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| {{Short description|Israeli settlement in the West Bank}} | |||
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| {{Infobox Israel village | {{Infobox Israel village | ||
| | name = Halamish | | name = Halamish | ||
| | image = NeveTsuf1.JPG | |||
| | founded = |
| founded = 1 November 1977 | ||
| ⚫ | | founded_by |
||
| | country = | |||
| | region = ] | |||
| ⚫ | | founded_by = ] | ||
| ⚫ | | council |
||
| | |
| district = js | ||
| | |
| region = ] | ||
| ⚫ | | council = ] | ||
| ⚫ | |pushpin_map=Israel binyamin |
||
| | affiliation = ] | |||
| |latd=32 |latm=0 |lats=29.07 | |||
| | popyear = {{Israel populations|Year}} | |||
| |longd=35 |longm=7 |longs=37.98 | |||
| | population = {{Israel populations|Neve Tsuf}} | |||
| | website = | |||
| | population_footnotes={{Israel populations|reference}} | |||
| ⚫ | | pushpin_map= Israel binyamin#Israel#West Bank | ||
| | pushpin_mapsize=250 | pushpin_label_position = bottom | |||
| | coordinates = {{coord|32|0|21|N|35|7|34|E|display=inline,title}} | |||
| | website = | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Halamish''' ({{ |
'''Halamish''' ({{langx|he|חַלָּמִישׁ||]}}), also known as '''Neveh Tzuf''' ({{langx|he|נְוֵה צוּף||Oasis of Nectar}}), is an ] in the ], located in the southwestern Samarian hills to the north of ], 10.7 kilometers east of the ]. The ] community was established in 1977. It is organised as a ] and falls under the jurisdiction of ]. In {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Neve Tsuf}}. On a hill within the settlement is ], an archeological site dating to the ]. | ||
| The settlement of Neveh Tzuf is home to the religious ] Elisha.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.jafi.org/NR/exeres/5545EB1C-D2EA-4141-AC2E-E213521F1481| title=Mechinot| publisher=Jewish Agency|access-date=31 March 2011}}</ref> | |||
| The international community considers Israeli settlements ], but the Israeli government disputes this.<ref name="BBC_The_Geneva_Convention">{{cite news | |||
| | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1682640.stm| title = The Geneva Convention| publisher = BBC| date=2009-12-10 | |||
| }}</ref> | |||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| On 16 October 1977, two ] |
On 16 October 1977, two ], one religious, calling itself “Neveh Tzuf” and one secular, called “Neveh Tzelah” with a total of 40 families moved into the abandoned former British ] building near the Palestinian village ].<ref name="Hoberman">{{cite book | last=Hoberman | first=Haggai| year=2008| title=Keneged Kol HaSikuim | edition=1st |trans-title=Against All Odds| publisher=Sifriat Netzarim|language=he}}</ref> The original name of the settlement, Neveh Tzuf, was rejected by the ], arguing that it might be misleading as the biblical location Eretz Tzuf was elsewhere. The naming committee gave the new settlement the official name 'Halamish' instead, derived from a biblical verse:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bitan|first=Hanna|title=Fifty Years of 'Hityashvut': Atlas of Names of Settlements in Israel|year=1999|publisher=Carta Jerusalem|isbn=965-220-423-4 |page= 23|language=he}}</ref> He (God) "nourished him with oil from the crag of flint." (Deuteronomy 32:13) Since this name was rejected by some settlers, both names are used for the settlement.<ref name="Hoberman"/> | ||
| The Israeli Army issued military order 28/78 in 1978 to seize privately owned Palestinian land from the villages of ], ], and ] and turned over 686 ]s to the newly established settlement.<ref name=OCHA_disposession>{{citation|url=https://www.ochaopt.org/sites/default/files/ocha_opt_springs_report_march_2012_english.pdf|title=How Dispossession Happens: The humanitarian impact of the takeover of Palestinian water springs by Israeli settlers|publisher=United Nations: Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs occupied Palestinian territory|date=March 2012}}</ref><ref name="haaretz.com 2017">{{cite web | last = Hass | first = Amira | author-link = Amira Hass | title=The difference between Israeli and Palestinian threats | website=haaretz.com | date=2017-08-21 | url=https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-the-difference-between-israeli-and-palestinian-threats-1.5444340 | access-date=2018-12-12}}</ref> According to ], Israel confiscated land from several surrounding Palestinian villages in order to construct Halamish; 604 dunams from Deir Nidham,<ref>, ARIJ, p. 16</ref> 10 dunams from the ] part of ].<ref>, ARIJ, p. 17</ref> ] reported, based on data from the Israeli Civil Administration, that 34.35% of the land Halamish is built on is privately owned Palestinian property, with 0% being Jewish owned.<ref>{{citation|date=October 2006|publisher=Peace Now|title=Breaking the Law in the West Bank – One Violation Leads to Another: Israeli Settlement Building on Private Palestinian Property|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/21_11_06_west_bank.pdf|page=27}}</ref> | |||
