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{{Short description|Iranian state-owned English-language news network}} | |||
{{POV|date=December 2010}} | |||
{{pp-move-indef}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}} | |||
{{Infobox TV channel | |||
{{Infobox television channel | |||
| name= Press TV | |||
| name = Press TV | |||
| logofile=PressTV.png | |||
| logo = Press Tv logo.svg | |||
| logoalt= | |||
| logo_alt = | |||
| logosize=194px | |||
| type = ] | |||
| slogan= | |||
| logo_size = 200px | |||
| launch=July 2, 2007 | |||
| launch_date = {{start date and age|df=yes|2007|7|8}} | |||
| owner= ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irib.ir/English/AboutUs/index.php|title=About Us|publisher=]|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/middle_east/country_profiles/790877.stm|title=Country Profile: Iran|date=30 November 2009|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref> | |||
| closed_date = | |||
| key_people =], ] | |||
| owner = ] | |||
| former names = | |||
| sister_channels = ]<br /> ] | |||
| sister names= | |||
| |
| area = Worldwide | ||
| country = ] | |||
| language = ], ]<ref>http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=129961§ionid=3510212</ref> | |||
| language = English & French | |||
| country = {{IRN}} | |||
| |
| picture_format = ], ] (])<br />] (]) | ||
] (]) | |||
| web = and | |||
| |
| headquarters = ], ] | ||
| website = {{Official URL}} | |||
| sat chan 1 = 12706 / 22500 / 3/4 V | |||
| terr_serv_1 = Jamaran | |||
| sat serv 2 = ]<br/><small>]</small> | |||
| terr_chan_1 = CH43 UHF Digital (SD) | |||
| sat chan 2 = 12352 / 30000 / 3/4 V | |||
| terr_serv_2 = Alvand | |||
| sat serv 3 = ]<br/><small>]</small> | |||
| terr_chan_2 = CH34 UHF Digital (Full HD) | |||
| sat chan 3 = 3660 / 27500 / 3/4 V | |||
| terr_serv_3 = Zuku TV (Kenya) | |||
| sat serv 4 = ]<br/><small>] & ]</small> | |||
| terr_chan_3 = Channel 563 (Zuku Fiber only) | |||
| sat chan 4 = 12562 / 26657 / 1/2 H | |||
| sat serv 5 = ]<br/><small>]</small> | |||
| sat chan 5 = 11555 / 27500 / 3/4 V | |||
| sat serv 6 = ]<br/><small>]</small> | |||
| sat chan 6 = 10761 / 2050 / Auto H | |||
| sat serv 7 = ]<br/><small>]</small> | |||
| sat chan 7 = 10757/ 27500 / 3/4 V | |||
| sat serv 8 = ]<br/><small>]</small> | |||
| sat chan 8 = 12054 / 27500 3/4 V | |||
| sat serv 9 = ]<br/><small>]</small> | |||
| sat chan 9 = 12437 / 27500 / 3/4 H & 12015 / 27500 / 3/4 H | |||
| sat serv 10 = ]<br/><small>]</small> | |||
| sat chan 10 = 12172 / 27500 / 3/4 H | |||
| sat serv 11 = ]<br/><small>]</small> | |||
| sat chan 11 = 12053 / 22000 / 3/4 V | |||
| sat serv 12 = ]<br/><small>]</small> | |||
| sat chan 12 = 11222 / 27500 / 2/3 H | |||
| sat serv 13 = ]<br/><small>]</small> | |||
| sat chan 13 = 12460 / 27500 / 3/4 H | |||
| sat serv 14 = ]<br/><small>]</small> | |||
| sat chan 14 = 11152 / 2892 / 5/6 H | |||
| sat serv 15 = ]<br/><small>]</small> | |||
| sat chan 15 = 12303 / 27500 / 3/4 H | |||
| sat serv 16 = ]<br/><small>]</small> | |||
| sat chan 16 = 12284 / 27500 / 3/4 H | |||
| sat serv 17 = ]<br/><small>]</small> | |||
| sat chan 17 = 11604 / 45000 / 3/4 H | |||
| sat serv 18 = ] | |||
| sat chan 18 = Channel 515 | |||
| online serv 1 = Live Webcast | |||
| online chan 1 = | |||
| online serv 2 = ] | |||
| online chan 2 = <br><small>(free ] stream)</small> | |||
| online serv 3 = ] | |||
| online chan 3 = | |||
| online serv 4 = ] channel | |||
| online chan 4 = | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Press TV''' (stylised as '''PRESSTV''') is an Iranian ] propaganda outlet that broadcasts in the English and French languages owned by ] (IRIB), the only organization legally able to transmit radio and TV broadcasts in Iran.<ref name="Atl20130206">{{cite news|last=Abad-Santos|first=Alexander|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/02/iran-state-tv-sanctions/318616/|title=The Most Ridiculous Propaganda from Iran's State TV Before Our New Sanctions|work=The Atlantic|date=6 February 2013|access-date=13 July 2020|archive-date=13 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713124642/https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/02/iran-state-tv-sanctions/318616/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ABC20200625">{{cite news|last=Gambrell|first=Jon|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/report-iran-tv-airs-355-coerced-confessions-decade-71442899|title=Report: Iran TV airs 355 coerced confessions over decade|work=ABC News|agency=Associated Press|date=25 June 2020|access-date=13 July 2020|archive-date=13 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713145655/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/report-iran-tv-airs-355-coerced-confessions-decade-71442899|url-status=live}}</ref> The 24-hour channel, which has headquarters in ], was launched on 8 July 2007 and was intended to compete with western English language services.<ref name="NYT20070703" /><ref name="BBC20070702">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6260716.stm |title=Iran launches English TV channel |access-date=6 August 2007 |date=2 July 2007 |publisher=] |archive-date=25 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325041104/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6260716.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="CNN20070730" /> | |||
'''Press TV''' is a 24-hour ] ] ]. Its headquarters are located in ], with worldwide bureaus in ] (]),<ref>http://edition.presstv.ir/program/167133.html</ref> ] (]),{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}} ] (]), ] (])<ref>http://www.presstv.com/section/3510543.html</ref> and ] (]).<ref>http://www.presstv.com/section/3510502.html</ref> | |||
==Background and purpose== | |||
Press TV carries news analysis, documentary talk shows and sports news worldwide with special focus on ], ], and the ]. Press TV is available in most parts of the world via 13 ],<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/Frequencies.html</ref> as well as ]<ref>http://bristol.indymedia.org/article/689459</ref> and ]. It is ] for almost all of its viewers, although some cable companies include it on their platforms. Live video, audio, and ] ] is also available on its website. In 2010 the International Commission for Human Rights in Iran identified Press TV as being part of the Iranian regime's intelligence apparatus, and that Press TV collaborated with human rights violations to publicise forced confessions of dissidents. <ref> </ref> | |||
], ]]] | |||
Iran's first international English-language TV channel was established in 1976.<ref name=":0b">{{Cite web|url=http://cinemapress.ir/news/95191/نقش-شبکه-های-برون-مرزی-سیما-در-تعمیق-پیوندهای-منطقه-ای|title=نقش شبکه های برون مرزی سیما در تعمیق پیوندهای منطقه ای|date=2018-03-06|website=اخبار سینمای ایران و جهان - سینماپرس|language=fa|access-date=2019-02-28}}</ref> Later in 1997, ] was launched by ], broadcasting in multiple languages including English.<ref name=":0b" /> | |||
Press TV was created on 8 July 2007, for the purpose of presenting news, images and arguments, especially on Middle Eastern affairs, to counter the news coverage that appears on ], ] and ].<ref name="BBC20070702" /><ref name="CNN20070730">{{Cite news|last=Daftari|first=Amir A.|url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/07/10/press.tv/index.html|title=Iran launches 'alternative' news|work=CNN|date=30 July 2007|access-date=2019-02-28|archive-date=28 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228065954/http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/07/10/press.tv/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Press TV is state-funded and is a division of the ] (IRIB), the only organisation legally able to transmit radio and television broadcasts inside Iran.<ref name="Atl20130206" /><ref name="ABC20200625" /><ref name="NYT20070703">{{cite news|last=Fathi|first=Nazila|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/03/world/middleeast/03iran.html|title=Iran Expands Role in Media, via Satellite and in English|work=The New York Times|date=<!-- Tuesday -->3 July 2007|access-date=13 July 2020|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124055929/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/03/world/middleeast/03iran.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Based in Tehran,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mostaghim|first1=Ramin|last2=Daragahi|first2=Borzou|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-13-fg-presstv13-story.html|title=Iran starts its own English satellite news|work=Los Angeles Times|date=23 July 2007|access-date=3 September 2020|archive-date=21 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021170539/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-13-fg-presstv13-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> it broadcasts to North America, Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and areas of Africa and Latin America.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Rosenfeld|editor-first=Alvin H.|author-last=Tuchman|author-first=Ayeh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ibfkCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA367|title=Deciphering the New Antisemitism|location=Bloomington, Ind.|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2015|page=367|isbn=9780253018694|access-date=26 September 2020|archive-date=10 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310201406/https://books.google.com/books?id=ibfkCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA367|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
==Background== | |||
IRIB's head is appointed directly by the supreme leader, ] ]; according to '']'', it is close to the country's ], especially the ].<ref>{{cite news|last=Dehghan|first=Saeed Kamali|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2014/feb/06/iran-president-hassan-rouhani-healthcare-obamacare|title=Rouhanicare: Iran's president promises healthcare for all by 2018|work=The Guardian|date=6 February 2014|access-date=3 September 2020|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806130636/https://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2014/feb/06/iran-president-hassan-rouhani-healthcare-obamacare|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-09 |title=Will Iran's IRIB Be Sanctioned By The United States? |url=https://en.radiofarda.com/a/will-iran-s-irib-be-sanctioned-by-the-united-states-/30477964.html |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=] |language=en}}</ref> | |||
Mohammad Sarafraz (Press TV CEO), said in a June 2007 press conference that, "Since September 11, Western bias has divided the media into two camps: those that favour their policies make up one group and the rest of the media are attached to radical Islamic groups like ]. We want to show that there is a different view. Iran, and the Shi'ites in particular, have become a focal point of world propaganda. From the media point of view, we are trying to give a second eye to Western audiences."<ref>http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1182409649771&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter</ref> | |||
Press TV CEO ] said in a June 2007 press conference that, "Since September 11, Western bias has divided the media into two camps: those that favour their policies make up one group and the rest of the media are attached to radical Islamic groups like ]. We want to show that there is a different view. Iran, and the ] in particular, have become a focal point of world propaganda. From the media point of view, we are trying to give a second eye to Western audiences."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1182409649771&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter |title=Iran launches English TV news station |work=The Jerusalem Post |access-date=4 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111223113715/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1182409649771&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter |archive-date=23 December 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
The network's ] is "to heed the voices and perspectives of the people of the world; build bridges of ]; encourage human beings of different nationalities, races and creeds to identify with one another; bring to light untold and overlooked stories of individuals who have experienced ] firsthand."<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/About.html</ref> The head of Press TV ] explained that "our experience tells us that pictorial reflection of news and the use of images are more effective than discussion and analysis."<ref name="presstv.ir"/> | |||
By launching an English-language television network to promote an Iranian perspective of the world, together with an Arab-language station, the ], the Iranian government said it hoped "to address a global audience exposed to misinformation and mudslinging as regards the Islamic Republic of Iran."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gozaar.org/template1.php?id=1348&language=english|title=A Guided Tour of Press TV|last=Ekhtiari|first=Khosro|date=15 September 2009|publisher=Gozaar|access-date=29 December 2009|archive-date=26 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926224306/http://www.gozaar.org/template1.php?id=1348&language=english|url-status=live}}</ref> The two networks focus on "difficult issues in the Middle East such as the United States’ occupation of neighbouring Iraq and the Shia question."<ref name=samati>{{cite news|url=http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38417 |title=New TV Channel to Focus on Iraq, Shia Issues |last=Sanati |first=Kimia |date=4 July 2007 |publisher=] |access-date=29 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090121014222/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38417 |archive-date=21 January 2009 }}</ref> According to mediachannel.org, "the government aims to use Press TV to counter what it sees as a steady stream of Western propaganda against Iran as well as offer an alternative view of world news".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mediachannel.org/wordpress/2007/07/13/irans-press-tv-to-give-alternative-view/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091108084856/http://mediachannel.org/wordpress/2007/07/13/irans-press-tv-to-give-alternative-view/|url-status=dead|title=Mediachannel|archive-date=8 November 2009}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=July 2021}} | |||
===History of website and satellite TV launch=== | |||
