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{{Infobox river
{{About|a river|a settlement in the Sakha Republic|Vitim}}
| name = Vitim
]
| name_native = {{native name list |tag1=ru |name1=Витим |tag2=evn |name2=Витым |tag3=evn-Latn |name3=Witym |tag4=sah |name4=Виитим |tag5=sah-Latn |name5=Viitim |tag6=bua |name6=Витим |tag7=bua-Latn |name7=Vitim}}
'''Vitim River''' ({{lang-ru|Витим}}; {{lang-bxr|Витим ''Vitim''}}) is a major ] of the ]. With its ] east of ], the Vitim flows 1,978 km north through the ] and the town of ]. The river peaks in June and freezes from November to May. It is navigable from the Lena to ]. Upstream, tugs can haul barges as far as the ], but this is becoming rare. Formerly, because of its swift current, goods were hauled overland from ] 144km to a place called Romanovka. There boats were built, floated down the river, and broken up at their destination. This lasted until the late 1940s. The Vitim is an excellent place for adventure rafting, but is rarely visited because of its isolation.
| name_native_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
| image = Vitim posle Bambuyki.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = The Vitim near its tributary Bambuyka
| map = Lena_watershed.png
| map_size =
| map_caption = Lena watershed
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption=
<!---------------------- LOCATION -->
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = ]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 = Region
| subdivision_name3 = ], ], ], ]
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 = Cities
| subdivision_name5 = ], ], ]
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
| length = {{convert|1940|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|1937|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_max =
<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->
| source1 =
| source1_location = Confluence of rivers Vitimkan and China, ],<br />]
| source1_coordinates=
| source1_elevation = {{convert|1171|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth = ]
| mouth_location =
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|59.4631|112.6013|display=it}}
| mouth_elevation =
| progression = {{RLena}}
| river_system =
| basin_size = {{convert|225000|km2|abbr=on}}
| tributaries_left = ], ], ], ]
| tributaries_right = ], ], ], ], ]
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=4 |height=250 | stroke-width=1.5 |coord {{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}}
}}
]


The '''Vitim''' ({{langx|ru|Витим}}; {{langx|evn|Витым}}, {{transl|evn|''Witym''}};<ref name=KNAB/> {{langx|sah|Виитим}}, {{transl|sah|''Viitim'' <small></small>}};<ref name=KNAB/> ] and {{langx|mn|Витим}}, ''Vitim''<ref name=KNAB/>) is a major ] of the ]. Its ] is east of ], at the confluence of rivers Vitimkan from the west and China from the east. The Vitim flows first south, bends eastwards and then northward in the ]. Then it flows north through the ] and the town of ].
The first Russian to explore the river was probably ] in 1639-1640, who brought back reports of the upper ].
Including river Vitimkan, its western source, it is {{convert|1978|km}} long, and has a drainage basin of {{convert|225000|km2}}.<ref name=bse>, ]</ref><ref name=gvr>{{GVR|238178|Река ВИТИМ}}</ref><ref name=gvr2>{{GVR|238187|Река ЧИНА}}</ref>


It is navigable from the Lena to Bodaybo. Upstream, tugs can haul barges as far as the ] (BAM), but this is becoming rare.
], one of the famous localities of ] ] is situated on the left bank of the Vitim River.


The Vitim is an excellent place for adventure rafting, but is rarely visited because of its isolation. ], one of the famous localities of ] is situated on the left bank of the Vitim River.
==Along the Vitim==