| The original name of the colony, Neveh Tzuf, was rejected by the government naming committee by giving the rationale that it might be misleading the public since the biblical location, Eretz Tzuf, was elsewhere. The naming committee instead gave the new colony the official name 'Halamish', and since this was rejected by the families, both names are still used for the settlement.<ref name="Hoberman"/> | |||
| On 21 July 2017, three Israelis were killed and one severely wounded in ] in Halamish.<ref> Times of Israel, 22 July 2017</ref> The residents of Halamish set up an ] near the settlement as a response to the attack.<ref>{{cite web | title=Israel helped establish 14 illegal West Bank outposts since 2011 | website=haaretz.com | date=2017-12-25 | url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-israel-helped-establish-14-illegal-west-bank-outposts-since-2011-1.5629562 | access-date=2018-12-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Settlers set up new outpost in memory of slain Salomon family | website=Ynetnews | date=2017-07-23 | url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4993070,00.html | access-date=2018-12-13| last1=Ben-Kimon | first1=Elisha }}</ref> | |||
| ==Protest== | |||
| The residents of the nearby village of ] have protested the confiscation of their land by the people of Halamish.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://palsolidarity.org/2010/03/11640/ |title=Israeli Forces Critically Injure Boy in An Nabi Saleh | International Solidarity Movement |publisher=palsolidarity.org |accessdate=2010-07-01 }}</ref> | |||
| == |
==Legal status== | ||
| Upon the first work preparing the land, residents of the nearby Palestinian village ] went to the ] and claimed private ownership of land to be used for settlement. Based on aerial photos from the turn of the 20th century, showing the disputed land to be barren, and ] land law specifying that land not worked for over ten years becomes ], the land was declared state land and freed for settlement constructions.<ref name="Sfard2018">{{cite book|author=Michael Sfard|title=The Wall and the Gate: Israel, Palestine, and the Legal Battle for Human Rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n7NyDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA148|date=23 January 2018|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|isbn=978-1-250-12271-1|pages=148–}}</ref> | |||
| *] | |||
| The residents of the nearby Palestinian village of ] regularly protest against what they allege is the takeover of a spring by the settlers of Halamish. However, the spring was declared an "antiquities site" by the Civil Administration, located on private land belonging to inhabitants of Nabi Salih. Residents of Nabi Salih also assert that they are being prevented from working the fields around the spring.<ref name="Haaretz1.284709">{{cite web | url=http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/magazine/a-spa-for-samaria-1.284709 |title=A spa for Samaria. Every Friday, villagers demonstrate against the excavation of the spring.|publisher=]|author=Gideon Levy|date=22 April 2010 |access-date=31 March 2011}}</ref> The protests have led to violent clashes, with Palestinian youths throwing stones and Israeli forces firing on protesters with ], ], and ].<ref name="Guardian2012/may/20"> {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/may/20/palestinian-protester-tamimi-cleared-incitement?newsfeed=true |title=Palestinian protester cleared of incitement charge |author=Harriet Sherwood |date=20 May 2012 |work=The Guardian |access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref> Since the end of 2009, 64 people (13% of the village's population) has been arrested by Israeli forces.<ref name=H>{{cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/mighty-israel-and-its-quest-to-quash-palestinian-popular-protest-1.352248 |title=Mighty Israel and its quest to quash Palestinian popular protest |author=Amira Hass |date=28 March 2011 |work=Haaretz |access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref> ], one of the leaders of the protests, who was declared a ] by the ] and a ] by ], has been arrested twelve times to date.<ref name="Guardian2012/may/20"/> On 24 March 2011 he was arrested and charged with incitement, holding a march without a permit, sending youths to throw stones, and perverting the course of justice.<ref name="AFP">{{cite news | url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gar87dqIgfksqSyAmRUigZYru1jQ?docId=CNG.2fb50e36a68614c4405d2849d39d09d3.151 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215214656/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gar87dqIgfksqSyAmRUigZYru1jQ?docId=CNG.2fb50e36a68614c4405d2849d39d09d3.151 | url-status=dead | archive-date=February 15, 2013 |title=West Bank activist Tamimi convicted of stoning charge |author=Steve Weizman |date=20 May 2012 |agency=Agence France-Presse |access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref> After an 11-month military trial, he was cleared of the central charge of incitement and of perverting the course of justice by an Israeli military court, but found guilty of taking part in illegal demonstrations and of soliciting protesters to throw stones largely based on the testimony of two Palestinian youths aged 14 and 15.