The channel's website launched in late January 2007.<ref name="APBU">{{Cite web|url=http://www.abu.org.my/public/dsp_page.cfm?articleid=2631&urlsectionid=1061&specialsection=ART_FULL&pageid=247&PSID=3372|title=IRIB-Iran launches Press TV website|accessdate=2007-06-27|publisher=Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union|date=2007-01-24|author=]}}</ref> Test satellite transmissions were conducted in late April 2007. The launch date for the channel was July 3, 2007.<ref name="washingtonpost">{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/26/AR2007062600568.html|title=Iran Launches English Satellite Channel|accessdate=2007-06-27|publisher=]|date=2007-06-26|author=]}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> On March 18, 2009, Press TV launched a new website with a modified graphical user interface.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=88909§ionid=351020105|title=Press TV launches new website|date=17 March 2009|publisher=Press TV|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref> | |||
Press TV began its activities in London during 2007.<ref name=launches /> The network's website launched in late January 2007,<ref name="APBU">{{cite web|url=http://www.abu.org.my/public/dsp_page.cfm?articleid=2631&urlsectionid=1061&specialsection=ART_FULL&pageid=247&PSID=3372|title=IRIB-Iran launches Press TV website|access-date=27 June 2007|publisher=Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union|date=24 January 2007|work=ISNA|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220231442/http://www.abu.org.my/public/dsp_page.cfm?articleid=2631&urlsectionid=1061&specialsection=ART_FULL&pageid=247&PSID=3372|archive-date=20 December 2007}}</ref> and the channel itself on <!-- Monday -->2 July 2007.<ref name="NYT20070703" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Media Environment Guide: Iran |url=http://www.combatfilms.com/mediaoperations/Media%20Environment%20Guide%20Iran.pdf |access-date=21 December 2013 |publisher=BBC Monitoring |date=30 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801201438/http://www.combatfilms.com/mediaoperations/Media%20Environment%20Guide%20Iran.pdf |archive-date=1 August 2014 }}</ref> Roshan Muhammed Salih was Press TV's first London news editor and chief correspondent.<ref name=launches>{{cite web|url=http://www.arabmediawatch.com/amw/Articles/PressReleases/tabid/77/newsid391/5437/Press-TV-launches-on-Sky/Default.aspx |title=Press TV launches on Sky |last=Salih |first=Roshan Muhammed |date=1 December 2008 |publisher=Arab Media Watch |access-date=29 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081213134203/http://www.arabmediawatch.com/amw/Articles/PressReleases/tabid/77/newsid391/5437/Press-TV-launches-on-Sky/Default.aspx |archive-date=13 December 2008}}</ref> In an article for ''The Guardian'' in July 2009, Salih wrote that Press TV was "willing to give a platform to legitimate actors whom the western media will not touch, such as Hamas and Hezbollah".<ref>{{cite news|last=Salih|first=Roshan Muhammed|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/jul/14/press-tv-iran-ahmadinejad|title=Press TV speaks for itself|work=The Guardian|date=14 July 2009|access-date=5 October 2021}}</ref> | |||
==Funding and management== | |||
Press TV is state-funded<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/03/world/asia/03iht-web0703iran.6459744.html|title=Iran expands role in media, via satellite and in English|last=Fathi|first=Nazila|work=]|accessdate=29 December 2009 | date=2 July 2007}}</ref> and is a division of the ] (]). | |||
The BBC journalist Linda Pressly described Press TV as pro-Palestinian and opposed to ] in December 2011. At the time Press TV Ltd in London sold programmes to Iran, principally talk shows, while Tehran's Press TV International produced the majority of the news and documentaries.<ref name="BBC20111229">{{cite news|last=Pressly|first=Linda|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16317282|title=Iran's battle for TV influence takes shape on Press TV|work=BBC News|date=29 December 2011|access-date=13 July 2020|archive-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407043908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16317282|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
The annual budget of Press TV is 250 billion ] (more than 25 million ]).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mehrnews.com/fa/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=519985|title=بودجه پرس تیوی 25 میلیارد تومان است / میزان پخش فیلمهای ایرانی و خارجی متعادل میشود|publisher=Mehr News|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref> | |||
As of 2009, the annual budget of Press TV is 250 billion ] (more than US$8.3 million).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mehrnews.com/fa/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=519985|title=بودجه پرس تیوی 25 میلیارد تومان است / میزان پخش فیلمهای ایرانی و خارجی متعادل میشود|publisher=Mehr News|access-date=29 December 2009|archive-date=8 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308200620/http://www.mehrnews.com/fa/NewsDetail.aspx?NewsID=519985|url-status=live}}</ref> By then, the station was employing more than 400 throughout the world.<ref name="StPt2009">{{cite news|last=Weaver|first=Frances|url=https://standpointmag.co.uk/news-from-tehran-april-09-counterpoints/|title=News from Tehran|work=Standpoint|date=4 April 2009|access-date=12 January 2021|archive-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114163644/https://standpointmag.co.uk/news-from-tehran-april-09-counterpoints/|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Press TV broadcasts news reports and analyses which are close to the official position of the Iranian government, and its programmes are monitored and regulated by the Islamic Republic.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/jul/09/press-tv-iran-impartial|title=The Press TV pantomime|last=Freedman|first=Seth|date=13 July 2009 |work=] | location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.televisionwashington.com/floater_article1.aspx?lang=en&t=3&id=12749|title=Lawmaker slams Iran media control, praises US-funded broadcasters|date=4 August 2009|publisher=]|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref> Although there have been attempts to establish private, independent media outlets in Iran, notably by former Iranian Presidential candidate ], the 1979 Constitution of the Islamic Republic mandates that "all broadcasting must exclusively be government-operated."<ref name=samati>{{cite news|url=http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38417|title=New TV Channel to Focus on Iraq, Shia Issues|last=Sanati|first=Kimia|date=4 July 2007|publisher=]|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref> | |||
==Controversies== | |||
==Availability and viewership== | |||
===Pro-Iranian government bias=== | |||
Press TV's website has three URLs: , and . | |||
Press TV promotes ]<ref name="TmsLdn20200129" /> and has been described as ].<ref>{{cite news|last=Freedman|first=Seth|date=13 July 2009|title=The Press TV pantomime|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/jul/09/press-tv-iran-impartial|url-status=live|access-date=3 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411091349/http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/jul/09/press-tv-iran-impartial|archive-date=11 April 2013}}</ref> | |||
It has aired the ] of multiple prisoners, the basis for the revocation of its license to broadcast in the UK after such an incident.<ref name="OD20150518">{{cite news|last=Sadr|first=Shadi|date=18 May 2015|title=Documenting the perpetrators amongst the people|work=openDemocracy|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opensecurity/documenting-perpetrators-amongst-people/|url-status=live|access-date=13 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715172535/https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opensecurity/documenting-perpetrators-amongst-people/|archive-date=15 July 2020}}</ref> Press TV has disputed accusations{{which|date=September 2022}} made against it.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ullah|first=Areeb|date=14 January 2020|title=Google deletes Press TV UK's YouTube account|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/google-shuts-down-press-tv-uks-youtube-account|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117222903/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/google-shuts-down-press-tv-uks-youtube-account|archive-date=17 January 2021|access-date=2021-01-22|website=Middle East Eye|language=en}}</ref> | |||
Press TV is ] and is available via at least 13 satellites worldwide. This has enabled Press TV to be easily accessed by technically anyone who uses a satellite receiver to watch television programmes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presstv.com/frequency.aspx|title=Frequencies|publisher=Press TV|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref> | |||
Press TV's news bulletins often feature Iranian ministers, diplomats or government officials, or guest commentators that express views consistent with the Iranian government's "message of the day."<ref name="monthlyreview.org">{{cite web|url=http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2009/finkelstein030109.html|title=Interview with Norman G. Finkelstein: The First Goal of Israel Is to Restore the Fear of Israel in the Arab World|last=Press TV|date=1 March 2009|publisher=Monthly Review|access-date=12 January 2013|archive-date=17 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121217004344/http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2009/finkelstein030109.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=8809070566|title=Iran Terms IAEA Resolution "Politically Motivated"|date=28 November 2009|publisher=Fars News Agency|access-date=29 December 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301004248/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8809070566|archive-date=1 March 2012}}</ref> In 2012, commentator ] wrote that the station was the "Iranian government’s propaganda channel".<ref>{{cite news|last=Murray|first=Douglas|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/coffeehouse/7592013/push-off-now-press-tv-and-take-your-conspiracy-theories-with-you.thtml|title=Push off now, Press TV, and take your conspiracy theories with you|work=The Spectator|date=20 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123041822/http://www.spectator.co.uk/coffeehouse/7592013/push-off-now-press-tv-and-take-your-conspiracy-theories-with-you.thtml|archive-date=23 January 2012}}</ref> | |||
A video archive of Press TV's selected programs is also available on its website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presstv.com/archive|title=Press TV Archive|publisher=Press TV|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref> | |||
In a post-election "information offensive," reports the ], Press TV and Al-Alam have "churned out a blitz of policy statements, negotiating points and news breaks as the main soapboxes for Iran's public diplomacy."<ref>{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> | |||
Although there has been a ban on using satellite dishes in the Islamic Republic of Iran since 1995, Press TV is available in some Iranian homes because many Iranian families defy the ban and watch satellite TV programmes alongside or instead of the official state television channels.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iranfocus.com/en/special-wire/iran-police-hunt-banned-satellite-dishes-03400.html|title=Iran police hunt banned satellite dishes|date=20 August 2005|publisher=]|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2008/08/dont-expect-ira.html|title=Iran: Satellite dishes are illegal but oh-so-popular|last=Perry|first=Tony|date=1 August 2008|work=] (Babylon & Beyond blog)|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/middle-east/091216/iran-korea-tv|title=Iranians hooked on Korean TV drama|date=20 December 2009|publisher=Global Post|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/12/08/2765153.htm|title=Iran powerless to stop revolution by proxy|last=Robinson|first=Alex|date=8 December 2009|publisher=]|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref> | |||
In 2007, the Canadian weekly '']'', while observing that "most of Press TV's news reports are factually accurate," alleged that Press TV also publishes "intentional errors," citing a story on the Press TV website that contained the claim, based on "no evidence, that the Lebanese government is trying to convert the ] Palestinian refugee camp into an American military base."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.macleans.ca/world/global/article.jsp?content=20070730_107340_107340|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323034451/http://www.macleans.ca/world/global/article.jsp?content=20070730_107340_107340|url-status=dead|title=Macleans.ca - Canada's magazine|archivedate=23 March 2008}}</ref> | |||
Although the channel has never provided any statistics on viewership, in May 2009 Press TV CEO Mohammed Sarafraz claimed that "the number of Press TV's viewers is increasing on a daily basis."<ref name="presstv.ir">{{cite news|url=http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=95142§ionid=351020105|title=Press TV offers viewers new experience|date=18 May 2009|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref> | |||
In August 2009, ], the British broadcasting regulator, judged that two phone-in shows hosted by ] on Press TV had broken its broadcasting code on impartiality in their coverage of the ] by not including enough calls from pro-Israelis. Press TV said contributions to the show reflected the balance of opinion.<ref>BBC (3 August 2009). .</ref> | |||
==Coverage== | |||
Press TV offers round-the-clock news bulletins every half-hour, a series of repeating commentary programmes and round-table panel discussions, as well as documentary-style political films. In May 2009, Press TV CEO Mohammed Sarafraz announced that Press TV would "provide viewers with more newscasts while cutting down on its news analysis programs."<ref name="presstv.ir"/> | |||
'']'' journalist ] walked out before a Press TV interview in 2010 after discovering she was not being interviewed by ], as she had falsely believed. While she was reassured on editorial independence from Tehran, Mills doubted she would be able to talk about torture in Iran or ], who was shot dead in the ].<ref>{{cite news|last=Mills|first=Eleanor|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/eleanor-mills-the-ayatollahs-stooge-tf0bq5wwdjj#|title=The ayatollahs' stooge|work=The Sunday Times|date=2 March 2020|access-date=21 August 2020|archive-date=13 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113235353/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/eleanor-mills-the-ayatollahs-stooge-tf0bq5wwdjj|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref> | |||
