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| {{Short description|Species of moss}} | |||
| {{wikify|date=May 2011}} | |||
| {{Speciesbox | |||
| {{Italictitle}}{{Taxobox | |||
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| | image = Polytrichum juniperinum.jpg | | image = Polytrichum juniperinum.jpg | ||
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| ⚫ | | genus = Polytrichum | ||
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| species = juniperinum | ||
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| authority = ] | ||
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| | classis = ] | |||
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| '''''Polytrichum juniperinum''''', commonly known as '''juniper haircap'''<ref name="BBS"/> or '''juniper polytrichum moss''',<ref name="NRCS"/> is an ] and ] species of ] that is widely distributed, growing on every continent including ].<ref name="FEIS"/> | |||
| | ordo = ] | |||
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| | genus = '']'' | |||
| | species = '''''P. juniperinum''''' | |||
| | binomial = ''Polytrichum juniperinum'' | |||
| ⚫ | }} |
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| '''''Polytrichum juniperinum''''', also known as '''juniper haircap moss''', is an ] and ] plant that is widely distributed, growing on every continent including Antartica.<ref name= "Fryer, Janet L. Polytrichum juniperinum">, Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.</ref><ref name= "Willd. Polytrichum Juniperinum Plants For A Future.">, Plants For A Future. Plant Database.</ref> | |||
| ==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| The stems are reddish with grey-green leaves that have a distinctive red-brown tip.<ref name= |
The stems are reddish with grey-green ] that have a distinctive red-brown tip.<ref name="BMAL"/> This characteristic allows them to be separated from the bristly haircap ('']''), a plant that the juniper haircap moss closely resembles. The difference is that the bristly haircap has a clear (white) leaf tip.<ref name="Ecomare"/> The leaves of juniper haircap moss are lanceolate and upright spreading when dry, and when moist, wide-spreading. Although their growth form can be varied, they generally grow in thin, interwoven mats, and hardly as closely associated individuals.<ref name="FEIS" /> Juniper haircap moss have a well-developed system of tiny tubes for carrying water from the ]s to leaves that is uncharacteristic of mosses, resembling the system that has evolved in ]s such as ]s, ] and ]. As a result of this developed system, stems have greater potential for height than in typical mosses.<ref name="FEIS" /> | ||
| ==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| Juniper haircap moss |
Juniper haircap moss grows across a wide range of habitats but it is most commonly found on dry, acidic, exposed habitats.<ref name="BMAL" /> It is frequent in areas previously disturbed by ] and ]. Other areas they occupy are mineral soil, humus and rocks, stumps, banks, trailsides and dry open woods.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} Although Juniper haircap moss is not usually found in moist or wet environments, it has been found growing on moist woods and other moist sites such as streambanks.<ref name="FEIS" /> | ||
| ==Reproduction== |
==Reproduction== | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] of ''Polytrichum juniperinum''.]] | ] of ''Polytrichum juniperinum''.]] | ||
| It is a dioecious plant, meaning that the male and female gametophytes are on separate plants. Juniper haircap moss have very obvious male and female parts. Male plants are said to be unusual because they continue growing without losing the old male organs.<ref name= |
It is a ] plant, meaning that the male and female ] are on separate plants. Juniper haircap moss have very obvious male and female parts. Male plants are said to be unusual because they continue growing without losing the old male organs.<ref name="Ecomare" /> The male plants are very noticeable due to their bright reddish orange modified leaves that form small terminal 'flowers' at the shoot ends.<ref name="BMAL" /> The plant has a gametophyte dominant life cycle similar to other mosses. Water is required for reproduction to take place, to enable the sperm to swim down the neck of the ] to reach the egg. Once fertilization takes place, the sporophyte of the juniper haircap moss lives on the female gametophyte, growing out of the archegonia. The sporophyte consists of a foot, stalk, a spore capsule, an ], and a ].<ref name="FEIS" /> There are 64 short blunt teeth at the top surrounding the capsule mouth and the hood of the capsule, the calyptra, has long hairs that extends down the entire length of the capsule, hence the name 'haircap moss'.<ref name="FEIS" /> | ||
| ==Medicinal use== | |||
| The herb has important medicinal uses because it is believed to be a form of a ].<ref name= "Runesson, Ulf T. 2007. Polytrichum Juniperinum haircap mosses" /> Because it increases urinary secretions, it is useful in the treatment of urinary obstructions and dropsy, an old term for today's edema, which is defined by medicinenet as the swelling of tissue due to accumulation of excess water. The plant is also considered to be excellent for long term use because it does not cause nausea.<ref name= "Willd. Polytrichum Juniperinum Plants For A Future." /><ref name= "Runesson, Ulf T. 2007. Polytrichum Juniperinum haircap mosses" /> | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{Reflist|refs= | |||
