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{{Infobox Palestinian Authority muni {{Infobox settlement
|name=Anabta | name = Anabta
| translit_lang1 = Arabic
|image3=Anabta_Municipal_Seal.jpg
| translit_lang1_type = ]
|imgsize3=140
| translit_lang1_info = عنبتا
|caption3=Seal of the Anabta Municipality
| translit_lang1_type1 = ]
|image=View_of_Anabta.jpg
| translit_lang1_info1 = 'Anabta (official)<br />'Anabta and Iktaba (unofficial)
|imgsize=280
| type = ]
|caption=View of Anabta from the nearby town of ]
| image_skyline = View_of_Anabta.jpg
|arname=عنبتا
| image_caption = View of Anabta
|meaning=
| image_blank_emblem =
|founded=
| blank_emblem_type = Seal of the Anabta Municipality
|type=munc
| pushpin_map = Palestine#West Bank
|typefrom=
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Anabta within ]
|altOffSp='Anabta
| image_map =
|altUnoSp='Anabta and Iktaba
| map_caption =
|latd=32 |latm=18 |lats=25.80|latNS=N
| coordinates = {{Coord|32|18|26|N|35|07|01|E|region:PS-TKM_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|longd=35 |longm=07|longs=01.00|longEW=E
| grid_name = ]
|governorate=tk
| grid_position = 161/190
|population=8,300
| subdivision_type = State
|popyear=2009
| subdivision_name = ]
|area=
| subdivision_type1 = ]
|areakm=
| subdivision_name1 = ]
|mayor= Yasser Barakat
| established_title = Founded
|pushpin_map=Palestine
| established_date =
| government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| government_type = ]
| leader_title = Head of Municipality
| leader_name = Hamdallah. H. Hamdallah
| unit_pref = dunam
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_total_dunam =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_min_m =
| elevation_max_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 8,077
| population_as_of = 2017
| population_note =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| blank_name_sec1 = Name meaning
| blank_info_sec1 = grapes<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. </ref>
| website =
| footnotes =
}} }}

'''Anabta''' ({{lang-ar|'''عنبتا'''}}) is a ] town in the ] in the northern ], located 9 kilometers east of ]. According to the ], Anabta had a population of 7,300 inhabitants in 2006.<ref> ]</ref> The town has an urban area of about 1,300 ]s. Most of its exterior lands are planted with olives, figs and almonds or covered by forests. Water is provided by five underground wells, with distribution supervised by the town's municipality.<ref name="TV"> Palestine Information Centre.</ref>
'''Anabta''' ({{langx|ar|عنبتا}}) is a ] town in the ] in the northern ], located 9 kilometers east of ]. According to the ], Anabta had a population of 8,077 inhabitants in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364-1.pdf|title=Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census 2017|author=]|date=February 2018|access-date=May 19, 2023|page=68}}</ref> Anabta is administered by a municipal council and is one of the oldest municipalities in the ].<ref name="AnabtaMuni"/>


==Etymology== ==Etymology==
The name is derived from the word Enabta, which meant "grape" or "berry" in Aramaic and Syriac.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Ran Zadok|title =Notes on Modern Palestinian Toponymy|journal=Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins|volume= 101 | issue =2 | year=1985|pages= 156–161|jstor=27931263}}</ref> Many grape presses have been found in the hills around the village.<ref name="AnabtaMuni"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903235008/http://www.anabta.org/ShowSection.aspx?id=5 |date=2011-09-03 }} Anabta Municipality entry titled "عنبتا" (Arabic)</ref>
Anabta is a two-part word consisting of "Anab" (] for grape) and "Ta," a word referencing a Roman village. The name as evidenced by the large number of grape presses hewn in the rocks of the hills surrounding the city.<ref> Anabta Muncipality entry titled "عنبتا" (Arabic)</ref> The name 'Anebta may also originate from '''Ain Narbata'', Narbata being a place mentioned by ] used as a refuge for the Jews of ] from the Romans in 66 CE.<ref name="DalmanLevertoff1935">{{cite book|author1=Gustaf Dalman|author2=Paul Philip Levertoff|title=Sacred sites and ways: studies in the topography of the Gospels|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yHGCAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=14 June 2011|year=1935|publisher=Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge|page=224}}</ref>