Press TV was created for the purpose of presenting news, images and arguments, especially on Middle Eastern affairs, to counter the news coverage that appears on broadcasts such those of BBC World, CNN International and Al Jazeera English.<ref name="BBC-launch">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6260716.stm |title=Iran launches English TV channel| accessdate=2007-08-06| date=2007-07-02| publisher=]}}</ref> | |||
=== Antisemitism === | |||
Press TV has been praised for airing programs about under-reported stories around the world.<ref name="foreignpolicyjournal.com">http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2009/10/21/why-i-appreciate-press-tv/</ref> | |||
Press TV has been accused by the UK's '']'' of broadcasting "the most disreputable of fringe causes", such as ],<ref name="TJC20090319" /> and of ] conspiracy theories by the ].<ref name="ADL20150401" /> | |||
According to mediachannel.org, "the government aims to use Press TV to counter what it sees as a steady stream of Western propaganda against Iran as well as offer an alternative view of world news."<ref>http://mediachannel.org/wordpress/2007/07/13/irans-press-tv-to-give-alternative-view/</ref> Iranian analyst Khorosh Ziabari agreed that it is "objectionable" for Press TV to serve as a government mouthpiece, though he pointed out that other stations, notably France 24, are also funded by national governments to disseminate propaganda and news from a national point of view.<ref name="foreignpolicyjournal.com"/> | |||
It was accused in December 2011 by British journalist ] of functioning as "a platform for the full fascist conspiracy theory of supernatural Jewish power". He wrote that "If whites ran Press TV, one would have no difficulty in saying it was a ] network".<ref name="Cohen">{{cite news|last=Cohen|first=Nick|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/dec/04/nick-cohen-press-tv-hatred|title=Who will rid us of hate channels such as Press TV?|work=The Observer|location=London|date=4 December 2011|access-date=27 June 2020|archive-date=9 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609202956/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/dec/04/nick-cohen-press-tv-hatred|url-status=live}}</ref> ] in '']'' in 2009, of having an "ability to insinuate into public debate the worst and most pernicious ideas around", including ].<ref name="TJC20090319">{{cite news|last=Kamm|first=Oliver|url=https://www.thejc.com/analysis-press-tv-peddles-pernicious-tosh-1.8283|title=Analysis: Press TV peddles pernicious tosh|work=The Jewish Chronicle|location=London|date=19 March 2009|access-date=27 June 2020|archive-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627110731/https://www.thejc.com/analysis-press-tv-peddles-pernicious-tosh-1.8283|url-status=live}}</ref> Cohen mentioned that the station featured "fascist ideologues such as Peter Rushton, the leader of the ] – an organisation that disproves the notion that the only thing further to the right of the ] is the wall."<ref name="Cohen"/> | |||
By launching an English-language television channel to promote an Iranian perspective of the world, together with an Arab-language station, the ], the Iranian government hoped “to address a global audience exposed to misinformation and mudslinging as regards the Islamic Republic of Iran."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gozaar.org/template1.php?id=1348&language=english|title=A Guided Tour of Press TV|last=Ekhtiari|first=Khosro|date=15 September 2009|publisher=]|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref> The two networks focus on "difficult issues in the Middle East such as the United States’ occupation of neighbouring Iraq and the Shiite question."<ref name=samati/> | |||
In a September 2009, Press TV picked up and republished an antisemitic conspiracy theory that was circulating in ] and ], accusing Jews of a conspiracy to kidnap Algerian children and ]. Moroccan journalist Hassan Masiky criticized Press TV for trafficking in a dangerous "work of fantasy" that is a "nonsense, nightmarish tale".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/jews-harvesting-algerian-kids-organs|title='Jews harvesting Algerian kids' organs'|date=14 September 2009|website=The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com}}</ref> | |||
==Personnel== | |||
In a May 2011 article reprinted on the website of Press TV, correspondent Mark Dankof wrote an article about how the prediction of the fabricated antisemitic text '']'' is "only partially true", and lauded Press TV as "one of the few exceptions to the Lobby's control" of the media.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://cst.org.uk/news/blog/2011/05/27/press-tv-and-the-protocols|title=Press TV and the Protocols|work=Community Security Trust|date=27 May 2011|access-date=22 January 2021|archive-date=10 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310200957/https://cst.org.uk/news/blog/2011/05/27/press-tv-and-the-protocols|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Press TV CEO ] announced<ref name=antidote/> at the broadcast channel's launch press conference that Press TV intended to have correspondents in cities outside Iran, as well as four correspondents covering the Israel-Palestine conflict from ], ] and ]. He announced that many of Press TV's foreign-based staff and freelance correspondents would be non-Iranians and that training for some of the staff had been provided by "a BBC employee."<ref name="antidote" /> | |||
In 2012, a report from the ] (ADL) alleged that Press TV has broadcast what the ADL described as examples of ] conspiracy theories and opinions.<ref name="ADL20150401">{{cite web|title=Iran's Press TV: Broadcasting Anti-Semitism To English-Speaking World|url=https://www.adl.org/sites/default/files/documents/assets/pdf/anti-semitism/united-states/press-tv-report-2015-4-1.pdf|work=]|date=1 April 2015|access-date=27 June 2020|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629013952/https://www.adl.org/sites/default/files/documents/assets/pdf/anti-semitism/united-states/press-tv-report-2015-4-1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The report says Press TV for interviewing individuals such as the American conspiracy theorist ] who said on the station that Israel was involved in ] and of the ], he said: "The Zionists orchestrated and created this war in the media, the government, and international finance".<ref name="ADL2012">{{cite news|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/press-tv-zionists-masterminded-the-911-attacks|title=Press TV: Zionists "Masterminded" the 9/11 Attacks|work=Anti-Defamation League|date=11 September 2012|access-date=27 June 2020|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806114556/https://www.adl.org/blog/press-tv-zionists-masterminded-the-911-attacks|url-status=live}}</ref> The ADL reported in 2013 that in another appearance, Duke made "anti-Semitic allegations that are consistent with his record and typical of the views often espoused on Press TV".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/irans-press-tv-grants-david-duke-a-platform-for-hate|title=Iran's Press TV Grants David Duke A Platform For Hate|work=Anti-Defamation League|date=25 July 2013|access-date=27 June 2020|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629114644/https://www.adl.org/blog/irans-press-tv-grants-david-duke-a-platform-for-hate|url-status=live}}</ref> Mark Dankof has also backed claims on Press TV that 9/11 was an "Israeli Mossad inside operation from start to finish".<ref name="ADL2012" /> | |||
=== Iran staff === | |||
News anchors have included: Kaveh Taghvai, Arash Zahedi, Saeid Pourreza, Hassan Tavakoli, Kaneez Fatima, Homa Lezgee, Bardia Honardar, Waqar Rizvi, Behrouz Nadjafi, Nargess Moballeghi and Marzieh Hashemi. Also anchoring Sports International news in Tehran is Sheena Shirani, Junot Castelyn and Amir Hossein Eskandar. | |||
In early 2015, Press TV claimed Jews or Israel were responsible for the ] in Paris.<ref name="ADL20150403">{{cite news|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/irans-press-tv-continues-to-broadcast-anti-semitism-as-news|title=Iran's Press TV Continues To Broadcast Anti-Semitism As 'News'|work=Anti-Defamation League|date=3 April 2015|access-date=27 June 2020|archive-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627181200/https://www.adl.org/blog/irans-press-tv-continues-to-broadcast-anti-semitism-as-news|url-status=live}}</ref> In a 20 January 2015 article by Kevin Barrett on the station's website he claimed that "The Zionists created ISIL and sent it to fight Muslims and Christians in Syria and Iraq" while "New World Order Zionism is also targeting the USA for destruction".<ref name="ADL20151123"/> In a 17 February 2015 article for the website, Barrett claimed ] was a "Zionist ‘coup d'etat’ to seize power in the country and launch a permanent war on Islam on behalf of Israel" and falsely claimed the ] was the responsibility of a "team of Zionist-liked professional killers."<ref name="ADL20151123">{{cite news|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/anti-semite-claims-prominent-bds-activist-invited-him-to-berkeley-conference|title=Anti-Semite Claims Prominent BDS Activist Invited Him To Berkeley Conference|work=Anti-Defamation League|date=23 November 2015|access-date=13 July 2020|archive-date=16 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716170253/https://www.adl.org/blog/anti-semite-claims-prominent-bds-activist-invited-him-to-berkeley-conference|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Before returning to London, Afshin Rattansi, a former journalist with the BBC Today program, CNN International, Bloomberg and Al Jazeera Arabic, also anchored from Press TV's HQ in Tehran. | |||
In early March 2020, during the ], Press TV broadcast an item claiming "Zionist elements developed a deadlier strain of coronavirus against Iran" and a few days later claimed ] was responsible for the virus.<ref>{{cite news|last=Frantzman|first=Seth J.|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/iran-news/irans-regime-pushes-antisemitic-conspiracies-about-coronavirus-620212|title=Iran's regime pushes antisemitic conspiracies about coronavirus|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=8 March 2020|access-date=13 July 2020|archive-date=10 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310213820/https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Iran-News/Irans-regime-pushes-antisemitic-conspiracies-about-coronavirus-620212|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Amir Arfa hosts a Press TV media criticism show called "Fine Print." Arfa's show used to feature live debates among guests appearing by satellite, a format that has fallen out of favor with the station's management.<ref name="presstv.ir"/> Arfa admits that his guest roster is skewed, but blamed most major media organisations for their reluctance to allow their reporters to appear on Press TV, even when the reporters themselves are willing. "If the lineup of guests seems lop-sided, its not our fault," Arfa said in an interview. "We try hard to have a balanced show, but the mainstream media shuts you out."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nyc.indymedia.org/en/2007/09/91268.shtml|title=New Iranian TV channel covers Ahmadinejad's Columbia address|last=Feltz|first=Renee|date=25 September 2007|publisher=New York City Independent Media Center|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref> | |||
====Publication of Holocaust denial==== | |||
=== North American staff === | |||
On the subject of ] (27 January), an editorial on the Press TV website in 2008 noted, "On this anniversary, we all need to mull over the faking of history and the Greatest Lie Ever Told". In 2008, '']''<ref name="TJP2008">{{Cite news|last=Paul|first=Jonny|url=http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1211434103569&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull |title=Iranian website promotes Holocaust denial|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=25 May 2008|access-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527103109/http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1211434103569&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull |archive-date=27 May 2008|url-status=live }}</ref> and the British '']'' magazine<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201194507/http://www.searchlightmagazine.com/index.php?link=template&story=234|date=1 February 2017}} The apologist for terror and the BBC by David Williams, July 2008.</ref> criticized Press TV for reprinting on its website an article entitled "The Walls of Auschwitz: A Review of the Chemical Studies" by the British Holocaust denier ] which was first published by the denial group, the ] (CODOH).<ref name="Behrens">{{cite book|last1=Behrens|first1=Paul|last2=Terry|first2=Nicholas|last3=Jensen|first3=Olaf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0QlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA48|title=Holocaust and Genocide Denial: A Contextual Perspective|location=Abingdon, UK & New York City|publisher=Routledge|year=2017|page=48|isbn=9781317204169|access-date=26 September 2020|archive-date=10 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310201840/https://books.google.com/books?id=A0QlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA48|url-status=live}}</ref> The document claims that the Auschwitz ]s were used for "benign" purposes only and said "the alleged massacre of Jewish people by gassing during World War II was scientifically impossible".<ref name="TJP2008" /><ref name="NS2008">{{cite news|last=Bright|first=Martin|url=https://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/martin-bright/2008/05/station-based-iranian-london|title=Why do we tolerate Press TV?|work=New Statesman|date=20 May 2008|access-date=12 January 2021|archive-date=28 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128032109/https://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/martin-bright/2008/05/station-based-iranian-london|url-status=live}}</ref> Press TV described Kollerstrom, by then removed as an honorary fellow of ] (UCL) because of the article,<ref name="Behrens"/> as a "distinguished academic".<ref name="NS2008" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Lawson|first=Dominic|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/dominic-lawson/dominic-lawson-when-charities-turn-political-the-bbc-is-right-to-tread-warily-1516810.html|title=When charities turn political, the BBC is right to tread warily|work=The Independent|date=27 January 2009|access-date=27 June 2020|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629112135/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/dominic-lawson/dominic-lawson-when-charities-turn-political-the-bbc-is-right-to-tread-warily-1516810.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Other Holocaust deniers to have appeared on the station include ] and Peter Rushton.<ref name="CST2011">{{cite news|last=Rich|first=Dave|url=https://cst.org.uk/news/blog/2011/12/06/george-galloway-represents-press-tv|title=George Galloway represents Press TV|work=Community Security Trust|date=6 December 2011|access-date=12 January 2021|archive-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114092530/https://cst.org.uk/news/blog/2011/12/06/george-galloway-represents-press-tv|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