==History==
'''] town''': the Vitim joins the Lena. '''Mama''' and ], about 130km south of Vitim. A muscovite mica mine from 1705 until the late 1930s. Now a small settlement. '''Mamakan''', on an west-flowing stretch 200km south-southeast of Vitim. In 1961 a 86MW dam on a left tributary was completed, one of the first dams built on permafrost. ''']''', just upstream, a gold mining center founded in 1864. Upstream, the port of Luzhki was the start of a road to the Lena gold fields. From here upstream the river goes crookedly east and then south. 240km upstream from Bodaybo are the Uronsky Rapids and after 140km more, the Parama Rapids. 40 km or so upstream, the Vitim is crossed by the ] between ] and Kuanda. Upriver there are more rapids and goldfields. South through the ] toward ], then west into the Vitim Plateau east of ]<ref>Yates and Zvegentzov,'Siberian BAM Guide',2001</ref>
The first Russian to explore the river was probably ] in 1639–40, who brought back reports of the upper ].<ref name= Lantzeff>{{cite book
| last = Lantzeff
| first = George V., and Richard A. Pierce
| title = Eastward to Empire: Exploration and Conquest on the Russian Open Frontier, to 1750
| publisher = McGill-Queen's U.P.
| year = 1973
| location = Montreal
}}</ref>
Formerly, because of its swift current, goods were hauled {{convert|144|km|mi}} overland from ] to ]. There boats were built, floated down the river, and broken up at their destination. This lasted until the late 1940s.
===Vitim impact event===
The Vitim event occurred in the Vitim River basin near ] on 25 September 2002. The event was probably caused by a ]. The event was similar to ].


==Vitim event== ==Course==
]
{{Main|Vitim event}}
Going upstream: ] town where the Vitim joins the Lena. Mama and ], about {{convert|130|km|mi}} south of Vitim. A muscovite mica mine from 1705 until the late 1930s. Now a small settlement. Mamakan, on a west-flowing stretch {{convert|200|km|mi}} south-southeast of Vitim. In 1963 a 86MW dam on the Mamakan River was completed, one of the first dams built on permafrost.<ref name=WR></ref> ], just upstream, a gold mining center founded in 1864. Upstream, the port of Luzhki was the start of a road to the Lena gold fields. From here upstream the river goes crookedly east and then south. About {{convert|240|km|mi}} upstream from Bodaybo are the ] Rapids<ref></ref> and after {{convert|140|km|mi}} more, the Parama Rapids. About {{convert|40|km|mi}} or so upstream, the Vitim is crossed by the ] between ] and Kuanda. Upriver there are more rapids and goldfields. South through the ] toward ], then west into the ] east of ].<ref>Yates and Zvegentzov,'Siberian BAM Guide',2001</ref> The river peaks in June and freezes from November to May.
A mysterious event called the ] on September 25, 2002 occurred in the Vitim River basin near the ] of ]. The event was probably caused by a ] or a ]. The event was strikingly similar to that to the ].


==References== ===Tributaries===


The main tributaries of the Vitim are, from source to mouth:<ref name=bse/>
{{reflist}}
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* ] (right)
* ] (right)
* ] (right)
* ] (right)
* ] (left)
* ] (right)
* ] (left)
* ] (left)
* ] (right)
* ] (left)
* ] (left)
{{div col end}}


==See also==
{{coord|59|29|N|112|35|E|source:cswiki_region:RU|display=title}}
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]


==References==
]
{{Reflist|refs=
]
<ref name=KNAB>{{cite web|url=http://www.eki.ee/knab/p_mm_en.htm |title=KNAB, the Place Names Database of EKI |publisher=Eki.ee |access-date=2013-01-01}}</ref>
}}


==External links==
{{Buryatia-geo-stub}}
*, at {{coord|56.224|115.733}}]
{{IrkutskOblast-geo-stub}}


{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2013}}
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{{Authority control}}
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Latest revision as of 02:23, 29 October 2024