<ref name="Guardian2012/may/20"/><ref name="AFP"/> After being released on bail on 24 April 2012,<ref name="AFP"/> he was given a 13-month sentence in May 2012, corresponding to the time he had served in prison while awaiting trial.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.timesofisrael.com/palestinian-protest-leader-walks-free/ |title=Palestinian protest leader walks free | author=The Associated Press| work=The Times of Israel| date= 29 May 2012|access-date= 9 March 2013}}</ref> | |||
| The international community considers Israeli settlements in the ] to be illegal under international law, violating the ] prohibition on the transfer of civilians into or out of occupied territory. Israel however disputes that the Fourth Geneva Convention applies to the West Bank and disputes their illegality.<ref>{{cite web | title=Israeli outposters vow to stay | website=BBC News | date=2009-06-08 | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8089009.stm | access-date=2018-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Balmer | first=Crispian | title=Stung by U.N. defeat, Israel pushes settlement plans | website=Reuters | date=2012-12-01 | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/palestinians-israel-settlements-idINDEE8AT0FP20121201 | access-date=2018-12-16}}</ref> | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
| ==External links== | |||
| {{Commons category|Halamish}} | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| {{Mateh Binyamin Regional Council}} | {{Mateh Binyamin Regional Council}} | ||
| {{Authority control}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
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Latest revision as of 14:04, 25 October 2024
Israeli settlement in the West BankPlace in Judea and Samaria Area
| Halamish | |
|---|---|
 | |
  HalamishShow map of the Central West Bank HalamishShow map of Israel HalamishShow map of the West Bank | |
| Coordinates: 32°0′21″N 35°7′34″E / 32.00583°N 35.12611°E / 32.00583; 35.12611 | |
| District | Judea and Samaria Area |
| Council | Mateh Binyamin |
| Region | West Bank |
| Affiliation | Amana |
| Founded | 1 November 1977 |
| Founded by | Gush Emunim |
| Population | 1,590 |
| Website | Neve Tzuf Halamish |
Halamish (Hebrew: חַלָּמִישׁ, lit. 'Flint'), also known as Neveh Tzuf (Hebrew: נְוֵה צוּף, lit. 'Oasis of Nectar'), is an Israeli settlement in the West Bank, located in the southwestern Samarian hills to the north of Ramallah, 10.7 kilometers east of the Green line. The Orthodox Jewish community was established in 1977. It is organised as a community settlement and falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Binyamin Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 1,590. On a hill within the settlement is Hovlata, an archeological site dating to the Hasmonean period.
The settlement of Neveh Tzuf is home to the religious pre-army Mechina Elisha.
The international community considers Israeli settlements illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.
History
On 16 October 1977, two groups of settlers, one religious, calling itself “Neveh Tzuf” and one secular, called “Neveh Tzelah” with a total of 40 families moved into the abandoned former British Tegart fort building near the Palestinian village Nabi Salih. The original name of the settlement, Neveh Tzuf, was rejected by the Government Naming Committee, arguing that it might be misleading as the biblical location Eretz Tzuf was elsewhere. The naming committee gave the new settlement the official name 'Halamish' instead, derived from a biblical verse: He (God) "nourished him with oil from the crag of flint." (Deuteronomy 32:13) Since this name was rejected by some settlers, both names are used for the settlement.
The Israeli Army issued military order 28/78 in 1978 to seize privately owned Palestinian land from the villages of Deir Nidham, Nabi Salih, and Umm Safa and turned over 686 dunams to the newly established settlement. According to ARIJ, Israel confiscated land from several surrounding Palestinian villages in order to construct Halamish; 604 dunams from Deir Nidham, 10 dunams from the Beitillu part of Al-Ittihad. Peace Now reported, based on data from the Israeli Civil Administration, that 34.35% of the land Halamish is built on is privately owned Palestinian property, with 0% being Jewish owned.
On 21 July 2017, three Israelis were killed and one severely wounded in a stabbing attack in Halamish. The residents of Halamish set up an Israeli outpost near the settlement as a response to the attack.