{{update|date=December 2010}}<!--closure of UN office--> | |||
In a 2014 article on the website, the Canadian writer Brandon Martinez described ] as having been an appealing place where Jews were able to participate in "cultural and leisure activities". He rejected the existence of gas chambers during ] and the use of ] for the mass killings of ]. To make his assertions he drew on claims made by Holocaust deniers Mark Webber and ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/iran-press-tv-provides-platform-to-emerging-anti-semitic-voices|title=Iran Press TV Provides Platform To Emerging Anti-Semitic Voices|work=Anti-Defamation League|date=26 February 2014|access-date=27 June 2020|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629123403/https://www.adl.org/blog/iran-press-tv-provides-platform-to-emerging-anti-semitic-voices|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Press TV maintains a presence in the United States through intermediary companies. "American Dream," produced in Washington, DC by ] (ATN),<ref>http://www.city-journal.org/2009/19_1_snd-press-tv.html</ref> is a once-a-week broadcast that focuses on the dark underside ("warts and all") of American life. It has been hosted by ], who quit the show after alleging editorial interference; ]; ] (Communications Director of the ]), and ] (head of ]) and the ].<ref>http://www.mefeedia.com/entry/press-tv-mehrdad-yazdani-interviews-brian-becker-bush-war/8886624</ref><ref>http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=OGI2NjMzNDNjYmE2YzliOTJkZTc3YWM4OTNiOTJmYzc=</ref> | |||
In November 2013, the Press TV website reprinted an opinion piece in its 'Viewpoints' section, first written by M.I. Bhat for '']'', although Bhat was a regular columnist for Press TV as well.<ref name="Bhat">{{cite web|title=Iran's Press TV Claims American Jews Are "Incubating Another Hitler"|url=http://blog.adl.org/international/irans-press-tv-claims-american-jews-are-incubating-another-hitler|work=Anti-Defamation League|access-date=13 November 2013|date=13 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113190439/http://blog.adl.org/international/irans-press-tv-claims-american-jews-are-incubating-another-hitler|archive-date=13 November 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The article blamed Jews for their fate in the Holocaust and accepted "the Nazi regime’s anti-Jewish conspiracy theories as historical fact". Bhat queried whether American Jews were "incubating another Hitler".<ref name="Bhat" /> | |||
"Autograph", Susan Modaress' new interview program, has mostly been filmed "on location" in the United States. Modaress has interviewed prominent people such as academics ] and ] for that program.<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=92567</ref> She has also interviewed former U.S. National Security Advisor ] for a program called "Face to Face."<ref>http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=92446§ionid=351020101</ref><ref>http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=92451§ionid=3510302</ref> Susan Modaress has also done general assignment reporting from New York on issues ranging from a cigarette tax increase in New York to a Society of Ethical Culture forum on "Obama and the Imperial Presidency."<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_-cNSBoFcu8&feature=related</ref><ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdPKvCDtX7c</ref> | |||
===Maziar Bahari case=== | |||
Other reporters who have worked in New York include Ataf Konja and Julie Walker. Colin Campbell, Rhonda Pence, Jihan Hafiz, Erin Connors, Mike Kellerman, and Ernie Cruise have filed reports from Washington, DC.<ref name="ReferenceA">http://www.presstv.ir/Sections1.aspx?section=3510301</ref><ref>http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=100247§ionid=3510203%20</ref> Roxane Assaf has filed reports from Chicago.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> | |||
On 10 June 2010, the United Kingdom's '']'' interviewed Iranian-Canadian journalist ], a documentary maker and '']'' contributor, who was arrested while filming the protests following the contested ].<ref name="Morris">{{cite news|last1=Morris|first1=Kylie|last2=Brown|first2=Katie|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/ofcom-investigates-irans-press-tv-over-interview-1996131.html|title=Ofcom investigates Iran's Press TV over 'interview'|work=The Independent|date=10 June 2010|access-date=13 July 2020|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629160217/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/ofcom-investigates-irans-press-tv-over-interview-1996131.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
Held in ], Bahari was accused of spying for the ], ] and ], and was detained for 118 days. Bahari alleged that a 10-second Press TV interview and 'confession' that the western media was guilty of fomenting the protests had been preceded by torture, and was given under the threat of execution. The nature of the interview, that it was a forced confession, was not disclosed to viewers of the footage.<ref name="Morris" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Petrou|first=Michael|url=https://www.macleans.ca/uncategorized/irans-propaganda-mouthpiece-in-the-west-mazia-bahari-and-ottawas-tulip-festival/|title=Maziar Bahari and Iran's Press TV|work=MacLean's|date=23 May 2011|access-date=13 July 2020|archive-date=13 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713173224/https://www.macleans.ca/uncategorized/irans-propaganda-mouthpiece-in-the-west-mazia-bahari-and-ottawas-tulip-festival/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Tms20111201">{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/iranian-tv-channel-that-coerced-confession-is-fined-pound100000-hxzgvcxbwn5|title=Iranian TV channel that 'coerced confession' is fined £100,000|work=The Times|date=1 December 2011|access-date=13 July 2020|archive-date=15 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715214626/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/iranian-tv-channel-that-coerced-confession-is-fined-pound100000-hxzgvcxbwn5|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Having to talk complete rubbish before a camera to save his life "was like a rape”, he told ''The Sunday Times'' in 2012. "It went against the very essence of me".<ref>{{cite news|last=Mills|first=Eleanor|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/your-execution-is-imminent-hsdzldp9q8c|title=Your execution is imminent|work=The Times|location=London|date=15 January 2012|access-date=21 August 2020|archive-date=16 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416040623/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/your-execution-is-imminent-hsdzldp9q8c|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Bahari is not the only Iranian prisoner who has been coerced with a following broadcast of the supposed confession.<ref name="OD20150518" /> | |||
Press TV's Canadian correspondent is Zahra Jamal, who is based in Vancouver.<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/search.aspx?q=Zahra+Jamal&page=0</ref> | |||
===Allegations about Canada=== | |||
=== Other correspondents and staff around the world === | |||
Following the severing of ] in September 2012, Press TV began to devote more attention to Canada. | |||
Press TV has correspondents across East and South-East Asia including Shahana Butt, who reports from Indian Administered ].<ref>http://presstv.com/search.aspx?q=shahana+butt&x=0&y=0</ref> Munawar Zaman reports from New Delhi.<ref>http://edition.presstv.ir/search.html?q=munawar+zaman</ref> Aamer Trambu is Press TV's news and current affairs correspondent for the Mumbai and South India region.<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/rss/QuickPlayer.aspx?id=117698</ref> | |||
In December 2012, Press TV aired a report entitled "Alberta takes aboriginal kids from parents at high rate" in which Joshua Blakeney, Press TV's Calgary correspondent, claimed that Alberta's child protective services were engaged in the human trafficking of First Nations children. Blakeney stated that "Some upset parents allege that there is a profit motive behind what they refer to as Canada's so-called child protective services" and asserted that an anti-terrorism squad, called INSET, was responsible for the abductions.<ref name=abduction> {{Webarchive|url=http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20200326163708/https://nationalpost.com/category/news/ |date=26 March 2020 }} by Tristin Hopper, '']'', 11 December 2012.</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111231127/https://calgarysun.com/2012/12/12/lack-of-fact-doesnt-stop-journalist-claiming-alberta-government-sells-native-children |date=11 November 2020 }} by Michael Platt, '']'', 13 December 2012.</ref><ref> by Ian Campbell, 660News Radio (Calgary) 13 December 2012.</ref> | |||
Sari Al-Khalili presents "INfocus" from Ramallah and files West Bank news reports. Shireen Yassin reports from Jerusalem. Reports were also filed by Preethi Nallu from Copenhagen; Mohammed Abd and Elmonem from Cairo. | |||
One of the veiled women interviewed in the report (who was not identified) claimed that her "aboriginal children were taken by a squad of 32 police officers." Another woman interviewed stated that "It definitely is a money-making scheme, because a lot of native children have been sold into adoption, but it is also used as an assimilation program a genocidal program." The report also showed written messages of "Help me! Now!!", which were allegedly written by abducted children.<ref name=abduction/> | |||
Ali Rizk is Press TV's Beirut news director. Other staffers in Lebanon include correspondent Serena Shim, a Lebanese-American who was born in Detroit, and Sara Moussa, a producer who lived previously in the US.<ref>http://thefastertimes.com/lebanonandsyria/2009/08/06/watching-the-news-with-iranian-press-tv/</ref> | |||
The allegations in the report were immediately denied by Government officials and Native leaders. ], an associate professor at the ] and executive director of the denied the report was true, stating that "The factors driving aboriginal children into care have been well-known for 15 years; it's poverty, poor housing and substance abuse. ... The federal government provides significantly less funding on reserves than for all other Canadians ... but I have never in my life heard of any military undertones to this."<ref name=abduction/> | |||
Svetlana Korkina is Press TV's correspondent in Moscow.<ref>http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=5747675003284102302#</ref> | |||
Blakeney has also claimed in reports published or broadcast by Press TV, that the appearance of Canada's new $20 bill was evidence that Canada "remained an imperialist nation" and that "90% of Canadian youth felt stressed about careers." Blakeney subsequently claimed that his reports for Press TV are "defiantly illuminating the skeletons in Canada’s closet."<ref name=target/> | |||
== UK production company == | |||
Another report made several charges against the Canadian government, including: | |||
Press TV Limited in London was incorporated in 2006 to produce news, factual programmes and documentaries to be sold to the Tehran-based Press TV News Channel. The company is registered at Companies House and is wholly owned and operated from the UK. Press TV Limited has its ] channel]. | |||
* Secret plans to "steal indigenous children"; | |||
* "Ignorance of the First Nation land rights"; | |||
* Jailing refugees without cause; and | |||
* using excessive force to suppress student protests. | |||
Another program interviewed Alfred Lambremont Webre, who was described as an "international lawyer" based in Vancouver. Webre stated ] ] is an "out and out Zionist" who is engaging in the "same repressive policies within Canada that Israel follows within its own territories against the Palestinian people." Webre then described a conspiracy between Vancouver police and serial killer ] "to commit ritual Satanic murders with high-ranking politicians." Finally, Webre claimed that Queen ] abducted 10 Aboriginal children in 1964. Concluding his comments, Webre described Canada as "the ultimate Zionist state under the British Crown and under Israel."<ref name=target>{{cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/canada-iran-press-tv|title=Canada and its 'out and out Zionist' prime minister have become the latest target of Iran's Press TV|last=Hopper|first=Tristin|date=18 January 2013|work=]}}</ref> | |||
Roshan Muhammed Salih is Press TV Limited's news editor and chief correspondent.<ref name=launches>{{cite web|url=http://www.arabmediawatch.com/amw/Articles/PressReleases/tabid/77/newsid391/5437/Press-TV-launches-on-Sky/Default.aspx|title=Press TV launches on Sky|last=Salih|first=Roshan Muhammed|date=1 December 2008|publisher=Arab Media Watch|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref> Other London correspondents include Fareena Alam and Hassan Ghani. Matthew Richardson, Press TV Limited's Legal Adviser,<ref name=launches/> has attracted attention for his appearances on other television outlets to discuss Press TV's compliance with ], particularly its coverage of contentious matters such as the ].<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ToCUt4lljpM&feature=player_embedded</ref> Ofcom has since confirmed Matthew Richardson's view that Press TV had not breached rules of impartiality. | |||
In response, ], a former Canadian ambassador to the United Nations and a distinguished fellow at the ] at the ], has stated that Press TV is highlighting Canada's First Nations in order to "negate" Canadian reports of human rights allegations against Iran. Heinbecker stated that "The human rights situations in the two countries are scarcely comparable ... but our own very real shortcomings on Aboriginal issues ... are fodder for the Iranian efforts."<ref name=target/> Iranian native ], a professor of international law at ], stated that "Canada's diplomatic posture has elevated its ranking in the regime's demonology charts."<ref name=target/> Ed Corrigan, an immigration lawyer and former councillor for ], is a regular guest on Press TV. Corrigan, who has said that "There's very few people in Canada who have more expertise on Middle East politics than I do," argues that Press TV is demonstrating the "international opinion" of Canada's treatment of its native peoples, explaining that "We tend to forget about our conquest of North America ... but most countries in the world see it as a colonial exercise."<ref name=target/> | |||
