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{{Short description|Award for advances in astrophysics}}
⚫ The '''Janssen Medal''' is an ] award presented by the ] to those who have made advances in this area of science. Created in 1886<ref name="general">{{fr}} , French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011</ref> it is not always awarded every year. It is distinct from the ] (created in 1897), an annual award presented by the ]. Both awards are named for the French astronomer ] (1824-1907) (better known as Jules Janssen).
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
⚫ The '''Janssen Medal''' is an ] award presented by the ] to those who have made advances in this area of science.<ref name="general">{{in lang|fr}} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124184805/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/prix/ptsu.htm |date=24 November 2009 }}, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23 January 2011</ref>

The award was founded in 1886, though the first medal was not awarded until a year later. The commission formed to decide on the first recipient of the medal selected the German physicist ] for his work on the science of ]. However, Kirchhoff died aged 63 on 17 October 1887, a few months before the award would have been announced. Rather than chose a new recipient for the award, the commission announced at the Academy's session of 26 December 1887 that the inaugural medal would be placed on his grave, in "supreme honour of the memory of this great scholar of Heidelberg".<ref>{{in lang|fr}} '']'' (1887), pp.1322–1323. The French phrase partially translated here is: ''"L'Académie voudra donner à la mémoire du grand savant d'Heidelberg ce suprême hommage, qui sera une première consécration de sa gloire et une consolation pour sa famille."''</ref>

The award had been intended to be biennial, but was awarded in 1888 and again in 1889. A statement in the 1889 volume of '']'' clarified that the award would be presented annually for the first seven years, and then biennially from 1894 onwards.<ref>{{in lang|fr}} '']'' (1889), pp.1095–1096</ref>

This award is distinct from the ] (created in 1897), an annual award presented by the ]. Both awards are named for the French astronomer ] (1824–1907) (better known as Jules Janssen). Janssen founded the Academy award, and was a member of the inaugural commission.


