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{{mergefrom|Flying officer chronograph|discuss=Talk:Gallet clamshell#Merger proposal|date=July 2011}}
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] ] Magazine print advertisement of the Gallet Clamshell]]


The '''Clamshell''', manufactured between 1936 and 1951 by the ] of Switzerland, is the world’s first water resistant wrist ].<ref name="Horology">Horology, Volume VI, No. 11, Pg. 6, Feb. 1940, "Waterproof Watches, Part Two"</ref><ref name="JCK">The Jewelers' Circular-Keystone, January 1939, pg.52</ref> The '''Clamshell''', manufactured between 1936 and 1951 by the ] of Switzerland, is the world's first water resistant wrist ].<ref name="Horology">Horology, Volume VI, No. 11, Pg. 6, Feb. 1940, "Waterproof Watches, Part Two"</ref><ref name="JCK">The Jewelers' Circular-Keystone, January 1939, pg.52</ref>


==History==
⚫ Introduced as part of Gallet’s MultiChron line of professional use timepieces, the Clamshell is identified by the presence of four screws on the reverse side of the case, located at base of the lugs that attach the watch to the band or bracelet. Most Gallet Clamshell chronographs measure 34.2 millimeters in diameter (not measuring the winding crown) by approximately 42 millimeters in overall length, with a few smaller and larger examples released during the 1940’s.


⚫ Introduced before World War II as part of Gallet's MultiChron line of military and professional timepieces, Clamshell watches are distinguished by four screws on the back of the case, positioned at the base of the lugs where the band or bracelet attaches. Most Gallet Clamshell chronographs have a case diameter of 34.2 millimeters (excluding the winding crown) and an overall length of approximately 42 millimeters, although some smaller and larger models were released during the 1940s.
Engineered for the adverse conditions of the battlefield prior to ], the Clamshell derived its nickname from the way that the top and bottom sections of the case compressed together over a specially flared acrylic crystal, sealing the watch against the intrusion of dirt, water, and caustic chemicals.<ref name="Horology" />


The Clamshell's 15-year history began in 1936 when Gallet purchased the rights to a patent for the "waterproof" watch case design (Brevet N° 189190), invented by the Swiss firm of Schmitz Frères & Cie in the neighboring city of Grenchen. By inserting gasket sealed pushbuttons into the side of this unique watch case design, Gallet was able to expand the water resistant characteristics of the Schmitz Frères concept to the more complex wrist-worn chronograph. Originally engineered by Gallet for the adverse conditions of the battlefield, the Clamshell chronograph derived its nickname from the way that the upper and lower sections of the watch case compressed together over a specially flared crystal, protecting the delicate inner mechanisms from the intrusion of water, dirt, dust, and caustic chemicals.<ref name="Horology" />
⚫ The “waterproof” Clamshell filled such a critical void in the area of military, industrial, and sports related timekeeping that its popularity caused Gallet’s sales to exceed 100,000 units per year for over 15 years. Gallet also supplied privately labeled versions of its Clamshell chronograph to such retailers as C. Bucherer of Lucerne, Turler in ], ] of New York, and ]. In spite of the Clamshell’s effectiveness at preventing water intrusion to a submerged depth of over 100 meters, it was eventually replaced by more easily serviceable versions with full screw-on case backs and readily available generic crystals.


⚫ The "waterproof" Clamshell filled such a critical void in the area of military, industrial, and sports related timekeeping that its popularity helped Gallet's overall sales of wrist-worn watches and hand-held timers exceed 100,000 units per year for over 15 years. Gallet also supplied privately labeled versions of its Clamshell chronograph to other watch companies, as well as retailers that included C. Bucherer of Lucerne, Türler in ], ] of New York, and ]. In spite of the Clamshell's effectiveness at preventing water intrusion to a submerged depth of over 100 meters, it was eventually replaced by more easily serviceable versions with full screw-on case backs and readily available generic crystals.
⚫ During the 15 years of the Clamshell’s production, numerous dial or face variations were released. Styles ranged from basic military specification black to more exotic two-toned and multicolored versions with ], ], and heart rate indications.<ref>Gerd R. Lang and Reinhard Meis, Chronograph Wristwatches to Stop Time, (Schiffer) Germany 1993</ref>A relatively small number were released with luminous numbers, accompanied by ]-filled minute, hour, and sweep second hands for low-light conditions.


==Clamshell Dials==
⚫ The Gallet Clamshell is a popular item for collectors of vintage timepieces with examples trading from $1000 to over $10,000. Current market values for classic Clamshells are based on a number of factors, the most important being the style and condition of the dial (face). An example with a non-original restored or refinished dial can lose between 25 to 40% of its value, while a Clamshell with an exotic original dial will command a premium. Original dials alone often trade in the hundreds with a few unusual styles selling for over $1000.