=== Current presenters === | |||
*], a financial journalist, hosted On the Edge.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presstv.ir/programs/|title=Programs|publisher=Press TV|accessdate=29 December 2009}}</ref> | |||
*], the former Al Jazeera<ref>http://www.ilaam.net/Opinions/AljazeeraSacksRidley.html</ref> and '']'' journalist <ref name="antidote"/> presents The Agenda and Rattansi & Ridley. | |||
*], a former British Member of Parliament,<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8447847.stm | work=BBC News | title=MP Galloway 'deported from Egypt' | date=8 January 2010}}</ref> presents Comment and The Real Deal.<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/section/3510520.html</ref> | |||
*] presents a Islam & Life. | |||
*] presents The Big Story and Remember Palestine. She used to present Between the Headlines, before the end of the series. | |||
*], another former Member of Parliament, presents Epilogue and Comment, on occasion. | |||
*], anti-war activist and sister-in-law to former British prime minister ], presents Remember Palestine and The Diaspora. | |||
=== Coverage of the Russian invasion of Ukraine === | |||
=== Former presenters === | |||
Like the Kremlin, Press TV used Moscow's term "special operation" to describe the early days of the ]. It also used headlines describing ] as "fake attack" and "provocation" aimed at Russia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-putin-iran-moscow-tehran-5438506fba2505fbcd227f93c533e86d|title=In Iran, Russia's war on Ukraine is a political flash point | |||
|work=AP News}}</ref> | |||
== Staff resignations== | |||
*] is a journalist who felt resigned from Press TV after he said that the "] that was inconsistent with my opposition to ].<ref name="Gilligan">{{cite news| url=http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/andrewgilligan/100064715/mehdi-hasan-new-statesmans-senior-editor-makes-up-quote/ | location=London | work=The Telegraph | title=Mehdi Hasan: New Statesman's senior editor makes up quote | date=22 November 2010}}</ref>. Prior to his departure, Gilligan hosted ''The Forum'' that consisted of a "regular discussion show on the station, in which Islamism, and the policies of the Iranian government, were often debated and challenged."<ref name="Gilligan"/> | |||
*] | |||
*], a former Mayor of London.<ref>http://www.kenlivingstone.com/about/</ref> He hosted ''Epilogue and Comment'' on occasion. | |||
== |
=== Nick Ferrari === | ||
], a British radio presenter on ], resigned from his show on Press TV on 30 June 2009, following the response of the country's authorities to protests over ]. Ferrari told '']'' that Press TV's news coverage had been "reasonably fair" until the election—but was not any longer.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fletcher|first=Martin|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/presenter-nick-ferrari-quits-iran-press-tv-over-bias-after-election-58rrrvntvp7|location=London|work=The Times|title=Presenter Nick Ferrari quits Iran Press TV over bias after election|date=1 July 2009|access-date=27 June 2020|archive-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627090828/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/presenter-nick-ferrari-quits-iran-press-tv-over-bias-after-election-58rrrvntvp7|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Ferrari admitted joining Press TV "was one of the dimmest career decisions of my life", although he also said he had not been pressurized to adhere to any particular line.<ref>{{cite news|last=Symons|first=Leon|url=https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/press-tv-loses-key-guests-1.10214|title=Press TV loses key guests|work=The Jewish Chronicle|location=London|date=9 July 2009|access-date=27 June 2020|archive-date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627195226/https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/press-tv-loses-key-guests-1.10214|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
*'''Africa Today''' - Analytical weekly review of political, economic and social events in Africa, the world's second largest continent.<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/section/3510534.html</ref> | |||
*'''The Agenda''' - A political commentary show hosted by ] formerly broadcast on the ].<ref name="antidote">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,2117089,00.html |title=An antidote to Fox: Iran launches English TV channel |accessdate=2007-08-06|author=Oliver Burkeman, Helen Pidd and Robert Tait|date=2007-07-03|publisher=] | location=London}}</ref> | |||
*'''American Dream''' - A political round-table offering a "warts-and-all" picture of life in the USA from ghettos to gated communities.<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/section/3510502.html</ref> | |||
*'''Anti-Semitism Rising, Why?''' - A debate show on the difference between ] and ] presented by Alan Hart.<ref>http://previous.presstv.ir/programs/detail.aspx?sectionid=3510536</ref> | |||
* '''Autograph''' - A 25min weekly interview with academics, authors, politicians and dignitaries encompassing a range of topics from cultural to political issues hosted by Susan Modaress.<ref>http://www.cceia.org/resources/video/data/000251</ref> | |||
*'''CinePolitics''' - A weekly 25-minute show, hosted by the ]-nominated film-maker ]. The show examines current cinematic releases, and explores the underlying political and social issues that shape them.<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/section/3510516.html</ref> | |||
*'''Comment''' - A live show from London hosted by ]. The format allows a studio audience to ask the presenter questions or argue with him.<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/section/3510524.html</ref> | |||
*'''East Asia Now''' - "Piercing questions, challenging experts, backed up by other opinions, statistics, as well as comments and questions from correspondents on East Asian stories."<ref>http://previous.presstv.ir/programs/detail.aspx?sectionid=3510535</ref> | |||
*'''Fine Print''' - A twice-weekly analysis of on-line mainstream media hosted by Amir Arfa.<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/section/3510510.html</ref> | |||
*'''Forum''' - A debate programme presented by the former BBC journalist ], featuring ] and others.<ref>http://previous.presstv.ir/programs/detail.aspx?sectionid=3510511</ref> | |||
*'''Iran''' - A 25-minute weekly show covering topical issues on Iran plus reports and interviews on major cultural events held in the country over the week. The show is hosted by ].<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/section/3510515.html</ref> | |||
*'''Iran Today''' - a show aired 5 times a week examining various issues about Iran in the presence of a panel of guests.<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/section/3510506.html</ref> | |||
*'''Islam & Life''' - A weekly show presented by ] in London, dealing with the challenges and opportunities facing Muslims, especially in the west.<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/section/3510523.html</ref> | |||
*'''Middle East Press''' - A daily review of regional newspapers, highlighting views on issues impacting the region, hosted by ] and ] in Beirut. | |||
*'''Rattansi & Ridley''' - A chat show aboard the only floating TV studio in the world, hosted by veteran award-winning journalists, ] and Yvonne Ridley.<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/section/3510537.html</ref> | |||
*'''The Real Deal''' - A wide-ranging weekly show by ].<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/section/3510520.html</ref> | |||
*'''Remember the Children of Palestine''' - A weekly 1-hour show hosted by ] and ] covering issues that concern children living in Palestine, including music, films, photos, poems and artwork made in aid of their remembrance.<ref>http://previous.presstv.ir/programs/detail.aspx?sectionid=3510533</ref> | |||
*'''Reporters' File''' - A weekly reportage-oriented programme, dealing with various Iranian and world stories, from a local correspondent's perspective. The show is produced & hosted by ].<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/section/3510514.html</ref> | |||
== |
=== Hassan Abdulrahman === | ||
In September 2009, '']'' reported that ], born David Theodore Belfield, one of the chief editors of the Press TV website from the beginning of Press TV's news department, had stated that he left Press TV as chief online editor in July 2009 after the election in protest at its skewed coverage of that event.<ref name="The Times">{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article6820989.ece |work=The Times |location=London |title=Top Tehran TV journalist wanted by FBI for 1980 murder in the US |first=Richard |last=Kerbaj |date=4 September 2009 |access-date=22 May 2010 |archive-date=4 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904073320/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article6820989.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="thelede.blogs.nytimes.com">{{cite news |url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/16/just-another-american-hit-man-actor-and-journalist-living-in-iran/?hp |work=The New York Times |title=Just Another American Hit Man, Actor and Journalist Living in Iran |first=Robert |last=Mackey |date=16 September 2009 |access-date=22 May 2010 |archive-date=23 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923191609/http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/16/just-another-american-hit-man-actor-and-journalist-living-in-iran/?hp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Jon Lee Anderson (30 September 2009). {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714153141/http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2009/09/jon-lee-anderson-hassan-abdulrahman.html |date=14 July 2014 }}. ''The New Yorker''.</ref> The ''Times'' quoted Abdulrahman as saying, "No, I don't think Press TV is about . By its nature, state journalism is not journalism. They have some programmes on there that might be, but generally it's not."<ref name="The Times"/><ref name="thelede.blogs.nytimes.com"/> In the article the ''Times'' also reported that Abdulrahman, who has also used the alias ], is wanted by the ] for shooting dead ], a former press attache at the pre-revolutionary Iranian embassy in Washington, in 1980. The Iranian government provided Belfield money and airfare to Tehran after he committed the killing, which he admitted to in 1995.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gibbons|first=Fiachra|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2002/jan/10/features.fiachragibbons |title=Actor or assassin?|work=The Guardian|date=10 January 2002}}</ref> (However, he denied that it was "murderous", stating that it was "an act of war...In ]ic religious terms, taking a life is sometimes sanctioned and even highly praised, and I thought that event was just such a time.")<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Silverman|first=Ira|title=An American Terrorist |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2002/08/05/an-american-terrorist |magazine=The New Yorker |date=29 July 2002|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref> | |||
{{Citations missing|date=June 2010}} | |||
*'''''Between the Headlines''''' - A review of the day's headlines hosted by ], ], Afshin Rattansi, ] <ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8twNewdCF8s</ref> and Jan Fossgard, aired live from London. | |||
*'''''Canon''''' - A 25-minute weekly show debating the legal perspective on the social and political issues around the world.<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibhjLiW2JR8&feature=related</ref> | |||
*'''''Energy World''''' - A 25-minute weekly show, dealing with current energy issues together with their political undercurrents, presented by former ] host Amanda Burt.<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1z-BBwho-no</ref> | |||
*'''''Epilogue''''' - A 25-minute weekly programme on literature, featuring interviews with writers and critics, hosted by ], ], ] and ].<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/section/3510504.html</ref> | |||
*'''''EuroFocus''''' - Presented by Roshan Muhammed Salih and ], offers a weekly round-up of news and features from all over Europe.<ref>http://www.presstv.ir/section/3510504.html</ref> | |||
*'''''4Corners''''' - 25 minutes of live daily news commentary panel discussion, hosted by Shahab Mossavat, Joobin Zarvan and Nargess Moballeghi, broadcast from Tehran. The show covers critical news stories from across the globe.<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CFpxMgICj9E</ref> | |||
*'''''Hart of the Matter''''' - A show where veteran broadcast journalist ] engages a host of intellectuals, investigative journalists and activists, amongst others, in conversation.<ref>http://vimeo.com/6047949</ref> | |||
*'''''Hearts and Minds'''''<ref>http://previous.presstv.ir/programs/detail.aspx?sectionid=3510505</ref> - 45 Minute Panel Discussion on U.S. Foreign Policy produced in New York City. For several months, "Hearts and Minds" was presented by Alan Weisman<ref name="Traub">{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/16/books/review/traub.html | work=The New York Times | title=The Unrepentant | first=James | last=Traub | date=16 December 2007 | accessdate=22 May 2010}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=April 2011}} (former producer of the Charlie Rose Show, and author of biographies of retired CBS newsman ] and defence expert ]<ref name="Traub"/>) After Weisman, hosting duties were taken over by former "4 Corners" presenter ],<ref name="presstv.com">http://www.presstv.com/programs/detail.aspx?sectionid=3510505&id=98424#98424</ref> who later hosted her own program, "Autograph."<ref name="ReferenceB">http://www.presstv.com/programs/detail.aspx?sectionid=3510529</ref> ], a former reporter for the MTV News political news program Street Team '08,<ref name="think.mtv.com">http://think.mtv.com/Groups/street-team-08</ref>{{Dead link|date=April 2011}} assumed the role of host in June 2009 until the program's last broadcast on September 30, 2009.<ref name="ReferenceC">http://www.presstv.com/programs/detail.aspx?sectionid=3510505&id=107582#107582</ref> | |||