==Laureates== ==Laureates==
⚫ *1887 – ]<ref name="Wilson">{{Cite journal |url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1913PA.....21..377./0000383.000.html |bibcode=1913PA.....21..377. |title=General Notes |journal=Popular Astronomy |year=1913 |volume=21 |page=377 }} This gives all the Janssen Medal awards between 1887 and 1912 that were known to US astronomer ] (1886–1960) the author of the note.</ref> (posthumously)
{{incomplete list}}
*1888 – ]<ref name="Wilson" /><ref>{{cite ODNB|id=34039|title=Huggins, Sir William|doi10.1093/ref:odnb/34039|last=Becker|first=Barbara J.|date=3 January 2008}}</ref>
⚫ *1887 - ]<ref name="Wilson">, Ralph E. Wilson, General Notes, Popular Astronomy, Vol. 21, 1913, pp.383-385. This gives all the Janssen Medal awards between 1887 and 1912 that were known to US astronomer ] (1886-1960) the author of the note.</ref>
⚫ *1889 – ]<ref name="Wilson" />
*1888 - ]<ref name="Wilson"/><ref>, Barbara J. Becker, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008, accessed 23 Jan 2011</ref>
⚫ *1890 – ]<ref name="Wilson" /><ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1908PA.....16..218P/0000218.000.html |bibcode=1908PA.....16..218P |title=Charles Augustus Young |last1=Poor |first1=John M. |journal=Popular Astronomy |year=1908 |volume=16 |page=218 }} The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 229.</ref>
⚫ *1889 - ]<ref name="Wilson"/>
⚫ *1891 – ]<ref name="Wilson" />
⚫ *1890 - ]<ref name="Wilson"/><ref>, John M. Poor, Popular Astronomy, vol. 16 (1908), pp.218-230. The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 229.</ref>
*1892 – ]<ref name="Wilson" /><ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1905PA.....13..306M |bibcode=1905PA.....13..306M |title=Pietro Tacchini |author1=MacPherson, Hector Jr. |journal=Popular Astronomy |year=1905 |volume=13 |page=306 }} The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 308.</ref>
⚫ *1891 - ]<ref name="Wilson"/>
*1892 - ]<ref name="Wilson"/><ref>, Hector MacPherson, Jr., Popular Astronomy, vol. 13 (1905), pp.306-308. The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 308.</ref> *1893 – ]<ref>, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 6 (1894), No. 34, p.66</ref>
⚫ *1894 – ]<ref name="Wilson" />
⚫ *1893 - ]<ref>, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 6 (1894), No. 34, p.66</ref>
*1894 - ]<ref name="Wilson"/> *1896 – ]<ref name="Wilson" />
*1896 - ]<ref name="Wilson"/> *1898 – ]<ref name="Wilson" />
*1898 - ]<ref name="Wilson"/> *1900 – ]<ref name="Wilson" />
*1900 - ]<ref name="Wilson"/> *1902 – ]<ref name="Wilson" />
*1902 - ]<ref name="Wilson"/> *1904 – ]<ref name="Wilson" />
*1905 – ]<ref name="Wilson" /> (silver-gilt award)<ref>The 1905 statement in ''Comptes rendus'' relating to this award stated that the gold medal award would be made in 1906, but that an award of a silver medal would be made in 1905 to ]. See the 1905 volumes of '']''.</ref>
*1904 - ]<ref name="Wilson"/>
*1905 - ]<ref name="Wilson"/> *1906 – ]<ref name="Wilson" />
*1906 - ]<ref name="Wilson"/> *1908 – ]<ref name="Wilson" />
*1908 - ]<ref name="Wilson"/> *1910 – ]<ref name="Wilson" />
*1910 - ]<ref name="Wilson"/> *1912 – ]<ref name="Wilson" />
*1914 – ]<ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-0-387-30400-7_714 | doi=10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_714 | chapter=Jarry‐Desloges, René | title=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers | year=2007 | last1=Fuentes | first1=Patrick | pages=589–590 | isbn=978-0-387-31022-0 }}</ref>
⚫ *1912 - ]<ref name="Wilson"/>
*1928 - ]<ref>, Paul W. Merril, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 71 (1959), No. 421, p.305</ref> *1916 – ]<ref>, Popular Astronomy, Vol. 25, 1917, p.214-216. The Janssen Medal is mentioned on page 215, along with a note about two silver medals awarded to Fabry's colleagues at the Marseilles Observatory, ] and ].</ref>
*1918 – ]<ref name="Comptes rendu">The citations for all these recipients are located in the corresponding issue of '']'' for the year of the award.</ref>
⚫ *1935 - ]<ref>, F. J. M. Stratton, The Observatory, Vol. 76, p. 139-140 (1956)</ref>
*1920 – ]<ref>, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 33, No. 192, pp.120–122 (1921). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 122.</ref>
⚫ *1936 - ]<ref>, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007, accessed 23 Jan 2011</ref>
*1955 - ]<ref>, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 68, No. 400, pp.84-85 (1956)</ref> *1922 – ]<ref>, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, December 1922 issue, pp.476–478</ref>
*1924 – ]<ref>, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 36, No. 214, pp.360–363 (1924). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 362.</ref>
⚫ *1964 - ]<ref>{{fr}} , French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011</ref>
*1926 – ]<ref name="Comptes rendu"/>
⚫ *1976 - ]<ref>, A. Noels, The Messenger, vol. 54, p.10 (1988)</ref>
*1982 - ]<ref>, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 16, p.246 (1984)</ref> *1928 – ]<ref>, Paul W. Merril, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 71 (1959), No. 421, p.305</ref>
*1930 – ]<ref name="Comptes rendu"/>
⚫ *1994 - ]<ref>, C. R. Acad. Sci., Sér. Gén., Vie Sci., Tome 11, No. 5, p. 412 (1994)</ref>
*2003 - ]<ref name="general"/> *1932 – ]<ref name="Comptes rendu"/>
⚫ *1934 – ]<ref>, F. J. M. Stratton, The Observatory, Vol. 76, p. 139-140 (1956)</ref>
⚫ *2007 - ]<ref>{{fr}} , French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011</ref>
⚫ *1936 – ]<ref>, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007, accessed 23 January 2011</ref>
*1938 – ]<ref name="Comptes rendu"/>
*1940 – ]<ref name="Comptes rendu"/>
*1943 – ]<ref name="Comptes rendu"/>
*1944 – ]<ref name="Comptes rendu"/>
*1946 – ]<ref name="Comptes rendu"/>
*1949 – ]<ref name="Comptes rendu"/>
*1952 – ]<ref name="Comptes rendu"/>
⚫ *1955 – ]<ref>, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 68, No. 400, pp.84–85 (1956)</ref>
*1958 – ]<ref name="Comptes rendu"/>
*1961 – ]<ref>{{in lang|fr}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309222148/http://www.francquifoundation.be/fr/Rapport%20Jury%20Swings_fr.htm |date=9 March 2012 }}, Fondation Francqui-Stichting website, accessed 24 January 2011</ref>
⚫ *1964 – ]<ref>{{in lang|fr}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207140622/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/membres/d/denisse_jf.htm |date=7 February 2011 }}, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23 January 2011</ref>
*1967 – ]<ref>, Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography (2008), retrieved 26 January 2011 from Encyclopedia.com</ref>
*1970 – ]<ref>{{in lang|fr}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205011552/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/membres/w/Wlerick_Gerard.htm |date=5 December 2008 }}, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 28 January 2011</ref>
*1973 – ]<ref>''Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences: Sciences mathématiques'', Volume 277, page 128 (1973)</ref> (silver-gilt award)<ref>The ''Comptes rendus'' citation refers to the award as a ''"médaille en ]"'' – i.e. the award was not a full gold medal.</ref>
⚫ *1976 – ]<ref>, A. Noels, The Messenger, vol. 54, p.10 (1988)</ref>
*1979 – ]<ref>, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Vie Acad., Tome 289, p. 95 (1979)</ref>
*1982 – ]<ref>, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 16, p.246 (1984)</ref>
*1985 – Pierre Lacroute<ref>, Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)</ref>
⚫ *1988 – ].<ref>{{in lang|fr}} {{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23 January 2011</ref>
*1990 – Pierre Charvin<ref>, Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)</ref>
*1992 – ]<ref>, Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)</ref>
⚫ *1994 – ]<ref>, C. R. Acad. Sci., Sér. Gén., Vie Sci., Tome 11, No. 5, p. 412 (1994)</ref>
*1999 – ]
*2003 – ]<ref name="general"/>
⚫ *2007 – ]<ref>{{in lang|fr}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324145802/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/prix/prix_2007.htm |date=24 March 2010 }}, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23 January 2011</ref>
*2011 – ]<ref>{{in lang|fr}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525112325/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/activite/prix/laureat_janssen.pdf |date=25 May 2013 }}, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 03/05/2012</ref>
*2019 – ]