River in Russia
Vitim
The Vitim near its tributary Bambuyka
Lena watershed
Native name
Location
CountryRussia
RegionBuryatia, Irkutsk Oblast, Sakha Republic, Zabaykalsky Krai
CitiesBodaybo, Vitim, Mama, Russia
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationConfluence of rivers Vitimkan and China, Ikat Range,
Irkutsk Oblast
 • elevation1,171 m (3,842 ft)
MouthLena
 • coordinates59°27′47″N 112°36′05″E / 59.4631°N 112.6013°E / 59.4631; 112.6013
Length1,940 km (1,210 mi)
Basin size225,000 km (87,000 sq mi)
Discharge 
 • average1,937 m/s (68,400 cu ft/s)
Basin features
ProgressionLena→ Laptev Sea
Tributaries 
 • leftTsipa, Muya, Mamakan, Mama
 • rightKonda, Karenga, Kalakan, Kalar, Bodaybo
Map

The Vitim (Russian: Витим; Evenki: Витым, Witym; Yakut: Виитим, Viitim ; Buryat and Mongolian: Витим, Vitim) is a major tributary of the Lena. Its source is east of Lake Baikal, at the confluence of rivers Vitimkan from the west and China from the east. The Vitim flows first south, bends eastwards and then northward in the Vitim Plateau. Then it flows north through the Stanovoy Highlands and the town of Bodaybo. Including river Vitimkan, its western source, it is 1,978 kilometres (1,229 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 225,000 square kilometres (87,000 sq mi).

It is navigable from the Lena to Bodaybo. Upstream, tugs can haul barges as far as the Baikal Amur Mainline (BAM), but this is becoming rare.

The Vitim is an excellent place for adventure rafting, but is rarely visited because of its isolation. Baissa, one of the famous localities of fossil insects is situated on the left bank of the Vitim River.

History

The first Russian to explore the river was probably Maksim Perfilyev in 1639–40, who brought back reports of the upper Amur River. Formerly, because of its swift current, goods were hauled 144 kilometres (89 mi) overland from Chita to Romanovka. There boats were built, floated down the river, and broken up at their destination. This lasted until the late 1940s.

Vitim impact event

The Vitim event occurred in the Vitim River basin near Bodaybo on 25 September 2002. The event was probably caused by a bolide. The event was similar to Tagish Lake.

Course

Going upstream: Vitim town where the Vitim joins the Lena. Mama and Mama Airport, about 130 kilometres (81 mi) south of Vitim. A muscovite mica mine from 1705 until the late 1930s. Now a small settlement. Mamakan, on a west-flowing stretch 200 kilometres (120 mi) south-southeast of Vitim. In 1963 a 86MW dam on the Mamakan River was completed, one of the first dams built on permafrost. Bodaybo, just upstream, a gold mining center founded in 1864. Upstream, the port of Luzhki was the start of a road to the Lena gold fields. From here upstream the river goes crookedly east and then south. About 240 kilometres (150 mi) upstream from Bodaybo are the Delyun-Uran Rapids and after 140 kilometres (87 mi) more, the Parama Rapids. About 40 kilometres (25 mi) or so upstream, the Vitim is crossed by the Baikal Amur Mainline between Taksimo and Kuanda. Upriver there are more rapids and goldfields. South through the Stanovoy Mountains toward Chita, then west into the Vitim Plateau east of Lake Baikal. The river peaks in June and freezes from November to May.

Tributaries

The main tributaries of the Vitim are, from source to mouth:

See also

References

  1. ^ "KNAB, the Place Names Database of EKI". Eki.ee. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  2. ^ Витим (река в Бурят. АССР), Great Soviet Encyclopedia
  3. "Река ВИТИМ in the State Water Register of Russia". textual.ru (in Russian).
  4. "Река ЧИНА in the State Water Register of Russia". textual.ru (in Russian).
  5. Lantzeff, George V., and Richard A. Pierce (1973). Eastward to Empire: Exploration and Conquest on the Russian Open Frontier, to 1750. Montreal: McGill-Queen's U.P.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. Mamakan reservoir - Water of Russia
  7. Porog Delyun-Uran
  8. Yates and Zvegentzov,'Siberian BAM Guide',2001

External links

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