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'''Pukaskwa Pits''' are rock-lined depressions near the northern shore of ] dug by early inhabitants,{{Sfn|Chisholm|Gutsche|1998|page=136-7}} ancestors of the ],{{Sfn|Park Wardens|2013}} named after the ] in Ontario, Canada. Estimates of their age range from as recent as 1100-1600 CE,{{Sfn|Chisholm|Gutsche|1998|page=136-7}}{{Sfn|Linder|2006}} to as ancient as 3000-8000 BCE.{{Sfn|Chisholm|Gutsche|1998|page=136-7}}{{Sfn|Park Wardens|2013}}
'''Pukaskwa Pits''' are small holes dug in the ground by ancestors of the ],<ref name="ParkWardens"></ref> named after the ], near ]. Estimations of the dates of their digging range from between 1100 and 1600 CE on the near end,<ref></ref> to 3,000 to 8,000 BCE on the far end.<ref name="ParkWardens"/>


==Description== ==Description and purpose==
These rock-lined pits are dug in ] beaches and are about one to two meters long and one and a half meter deep. Theories about the purpose of these pits range from hunting blinds to food storage pits to spiritual sites. The existence of these pits came into academic light in 1949, and was studied by the ], ] and ].<ref>Breining, Greg (2000). . (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press). ISBN 0816631425.</ref> These rock-lined pits are dug in ] beaches and are about one to two metres long and one and a half metre deep. The pits came to academic light in 1949, and were studied by the ], ] and ].{{Sfn|Breining|2000}} Theories about the purpose of these pits range from hunting blinds to food storage pits to spiritual sites. The larger pits or "lodges" may have been seasonal dwellings with domed coverings. The smaller pits may have been used to cook food or smoke fish,{{Sfn|Chisholm|Gutsche|1998|page=136-7}} but this seems unlikely, since there is never any sign of a hearth or fire-cracked rock close at hand.

Although no archaeological evidence suggests the pits were used ceremonially, their location near spectacular, panoramic views of the lake have suggested a popular theory calling them "thunderbird nests" used for "vision quests".

A new theory suggests that Pukaskwa Pits were used as ice houses: in the spring, beach ice may have been piled into them along with fish or game to be frozen well into the summer.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.academia.edu/37613427 | title=The Search for North America's Oldest Shipwreck, updated | last1=McWilliam | first1=Scott }}</ref>


==Pukaskwa National Park== ==Pukaskwa National Park==
{{Main|Pukaskwa National Park}}
] was established in 1971 to protect a large clustering of these Pukaskwa pits.<ref></ref> Pukaskwa National Park was established in 1978 to protect a large clustering of these Pukaskwa pits.{{Sfn|Encyclopædia Britannica|2011}}

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|30em}}


==References== == References ==
{{refbegin}}
<references/>
* {{citation |last=Breining |first=Greg |year=2000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jn6wpWv9_sC&dq=%22Pukaskwa+Pit%22&pg=RA1-PA46 |title=Wild Shore: Exploring Lake Superior by Kayak |location=Minneapolis |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |isbn=0-8166-3142-5 }}
* {{citation|last1=Chisholm|first1=B.|last2=Gutsche|first2=A|year=1998|title=Superior: Under the Shadow of the Gods|location=Toronto|publisher=Lynx Images|isbn=0-9698427-7-5|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/superiorundersha00chis}}
* {{citation |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9061864/Pukaskwa-National-Park |title=Pukaskwa National Park |date=28 November 2011 |access-date=8 November 2014 |ref={{SfnRef|Encyclopædia Britannica|2011}} }}
* {{citation |chapter-url=http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/superior/timeline.html |chapter=History of Lake Superior, A Timeline |title=Simply Superior: The World's Greatest Lake |first=Douglas O. |last=Linder |year=2006 |access-date=8 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060425071351/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/superior/timeline.html |archive-date=25 April 2006 |url-status=dead }}
* {{citation |url=http://www.parkwardens.com/wardenswork/cultural/2.html |title=The Mysterious Pukaskwa Pits and Other Cultural Sites on Lake Superior |year=2013 |access-date=8 November 2014 |work=Park Wardens |ref={{SfnRef|Park Wardens|2013}}}}
{{refend}}


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Latest revision as of 06:28, 16 October 2024

Pukaskwa Pits are rock-lined depressions near the northern shore of Lake Superior dug by early inhabitants, ancestors of the Ojibwa, named after the Pukaskwa River in Ontario, Canada. Estimates of their age range from as recent as 1100-1600 CE, to as ancient as 3000-8000 BCE.

Description and purpose

These rock-lined pits are dug in cobblestone beaches and are about one to two metres long and one and a half metre deep. The pits came to academic light in 1949, and were studied by the Royal Ontario Museum, University of Toronto and Lakehead University. Theories about the purpose of these pits range from hunting blinds to food storage pits to spiritual sites. The larger pits or "lodges" may have been seasonal dwellings with domed coverings. The smaller pits may have been used to cook food or smoke fish, but this seems unlikely, since there is never any sign of a hearth or fire-cracked rock close at hand.

Although no archaeological evidence suggests the pits were used ceremonially, their location near spectacular, panoramic views of the lake have suggested a popular theory calling them "thunderbird nests" used for "vision quests".

A new theory suggests that Pukaskwa Pits were used as ice houses: in the spring, beach ice may have been piled into them along with fish or game to be frozen well into the summer.

Pukaskwa National Park

Main article: Pukaskwa National Park

Pukaskwa National Park was established in 1978 to protect a large clustering of these Pukaskwa pits.

Footnotes

  1. ^ Chisholm & Gutsche 1998, p. 136-7.
  2. ^ Park Wardens 2013.
  3. Linder 2006.
  4. Breining 2000.
  5. McWilliam, Scott. "The Search for North America's Oldest Shipwreck, updated".
  6. Encyclopædia Britannica 2011.

References

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