⚫ During the 15 years of the Clamshell's production, numerous dial or face variations were released. Styles ranged from basic military specification black to more exotic two-toned and multicolored versions with ], ], and heart rate indications.<ref>Gerd R. Lang and Reinhard Meis, Chronograph Wristwatches to Stop Time, (Schiffer) Germany 1993</ref> A relatively small number were released with luminous numbers, accompanied by ]-filled minute, hour, and sweep second hands for low-light conditions.
⚫ A particularly desirable Clamshell watch with collectors is Gallet’s very first series of ] with rotating bezel for multiple time zone calculation. Built around the waterproof design of the MultiChron 30 Clamshell, the watch’s two-tone dial, printed with the world’s major cities and inner telemetry scale, is rumored to have been designed in part by 33rd US president ] while still a senator.<ref name="Authorstream">http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/nwcm-62500-Presidential-Timepieces-Exhibit-pres-exhib-flas-Education-ppt-powerpoint/</ref> The Flight Officer became a common accessory for pilots of the American and British Air Forces during World War Two.


⚫ The Gallet Clamshell is a popular item for collectors of vintage timepieces with examples trading from $1000 to over $10,000. Current market values for classic Clamshells are based on a number of factors, the most important being the style and condition of the dial (face). An example with a non-original restored or refinished dial can lose between 25 and 40% of its value, while a Clamshell with an exotic original dial will command a premium. Original dials alone often trade in the hundreds with a few unusual styles selling for over $1000.
⚫ Due to the effectiveness of the Clamshell’s water resistant case at protecting the watch’s inner components against the elements, vintage examples occasionally appear on the market and at auction, often with non-degraded original dials. Two early Gallet Clamshells are on permanent display at the ] in Columbia, Pennsylvania. President Truman's Flight Officer Clamshell is housed at the ].


⚫ Due to the effectiveness of the Clamshell's water resistant case at protecting the watch's inner mechanism against the elements, vintage examples occasionally appear on the market and at auction in fully functional condition, often with non-degraded original dials.
==Designation Controversy==


Two early Gallet Clamshells are on permanent display at the ] in Columbia, Pennsylvania.
Among some collectors, there has been a long standing disagreement as to whether Gallet’s first series of ] should be categorized as a Clamshell or whether it belongs within its own independent category of wristwatches.


==Related Watches==
⚫ While most timekeeping historians and purist collectors feel that only the original 34.2 millimeter diameter waterproof version of the early MultiChron model 30 should have this designation, a few site the shared patented case design of the two watches as possible justification for the early Flight Officer’s inclusion in the Clamshell category. The fact that the Flight Officer only utilized the Clamshell style water protection system for the first decade of the watch’s seven decades of production appears to support the former argument. This is further reinforced by the Gallet Company’s distinctly separate nomenclature for these two different watch models.


⚫ A particularly desirable "Clamshell" style wrist watch with collectors is Gallet's very first series of ] with rotating bezel for multiple time zone calculation. Built around the waterproof design of the MultiChron 30 Clamshell, the Flight Officer's two-tone dial, printed with the world's major cities and inner telemetry scale, is rumored to have been designed in part by 33rd US president ] while still a senator.<ref name="Authorstream">{{Cite web|url=http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/nwcm-62500-Presidential-Timepieces-Exhibit-pres-exhib-flas-Education-ppt-powerpoint/|title=Presidential Timepieces Exhibit|access-date=2011-06-11|archive-date=2021-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901094319/https://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/nwcm-62500-Presidential-Timepieces-Exhibit-pres-exhib-flas-Education-ppt-powerpoint/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Flight Officer chronograph worn by Truman is now housed within the collection of the ].
⚫ This argument occasionally also arises in regards to the MultiChron Pilot Petite as well as Gallet’s early time-only waterproof watches, since these two other model groups also utilized the 4 screw "Clamshell" compression system during the 1940's.

⚫ Whether or not the Truman Flight Officer should be designated as a Clamshell has been a long-standing argument among collectors. While most timekeeping historians and purist collectors feel that only the waterproof version of the early MultiChron model 30 should have this designation, a few site the shared compression case design of the two watches as possible justification for the early Flight Officer's inclusion into the Clamshell category. The fact that the Flight Officer only utilized the Clamshell style water protection system for the first decade of the watch's seven decades of production appears to support the former argument. This is further reinforced by the Gallet Company's distinctly separate nomenclature for these two different watch models.