| <references /> | |||
| <ref name="BBS">{{cite book |last1=Edwards |first1=Sean R. |title=English Name for British Bryophytes |date=2020 |publisher=British Bryological Society |page=79 |edition=Web edition 5.02 |url=https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/English_Names-5.02-web.pdf |access-date=8 May 2023}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="NRCS">{{PLANTS |id=POJU70 |taxon=Polytrichum juniperinum |access-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="FEIS">{{cite web |last1=Fryer |first1=Janet L. |title=Polytrichum juniperinum |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/bryophyte/poljun/all.html |website=Fire Effects Information System |publisher=U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412130048/http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/bryophyte/poljun/all.html |archive-date=12 April 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="BMAL">{{cite web |title=Polytrichum juniperinum |url=http://www.bbsfieldguide.org.uk/content/polytrichum-juniperinum |website=British Mosses and Liverworts, a field guide |publisher=The British Bryological Society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509125540/http://www.bbsfieldguide.org.uk/content/polytrichum-juniperinum |archive-date=9 May 2013 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Ecomare">{{cite web |title=Juniper haircap |url=http://www.ecomare.nl/en/ecomare-encyclopedie/organisms/plants/moss/moss-species/screw-moss/juniper-haircap/ |website=Ecomare |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726224405/http://www.ecomare.nl/en/ecomare-encyclopedie/organisms/plants/moss/moss-species/screw-moss/juniper-haircap/ |archive-date=26 Jul 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
| }} | |||
| {{Taxonbar|from=Q140352}} | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 00:26, 9 May 2023
Species of moss
| Polytrichum juniperinum | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Bryophyta |
| Class: | Polytrichopsida |
| Order: | Polytrichales |
| Family: | Polytrichaceae |
| Genus: | Polytrichum |
| Species: | P. juniperinum |
| Binomial name | |
| Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. | |
Polytrichum juniperinum, commonly known as juniper haircap or juniper polytrichum moss, is an evergreen and perennial species of moss that is widely distributed, growing on every continent including Antarctica.
Description
The stems are reddish with grey-green leaves that have a distinctive red-brown tip. This characteristic allows them to be separated from the bristly haircap (Polytrichum piliferum), a plant that the juniper haircap moss closely resembles. The difference is that the bristly haircap has a clear (white) leaf tip. The leaves of juniper haircap moss are lanceolate and upright spreading when dry, and when moist, wide-spreading. Although their growth form can be varied, they generally grow in thin, interwoven mats, and hardly as closely associated individuals. Juniper haircap moss have a well-developed system of tiny tubes for carrying water from the rhizoids to leaves that is uncharacteristic of mosses, resembling the system that has evolved in vascular plants such as ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms. As a result of this developed system, stems have greater potential for height than in typical mosses.
Distribution
Juniper haircap moss grows across a wide range of habitats but it is most commonly found on dry, acidic, exposed habitats. It is frequent in areas previously disturbed by fire and logging. Other areas they occupy are mineral soil, humus and rocks, stumps, banks, trailsides and dry open woods. Although Juniper haircap moss is not usually found in moist or wet environments, it has been found growing on moist woods and other moist sites such as streambanks.
Reproduction
It is a dioecious plant, meaning that the male and female gametophytes are on separate plants. Juniper haircap moss have very obvious male and female parts. Male plants are said to be unusual because they continue growing without losing the old male organs. The male plants are very noticeable due to their bright reddish orange modified leaves that form small terminal 'flowers' at the shoot ends. The plant has a gametophyte dominant life cycle similar to other mosses. Water is required for reproduction to take place, to enable the sperm to swim down the neck of the archegonia to reach the egg. Once fertilization takes place, the sporophyte of the juniper haircap moss lives on the female gametophyte, growing out of the archegonia. The sporophyte consists of a foot, stalk, a spore capsule, an operculum, and a calyptra. There are 64 short blunt teeth at the top surrounding the capsule mouth and the hood of the capsule, the calyptra, has long hairs that extends down the entire length of the capsule, hence the name 'haircap moss'.
References
- Edwards, Sean R. (2020). English Name for British Bryophytes (PDF) (Web edition 5.02 ed.). British Bryological Society. p. 79. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
- NRCS. "Polytrichum juniperinum". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 4 February 2016.
- ^ Fryer, Janet L. "Polytrichum juniperinum". Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022.
- ^ "Polytrichum juniperinum". British Mosses and Liverworts, a field guide. The British Bryological Society. Archived from the original on 9 May 2013.
- ^ "Juniper haircap". Ecomare. Archived from the original on 26 Jul 2011.
| Taxon identifiers | |
|---|---|
| Polytrichum juniperinum |
|