==History== ==History==
During the Roman and Byzantine period, Anabta was ] village in western ].<ref name="TsafrirSegni1994">{{cite book|author1=Yoram Tsafrir|author2=Leah Di Segni|author3=Judith Green|title=Tabula Imperii Romani Iudaea-Palestina: Eretz Israel in the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Periods; Maps and Gazetteer|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=8XJtAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=14 June 2011|year=1994|publisher=The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities|isbn=9789652081070|page=62}}</ref><ref name="Tsafrir">{{cite book | author = Yoram Tsafrir, Leah Di Segni and Judith Green | title = Tabula Imperii Romani: Judaea, Palaestina | publisher = Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities | location = Jerusalem | year = 1994 | page = 62}}</ref> A tradition connects the village with ], a Samaritan religious leader.<ref name="Zertal2000">{{cite book|author=Adam Zertal|title=Culture and history of the ancient Near East|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Vt-IvRhCEyYC&pg=PA370|accessdate=14 June 2011|year=2000|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004137561|page=370}}</ref> The Samaritans claim to be descended from an ancient ] tribes. The Samaritan chronicler ] (14th-century) mentions that Dositheos died of starvation after going to 'Anbata where he hid in a cave, fasting in an effort to gain wisdom.<ref name="Crown1989">{{cite book|author=Alan David Crown|title=The Samaritans|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pzo6KAH3FmUC&pg=PA320|accessdate=14 June 2011|year=1989|publisher=Mohr Siebeck|isbn=9783161452376|page=320}}</ref>


===Roman and Byzantine era===
Some of olive trees still existing in Anabta are said to date back to the time of ]. During the reign of Sultan ] in the 13th century, Anabta was used as a center point to supply the Muslim armies warring against the ] and the ]. The location was chosen because it was considered relatively easy to protest as the area is nestled between two large hills.<ref name="AnabtaMuni"/>
]s from the ], early and late ] and the ] eras have been found here.<ref name=Zertal370>Zertal, 2004, p. </ref>


During Roman and Byzantine rule, Anabta was a ] village.<ref name="TsafrirSegni1994">Tsafrir, Di Segni and Green, 1994, p. 62</ref> A tradition connects the village with ], a Samaritan religious leader possibly active during the 1st century CE.<ref name=Zertal370/> The Samaritan chronicler ] (14th century) mentions that Dositheos died of starvation after going to 'Anbata where he hid in a cave, fasting in an effort to gain wisdom.<ref name="Crown1989">{{cite book|author=Alan David Crown|title=The Samaritans|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzo6KAH3FmUC&pg=PA320|access-date=14 June 2011|year=1989|publisher=Mohr Siebeck|isbn=978-3-16-145237-6|page=320}}</ref> Some olive trees still existing in Anabta are said to date back to ] times.
In 1596, Anabta appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the '']'' of Jabal Sami of the '']'' of Nablus. It had a population of 55 Muslim households and paid taxes on wheat, barley, summercrops, olives, goats or beehives, and press for grapes or olives.<ref>{{cite book | author = Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth and Kamal Abdulfattah | title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft | page = 127}}</ref>


According to the ]'s '']'', the site appeared "ancient",<ref name=SWP158>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. </ref> and rock-cut ]s and a tank of good masonry had been found.<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. </ref><ref>Dauphin, 1998, p. 762</ref>
In 1648, Ottoman traveller ] found the village inhabited by 100 Druze families.<ref name="Antiquities1935">{{cite book|author=Palestine. Department of Antiquities|title=Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=A2HVAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=14 June 2011|year=1935|publisher=Pub. for the government of Palestine by H. Milford|page=154|quote=Farther south lies the village of 'Anebta, situated in a valley and inhabited Ia by one hundred Druze families}}</ref>