Legal status
Upon the first work preparing the land, residents of the nearby Palestinian village Deir Nidham went to the Supreme Court of Israel and claimed private ownership of land to be used for settlement. Based on aerial photos from the turn of the 20th century, showing the disputed land to be barren, and Ottoman Empire land law specifying that land not worked for over ten years becomes state land, the land was declared state land and freed for settlement constructions.
The residents of the nearby Palestinian village of Nabi Salih regularly protest against what they allege is the takeover of a spring by the settlers of Halamish. However, the spring was declared an "antiquities site" by the Civil Administration, located on private land belonging to inhabitants of Nabi Salih. Residents of Nabi Salih also assert that they are being prevented from working the fields around the spring. The protests have led to violent clashes, with Palestinian youths throwing stones and Israeli forces firing on protesters with tear gas, rubber bullets, and water cannons. Since the end of 2009, 64 people (13% of the village's population) has been arrested by Israeli forces. Bassem al-Tamimi, one of the leaders of the protests, who was declared a human rights defender by the European Union and a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International, has been arrested twelve times to date. On 24 March 2011 he was arrested and charged with incitement, holding a march without a permit, sending youths to throw stones, and perverting the course of justice. After an 11-month military trial, he was cleared of the central charge of incitement and of perverting the course of justice by an Israeli military court, but found guilty of taking part in illegal demonstrations and of soliciting protesters to throw stones largely based on the testimony of two Palestinian youths aged 14 and 15. After being released on bail on 24 April 2012, he was given a 13-month sentence in May 2012, corresponding to the time he had served in prison while awaiting trial.
The international community considers Israeli settlements in the Israeli-occupied West Bank to be illegal under international law, violating the Fourth Geneva Convention's prohibition on the transfer of civilians into or out of occupied territory. Israel however disputes that the Fourth Geneva Convention applies to the West Bank and disputes their illegality.
References
- "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- "Mechinot". Jewish Agency. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
- "The Geneva Convention". BBC. 2009-12-10.
- ^ Hoberman, Haggai (2008). Keneged Kol HaSikuim [Against All Odds] (in Hebrew) (1st ed.). Sifriat Netzarim.
- Bitan, Hanna (1999). Fifty Years of 'Hityashvut': Atlas of Names of Settlements in Israel (in Hebrew). Carta Jerusalem. p. 23. ISBN 965-220-423-4.
- How Dispossession Happens: The humanitarian impact of the takeover of Palestinian water springs by Israeli settlers (PDF), United Nations: Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs occupied Palestinian territory, March 2012
- Hass, Amira (2017-08-21). "The difference between Israeli and Palestinian threats". haaretz.com. Retrieved 2018-12-12.
- Deir Nidham village profile, ARIJ, p. 16
- Al-Itihad Town Profile (Beitillu, Jammala & Deir 'Ammar), ARIJ, p. 17
- Breaking the Law in the West Bank – One Violation Leads to Another: Israeli Settlement Building on Private Palestinian Property (PDF), Peace Now, October 2006, p. 27
- IDF raids Halamish terrorist’s home, arrests his brother Times of Israel, 22 July 2017
- "Israel helped establish 14 illegal West Bank outposts since 2011". haaretz.com. 2017-12-25. Retrieved 2018-12-13.
- Ben-Kimon, Elisha (2017-07-23). "Settlers set up new outpost in memory of slain Salomon family". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2018-12-13.
- Michael Sfard (23 January 2018). The Wall and the Gate: Israel, Palestine, and the Legal Battle for Human Rights. Henry Holt and Company. pp. 148–. ISBN 978-1-250-12271-1.
- Gideon Levy (22 April 2010). "A spa for Samaria. Every Friday, villagers demonstrate against the excavation of the spring". Haaretz. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
- ^ Harriet Sherwood (20 May 2012). "Palestinian protester cleared of incitement charge". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
- Amira Hass (28 March 2011). "Mighty Israel and its quest to quash Palestinian popular protest". Haaretz. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
- ^ Steve Weizman (20 May 2012). "West Bank activist Tamimi convicted of stoning charge". Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on February 15, 2013. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
- The Associated Press (29 May 2012). "Palestinian protest leader walks free". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- "Israeli outposters vow to stay". BBC News. 2009-06-08. Retrieved 2018-12-16.
- Balmer, Crispian (2012-12-01). "Stung by U.N. defeat, Israel pushes settlement plans". Reuters. Retrieved 2018-12-16.