куда мы идем? (in Russian). Litres. ISBN 978-5-457-03324-5.
  6. Зенькович, Николай (2007). Губернаторы новой России: энциклопедия карьер (in Russian). ОЛМА Медиа Групп. ISBN 978-5-373-00599-9.
  7. "Нападение в Ингушетии: десятки погибших. - Чеченский след?". Научно-образовательный портал IQ. 2004-06-22. Retrieved 2022-12-02.
  8. Коммерсант, власть (in Russian). Издательский дом "". 2004.
  9. Рбк, Редакция газеты Ежедневная Деловая Газета (December 17, 2019). Ежедневная деловая газета РБК 227-2014. Litres. ISBN 9785457744660 – via Google Books.
  10. Dozens killed in raid by Chechen rebels on Ingushetia, The Guardian, June 23, 2004
  11. Rebels storm buildings on Russian border, The Age, June 22, 2004
  12. ^ 46 killed in attacks on Russia government, China Daily, 2004-06-22
  13. ^ John B. Dunlop Beslan - Russia's 9/11? Archived 2007-07-09 at the Wayback Machine
  14. Richard Sakwa, ed. (2005). "Robert Bruce Ware: Mythology and Political Failure in Chechnya". Chechnya: From Past to Future. Anthem Press. pp. 79–115. ISBN 978-1-84331-164-5.
  15. Toll rises from Russia attack, CNN, June 23, 2004
  16. Five Years Later, Repercussions Of Nazran Attack Still Reverberate, RFERL, June 19, 2009
  17. The Internal Corps - The Kremlin's Private Army

External links

Chechen–Russian conflict
First Chechen War
Second Chechen War
Major attacks
Related topics
Wars in culture
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