Pottery sherds from the early ] and Medieval eras have also been found here.<ref name=Zertal370/>
Anabta is administered by a municipal council and is one of the oldest municipalities in the ]. The first local council was established in 1923 and was promoted to a municipal council in 1954.<ref> Anabta Muncipality entry titled "عنبتا" (Arabic)</ref> In 1936, two Jewish drivers were shot and killed on the Nablus-Tulkarm road in an area just west of Anabta. This event is largely credited to being the first event in the largely unsuccessful ].<ref>, ''Palestine Post'', Friday, 17 April 1936.</ref> A now removed portion of the ] ran through the middle of the town parallel to the main street.<ref name="AnabtaMuni"> Anabta Muncipality entry titled "عنبتا" (Arabic)</ref>


===Mamluk and Ottoman eras===
==Geography==
During the reign of ] ] in the 13th century, Anabta served as a central staging point from which to supply the Muslim armies fighting ] and ] incursions. The location was chosen because it was considered relatively easy to protect as the area is nestled between two large hills.<ref name="AnabtaMuni"/>
Anabta is located 19 kilomeeters west of Nablus and 9 kilometers east of Tulkarm. The town is bordered to the north by the village of ], the south by the town of ], the east by the village of ] and the northwest by the town of ]. The city is elevated 150 meters above sea level.<ref> Anabta Muncipality entry titled "عنبتا" (Arabic)</ref><ref> Palestine Remembered</ref>


During ] rule, Anabta was listed in the 1596 ] as being in the '']'' of Jabal Sami of the '']'' of Nablus. It had a population of 55 Muslim households who paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on wheat, barley, summer crops, olives, goats or beehives, and presses for grapes or olives; a total of 13,757 ].<ref>Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 127</ref>
Anabta is surrounded by hills on all sides with a small valley that runs through the center of the town. <ref> Anabta Muncipality entry titled "عنبتا" (Arabic)</ref>


In 1852, the American scholar ] visited the village. He described it as "large and well built", with two ]s by the stream. There were many ]s there, as the village was on the main route for camels from Nablus to Ramleh.<ref>Robinson and Smith, 1856, pp. -126</ref>
==Effects of occupation==

Anabta rests on the edge of ] of the Tulkarm area, which means the city is under full security and civil jurisdiction of the ]. The ] ] is situated to the southeast of the city and an ] is positioned on the eastern entrance of the town which effectively controls the resident's access to the rest of the northern West Bank.<ref> B'Tselem</ref>
In 1870/1871 (1288 ]), an Ottoman census listed the village in the '']'' (sub-district) of Wadi al-Sha'ir.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Grossman |first=David |title=Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine |publisher=Magnes Press |year=2004 |location=Jerusalem |pages=253}}</ref>

In 1882, the ]'s '']'' described it as a village of moderate size, in the valley, with ]s around it. It also had a mill.<ref name="SWP158" /> A portion of the ] used to run through the centre of the town, parallel to the main street.<ref name="AnabtaMuni" />

===British Mandate era===
]
The first local council in Anabta was established in 1922 during the ].<ref name="Blue Book 1926">{{cite book|author=Government of Palestine|title=Blue Book: Contains also Civil list, Meteorological observations, Communications, Statistics, etc.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=So1QAQAAIAAJ&q=anebta|access-date=24 April 2017|year=1926|publisher=Palestine|page=39}}</ref><ref>Official Gazette of the Government of Palestine, No. 71, 15 July 1922, pp. 7–8</ref> In the ], on the night of April 15, 1936, a prelude to the ], about 20 vehicles traveling on the road outside Anabta were stopped at a road block constructed for the purpose by armed villagers, and forced to hand over weapons and cash. 3 Jewish drivers were separated from the non-Jewish drivers and shot, 2 died of their injuries, the third survived.<ref>, ''Palestine Post'', Friday, 17 April 1936.</ref><ref></ref> In June, an attack by Arab irregulars on a civilian bus convoy escalated into the ], a brief but intense fight between Arab militants and the British army involving air attacks on the Arab fighters.<ref name="Williams1936">{{cite book|author=Michael Williams|title=Commonweal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Aks8AAAAMAAJ|access-date=14 June 2011|date=25 October 1936|publisher=Commonweal Pub. Corp.|page=266|quote=A number of casualties were reported from Palestine as clashes between Arabs and British troops occurred in the Tel Aviv region. The most serious occurrence was a battle at Anabta involving bombers.}}</ref> On October 12, 1936, when the rebellion stopped, ] reporter described the village during his visit to it, he said: "Anabta, the scene of several encounters between British troops and Arabs, was the only place through which I passed where the inhabitants showed truculence".<ref name=ArabsAttack>{{cite news|title=Anabta, the scene of several encounters between British troops and Arabs|url= http://www.thelincolnshireregiment.org/malta+palestine.shtml|access-date=27 April 2017|publisher=]}}</ref>
]