*'''''Middle East Today''''' - 25 minutes of daily panel discussion on the region's most news-making events, broadcast live from Tehran, formerly hosted by ] and Joobin Zarvan and now presented by ]. The show is also aired on weekends, from Beirut by ] and ] and ].<ref>http://previous.presstv.ir/programs/detail.aspx?sectionid=3510507</ref> | |||
*'''''Minbar''''' - A weekly Q&A about Islam presented by ].<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSRWQtDmN7w</ref> | |||
*'''''Off The Cuff''''' - Another audience-driven programme hosted by ] and ]. The show focuses on controversial issues where the presenter asks the questions around the theme and the audience express their views.<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btC2N6tvKtQ</ref> | |||
*'''''Outside the Box''''' - A weekly 25-minute show hosted by ]. | |||
*'''''Women's Voice''''' - A programme made by women for women. The show scrutinizes the status of women in the West and deals with their common issues, challenges and upheavals. | |||
*'''''World Week Watch''''' - Half-hour round-up of world events by ] and ]. | |||
=== Sheena Shirani === | |||
==Allegations of bias== | |||
Sheena Shirani worked for Press TV from 2007 to January 2016 as an editor, producer and news presenter. She said that her news director Hamid Reza Emadi and studio manager Payam Afshar sexually harassed her for years, and published a recorded phone conversation with her boss Emadi. Press TV suspended both managers following the incident.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mortimer|first=Caroline|title=Iran's Press TV anchor says she was repeatedly 'sexually harassed by her bosses' for several years|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/irans-press-tv-anchor-says-she-was-repeatedly-sexually-harassed-by-her-bosses-for-several-years-a6861671.html|work=The Independent|date=8 February 2016|access-date=13 July 2020|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629061430/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/irans-press-tv-anchor-says-she-was-repeatedly-sexually-harassed-by-her-bosses-for-several-years-a6861671.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
{{Main|Press TV controversies}} | |||
===Counter-claims=== | |||
==Sanctions and restrictions== | |||
{{Self-published|section called "Counter-claims"|date=April 2011}} | |||
In 2010, the ] government banned Press TV for airing video on the ] saying "We have decided to impose a ban on the airing of Press TV broadcasts by local cable operators. We appeal to the people not to heed unverified reports about the alleged desecration of the Holy Koran which have only been aired by Press TV and no other television news channel in the world."<ref>. ''Sify''.</ref> | |||
{{One source|section|date=April 2011}} | |||
Many critics have described PressTV as a mouthpeace for the government. One such claim was made by ], a former presenter of one of PressTV's shows, told The Times that Press TV’s news coverage had been “reasonably fair” until the election — but not any longer.<ref>http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article6613209.ece</ref> During the 2011 ], Press TV has been at paines to put the spotlight on the demonstrations taking place in ]<ref> http://www.presstv.ir/detail/177871.html</ref><ref> http://www.presstv.ir/detail/177701.html</ref>, a state that has got historical roots in Iran but which today is governed by a regime that stands as an antagonist to the Iranians in the ] region, while at the same time tone down the significance of the Syrian demonstrations<ref> http://www.presstv.ir/detail/177772.html,</ref> a close ally of the Iranian leadership. | |||
On 3 April 2012, Munich-based media regulator '']'' (BLM), announced it was removing ''Press TV'' from the ] ], as they did not have a licence to broadcast in Europe.<ref name="TJP20120407" /> | |||
In October 2012, Eutelsat stopped broadcasting Press TV on the order, the channel said, of the ].<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinthal|first=Benjamin|url=https://www.jpost.com/International/European-satellite-axes-Irans-anti-Semitic-channels|title=European satellite axes Iran's anti-Semitic channels|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=16 October 2012|access-date=25 January 2021|archive-date=30 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130153038/https://www.jpost.com/International/European-satellite-axes-Irans-anti-Semitic-channels|url-status=live}}</ref> The following month, the Hong Kong-based ] took Iranian channels off air in East Asia. The ] managed to resume broadcasts after striking deals with smaller companies that are based in other countries.<ref name="intelsat">{{cite news|title=Iranian channels dropped by Intelsat|date=2 July 2013 |work=]|url=http://www.aawsat.net/2013/07/article55308059|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705060529/http://www.aawsat.net/2013/07/article55308059|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 July 2013}}</ref> | |||
] blocked Press TV access to their ] and ] in April 2019; although the latter remained active no new content could be added.<ref>{{cite news|last=Doffman|first=Zak|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/04/23/google-blocks-iranian-state-tvs-youtube-and-gmail-after-anti-israel-propaganda/#5ae009b177bd|title=Google Cuts YouTube Access For Iran's Press TV And Hispan TV 'Without Any Warning'|work=Forbes|date=23 April 2019|access-date=29 January 2020|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303190118/https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/04/23/google-blocks-iranian-state-tvs-youtube-and-gmail-after-anti-israel-propaganda/#5ae009b177bd|url-status=live}}</ref> YouTube removed Press TV UK from its platform in January 2020. Press TV accused Google, which owns YouTube, of censorship. The Press TV UK channel appeared after the original was removed.<ref name="TmsLdn20200129">{{cite news|last=Moore|first=Matthew|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/youtube-deletes-iranian-channel-press-tv-uk-for-flouting-ban-gxz539v80|title=YouTube deletes Iranian channel Press TV UK for flouting ban|work=The Times|date=29 January 2020|access-date=29 January 2020|archive-date=29 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129033855/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/youtube-deletes-iranian-channel-press-tv-uk-for-flouting-ban-gxz539v80|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref> In April 2019, Press TV reported that ] blocked their access (along with ]) "without prior notice, citing "violation of policies," and that they received a message saying "your Google Account was disabled and can’t be restored because it was used in a way that violates Google’s policies." Although their YouTube channels remain open, no new content can be published. Press TV claimed that Google "has refused to offer an explanation for shutting down the accounts," and that they have not violated any of Google's listed policies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/04/23/google-blocks-iranian-state-tvs-youtube-and-gmail-after-anti-israel-propaganda/#14a2417277bd|title=Google Cuts YouTube Access For Iran's Press TV And Hispan TV 'Without Any Warning'|work=]|first=Zak|last=Doffman|date=23 April 2019|access-date=29 January 2020|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303190118/https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2019/04/23/google-blocks-iranian-state-tvs-youtube-and-gmail-after-anti-israel-propaganda/#14a2417277bd|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
On 26 June 2008, Florida congressman ] proposed to declare Press TV, ] and several IRIB-affiliated channels as a "] entity."<ref>{{Cite web|title=US Congressman seeks to blacklist Iran's Press TV|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/08/jul/1236.html|access-date=2020-10-26|website=www.payvand.com|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806211440/http://www.payvand.com/news/08/jul/1236.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-07-25|title=Iran: U.S. seeks to keep public in dark|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/173906/Iran-U-S-seeks-to-keep-public-in-dark|access-date=2020-10-26|website=Tehran Times|language=en|archive-date=16 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716172010/https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/173906/Iran-U-S-seeks-to-keep-public-in-dark|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
On 15 September 2023, the ] added Press TV to the ] (OFAC)'s ].<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2023 |title=Treasury Sanctions Iranian Officials and Companies Connected to Repression in Advance of the Anniversary of Mahsa "Zhina" Amini's Death |url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy1733 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=] |language=en}}</ref> | |||
===UK license revocation=== | |||
Maziar Bahari, by then a British resident, complained to ], the regulatory authority for the telecommunication industries in the United Kingdom.<ref name="Morris" /> | |||
In May 2011, Ofcom ruled that Press TV was responsible for a serious breach of UK broadcasting rules by airing a 10-second interview with Maziar Bahari, accepting that it had been obtained under duress while he was imprisoned.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sweney|first=Mark|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/may/23/iran-press-tv-maziar-bahari|title=Iran's Press TV censured for interview with arrested journalist|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=23 May 2011|access-date=25 May 2011|archive-date=26 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826001139/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/may/23/iran-press-tv-maziar-bahari|url-status=live}}</ref> Ofcom held a hearing in July 2011; the Press TV delegation included two British politicians who have worked as presenters for the channel.<ref name="CST2011" /> A fine of £100,000 ($155,000 in January 2012) was eventually imposed in November 2011, reversing an initial decision to revoke Press TV's licence.<ref name="Foster">{{cite news|last=Foster|first=Patrick|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/nov/30/ofcom-iran-press-tv|title=Ofcom reverses decision to revoke licence of Iran's Press TV|work=The Guardian|date=30 November 2011|access-date=13 July 2020|archive-date=6 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706180053/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/nov/30/ofcom-iran-press-tv|url-status=live}}</ref> The extent of the fine was partly due to Press TV continuing to run the interview after warnings from Ofcom that the station had broken the ].<ref name="Tms20111201" /> | |||
Responding to the decision, Press TV said Ofcom was "influenced by powerful pro-Israeli politicians and US sympathisers" and "members of the royal family and the government".<ref name="guardian141011">{{cite news |last1=Foster |first1=Patrick |title=Iran's Press TV accuses royal family of trying to take it off-air in UK |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/oct/14/iran-press-tv-royal-family-off-air |access-date=21 August 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=14 October 2011 |archive-date=7 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707211105/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/oct/14/iran-press-tv-royal-family-off-air |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Foster"/> It maintained Bahari was an "MI6 contact person".<ref name="TJP20120407">{{cite news|last=Paraszczuk|first=Joanna|url=https://www.jpost.com/international/iran-slams-bbc-over-film-about-israel-relations|title=Iran slams BBC over film about Israel relations|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=7 April 2012|access-date=13 July 2020|archive-date=14 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714104140/https://www.jpost.com/international/iran-slams-bbc-over-film-about-israel-relations|url-status=live}}</ref> Defenders of Press TV, such as ] and the broadcaster's legal representative, Farooq Bajwa, referred to a ] dated 4 February 2010. The cable said the British government was then "exploring ways to limit the operations of the IRIB's Press TV service" in response to the jamming by the Iranian government of broadcasts by the BBC Persian Service and the ].<ref name="BBC20111229" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/247209|title=US embassy cables: Retaliation planned after Iran jammed BBC broadcasts|work=The Guardian|date=5 December 2010|access-date=13 July 2020|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806135359/https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/247209|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Gdn20120124">{{cite news|last=Alderman|first=Geoffrey|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jan/24/suppressing-press-tv-ofcom-licence?newsfeed=true|title=Suppressing Press TV is deplorable – Ofcom should restore its licence now|work=The Guardian|date=24 January 2012|access-date=13 July 2020|quote=Whatever one thinks of Press TV's output, it expressed a certain viewpoint that it is important for us to have access to, even if we find it at times repugnant. Its UK licence should be speedily restored.|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806135034/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jan/24/suppressing-press-tv-ofcom-licence?newsfeed=true|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
