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{{Short description|Muhammad's ninth wife (c. 589/594 – 664)}}
{{WivesMuhammad}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Umm Habiba<br />{{small|]}}
| native_name = {{lang|ar|أم حبيبة بنت أبي سفيان}}
| birth_name = Ramla bint Abi Sufyan
| birth_date = {{circa|589 or 594 ]}}
| birth_place = ], ], Arabia <br/>{{small|(present-day ])}}
| death_date = 45 ]; {{circa|664 CE}}
| death_place = ], Hejaz, ] {{small|(present-day Saudi Arabia)}}
| resting_place = ], Medina
| title = ʾUmm ul-mumineen
| known_for = ] of ]
| spouse = {{bulleted list|] ({{abbr|m.|married}} before 615 – {{small|until his death around}} 627)|] ({{abbr|m.|married}} 628 – {{small|until his death in}} 632)}}
| children = ]
| relatives = {{ubl|] {{small|(half-brother)}}|] {{small|(half-brother)}}|] {{small|(second cousin)}}|] {{small|(second cousin)}}}}
| father = ]
| mother = ]
| family = {{ubl|] {{small|(by birth)}}|] {{small|(by marriage)}}}}
}}


'''Ramla bint Abi Sufyan ibn Harb''' ({{langx|ar|رَمْلَة بِنْت أَبِي سُفْيَان ٱبْن حَرْب|translit=Ramla bint Abī Sufyān ibn Ḥarb}}; {{circa|589 or 594–665}}), commonly known by her {{transliteration|ar|]}} '''Umm Habiba''' ({{langx|ar|أُمُّ حَبِيبَة|translit=Umm Ḥabība}}), was a ].
'''Ramlah bint Abu Sufyan''', رملة بنت أبي سفيان, aka '''Umm Habiba''', أم حبيبة, was the daughter of ].


==Early life== ==Early life==
She was born in circa 589 or 594.<ref name=":0" /> She was the daughter of ] and ].<ref name=":0"></ref> Abu Sufyan was the chief of the ], and he was the leader of the whole ] tribe and the most powerful opponent of Muhammad in the period 624–630. However, he later accepted Islam and became a Muslim warrior. The first ] ], ], was Ramla's half-brother, and ] was her maternal first cousin<ref>Muhammad ibn Jarir Al-Tabari, ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk'' vol. 39. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). ''Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors'', p. 177. New York: State University of New York Press.</ref> and paternal second cousin.
She was the daughter of ] and ], the leader of ] and the most powerful enemy of Muhammad for most of his life. Her brother was ]. She was the aunt of ].


==Marriage with Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh== ==Marriage to Ubayd Allah ibn Jahsh==
⚫ Her first husband was ],<ref name="Islam online"></ref> a brother of ], whom Muhammad also married.


Ubayd-Allah and Ramla were among the first people to accept Islam. In 616,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.wikipedia.org/Second_migration_to_Abyssinia | title=Second migration to Abyssinia }}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=September 2023}} in order to avoid hostilities from ], they both ] (]), where she gave birth to her daughter, ].<ref name="Islam online"/>
⚫ Her first husband, ], was among the first people to accept Islam. He was the brother of ], whom Muhammad married at some point.


In Abyssinia, Ubayd-Allah converted to ].<ref name="Islam online"/> He tried to persuade Ramla to do the same, but she held on to ]. His conversion led to their separation (Ibn Hajar, Al-Isabah, vol. 4, p.&nbsp;305).<ref name= "Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani, ''Al-Isabah fi Tamyiz as-Sahabah''">{{cite book|title=Al-Isabah fi Tamyiz as-Sahabah|author=Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani|location=Beirut|publisher=Dar 'Ihya' at-Turath al-'Arabi|edition=1}}</ref>
==Emigration to Abyssinia==

She and her husband ] (]) to flee the persecution against Muslims by the Meccans. She gave birth to her daughter, ], in Abyssinia.

Later in Abyssinia her husband converted back to his previous religion, ], the religion of the ]s. He tried to persuade her to do the same, but she held on to ]. Her husband gave up the Muslim rules, and started drinking, which led to their divorce. She continued to live in Abyssinia with her daughter. Her ex-husband died in Abyssinia.