===Jordanian era===
In the wake of the ], and after the ], Anabta came under ].

In 1954, Anabta became a municipal council.<ref name="AnabtaMuni"/>

In 1961, the population of Anabta was 4,018.<ref>Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. </ref>

===Post-1967===
Since the ] in 1967, Anabta has been under ]. Shortly after the war, Anabta underwent major development and achieved ] status.<ref name="Stendel1968">{{cite book|author=Ori Stendel|title=Arab villages in Israel and Judea-Samaria (the West Bank): a comparison in social development|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sCVbAAAAIAAJ|access-date=5 June 2011|year=1968|publisher=Israel Economist|page=30}}</ref> According to Israel's ], the village was connected to the Israeli electric grid.<ref name="ha-biṭaḥon1968">{{cite book|author=Israel. Miśrad ha-biṭaḥon|title=The Israel administration in Judaea, Samaria and Gaza: a record of progress|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bQ9bAAAAIAAJ|access-date=5 June 2011|year=1968|publisher=Ministry of Defence|page=53}}</ref> Anabta lies on the edge of the Tulkarm district's Area A, a ], which means the city became under full security and civil jurisdiction of the ].{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}

==Geography==
Anabta is located 19 kilometers west of Nablus and 9 kilometers east of Tulkarm. The town is bordered to the north by the village of ], the south by the town of ], the east by the village of ] and the northwest by the town of ]. The city is elevated ].<ref name="AnabtaMuni"/><ref> Palestine Remembered</ref> Surrounded by hills on all sides, a small valley that runs through the center of the town.<ref name="AnabtaMuni"/> The town has an urban area of about 1,300 ]s. Most of its exterior lands are planted with olives, figs and almonds or covered by forests. Water is provided by five underground ], with distribution supervised by the town's municipality.<ref name="TV">{{in lang|ar}} Palestine Information Centre.</ref> The ] ] is located southeast of the city and an ] is positioned at the eastern entrance of the town.<ref> B'Tselem</ref>


==Demographics== ==Demographics==
In 1875 the population numbered 1,800.<ref name="GuerinS2">{{cite book | author = M. V. Guérin | title = Description géographique, historique et archéologique de la Palestine | volume = Samarie II | location = Paris | year = 1875 | page = 213|quote=A cinq kilomètres au nord-oest du Kharbet Kefr Lebed, un grand village, occupant à la fois un vallon et un monticule , compte 1,800 habitants; il se nomme A'nebta, Plusieurs citernes et quelques tombeaux antiques creusés dans le roc attestent qu'il a succédé à une ancienne ville, dont la Bible ne parle pas.}}</ref> The number of inhabitants in Anabta in 1922 was about 1,606 people — which rose to about 3,120 people in 1945, while the number of inhabitants in 1967 after its occupation by ] was about 3,400. By 1987, there were 5,700 residents in Anabta. In 2009, there were 8,300 residents in Anabta.<ref name="TV"/> By an 1870 visitor, the population was estimated at 1,800.<ref name="GuerinS2">Guérin, 1875, p. ''A cinq kilomètres au nord-oest du Kharbet Kefr Lebed, un grand village, occupant à la fois un vallon et un monticule, compte 1,800 habitants; il se nomme A'nebta, Plusieurs citernes et quelques tombeaux antiques creusés dans le roc attestent qu'il a succédé à une ancienne ville, dont la Bible ne parle pas.''</ref> At the time of the ], Anabta had a population of 1,606 Muslims.<ref name="Census1922">Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Tulkarem, p.</ref> In the ], the combined population of Anabta, ] and ] was 2498; 2,457 Muslims, 34 Christians and 1 Druze living in 502 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. </ref> In ], the combined population of Anabta and Iktaba was 3,120.<ref name=VS1945>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. </ref><ref name=1945p20>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. </ref> Between 1922 and 1947, the population increased by 110%.<ref>Transformation in Arab Settlement, ], in ''The Land that Became Israel: Studies in Historical Geography'', ] (ed), Magnes Press, Jerusalem 1989, p.177</ref>


