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{{Short description|Ancient Greek goddess of peace}} |
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]: Roman marble copy of bronze votive statue by ], now in the ], ]]] |
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{{About|the Greek goddess|the Roman goddess|Pax (goddess)||Irene (disambiguation)}} |
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'''Eirene''', or '''Irene''' ({{lang-grc|Εἰρήνη}}, pronounced {{IPA-all|eiˈrɛːnɛː}}; Greek for "peace"; the ] equivalent was ]), one of the ], was the personification of peace, and was depicted in art as a beautiful young woman carrying a ], ] and a torch or ]. She is said sometimes to be the daughter of ] and ]. |
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{{Infobox deity |
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| type = Greek |
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| name = Eirene / Irene |
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| image = Eirene Ploutos Glyptothek Munich 219 n4.jpg |
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| alt = |
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| caption = ''Statue of Eirene'' with the infant ]: Roman marble copy of bronze votive statue by ], now in the ], ]. |
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| god_of = Goddess of peace |
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| member_of = The ] |
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| abode = |
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| symbol = ], sceptre, torch, ] |
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| consort = |
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| parents = ] and ] |
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| siblings = ], ], the ], ] |
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| children = |
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}} |
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{{Contains special characters}} |
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'''Eirene''' or '''Irene''' ({{IPAc-en|aɪ|ˈ|r|iː|n|iː}}; {{langx|grc|Εἰρήνη}}, ''Ëirene'', {{IPA-el|eːrɛ́ːnɛː|}}, {{abbr|lit.|literally}} "Peace"),<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| author-link= Robert S. P. Beekes| first= R. S. P. |last= Beekes| quote= No etymology; ] origin is very probable, principally because of the ending| title= Etymological Dictionary of Greek| publisher= Brill| year= 2009| page= 391}}</ref> more commonly known in English as '''Peace''', is one of the ], the personification and goddess of peace in ] and ]. She was depicted in art as a beautiful young woman carrying a ], ], and a torch or ]. She is usually said to be the daughter of ] and ] and thus sister of ] and ]. Her ] equivalent is the goddess ].{{cn|date=December 2024}} |
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She was particularly well regarded by the citizens of ]. After a naval victory over ] in 375 BC, the Athenians established a cult for Eirene, erecting altars to her. They held an annual state sacrifice to her after 371 BC to commemorate the ] of that year and set up a votive statue in her honour in the ] (marketplace) of Athens. The statue was executed in bronze by ], the father of the famous sculptor ]. It was acclaimed by the Athenians, who depicted it on vases and coins.<ref name="Wunsche">{{cite book|last=Wünsche|first=Raimund|title=Glyptothek, Munich: masterpieces of Greek and Roman sculpture|page=79|publisher=C.H.Beck|year=2007|isbn=9783406565083}}</ref> |
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== Cult == |
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Although the statue is now lost, it was copied in marble by the Romans; one of the best surviving copies (''right'') is in the ] ]. It depicts the goddess carrying a child with her left arm – ], the god of plenty and son of ], the goddess of agriculture. Eirene's missing right hand once held a sceptre. She is shown gazing maternally at Ploutus, who is looking back at her trustingly. The statue is an allegory for Plenty (Ploutus) prospering under the protection of Peace (Eirene) ; it constituted a public appeal to good sense.<ref name="Wunsche" /> |
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Eirene was particularly well regarded by the citizens of Athens. After a naval victory over ] in 375 BC, the Athenians established a cult for Peace, erecting ]s to her. They held an annual state sacrifice to her after 371 BC to commemorate the ] of that year and set up a votive statue in her honour in the ]. The statue was executed in bronze by ], likely the father or uncle<ref>{{cite book| quote= but, given Greek practice of handing down names and crafts in the family, it is likely that if not Praxiteles' father, he was a relation.| first= Martin| last= Robertson| title= A Shorter History of Greek Art| url= https://archive.org/details/shorterhistoryof0000robe| url-access= registration| publisher= Cambridge University Press| year= 1981| page= }}</ref> of the famous sculptor ]. It was acclaimed by the Athenians, who depicted it on vases and coins.<ref name= Wunsche>{{cite book |last= Wünsche| first=Raimund|title= Glyptothek, Munich: masterpieces of Greek and Roman sculpture|page=79|publisher= C. H. Beck| year= 2007| isbn=978-3-406-56508-3}}</ref> |
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Although the statue is now lost, it was copied in marble by the Romans; one of the best surviving copies is in the ] ]. It depicts the goddess carrying a child with her left arm—], the god of plenty and son of ], the goddess of agriculture. Peace's missing right hand once held a sceptre. She is shown gazing maternally at Plutus, who is looking back at her trustingly. The statue is an allegory for Plenty (i.e., Plutus) prospering under the protection of Peace; it constituted a public appeal to good sense.<ref name="Wunsche" /> The copy in the Glyptothek was originally in the collection of the ] in Rome but was looted and taken to France by ]. Following Napoleon's fall, the statue was bought by ].<ref>{{cite book |last=Robinson |first=Edward |title=Catalogue of Casts Part III Greek and Roman Sculpture |page=222 |publisher=Houghton, Mifflin & Co. |year=1892}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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==References== |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
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==External links== |
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{{reflist}} |
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*{{Commonscatinline|Eirene}} |
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{{Greek mythology (deities)}} |
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== External links == |
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{{commonscat|Eirene}} |
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Eirene was particularly well regarded by the citizens of Athens. After a naval victory over Sparta in 375 BC, the Athenians established a cult for Peace, erecting altars to her. They held an annual state sacrifice to her after 371 BC to commemorate the Common Peace of that year and set up a votive statue in her honour in the Agora of Athens. The statue was executed in bronze by Cephisodotus the Elder, likely the father or uncle of the famous sculptor Praxiteles. It was acclaimed by the Athenians, who depicted it on vases and coins.
Although the statue is now lost, it was copied in marble by the Romans; one of the best surviving copies is in the Munich Glyptothek. It depicts the goddess carrying a child with her left arm—Plutus, the god of plenty and son of Demeter, the goddess of agriculture. Peace's missing right hand once held a sceptre. She is shown gazing maternally at Plutus, who is looking back at her trustingly. The statue is an allegory for Plenty (i.e., Plutus) prospering under the protection of Peace; it constituted a public appeal to good sense. The copy in the Glyptothek was originally in the collection of the Villa Albani in Rome but was looted and taken to France by Napoleon I. Following Napoleon's fall, the statue was bought by Ludwig I of Bavaria.
Statue of Eirene with the infant Ploutos: Roman marble copy of bronze votive statue by Cephisodotus the Elder, now in the Glyptothek, Munich.
Media related to Eirene at Wikimedia Commons