⚫ This argument also arises in regards to the MultiChron Pilot Petite as well as Gallet's early time-only waterproof watches, since these two additional model groups also utilized the 4 screw Clamshell compression system for a brief period during the early 1940s.


==Vintage Clamshell Gallery== ==Vintage Clamshell Gallery==
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Image: Gallet_clamshell_600x600_1.jpg|Gallet Clamshell (1943) with military style black dial and telemeter indications for artillery timing Image: Gallet_clamshell_600x600_1.jpg|Gallet Clamshell (1943) with military style black dial and telemeter indications for artillery timing
Image: Gallet_clamshell_600x600_2.jpg|Gallet Clamshell (1943) with military style black dial, hands and dial indications in gold Image: Gallet_clamshell_600x600_2.jpg|Gallet Clamshell (1943) with military style black dial, hands and dial indications in gold
Image: Gallet_clamshell_600x600_3.jpg|Gallet Clamshell (1947) with two-tone dial in black and dark grey Image: Gallet_clamshell_600x600_3.jpg|Gallet Clamshell (1942) with two-tone dial in black and dark grey
Image: Gallet_clamshell_600x600_7.jpg| Gallet Clamshell (1938) with white dial, luminous hands and numbers Image: Gallet_clamshell_600x600_7.jpg| Gallet Clamshell (1938) with white dial, luminous hands and numbers
Image: Gallet_clamshell_600x600_4.jpg| Gallet Clamshell (1942) with white dial, black indications and blued steel hands Image: Gallet_clamshell_600x600_4.jpg| Gallet Clamshell (1942) with white dial, black indications and blued steel hands
Image: Gallet_clamshell_600x600_6.jpg| Gallet Clamshell (1939) with two-tone champagne and grey dial, mile-per-hour dial for auto racing Image: Gallet_clamshell_600x600_6.jpg| Gallet Clamshell (1939) with two-tone champagne and grey dial, mile-per-hour dial for auto racing
Image: Gallet_clamshell_600x600_8.jpg| Gallet Clamshell (1940), signed SOLAR for Eaton's Department store in Canada Image: Gallet_clamshell_600x600_8.jpg| Gallet Clamshell (1940), signed SOLAR for Eaton's Department store in Canada
Image: Gallet_clamshell_600x600_9.jpg| MultiChron Pilot Petite (1945), Miniature Valjoux 69 powered pilot's chonograph with rotating time zone bezel Image: Gallet_clamshell_600x600_9.jpg| MultiChron Pilot Petit (1943), Miniature Valjoux 69 powered pilot's chronograph with rotating time zone bezel
</gallery> </gallery>


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==External links== ==External links==

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Latest revision as of 18:18, 18 September 2024

1939 advertisement from Jewelers' Circular Keystone magazine of the Gallet MultiChron 30 "Clamshell", the world's first water resistant chronograph wristwatch
Reverse view of the Gallet Clamshell showing the 4 screws that compress the 2 part case around the flared acrylic crystal
Open view of the Gallet Clamshell showing top part of the two part case and complex Swiss column wheel movement
1939 Esquire Magazine print advertisement of the Gallet Clamshell

The Clamshell, manufactured between 1936 and 1951 by the Gallet Watch Company of Switzerland, is the world's first water resistant wrist chronograph.

History

Introduced before World War II as part of Gallet's MultiChron line of military and professional timepieces, Clamshell watches are distinguished by four screws on the back of the case, positioned at the base of the lugs where the band or bracelet attaches. Most Gallet Clamshell chronographs have a case diameter of 34.2 millimeters (excluding the winding crown) and an overall length of approximately 42 millimeters, although some smaller and larger models were released during the 1940s.

The Clamshell's 15-year history began in 1936 when Gallet purchased the rights to a patent for the "waterproof" watch case design (Brevet N° 189190), invented by the Swiss firm of Schmitz Frères & Cie in the neighboring city of Grenchen. By inserting gasket sealed pushbuttons into the side of this unique watch case design, Gallet was able to expand the water resistant characteristics of the Schmitz Frères concept to the more complex wrist-worn chronograph. Originally engineered by Gallet for the adverse conditions of the battlefield, the Clamshell chronograph derived its nickname from the way that the upper and lower sections of the watch case compressed together over a specially flared crystal, protecting the delicate inner mechanisms from the intrusion of water, dirt, dust, and caustic chemicals.