The list above is complete up to 2019.

==See also==


* ]
⚫ Others who have received the award include ].<ref>{{fr}} , French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23/01/2011</ref>


==References== ==References==
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==External links== ==External links==
*{{fr}} , includes a description of the Janssen Medal (French Academy of Sciences) *{{in lang|fr}} , includes a description of the Janssen Medal (French Academy of Sciences)
*{{fr}} (Paris Institute of Astrophysics) *{{in lang|fr}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125105109/http://www.iap.fr/Actualites/Archives/LaUneArticles/2008/Distinctions/Distinctions.html |date=25 November 2015 }} (Paris Institute of Astrophysics)


] ]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 21:08, 27 March 2024

Award for advances in astrophysics

The Janssen Medal is an astrophysics award presented by the French Academy of Sciences to those who have made advances in this area of science.

The award was founded in 1886, though the first medal was not awarded until a year later. The commission formed to decide on the first recipient of the medal selected the German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff for his work on the science of spectroscopy. However, Kirchhoff died aged 63 on 17 October 1887, a few months before the award would have been announced. Rather than chose a new recipient for the award, the commission announced at the Academy's session of 26 December 1887 that the inaugural medal would be placed on his grave, in "supreme honour of the memory of this great scholar of Heidelberg".

The award had been intended to be biennial, but was awarded in 1888 and again in 1889. A statement in the 1889 volume of Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences clarified that the award would be presented annually for the first seven years, and then biennially from 1894 onwards.

This award is distinct from the Prix Jules Janssen (created in 1897), an annual award presented by the French Astronomical Society. Both awards are named for the French astronomer Pierre Janssen (1824–1907) (better known as Jules Janssen). Janssen founded the Academy award, and was a member of the inaugural commission.