In 1967, the population was 3,400, rising to 5,700 by 1987 and 8,300 by 2009.<ref name="TV"/>
Residents of Anabta are typically divided among two large umbrella families, 'Amr and Al-Jetawi. These families are then divided twice into smaller families.<ref> Anabta Family Tree</ref> Anabta also contains a significant population of Palestinians from ] who are not classified among the families.

{| class="wikitable"
=== Clans ===
|-
Residents of Anabta belong to two large clans, 'Amr and Al-Jetawi. These families are then divided into smaller families.<ref> Anabta Family Tree{{dead link|date=August 2021|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Residents of the village have origins in Hebron, Kafr ad-Dik and other locations.<ref>Grossman, D. (1986). "Oscillations in the Rural Settlement of Samaria and Judaea in the Ottoman Period". in '''Shomron studies'''. Dar, S., Safrai, S., (eds). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House. p. 346</ref> Anabta also contains a significant population of Palestinians from ] who are not classified among the families.
! 'Amr !! Al-Jetawi
|-
| ''''Amr''': 'Amr, Jadallah, Thwabi, Shehab, Kan'an, Subhi, 'Awad, Harash, Shehadi, Jaber || '''Sharaqa''': Nour, Najjar, Abo-'asal, Shahadi, Bdran, Abo-as'ad, Qabshawi, Abo-kamli, Al-toom
|-
| '''Barakat''': Barakat, Abo-'Aoun, Sdla, 'Adas, Belbesi, Ash-shaeb, Abo-shash, Sabah, Salami, Abo-Jamus, Al-farkh || '''Ism'ael:''' Ism'ael, Hamdallah, Qablawi, Hudali, Belbesi, Abo-'alia, Y'aqub, Nasar, Al-Asmar
|-
| ''''Abd-daiem''': 'Abd-daiem, Hejaz, Mar'ie, Hanoun, Makhlouf, Qaras, Kan'an, Zaq, S'ada, 'Abeed, Abo-'asha, Sawan, Taha || '''Qubbaj''': Qubbaj, Sha'ar, Fayyad, Nasrallah
|-
| '''Melhem''': Melhem, Sus, Sbeitan, Mwaswasi, Razaq || '''Mezeid''': Mezeid, Ziad, 'Awad, Salami, Alhalu, Khdaer, Shahadi, Hamed, 'Akka, Qar'ai
|-
| || '''Fuq'ha''': Fuq'ha, 'Absa, A'araj, Razaq, 'Abd-samad, Sanjaq, Belbesi
|-
| || '''Nasar''': Nasar, Sabubi, 'Awartani, Barqawi, Abo-raya, Zarbul
|}


==Education== ==Education==
The town has two high schools and four elementary schools that are maintained and funded by the Palestinian Authority Ministry of Education.<ref> Anabta Muncipality entry titled "عنبتا" (Arabic)</ref> The town has two high schools and four elementary schools that are maintained and funded by the Palestinian Authority Ministry of Education.<ref name="AnabtaMuni"/>


==Notable residents== ==Health care==
The St John of Jerusalem Eye Hospital Group operates a clinic in Anabta envisaged as a centre for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy in the northern West Bank.<ref></ref>
] - President of ]