On 20 January 2012, Press TV's licence to broadcast in the UK was revoked by Ofcom with immediate effect.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sweney|first=Mark|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/jan/20/iran-press-tv-loses-uk-licence|title=Iran's Press TV loses UK licence|work=The Guardian|date=20 January 2012|access-date=7 September 2015|archive-date=19 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819005533/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/jan/20/iran-press-tv-loses-uk-licence|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/enforcement/broadcast-licence-conditions/press-tv-revocation.pdf |title=Revocation : Provider of the Service : Press TV Limited : Introduction |publisher=Ofcom |access-date=7 September 2015 |archive-date=22 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222230833/http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/enforcement/broadcast-licence-conditions/press-tv-revocation.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The investigation into the Bahari case had revealed the applying company's direct connection to Tehran, and that editorial control came from there. An invitation to change this in the licence had not been taken up by Press TV.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16652356|title=Iran's Press TV loses UK licence|work=BBC News|date=20 January 2012|access-date=20 June 2018|archive-date=30 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730043311/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16652356|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="DTel20120120">{{cite news|last=Blair|first=David|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/9028435/Britain-bans-Irans-Press-TV-from-airwaves.html|title=Iran's Press TV loses UK licence|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 January 2012|access-date=13 July 2020|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629052239/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/9028435/Britain-bans-Irans-Press-TV-from-airwaves.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Geoffrey Alderman, who had appeared on Press TV to put the Zionist case, criticised the Ofcom decision, describing it as "thoroughly deplorable as well as palpably cynical" and "an affront to freedom of expression". He said the location of Press TV's editorial control had not changed since the licence was granted.<ref name="Gdn20120124" /> Press TV said Ofcom's decision was a "clear instance of censorship".<ref name="DTel20120120" /> However, it continued to broadcast in the UK via its YouTube and Facebook pages.<ref>{{cite news|last=Moore|first=Matthew|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/iranian-channel-dodges-ofcom-ban-with-online-television-shows-wr2rvfwt9|title=Iran broadcaster dodges ban by hosting ex-MPs in online show|work=The Times|date=22 October 2018|access-date=22 January 2021|archive-date=16 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416040624/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/iranian-channel-dodges-ofcom-ban-with-online-television-shows-wr2rvfwt9|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref> | |||
===Website domain seizure=== | |||
] | |||
On 22 June 2021, the presstv.com domain was seized from a company based in the United States by the ], shutting down Press TV's website and the websites of other Iranian media outlets.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Perez|first1=Evan|last2=Page|first2=Sharif|date=22 June 2021|title=US government seizes dozens of US website domains connected to Iran|work=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/22/politics/us-seizes-iran-website-domains/index.html|access-date=23 June 2021}}</ref><ref name=":0a" /> The Department of Justice said that these sites were sources of Iranian-linked disinformation and that proper licensing had not been acquired from the ] for the use of the domains.<ref name=":0a">{{cite news|last1=Debre|first1=Isabel|last2=Tucker|first2=Eric|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/iran-says-state-linked-sites-seized-by-us-reasons-unclear/2021/06/22/e84fa400-d385-11eb-b39f-05a2d776b1f4_story.html|title=US takes down Iran-linked news sites, alleges disinformation|newspaper=The Washington Post|agency=Associated Press|date=22 June 2021|access-date=23 June 2021|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210622235848/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/iran-says-state-linked-sites-seized-by-us-reasons-unclear/2021/06/22/e84fa400-d385-11eb-b39f-05a2d776b1f4_story.html|archive-date=22 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Debre|first1=Isabel|last2=Tucker|first2=Eric|date=23 June 2021|title=US takes down Iran-linked news sites, alleges disinformation|work=]|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/iran-state-linked-sites-seized-us-reasons-unclear-78424891}}</ref> Soon thereafter, the broadcaster changed the domain name for its website to use the ] ] and was back online.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/notices-iran-linked-websites-say-they-have-been-seized-by-us-2021-06-22/|title=U.S. blocks websites linked to Iranian disinformation|work=Reuters|date=23 June 2021|access-date=23 June 2021}}</ref> | |||
==Support for Press TV== | |||
In 2009, responding to ], ] and other critics, ], writing for the '']'', argued that "engaging with Iran, no matter who is in charge in Tehran, is a prerequisite for peace and progress in the region. The very fact that Press TV is Iranian-owned makes it the ideal English-language platform on which to do so."<ref name="Book me a slot on Press TV">{{cite news|last=Hasan|first=Mehdi|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/international-politics/2009/07/mehdi-hasan-press-iran-british-channel|title=Book me a slot on Press TV|work=New Statesman|date=16 July 2009|access-date=2 November 2020|archive-date=3 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203114812/https://www.newstatesman.com/international-politics/2009/07/mehdi-hasan-press-iran-british-channel|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
American conspiracy theorist ], whose views have often been featured by PressTV and Fars News, has stated that "Press TV, along with ] and ], have become the gold standard for reporting on international events and developments".<ref>{{cite news |title=James Fetzer: Talebzadeh's Students to Preserve World |url=https://www.farsnews.ir/en/news/14010230000648/James-Fezer-Talebzadeh%E2%80%99s-Sdens-Preserve-Wrld |access-date=October 16, 2019 |work=Fars News |date=May 23, 2022}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
{{Portal|Iran|Television}} | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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Latest revision as of 06:01, 12 December 2024
Iranian state-owned English-language news networkTelevision channel
Type | State-run media |
---|---|
Country | Iran |
Broadcast area | Worldwide |
Headquarters | Tehran, Iran |
Programming | |
Language(s) | English & French |
Picture format | 576i, 16:9 (SDTV) 1080i (HDTV) 1080p (HDTV) |
Ownership | |
Owner | Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting |
Sister channels | Al-Alam News Network HispanTV |
History | |
Launched | 8 July 2007; 17 years ago (2007-07-08) |
Links | |
Website | presstv |
Availability | |
Terrestrial | |
Jamaran | CH43 UHF Digital (SD) |
Alvand | CH34 UHF Digital (Full HD) |
Zuku TV (Kenya) | Channel 563 (Zuku Fiber only) |
Press TV (stylised as PRESSTV) is an Iranian state-owned propaganda outlet that broadcasts in the English and French languages owned by Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), the only organization legally able to transmit radio and TV broadcasts in Iran. The 24-hour channel, which has headquarters in Tehran, was launched on 8 July 2007 and was intended to compete with western English language services.
Background and purpose
Iran's first international English-language TV channel was established in 1976. Later in 1997, Sahar TV was launched by IRIB, broadcasting in multiple languages including English.
Press TV was created on 8 July 2007, for the purpose of presenting news, images and arguments, especially on Middle Eastern affairs, to counter the news coverage that appears on BBC World News, CNN International and Al Jazeera English. Press TV is state-funded and is a division of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), the only organisation legally able to transmit radio and television broadcasts inside Iran. Based in Tehran, it broadcasts to North America, Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and areas of Africa and Latin America.
IRIB's head is appointed directly by the supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei; according to The Guardian, it is close to the country's conservative political faction, especially the Revolutionary Guards.
Press TV CEO Mohammad Sarafraz said in a June 2007 press conference that, "Since September 11, Western bias has divided the media into two camps: those that favour their policies make up one group and the rest of the media are attached to radical Islamic groups like Al-Qaeda. We want to show that there is a different view. Iran, and the Shi'as in particular, have become a focal point of world propaganda. From the media point of view, we are trying to give a second eye to Western audiences."
By launching an English-language television network to promote an Iranian perspective of the world, together with an Arab-language station, the Al-Alam News Network, the Iranian government said it hoped "to address a global audience exposed to misinformation and mudslinging as regards the Islamic Republic of Iran." The two networks focus on "difficult issues in the Middle East such as the United States’ occupation of neighbouring Iraq and the Shia question." According to mediachannel.org, "the government aims to use Press TV to counter what it sees as a steady stream of Western propaganda against Iran as well as offer an alternative view of world news".
Press TV began its activities in London during 2007. The network's website launched in late January 2007, and the channel itself on 2 July 2007. Roshan Muhammed Salih was Press TV's first London news editor and chief correspondent. In an article for The Guardian in July 2009, Salih wrote that Press TV was "willing to give a platform to legitimate actors whom the western media will not touch, such as Hamas and Hezbollah".
The BBC journalist Linda Pressly described Press TV as pro-Palestinian and opposed to sanctions against Iran in December 2011. At the time Press TV Ltd in London sold programmes to Iran, principally talk shows, while Tehran's Press TV International produced the majority of the news and documentaries.
As of 2009, the annual budget of Press TV is 250 billion rials (more than US$8.3 million). By then, the station was employing more than 400 throughout the world.
Controversies
Pro-Iranian government bias
Press TV promotes Iranian foreign policy and has been described as Iranian government propaganda.
It has aired the coerced confessions of multiple prisoners, the basis for the revocation of its license to broadcast in the UK after such an incident. Press TV has disputed accusations made against it.
Press TV's news bulletins often feature Iranian ministers, diplomats or government officials, or guest commentators that express views consistent with the Iranian government's "message of the day." In 2012, commentator Douglas Murray wrote that the station was the "Iranian government’s propaganda channel".
In a post-election "information offensive," reports the Associated Press, Press TV and Al-Alam have "churned out a blitz of policy statements, negotiating points and news breaks as the main soapboxes for Iran's public diplomacy."
In 2007, the Canadian weekly Maclean's, while observing that "most of Press TV's news reports are factually accurate," alleged that Press TV also publishes "intentional errors," citing a story on the Press TV website that contained the claim, based on "no evidence, that the Lebanese government is trying to convert the Nahr al-Bared Palestinian refugee camp into an American military base."
In August 2009, Ofcom, the British broadcasting regulator, judged that two phone-in shows hosted by George Galloway on Press TV had broken its broadcasting code on impartiality in their coverage of the Gaza War by not including enough calls from pro-Israelis. Press TV said contributions to the show reflected the balance of opinion.
The Sunday Times journalist Eleanor Mills walked out before a Press TV interview in 2010 after discovering she was not being interviewed by Sky News, as she had falsely believed. While she was reassured on editorial independence from Tehran, Mills doubted she would be able to talk about torture in Iran or Neda Agha-Soltan, who was shot dead in the 2009 Iranian presidential election protests.
Antisemitism
Press TV has been accused by the UK's The Jewish Chronicle of broadcasting "the most disreputable of fringe causes", such as Holocaust denial, and of antisemitic conspiracy theories by the Anti-Defamation League.
It was accused in December 2011 by British journalist Nick Cohen of functioning as "a platform for the full fascist conspiracy theory of supernatural Jewish power". He wrote that "If whites ran Press TV, one would have no difficulty in saying it was a neo-Nazi network". Oliver Kamm in The Jewish Chronicle in 2009, of having an "ability to insinuate into public debate the worst and most pernicious ideas around", including Holocaust denial. Cohen mentioned that the station featured "fascist ideologues such as Peter Rushton, the leader of the White Nationalist Party – an organisation that disproves the notion that the only thing further to the right of the BNP is the wall."
In a September 2009, Press TV picked up and republished an antisemitic conspiracy theory that was circulating in Algeria and Morocco, accusing Jews of a conspiracy to kidnap Algerian children and harvest their organs. Moroccan journalist Hassan Masiky criticized Press TV for trafficking in a dangerous "work of fantasy" that is a "nonsense, nightmarish tale".
In a May 2011 article reprinted on the website of Press TV, correspondent Mark Dankof wrote an article about how the prediction of the fabricated antisemitic text Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion is "only partially true", and lauded Press TV as "one of the few exceptions to the Lobby's control" of the media.
In 2012, a report from the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) alleged that Press TV has broadcast what the ADL described as examples of anti-Semitic conspiracy theories and opinions. The report says Press TV for interviewing individuals such as the American conspiracy theorist David Duke who said on the station that Israel was involved in 9/11 and of the Iraq War, he said: "The Zionists orchestrated and created this war in the media, the government, and international finance". The ADL reported in 2013 that in another appearance, Duke made "anti-Semitic allegations that are consistent with his record and typical of the views often espoused on Press TV". Mark Dankof has also backed claims on Press TV that 9/11 was an "Israeli Mossad inside operation from start to finish".
In early 2015, Press TV claimed Jews or Israel were responsible for the Charlie Hebdo shooting in Paris. In a 20 January 2015 article by Kevin Barrett on the station's website he claimed that "The Zionists created ISIL and sent it to fight Muslims and Christians in Syria and Iraq" while "New World Order Zionism is also targeting the USA for destruction". In a 17 February 2015 article for the website, Barrett claimed 9/11 was a "Zionist ‘coup d'etat’ to seize power in the country and launch a permanent war on Islam on behalf of Israel" and falsely claimed the 2011 attacks in Norway was the responsibility of a "team of Zionist-liked professional killers."
In early March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Press TV broadcast an item claiming "Zionist elements developed a deadlier strain of coronavirus against Iran" and a few days later claimed Israel was responsible for the virus.