The "waterproof" Clamshell filled such a critical void in the area of military, industrial, and sports related timekeeping that its popularity helped Gallet's overall sales of wrist-worn watches and hand-held timers exceed 100,000 units per year for over 15 years. Gallet also supplied privately labeled versions of its Clamshell chronograph to other watch companies, as well as retailers that included C. Bucherer of Lucerne, Türler in Zurich, Tiffany & Co. of New York, and T. Eaton of Canada. In spite of the Clamshell's effectiveness at preventing water intrusion to a submerged depth of over 100 meters, it was eventually replaced by more easily serviceable versions with full screw-on case backs and readily available generic crystals.

Clamshell Dials

During the 15 years of the Clamshell's production, numerous dial or face variations were released. Styles ranged from basic military specification black to more exotic two-toned and multicolored versions with tachymeter, telemeter chronograph, and heart rate indications. A relatively small number were released with luminous numbers, accompanied by radium-filled minute, hour, and sweep second hands for low-light conditions.

The Gallet Clamshell is a popular item for collectors of vintage timepieces with examples trading from $1000 to over $10,000. Current market values for classic Clamshells are based on a number of factors, the most important being the style and condition of the dial (face). An example with a non-original restored or refinished dial can lose between 25 and 40% of its value, while a Clamshell with an exotic original dial will command a premium. Original dials alone often trade in the hundreds with a few unusual styles selling for over $1000.

Due to the effectiveness of the Clamshell's water resistant case at protecting the watch's inner mechanism against the elements, vintage examples occasionally appear on the market and at auction in fully functional condition, often with non-degraded original dials.

Two early Gallet Clamshells are on permanent display at the National Watch and Clock Museum in Columbia, Pennsylvania.

Related Watches

A particularly desirable "Clamshell" style wrist watch with collectors is Gallet's very first series of Flight Officer Chronographs with rotating bezel for multiple time zone calculation. Built around the waterproof design of the MultiChron 30 Clamshell, the Flight Officer's two-tone dial, printed with the world's major cities and inner telemetry scale, is rumored to have been designed in part by 33rd US president Harry S Truman while still a senator. The Flight Officer chronograph worn by Truman is now housed within the collection of the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum.

Whether or not the Truman Flight Officer should be designated as a Clamshell has been a long-standing argument among collectors. While most timekeeping historians and purist collectors feel that only the waterproof version of the early MultiChron model 30 should have this designation, a few site the shared compression case design of the two watches as possible justification for the early Flight Officer's inclusion into the Clamshell category. The fact that the Flight Officer only utilized the Clamshell style water protection system for the first decade of the watch's seven decades of production appears to support the former argument. This is further reinforced by the Gallet Company's distinctly separate nomenclature for these two different watch models.

This argument also arises in regards to the MultiChron Pilot Petite as well as Gallet's early time-only waterproof watches, since these two additional model groups also utilized the 4 screw Clamshell compression system for a brief period during the early 1940s.

Vintage Clamshell Gallery

  • Gallet Clamshell (1943) with military style black dial and telemeter indications for artillery timing Gallet Clamshell (1943) with military style black dial and telemeter indications for artillery timing
  • Gallet Clamshell (1943) with military style black dial, hands and dial indications in gold Gallet Clamshell (1943) with military style black dial, hands and dial indications in gold
  • Gallet Clamshell (1942) with two-tone dial in black and dark grey Gallet Clamshell (1942) with two-tone dial in black and dark grey
  • Gallet Clamshell (1938) with white dial, luminous hands and numbers Gallet Clamshell (1938) with white dial, luminous hands and numbers
  • Gallet Clamshell (1942) with white dial, black indications and blued steel hands Gallet Clamshell (1942) with white dial, black indications and blued steel hands
  • Gallet Clamshell (1939) with two-tone champagne and grey dial, mile-per-hour dial for auto racing Gallet Clamshell (1939) with two-tone champagne and grey dial, mile-per-hour dial for auto racing
  • Gallet Clamshell (1940), signed SOLAR for Eaton's Department store in Canada Gallet Clamshell (1940), signed SOLAR for Eaton's Department store in Canada
  • MultiChron Pilot Petit (1943), Miniature Valjoux 69 powered pilot's chronograph with rotating time zone bezel MultiChron Pilot Petit (1943), Miniature Valjoux 69 powered pilot's chronograph with rotating time zone bezel

References

  1. ^ Horology, Volume VI, No. 11, Pg. 6, Feb. 1940, "Waterproof Watches, Part Two"
  2. The Jewelers' Circular-Keystone, January 1939, pg.52
  3. Gerd R. Lang and Reinhard Meis, Chronograph Wristwatches to Stop Time, (Schiffer) Germany 1993
  4. "Presidential Timepieces Exhibit". Archived from the original on 2021-09-01. Retrieved 2011-06-11.

External links

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