==Marriage to Muhammad== ==Marriage to Muhammad==
Muhammad sent Ramla a proposal of marriage, which arrived on the day she completed her ''Iddah'' (widow's waiting period).<ref>Landau-Tasseron/Tabari p. 178.</ref>


The marriage ceremony took place in Abyssinia even though Muhammad was not present. Ramla chose ] as her legal guardian at the ceremony. The ''Negus'' (King) of Abyssinia read out the ] himself, and ] made a speech in reply. The Negus gave Khalid a dower of 400 ''dinars'' and hosted a huge wedding feast after the ceremony. He also sent ] and ] to the bride through the slave Barrah.<ref name="Islam online"/> Muhammad did not give a dower larger than this to any of his other wives.<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref>
Muhammad had learned about what had happened to her and decided to propose to her, and she happily accepted it. Muhammad married her and afforded protection to her, although the hope of any change in Abu Sufyan's attitude did not materialize. The marriage ceremony took place in Abyssinia even though Muhammad was not present.


The Negus then arranged to send all thirty of the remaining immigrant Muslims back to Arabia. They travelled to ] in two boats.<ref>Muhammad ibn Ishaq, ''Sirat Rasul Allah''. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). ''The Life of Muhammad'', pp. 527-530. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref> ] accompanied Ramla on this journey.{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} According to some sources, she married Muhammad one year after the ], though she did not live with him until six years later, when Muhammad was sixty years old and she was thirty-five.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802065553/http://www.islamawareness.net/Muhammed/ibn_kathir_wives.html |date=2013-08-02 }}</ref> Tabari writes that her marriage took place in 7 A.H. (628) when "she was thirty-odd years old."<ref name="Landau-Tasseron/Tabari, p. 180">Tirmadhi 2226, Musnad Ahmed 12039</ref>
She was married to prophet ] one year after the ]. Though she didn't live with him until six years later when Muhammad was sixty years old and she was thirty-five.


⚫ ==Life in Medina==
] was chosen by her to act as her legal guardian at the marriage ceremony. The ] read out the Khutba himself, and ] also made a speech in reply. On behalf of Muhammad, the Negus offered a dowry of four hundred dinars to Khalid. The Negus also gave a huge wedding feast on behalf of Muhammad.


On one occasion, Abu Sufyan visited his daughter Ramla in her house in Medina. "As he went to sit on the apostle’s carpet she folded it up so that he could not sit on it. 'My dear daughter,' he said, 'I hardly know if you think that the carpet is too good for me or that I am too good for the carpet!' She replied: 'It is the apostle’s carpet and you are an unclean polytheist. I do not want you to sit on the apostle’s carpet.' 'By God,' he said, 'since you left me you have gone to the bad.'"<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq, p. 543.</ref><ref name="Glubb">John Glubb, The Life and Times of Muhammad, Lanham 1998, p. 304-310.</ref>
⚫ ==Return to Medina==


⚫ Ramla died in the year 45 A.H. (664 or 665 C.E.) during the rule of her half-brother, Muawiyah I.<ref name="Landau-Tasseron/Tabari, p. 180"/> She was buried in the ] cemetery next to other wives of Muhammad.<ref name="Islam online"/>
The ] made arrangements to send her to Medina by boat. ] accompanied Umm Habibah in her journey. She was able to return to Medina six years after the marriage ceremony.

⚫ She died in the year ] or ] (40 or 44 A.H), during the Caliphate of her brother, ] and was buried in the ] cemetery next to all the wives of Muhammad.


==Legacy== ==Legacy==
Muslim sources consider her a very charitable and virtuous woman with great courage. There are about sixty-five ] which are said to have been narrated by her. The ] and ] agreed on two of them. The ] literature includes about sixty-five hadiths narrated by Ramla. ] and ] agreed on two of them, and Muslim took two of them alone.<ref name="Islam online"/>

==External links==


==References==
*
{{Reflist}}


{{Wives of Muhammad}}
⚫ ]
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Sufyan, Ramla bint Abi}}
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Latest revision as of 02:20, 27 November 2024

Muhammad's ninth wife (c. 589/594 – 664)
Umm Habiba
Mother of the Believers
أم حبيبة بنت أبي سفيان
BornRamla bint Abi Sufyan
c. 589 or 594 CE
Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia
(present-day Saudi Arabia)
Died45 AH; c. 664 CE
Medina, Hejaz, Umayyad Caliphate (present-day Saudi Arabia)
Resting placeJannat al-Baqi, Medina
Known forNinth wife of Muhammad
TitleʾUmm ul-mumineen
Spouses
ChildrenHabibah bint Ubayd Allah
Parents
Relatives
Family

Ramla bint Abi Sufyan ibn Harb (Arabic: رَمْلَة بِنْت أَبِي سُفْيَان ٱبْن حَرْب, romanized: Ramla bint Abī Sufyān ibn Ḥarb; c. 589 or 594–665), commonly known by her kunya Umm Habiba (Arabic: أُمُّ حَبِيبَة, romanized: Umm Ḥabība), was a wife of Muhammad.