==Notable residents, or people from Anabta==
==External links==
* ], ]<ref>, 13 Aug 2013.</ref><ref name="NewPM">{{cite web |url=http://www.latimes.com/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-palestinian-authority-cabinet-20130919,0,1784454.story |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920085753/http://www.latimes.com/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-palestinian-authority-cabinet-20130919,0,1784454.story |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 September 2013 |title=New Palestinian Authority government carbon copy of old |work=] |date=19 September 2013 |access-date=23 February 2014}}</ref> and president of ]<ref></ref>
<br>
* ], Palestinian political and Commander in ]
* ], former Palestinian presidential candidate
* ], novelist, poet and author
*], Minister of ]


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist|25em}}


==Bibliography==
{{Tulkarm Governorate}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 |publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=]|volume=2}}
*{{cite book | last= Dauphin |first = C.|author-link= Claudine Dauphin | title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ |volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford|language =fr|isbn= 0-860549-05-4}}
*{{cite book | title = First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population | author = Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics | year = 1964|url=http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}}
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr04gugoog|volume=2: Samarie, pt. 2|year=1875|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center|access-date=2013-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208215837/http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|archive-date=2018-12-08|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite book | last1= Hütteroth |first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth|first2=K. | last2=Abdulfattah |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah| title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|isbn= 3-920405-41-2}}
*{{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=]}}
*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1856|url=https://archive.org/details/laterbiblicalre01smitgoog |title=Later Biblical Researches in Palestine and adjacent regions: A Journal of Travels in the year 1852| location=London|publisher=]}}
*{{cite book |author1=Tsafrir, Y. |author-link1=Yoram Tsafrir|author2=Leah Di Segni |author3=Judith Green | title = (TIR): Tabula Imperii Romani: Judaea, Palaestina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8XJtAAAAMAAJ | publisher = Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities | location = Jerusalem | year = 1994 | isbn=965-208-107-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Zertal|first=A.|author-link=Adam Zertal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt-IvRhCEyYC |title=The Manasseh Hill Country Survey|volume=1|location=Boston|publisher=BRILL|year=2004|isbn=9004137564}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
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Latest revision as of 09:48, 28 October 2024

Municipality type C in Tulkarm, State of Palestine
Anabta
Municipality type C
Arabic transcription(s)
 • Arabicعنبتا
 • Latin'Anabta (official)
'Anabta and Iktaba (unofficial)
View of AnabtaView of Anabta
Anabta is located in State of PalestineAnabtaAnabtaLocation of Anabta within PalestineShow map of State of PalestineAnabta is located in the West BankAnabtaAnabtaAnabta (the West Bank)Show map of the West Bank
Coordinates: 32°18′26″N 35°07′01″E / 32.30722°N 35.11694°E / 32.30722; 35.11694
Palestine grid161/190
StateState of Palestine
GovernorateTulkarm
Government
 • TypeMunicipality
 • Head of MunicipalityHamdallah. H. Hamdallah
Population
 • Total8,077
Name meaninggrapes

Anabta (Arabic: عنبتا) is a Palestinian town in the Tulkarm Governorate in the northern West Bank, located 9 kilometers east of Tulkarm. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Anabta had a population of 8,077 inhabitants in 2017. Anabta is administered by a municipal council and is one of the oldest municipalities in the Tulkarm Governorate.

Etymology

The name is derived from the word Enabta, which meant "grape" or "berry" in Aramaic and Syriac. Many grape presses have been found in the hills around the village.

History

Roman and Byzantine era

Sherds from the Hellenistic, early and late Roman and the Byzantine eras have been found here.

During Roman and Byzantine rule, Anabta was a Samaritan village. A tradition connects the village with Dositheos, a Samaritan religious leader possibly active during the 1st century CE. The Samaritan chronicler Abu l-Fath (14th century) mentions that Dositheos died of starvation after going to 'Anbata where he hid in a cave, fasting in an effort to gain wisdom. Some olive trees still existing in Anabta are said to date back to Roman times.