Publication of Holocaust denial
On the subject of International Holocaust Remembrance Day (27 January), an editorial on the Press TV website in 2008 noted, "On this anniversary, we all need to mull over the faking of history and the Greatest Lie Ever Told". In 2008, The Jerusalem Post and the British Searchlight magazine criticized Press TV for reprinting on its website an article entitled "The Walls of Auschwitz: A Review of the Chemical Studies" by the British Holocaust denier Nicholas Kollerstrom which was first published by the denial group, the Committee for Open Debate on the Holocaust (CODOH). The document claims that the Auschwitz gas chambers were used for "benign" purposes only and said "the alleged massacre of Jewish people by gassing during World War II was scientifically impossible". Press TV described Kollerstrom, by then removed as an honorary fellow of University College London (UCL) because of the article, as a "distinguished academic". Other Holocaust deniers to have appeared on the station include Michèle Renouf and Peter Rushton.
In a 2014 article on the website, the Canadian writer Brandon Martinez described Auschwitz as having been an appealing place where Jews were able to participate in "cultural and leisure activities". He rejected the existence of gas chambers during The Holocaust and the use of Zyklon B for the mass killings of European Jews. To make his assertions he drew on claims made by Holocaust deniers Mark Webber and David Irving.
In November 2013, the Press TV website reprinted an opinion piece in its 'Viewpoints' section, first written by M.I. Bhat for Veterans Today, although Bhat was a regular columnist for Press TV as well. The article blamed Jews for their fate in the Holocaust and accepted "the Nazi regime’s anti-Jewish conspiracy theories as historical fact". Bhat queried whether American Jews were "incubating another Hitler".
Maziar Bahari case
On 10 June 2010, the United Kingdom's Channel 4 News interviewed Iranian-Canadian journalist Maziar Bahari, a documentary maker and Newsweek contributor, who was arrested while filming the protests following the contested Iranian presidential election in 2009.
Held in Evin Prison, Bahari was accused of spying for the CIA, MI6 and Mossad, and was detained for 118 days. Bahari alleged that a 10-second Press TV interview and 'confession' that the western media was guilty of fomenting the protests had been preceded by torture, and was given under the threat of execution. The nature of the interview, that it was a forced confession, was not disclosed to viewers of the footage. Having to talk complete rubbish before a camera to save his life "was like a rape”, he told The Sunday Times in 2012. "It went against the very essence of me". Bahari is not the only Iranian prisoner who has been coerced with a following broadcast of the supposed confession.
Allegations about Canada
Following the severing of diplomatic relations between Canada and Iran in September 2012, Press TV began to devote more attention to Canada.
In December 2012, Press TV aired a report entitled "Alberta takes aboriginal kids from parents at high rate" in which Joshua Blakeney, Press TV's Calgary correspondent, claimed that Alberta's child protective services were engaged in the human trafficking of First Nations children. Blakeney stated that "Some upset parents allege that there is a profit motive behind what they refer to as Canada's so-called child protective services" and asserted that an anti-terrorism squad, called INSET, was responsible for the abductions.
One of the veiled women interviewed in the report (who was not identified) claimed that her "aboriginal children were taken by a squad of 32 police officers." Another woman interviewed stated that "It definitely is a money-making scheme, because a lot of native children have been sold into adoption, but it is also used as an assimilation program a genocidal program." The report also showed written messages of "Help me! Now!!", which were allegedly written by abducted children.
The allegations in the report were immediately denied by Government officials and Native leaders. Cindy Blackstock, an associate professor at the University of Alberta and executive director of the First Nations Child and Family Caring Society of Canada denied the report was true, stating that "The factors driving aboriginal children into care have been well-known for 15 years; it's poverty, poor housing and substance abuse. ... The federal government provides significantly less funding on reserves than for all other Canadians ... but I have never in my life heard of any military undertones to this."
Blakeney has also claimed in reports published or broadcast by Press TV, that the appearance of Canada's new $20 bill was evidence that Canada "remained an imperialist nation" and that "90% of Canadian youth felt stressed about careers." Blakeney subsequently claimed that his reports for Press TV are "defiantly illuminating the skeletons in Canada’s closet."
Another report made several charges against the Canadian government, including:
- Secret plans to "steal indigenous children";
- "Ignorance of the First Nation land rights";
- Jailing refugees without cause; and
- using excessive force to suppress student protests.
Another program interviewed Alfred Lambremont Webre, who was described as an "international lawyer" based in Vancouver. Webre stated Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper is an "out and out Zionist" who is engaging in the "same repressive policies within Canada that Israel follows within its own territories against the Palestinian people." Webre then described a conspiracy between Vancouver police and serial killer Robert Pickton "to commit ritual Satanic murders with high-ranking politicians." Finally, Webre claimed that Queen Elizabeth II abducted 10 Aboriginal children in 1964. Concluding his comments, Webre described Canada as "the ultimate Zionist state under the British Crown and under Israel."
In response, Paul Heinbecker, a former Canadian ambassador to the United Nations and a distinguished fellow at the Centre for International Governance Innovation at the University of Waterloo, has stated that Press TV is highlighting Canada's First Nations in order to "negate" Canadian reports of human rights allegations against Iran. Heinbecker stated that "The human rights situations in the two countries are scarcely comparable ... but our own very real shortcomings on Aboriginal issues ... are fodder for the Iranian efforts." Iranian native Payam Akhavan, a professor of international law at McGill University, stated that "Canada's diplomatic posture has elevated its ranking in the regime's demonology charts." Ed Corrigan, an immigration lawyer and former councillor for London, Ontario, is a regular guest on Press TV. Corrigan, who has said that "There's very few people in Canada who have more expertise on Middle East politics than I do," argues that Press TV is demonstrating the "international opinion" of Canada's treatment of its native peoples, explaining that "We tend to forget about our conquest of North America ... but most countries in the world see it as a colonial exercise."
Coverage of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Like the Kremlin, Press TV used Moscow's term "special operation" to describe the early days of the 2022 war in Ukraine. It also used headlines describing massacred civilians in Bucha as "fake attack" and "provocation" aimed at Russia.
Staff resignations
Nick Ferrari
Nick Ferrari, a British radio presenter on LBC, resigned from his show on Press TV on 30 June 2009, following the response of the country's authorities to protests over the disputed Iranian presidential election. Ferrari told The Times that Press TV's news coverage had been "reasonably fair" until the election—but was not any longer. Ferrari admitted joining Press TV "was one of the dimmest career decisions of my life", although he also said he had not been pressurized to adhere to any particular line.
Hassan Abdulrahman
In September 2009, The Times reported that Hassan Abdulrahman, born David Theodore Belfield, one of the chief editors of the Press TV website from the beginning of Press TV's news department, had stated that he left Press TV as chief online editor in July 2009 after the election in protest at its skewed coverage of that event. The Times quoted Abdulrahman as saying, "No, I don't think Press TV is about . By its nature, state journalism is not journalism. They have some programmes on there that might be, but generally it's not." In the article the Times also reported that Abdulrahman, who has also used the alias Dawud Salahuddin, is wanted by the FBI for shooting dead Ali Akbar Tabatabai, a former press attache at the pre-revolutionary Iranian embassy in Washington, in 1980. The Iranian government provided Belfield money and airfare to Tehran after he committed the killing, which he admitted to in 1995. (However, he denied that it was "murderous", stating that it was "an act of war...In Islamic religious terms, taking a life is sometimes sanctioned and even highly praised, and I thought that event was just such a time.")
Sheena Shirani
Sheena Shirani worked for Press TV from 2007 to January 2016 as an editor, producer and news presenter. She said that her news director Hamid Reza Emadi and studio manager Payam Afshar sexually harassed her for years, and published a recorded phone conversation with her boss Emadi. Press TV suspended both managers following the incident.
Sanctions and restrictions
In 2010, the Jammu and Kashmir government banned Press TV for airing video on the 2010 Qur'an-burning controversy saying "We have decided to impose a ban on the airing of Press TV broadcasts by local cable operators. We appeal to the people not to heed unverified reports about the alleged desecration of the Holy Koran which have only been aired by Press TV and no other television news channel in the world."
On 3 April 2012, Munich-based media regulator Bayerische Landeszentrale für neue Medien (BLM), announced it was removing Press TV from the SES Astra satellite, as they did not have a licence to broadcast in Europe.
In October 2012, Eutelsat stopped broadcasting Press TV on the order, the channel said, of the European Commission. The following month, the Hong Kong-based AsiaSat took Iranian channels off air in East Asia. The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting managed to resume broadcasts after striking deals with smaller companies that are based in other countries.
Google blocked Press TV access to their Gmail and YouTube in April 2019; although the latter remained active no new content could be added. YouTube removed Press TV UK from its platform in January 2020. Press TV accused Google, which owns YouTube, of censorship. The Press TV UK channel appeared after the original was removed. In April 2019, Press TV reported that Google blocked their access (along with HispanTV) "without prior notice, citing "violation of policies," and that they received a message saying "your Google Account was disabled and can’t be restored because it was used in a way that violates Google’s policies." Although their YouTube channels remain open, no new content can be published. Press TV claimed that Google "has refused to offer an explanation for shutting down the accounts," and that they have not violated any of Google's listed policies.
On 26 June 2008, Florida congressman Gus Bilirakis proposed to declare Press TV, Al-Alam News Network and several IRIB-affiliated channels as a "Specially Designated Global Terrorist entity."
On 15 September 2023, the United States Department of the Treasury added Press TV to the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC)'s Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List.
UK license revocation
Maziar Bahari, by then a British resident, complained to Ofcom, the regulatory authority for the telecommunication industries in the United Kingdom.
In May 2011, Ofcom ruled that Press TV was responsible for a serious breach of UK broadcasting rules by airing a 10-second interview with Maziar Bahari, accepting that it had been obtained under duress while he was imprisoned. Ofcom held a hearing in July 2011; the Press TV delegation included two British politicians who have worked as presenters for the channel. A fine of £100,000 ($155,000 in January 2012) was eventually imposed in November 2011, reversing an initial decision to revoke Press TV's licence. The extent of the fine was partly due to Press TV continuing to run the interview after warnings from Ofcom that the station had broken the Broadcasting Code.
Responding to the decision, Press TV said Ofcom was "influenced by powerful pro-Israeli politicians and US sympathisers" and "members of the royal family and the government". It maintained Bahari was an "MI6 contact person". Defenders of Press TV, such as Geoffrey Alderman and the broadcaster's legal representative, Farooq Bajwa, referred to a leaked American diplomatic cable dated 4 February 2010. The cable said the British government was then "exploring ways to limit the operations of the IRIB's Press TV service" in response to the jamming by the Iranian government of broadcasts by the BBC Persian Service and the Voice of America.
On 20 January 2012, Press TV's licence to broadcast in the UK was revoked by Ofcom with immediate effect. The investigation into the Bahari case had revealed the applying company's direct connection to Tehran, and that editorial control came from there. An invitation to change this in the licence had not been taken up by Press TV. Geoffrey Alderman, who had appeared on Press TV to put the Zionist case, criticised the Ofcom decision, describing it as "thoroughly deplorable as well as palpably cynical" and "an affront to freedom of expression". He said the location of Press TV's editorial control had not changed since the licence was granted. Press TV said Ofcom's decision was a "clear instance of censorship". However, it continued to broadcast in the UK via its YouTube and Facebook pages.
Website domain seizure
On 22 June 2021, the presstv.com domain was seized from a company based in the United States by the United States Department of Justice, shutting down Press TV's website and the websites of other Iranian media outlets. The Department of Justice said that these sites were sources of Iranian-linked disinformation and that proper licensing had not been acquired from the Office of Foreign Assets Control for the use of the domains. Soon thereafter, the broadcaster changed the domain name for its website to use the .ir top-level domain and was back online.
Support for Press TV
In 2009, responding to Peter Wilby, Dominic Lawson and other critics, Mehdi Hasan, writing for the New Statesman, argued that "engaging with Iran, no matter who is in charge in Tehran, is a prerequisite for peace and progress in the region. The very fact that Press TV is Iranian-owned makes it the ideal English-language platform on which to do so."
American conspiracy theorist James Fetzer, whose views have often been featured by PressTV and Fars News, has stated that "Press TV, along with RT and Sputnik News, have become the gold standard for reporting on international events and developments".
See also
References
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Whatever one thinks of Press TV's output, it expressed a certain viewpoint that it is important for us to have access to, even if we find it at times repugnant. Its UK licence should be speedily restored.
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External links
Media related to Press TV at Wikimedia Commons
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