Early life

She was born in circa 589 or 594. She was the daughter of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and Safiyyah bint Abi al-'As. Abu Sufyan was the chief of the Umayya clan, and he was the leader of the whole Quraysh tribe and the most powerful opponent of Muhammad in the period 624–630. However, he later accepted Islam and became a Muslim warrior. The first Umayyad caliph, Muawiyah I, was Ramla's half-brother, and Uthman ibn Affan was her maternal first cousin and paternal second cousin.

Marriage to Ubayd Allah ibn Jahsh

Her first husband was Ubayd Allah ibn Jahsh, a brother of Zaynab bint Jahsh, whom Muhammad also married.

Ubayd-Allah and Ramla were among the first people to accept Islam. In 616, in order to avoid hostilities from Quraish, they both emigrated to Abyssinia (Ethiopia), where she gave birth to her daughter, Habibah bint Ubayd-Allah.

In Abyssinia, Ubayd-Allah converted to Christianity. He tried to persuade Ramla to do the same, but she held on to Islam. His conversion led to their separation (Ibn Hajar, Al-Isabah, vol. 4, p. 305).

Marriage to Muhammad

Muhammad sent Ramla a proposal of marriage, which arrived on the day she completed her Iddah (widow's waiting period).

The marriage ceremony took place in Abyssinia even though Muhammad was not present. Ramla chose Khalid ibn Said as her legal guardian at the ceremony. The Negus (King) of Abyssinia read out the Khutba himself, and Khalid ibn Said made a speech in reply. The Negus gave Khalid a dower of 400 dinars and hosted a huge wedding feast after the ceremony. He also sent musk and ambergris to the bride through the slave Barrah. Muhammad did not give a dower larger than this to any of his other wives.

The Negus then arranged to send all thirty of the remaining immigrant Muslims back to Arabia. They travelled to Medina in two boats. Shurahbil ibn Hasana accompanied Ramla on this journey. According to some sources, she married Muhammad one year after the Hijra, though she did not live with him until six years later, when Muhammad was sixty years old and she was thirty-five. Tabari writes that her marriage took place in 7 A.H. (628) when "she was thirty-odd years old."

Life in Medina

On one occasion, Abu Sufyan visited his daughter Ramla in her house in Medina. "As he went to sit on the apostle’s carpet she folded it up so that he could not sit on it. 'My dear daughter,' he said, 'I hardly know if you think that the carpet is too good for me or that I am too good for the carpet!' She replied: 'It is the apostle’s carpet and you are an unclean polytheist. I do not want you to sit on the apostle’s carpet.' 'By God,' he said, 'since you left me you have gone to the bad.'"

Ramla died in the year 45 A.H. (664 or 665 C.E.) during the rule of her half-brother, Muawiyah I. She was buried in the Jannat al-Baqi cemetery next to other wives of Muhammad.

Legacy

The Hadith literature includes about sixty-five hadiths narrated by Ramla. Muhammad al-Bukhari and Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj agreed on two of them, and Muslim took two of them alone.

References

  1. ^ الشبكة الإسلامية - (9) أم حبيبة رملة بنت أبي سفيان رضي الله عنها
  2. Muhammad ibn Jarir Al-Tabari, Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk vol. 39. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors, p. 177. New York: State University of New York Press.
  3. ^ Islam online
  4. "Second migration to Abyssinia".
  5. Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani. Al-Isabah fi Tamyiz as-Sahabah (1 ed.). Beirut: Dar 'Ihya' at-Turath al-'Arabi.
  6. Landau-Tasseron/Tabari p. 178.
  7. Ibn Hisham note 918.
  8. Muhammad ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad, pp. 527-530. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  9. Ibn Kathir, The Wives of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Archived 2013-08-02 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Tirmadhi 2226, Musnad Ahmed 12039
  11. Guillaume/Ishaq, p. 543.
  12. John Glubb, The Life and Times of Muhammad, Lanham 1998, p. 304-310.
Wives of Muhammad
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