According to the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine, the site appeared "ancient", and rock-cut tombs and a tank of good masonry had been found.

Pottery sherds from the early Muslim and Medieval eras have also been found here.

Mamluk and Ottoman eras

During the reign of Mamluk Sultan Baibars al-Bunduqdari in the 13th century, Anabta served as a central staging point from which to supply the Muslim armies fighting Crusader and Mongol incursions. The location was chosen because it was considered relatively easy to protect as the area is nestled between two large hills.

During Ottoman rule, Anabta was listed in the 1596 Ottoman tax register as being in the Nahiya of Jabal Sami of the Liwa of Nablus. It had a population of 55 Muslim households who paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on wheat, barley, summer crops, olives, goats or beehives, and presses for grapes or olives; a total of 13,757 akçe.

In 1852, the American scholar Edward Robinson visited the village. He described it as "large and well built", with two watermills by the stream. There were many camels there, as the village was on the main route for camels from Nablus to Ramleh.

In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of Wadi al-Sha'ir.

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described it as a village of moderate size, in the valley, with olives around it. It also had a mill. A portion of the Hejaz Railway used to run through the centre of the town, parallel to the main street.

British Mandate era

Anabta. 1945. Survey of Palestine. Scale 1:250,000.

The first local council in Anabta was established in 1922 during the mandate period. In the 1936 Anabta shooting, on the night of April 15, 1936, a prelude to the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine, about 20 vehicles traveling on the road outside Anabta were stopped at a road block constructed for the purpose by armed villagers, and forced to hand over weapons and cash. 3 Jewish drivers were separated from the non-Jewish drivers and shot, 2 died of their injuries, the third survived. In June, an attack by Arab irregulars on a civilian bus convoy escalated into the Battle of Anabta, a brief but intense fight between Arab militants and the British army involving air attacks on the Arab fighters. On October 12, 1936, when the rebellion stopped, the Daily Telegraph reporter described the village during his visit to it, he said: "Anabta, the scene of several encounters between British troops and Arabs, was the only place through which I passed where the inhabitants showed truculence".

Anabta 1947

Jordanian era

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Anabta came under Jordanian rule.

In 1954, Anabta became a municipal council.

In 1961, the population of Anabta was 4,018.

Post-1967

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Anabta has been under Israeli occupation. Shortly after the war, Anabta underwent major development and achieved local council status. According to Israel's Ministry of Defense, the village was connected to the Israeli electric grid. Anabta lies on the edge of the Tulkarm district's Area A, a Palestinian enclave, which means the city became under full security and civil jurisdiction of the Palestinian National Authority.

Geography

Anabta is located 19 kilometers west of Nablus and 9 kilometers east of Tulkarm. The town is bordered to the north by the village of Kafr Rumman, the south by the town of Kafr al-Labad, the east by the village of Ramin and the northwest by the town of Bal'a. The city is elevated 150 meters above sea level. Surrounded by hills on all sides, a small valley that runs through the center of the town. The town has an urban area of about 1,300 dunams. Most of its exterior lands are planted with olives, figs and almonds or covered by forests. Water is provided by five underground wells, with distribution supervised by the town's municipality. The Israeli settlement Einav is located southeast of the city and an Israeli checkpoint is positioned at the eastern entrance of the town.

Demographics

By an 1870 visitor, the population was estimated at 1,800. At the time of the 1922 census of Palestine, Anabta had a population of 1,606 Muslims. In the 1931 census of Palestine, the combined population of Anabta, Iktaba and Nur ash Shams was 2498; 2,457 Muslims, 34 Christians and 1 Druze living in 502 houses. In 1945, the combined population of Anabta and Iktaba was 3,120. Between 1922 and 1947, the population increased by 110%.

In 1967, the population was 3,400, rising to 5,700 by 1987 and 8,300 by 2009.

Clans

Residents of Anabta belong to two large clans, 'Amr and Al-Jetawi. These families are then divided into smaller families. Residents of the village have origins in Hebron, Kafr ad-Dik and other locations. Anabta also contains a significant population of Palestinians from Gaza who are not classified among the families.