Laureates

The list above is complete up to 2019.

See also

References

  1. ^ (in French) Les Prix Thematiques en Sciences de l'Univers Archived 24 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23 January 2011
  2. (in French) Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (1887), pp.1322–1323. The French phrase partially translated here is: "L'Académie voudra donner à la mémoire du grand savant d'Heidelberg ce suprême hommage, qui sera une première consécration de sa gloire et une consolation pour sa famille."
  3. (in French) Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences (1889), pp.1095–1096
  4. ^ "General Notes". Popular Astronomy. 21: 377. 1913. Bibcode:1913PA.....21..377. This gives all the Janssen Medal awards between 1887 and 1912 that were known to US astronomer Ralph E. Wilson (1886–1960) the author of the note.
  5. Becker, Barbara J. (3 January 2008). "Huggins, Sir William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34039. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  6. Poor, John M. (1908). "Charles Augustus Young". Popular Astronomy. 16: 218. Bibcode:1908PA.....16..218P. The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 229.
  7. MacPherson, Hector Jr. (1905). "Pietro Tacchini". Popular Astronomy. 13: 306. Bibcode:1905PA.....13..306M. The Janssen Medal award is mentioned on page 308.
  8. Award of the JANSSEN Prize to Dr. LANGLEY, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 6 (1894), No. 34, p.66
  9. The 1905 statement in Comptes rendus relating to this award stated that the gold medal award would be made in 1906, but that an award of a silver medal would be made in 1905 to Gaston Millochau. See the 1905 volumes of Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences.
  10. Fuentes, Patrick (2007). "Jarry‐Desloges, René". The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. pp. 589–590. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30400-7_714. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0.
  11. General Notes, Popular Astronomy, Vol. 25, 1917, p.214-216. The Janssen Medal is mentioned on page 215, along with a note about two silver medals awarded to Fabry's colleagues at the Marseilles Observatory, Henri Buisson and Henry Bourget.
  12. ^ The citations for all these recipients are located in the corresponding issue of Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences for the year of the award.
  13. General Notes, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 33, No. 192, pp.120–122 (1921). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 122.
  14. Notes, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, December 1922 issue, pp.476–478
  15. General Notes, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 36, No. 214, pp.360–363 (1924). The reference to the Janssen Medal is on page 362.
  16. William Hammond Wright, 1871–1959, Paul W. Merril, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 71 (1959), No. 421, p.305
  17. Walter S. Adams, 1876–1956, F. J. M. Stratton, The Observatory, Vol. 76, p. 139-140 (1956)
  18. RUSSELL, Henry Norris, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007, accessed 23 January 2011
  19. General Notes, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 68, No. 400, pp.84–85 (1956)
  20. (in French) Pol Swings – Curriculum Vitae Archived 9 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Fondation Francqui-Stichting website, accessed 24 January 2011
  21. (in French) Jean-François Denisse Archived 7 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23 January 2011
  22. Strömgren, Bengt Georg Daniel, Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography (2008), retrieved 26 January 2011 from Encyclopedia.com
  23. (in French) Gérard Wlérick Archived 5 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 28 January 2011
  24. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences: Sciences mathématiques, Volume 277, page 128 (1973)
  25. The Comptes rendus citation refers to the award as a "médaille en vermeil" – i.e. the award was not a full gold medal.
  26. Paul Ledoux (1914–1988), A. Noels, The Messenger, vol. 54, p.10 (1988)
  27. J. Delhaye received the Prix Jules-César Janssen, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Vie Acad., Tome 289, p. 95 (1979)
  28. Observatory Reports: Université de Montréal, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 16, p.246 (1984)
  29. , Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)
  30. (in French) Lodewijk Woltjer, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23 January 2011
  31. , Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)
  32. , Copied pages listing Janssen Medal winners (in French)
  33. Serge Koutchmy received la médaille Janssen, C. R. Acad. Sci., Sér. Gén., Vie Sci., Tome 11, No. 5, p. 412 (1994)
  34. (in French) Laureats des Prix de l'Academie des Sciences en 2007 Archived 24 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 23 January 2011
  35. (in French) Francois Mignard Archived 25 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, French Academy of Sciences website, accessed 03/05/2012

External links

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