Education

The town has two high schools and four elementary schools that are maintained and funded by the Palestinian Authority Ministry of Education.

Health care

The St John of Jerusalem Eye Hospital Group operates a clinic in Anabta envisaged as a centre for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy in the northern West Bank.

Notable residents, or people from Anabta

References

  1. Palmer, 1881, p. 178
  2. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (February 2018). "Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census 2017" (PDF). p. 68. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
  3. ^ Anabta Archived 2011-09-03 at the Wayback Machine Anabta Municipality entry titled "عنبتا" (Arabic)
  4. Ran Zadok (1985). "Notes on Modern Palestinian Toponymy". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 101 (2): 156–161. JSTOR 27931263.
  5. ^ Zertal, 2004, p. 370
  6. Tsafrir, Di Segni and Green, 1994, p. 62
  7. Alan David Crown (1989). The Samaritans. Mohr Siebeck. p. 320. ISBN 978-3-16-145237-6. Retrieved 14 June 2011.
  8. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 158
  9. Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 170
  10. Dauphin, 1998, p. 762
  11. Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 127
  12. Robinson and Smith, 1856, pp. 125-126
  13. Grossman, David (2004). Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine. Jerusalem: Magnes Press. p. 253.
  14. Government of Palestine (1926). Blue Book: Contains also Civil list, Meteorological observations, Communications, Statistics, etc. Palestine. p. 39. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  15. Official Gazette of the Government of Palestine, No. 71, 15 July 1922, pp. 7–8
  16. 'Nablus Banidits Seen as Izz ed Din's followers', Palestine Post, Friday, 17 April 1936.
  17. Israel's secret wars: A history of Israel's intelligence services, Ian Black
  18. Michael Williams (25 October 1936). Commonweal. Commonweal Pub. Corp. p. 266. Retrieved 14 June 2011. A number of casualties were reported from Palestine as clashes between Arabs and British troops occurred in the Tel Aviv region. The most serious occurrence was a battle at Anabta involving bombers.
  19. "Anabta, the scene of several encounters between British troops and Arabs". Royal Lincolnshire Regiment. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
  20. Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 13
  21. Ori Stendel (1968). Arab villages in Israel and Judea-Samaria (the West Bank): a comparison in social development. Israel Economist. p. 30. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  22. Israel. Miśrad ha-biṭaḥon (1968). The Israel administration in Judaea, Samaria and Gaza: a record of progress. Ministry of Defence. p. 53. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  23. Tulkarem: town listing in a snapshot Palestine Remembered
  24. ^ The city of Tulkarem and its villages(in Arabic) Palestine Information Centre.
  25. Map of the Separation Barrier in the West Bank B'Tselem
  26. Guérin, 1875, p. 213 A cinq kilomètres au nord-oest du Kharbet Kefr Lebed, un grand village, occupant à la fois un vallon et un monticule, compte 1,800 habitants; il se nomme A'nebta, Plusieurs citernes et quelques tombeaux antiques creusés dans le roc attestent qu'il a succédé à une ancienne ville, dont la Bible ne parle pas.
  27. Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Tulkarem, p.27
  28. Mills, 1932, p. 53
  29. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 74
  30. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 20
  31. Transformation in Arab Settlement, Moshe Brawer, in The Land that Became Israel: Studies in Historical Geography, Ruth Kark (ed), Magnes Press, Jerusalem 1989, p.177
  32. Anabta Family Tree
  33. Grossman, D. (1986). "Oscillations in the Rural Settlement of Samaria and Judaea in the Ottoman Period". in Shomron studies. Dar, S., Safrai, S., (eds). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House. p. 346
  34. Anabta eye clinic
  35. Palestinian PM who resigned is asked again to form government, 13 Aug 2013.
  36. "New Palestinian Authority government carbon copy of old". Los Angeles Times. 19 September 2013. Archived from the original on 20 September 2013. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
  37. Rami Hamdallah

Bibliography

External links

Tulkarm Governorate
Cities Tulkarm Governorate
State of Palestine
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Villages
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